Section Ⅲ Using language
语法项目——过去分词作状语
语境中体悟
Accompanied by my friends① , I watched some art programs in our school hall.The school band performed very well.Attracted by their performance② , I decided to try out for the school band.I began to practice regularly.Trained by my father③ , a drummer, I believed I would be admitted.The tryout came.Dressed in a beautiful skirt④ , I first sang a popular song.Then seated by a drum⑤， I beat it to music.Satisfied with my performance⑥ , the head of the school band allowed me to join it.I was very happy, determined to do my part⑦ .
[语法入门]
①②③处为过去分词短语作状语，与句子主语在逻辑上是被动关系。①作伴随状语，②③作原因状语。
④⑤⑥⑦处为过去分词短语作状语，这些分词短语来源于系表结构，作状语时不强调被动而重在描述主语的状态。④⑤⑦作伴随状语，⑥作原因状语。
学案中理清
过去分词是非谓语的一种形式，没有时态和语态的变化，从意义上讲，它具有完成和被动两大特点，在句中可以用作表语、定语、状语或宾语补足语等。本课时主要讲述其作为状语的用法。
一、过去分词作状语
[先感知]
①(教材典句)Disappointed by his behaviour, I said all this to my best friend.
②(教材典句)Treated this way, you're sure to feel hurt ...
③(教材典句)Approached in this way, your friendship will soon be repaired.
④(教材典句)Filled with anger, you tend to say whatever comes to your mind.
[会发现]
上述各句中的黑体部分都是过去分词短语，在句中用作状语。其中，句①中作________状语，句②④中作________状语，句③中作________状语。此外，句①④中的过去分词短语表示主语的状态，句②③中的过去分词短语与句子主语之间为逻辑上的动宾关系。
[明规则]
(1)过去分词(短语)作状语，可以表示时间、让步、条件、原因、伴随、方式或结果，相当于一个状语从句。请体会下面例句：
Asked about his son (＝When he was asked about his son), he talked a lot with us happily.(时间状语)
Invited to the party (＝Though he was invited to the party), he didn't attend it.(让步状语)
Deeply moved by the story (＝ Because they were deeply moved by the story), these people stopped quarreling with each other.(原因状语)
Used properly(＝If it is used properly), the electric bicycle can last about 10 years.(条件状语)
The old man came in，supported by his son (＝and was supported by his son)．(方式状语)
He stood there, lost in thought (＝and he was lost in thought)．(伴随状语)
(2)其逻辑主语为句子的主语，且与之构成逻辑上的动宾关系。
(3)有些过去分词(短语)因来源于系表结构，作状语时不强调被动而重在描述主语的状态。这样的过去分词(短语)常见的有： lost, seated, hidden, lost/absorbed in, dressed in, tired of等。
[对点练] (用所给词的适当形式填空)
①(2022·浙江6月高考写作)__________ (locate) on the third floor beside the online reading rooms, it can be accessible from 8 am till 9 pm throughout the weekdays.
②(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷) __________ (encourage) by his words, I agreed to give it a try.
③__________ (catch) in the heavy rain, the girl was all wet.
④__________ (grow) in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast.
⑤__________ (invite) by her, he took part in the party happily.
⑥__________ (see) from the top, the stadium looks like a bird nest.
二、过去分词的独立主格结构作状语
[先感知]
①Much time spent sitting at a desk, some office workers are generally troubled by health problems.
②Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea.
[会发现]
句①中句子的主语是some office workers，过去分词spent的逻辑主语为______________；
句②中句子的主语是she，过去分词done的逻辑主语为______________．
[明规则]
过去分词作状语时，一般情况下其逻辑主语须与句子主语保持一致。如果句意较复杂，存在逻辑主语不一致的情况时，可在过去分词前加上其单独的主语，这种名(代)词加上过去分词(短语)的结构即为独立主格结构。请体会下面例句：
She hugged the caring twins tightly, her eyes filled with tears (＝and her eyes were filled with tears)．
Most of his time spent on the research (＝Because most of his time was spent on the research), he had no time to look after his children.
[对点练] (用独立主格结构作状语改写句子)
①After the lecture was given, a lively question-and-answer session followed.
→____________________， a lively question-and-answer session followed.
②The factory produced many famous cars, none of which were shipped to foreign countries.
→The factory produced many famous cars, ______________________________________.
③Because extra money was given to the poor, he felt very happy.
→________________， he felt very happy.
三、过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别
[先感知]
①Used for a long time, the book looks old.
②Using the book, I find it very useful.
[会发现]
句①中the book和use之间是________关系。
句②中I和use之间是________关系。
[明规则]
过去分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即表示被动；现在分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即表示主动。
分词作状语记忆口诀：
分词作状语，主语是问题。
前后两动作，共用一主语。
主语找出后，再来判关系。
主动用-ing，被动用-ed。
[名师点津] 无论是现在分词还是过去分词，其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致。如果不一致，则必须用状语从句、独立主格结构等其他表达形式。
If caught, the police will punish the thief.(×)
If caught, the thief will be punished by the police.(√)
If the thief is caught, the police will punish the thief.(√)
[对点练] (单句语法填空)
①When I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed, __________ (tell) me stories till I fell asleep.
②—Where is Jimmy
—Just now I saw him sitting under the tree, __________ (absorb) in his reading.
③I always read, __________ (use) different voices, as though I were acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it!
应用中融通
Ⅰ.完成句子(用过去分词作状语)
1．________________， water can be turned into steam.
水加热后会变成水蒸气。
2．________________， his article was not so good.
由于写得匆忙，他的文章不是很好。
3．______________， Charles Dickens received little school education.查尔斯·狄更斯出生于一个贫穷的家庭，几乎没有接受过学校教育。
4．____________________________， he became the pride of his parents.
受到邻居们的表扬，他成为父母的骄傲。
5．__________________， the flowers may seem fresher.如果多浇些水，这些花看起来会更鲜艳。
Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空
My grandpa is a Party member as well as a soldier.①__________ (accept) by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party.My grandpa is often invited to schools to tell us his stories during the wars.②_________ (surround) by a group of children, my grandpa felt very happy.“③__________ (give) another chance of being young, I would still choose to be a solider to protect our motherland.” he said.④__________ (encourage) by his words, I'm determined to be a solider when I grow up.
教材听力“再利用”
一、由听力厚积语料库
1．what's up ____________
2．for a while ____________
3．a couple of days ____________
4．______________ 准备这次旅行
5．______________ 下次
6．______________ 给我一些想法
二、教材录音材料的发掘训练
1．What was Tina's purpose of talking to Kerry？( )
A．To help her move her flat.
B．To stay at her place.
C．To ask for a leave.
2．How many days can Tina stay at Kerry's place？( )
A．A couple of days.
B．A month.
C．A year.
3．Why can't Ryan go to Mike's party？( )
A．He has some homework to do.
B．He needs to prepare for his trip.
C．He wants to visit his cousin.
4．What will Becky plan to do？( )
A．Write the project for Jane.
B．Let Jane copy her project.
C．Talk about Jane's project.
三、依据教材听力完成句子
1．____________ my flat next week, but my new place ________________ until next month.
2．__________________________ my cousin in New York on Monday.
3．I have to spend the weekend ____________________________________.
4．Well, I ______________________ you could let me see your project ...
5．______________________ to do your project by yourself.
四、听说交际训练
根据提示，完成下面关于人际关系的对话。
M：Are you OK, Lily You don't look very happy.
W：Oh, David.I had an argument with Mom again.I am not ①__________________________________ (得到足够的零花钱)．
M：How much do you get
W：5 pounds a week.
M：That sounds reasonable to me.
W：Well, I am 16, and ②__________________ (如果你去购物), you can never have enough money.Everything is so expensive.
M：But is it a fair amount of money ③ __________________________________________ (和你的朋友得到的相比)
W：Well, we all get the same, but I have to buy all my music things as well as things for school.And I have hardly anything left to spend on clothes.
M：Right, do you have to help around the house
W：Not really.
M：So you don't have to do anything for this pocket money？！
W：Mom said if I did that, I would never ④____________________________________ (花费时间做作业)．
M：Maybe it ⑤________________ (坐下来和她谈一谈将会更好)．
W：So, I should talk to her again
M：Yes, but don't argue with her.Just discuss it calmly.If so, she'd be happy ⑥________________ (同意你的请求)．
W：OK, thanks!
听力素养“漫养成”
|掌握规律技法|
借助礼貌拒绝用语解题
听力对话中常涉及的主题之一是“邀请与婉拒”，了解常见的委婉拒绝别人的方法和用语，有助于正确把握说话者表达的意思，提高解答此类题目的正确率。
常见的礼貌回绝对方的用语：
①Sorry, but ...
②I'd love to, but ...
③That sounds very nice, but ...
④Thanks for asking! But ...
⑤I can't right now, but maybe later.
我现在不方便，晚一点再说吧。
⑥Today's not so good.How about tomorrow
今天不太合适，明天如何？
⑦I'm not able to help you now, but I'm happy to take a look next week.
我现在没办法帮你，但是我很乐意下周帮你看看。
[典例] (2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)
Where is Barbara going tonight
A．To a gym.
B．To her grandma's.
C．To the doctor's.
[听力原文]
M：Barbara, do you want to play table tennis with us tonight
W：I'd love to, but I can't.I'm catching the last train to Denver to see my grandma.I need to take her to visit a doctor tomorrow morning.
[分析] 根据答语中的“I'd love to, but I can't.”可知，男士邀请女士今晚去打网球，女士拒绝了他的邀请。再根据女士说的话“I'm catching the last train to Denver to see my grandma.”可知，今晚她要赶火车去见她的祖母。由此可知，B项正确。
|多积主题表达|
1．trust each other 彼此信任
2．feel lonely 感到孤独
3．care about sb. 关心某人
4．show respect for sb. 尊重某人
5．be ready to help others 乐于助人
6．can't help doing sth. 忍不住做某事
7．be on good terms with sb. 与某人关系好
8．fit in with与…… 一致/相处融洽
9．be concerned for/about 对……担心
10．make an apology to sb.for ... 为……向某人道歉
11．As the old saying goes, “A friend in need is a friend indeed.”
常言道，“患难见真情。”
12．It was your help and kindness that made my study and life in the UK special and enjoyable.
正是你的帮助和关怀让我在英国的学习和生活既特别又快乐。
13．I'm sorry to have quarrelled with you about knocking you down the day before yesterday.
我非常抱歉前天因撞倒你而与你吵架。
14．I make a sincere apology to you and hope that you will forgive me.
我真诚地向你道歉并希望你原谅我。
15．We must remember that only true friends will tell you the truth.
我们要记住，只有真正的朋友才会把实话告诉你。
1．Prevented from playing her role in Riley's emotional development, Sadness feels annoyed.
由于无法在莱莉的情感发展过程中扮演她的角色，忧忧感到烦恼。
★annoyed adj.恼怒的，烦恼的
|用|法|感|知|
(“动作描写”佳句)Jim put his head in his hands, greatly annoyed.
吉姆双手抱头，十分生气。
(“情绪描写”佳句)I was annoyed at/about his attitude towards the thing.
他对这件事的态度让我很恼火。
I was annoyed with him because he was supposed to take care of my dog, but he didn't.
我很生他的气，因为他本应该照顾我的狗，但他没有。
[归纳点拨]
be/get annoyed at/about ... 对……很生气
be/get annoyed with sb. 生某人的气
|应|用|融|会|
(1)单句语法填空
①That __________ cat makes me __________.(annoy)
②I was so annoyed ________________ him for turning up late.
(2)替换加黑词汇
③She tapped her forehead and looked angry with herself.__________
2．When Riley moves to a new city, she has a hard time adjusting to her new surroundings.
当莱莉搬到一个新的城市时，她很难适应新环境。
★adjust v．适应，(使)习惯；调整，调节
|用|法|感|知|
However, I am sure that you will be able to adjust to the life here soon.
不过，我相信你很快就能适应这里的生活。
We have made an adjustment to our price and give you a special discount of 3%.
我们对价格作了调整，给你们百分之三的特别折扣。
[归纳点拨]
(1)adjust to 适应(to是介词)
adjust oneself to 调节自己以适应
(2)adjustment n. 调整；调节
make an adjustment to 对……做出调整
|应|用|融|会|
(单句语法填空)
①He found it hard to adjust to ____________ (work) at night.
②After a short ________________ (adjust), she began the hard trip.
③Brought up in the countryside, he finds it hard to adjust ___________ (he) to city life.
3．Sadness wants to do her duty but by accident causes the loss of Riley's happy core memories with Joy.
忧忧想要履行自己的职责，但却意外地让莱莉失去了和乐乐在一起的美好的核心记忆。
★accident n．意外事件，偶然因素
|用|法|感|知|
(“心理描写”佳句)Apparently Sue was too shocked by the accident to let out a word.
显然，苏对这一事故感到太震惊了，一句话也说不出来。
Unfortunately, I won't make it because I lost it by accident.
不幸的是，我做不到了，因为我不小心把它弄丢了。
When she faced the accidental injury, she also kept smiling and didn't give up.
当面对意外的伤害时，她仍然保持微笑，没有放弃。
归纳 点拨 (1)a car accident 车祸 by accident 偶然，意外地 (2)accidental adj. 意外的，偶然的
名师 点津 by accident的同义表达是by chance; 反义表达为 by design或on purpose。
|应|用|融|会|
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①I'm sure he ignored you __________ accident and not by design.
②Information must be stored so that it is safe from __________ (accident) deletion.
③As we all know, it was his carelessness ______________________________.
我们都知道，正是他的粗心导致了这场车祸。
4．Worried about her, Joy and Sadness try to work together to ensure she gets her core memories back.
因为担心她，乐乐和忧忧试图联合起来以确保她的核心记忆能够恢复。
★ensure v．确保，保证
|用|法|感|知|
In conclusion, to be honest will ensure you a happy life.
总之，诚实会确保你的幸福生活。
Insurance will ensure us from property loss.
保险可以使我们免受财产损失。
Please ensure that all lights are switched off.
请确保将所有的灯都关掉。
归纳 点拨 ensure sb.sth. 向某人保证某事 ensure (that) ... 保证…… ensure sb.from ... 确保某人免受……
名师点津 前缀“en-”加在某些形容词前可以构成动词，意为“使……”，如：enable(使能够), enlarge (使扩大), enrich (使丰富), ennoble(使更高贵)等。
|应|用|融|会|
(1)单句语法填空/完成句子
①These are safety devices to ensure workers __________ accidents.
②This medicine will ________________.
这种药将保证你一整夜睡眠良好。
(2)替换加黑词汇
③I can't make sure that he will help you.__________
5．Try to forgive someone when they apologise.
当有些人道歉时尽量原谅他们。
★forgive v．原谅，宽恕
|用|法|感|知|
Fortunately, he forgave me for what I had done to him and said, “Oh, it doesn't matter.”
幸运的是，他原谅了我对他所做的事，只是说了一句：“哦，没关系。”
(总结升华句)What happened today made me realize that forgiveness is a kind of virtue.
今天发生的事情让我意识到宽恕是一种美德。
[归纳点拨]
(1)forgive (sb.) sth. 原谅(某人)某事
forgive sb.for sth./doing sth. 原谅某人做了某事
forgive sb./sb.'s doing sth. 原谅某人做了某事
(2)forgiveness n. 原谅，宽恕
|应|用|融|会|
(单句语法填空)
①They forgave him for __________ (be) rude.
②I'm looking forward to your early reply and your __________ (forgive) as well.
Section Ⅲ
语法专题突破
学案中理清
一、[会发现] 原因 时间 条件
[对点练] ①Located ②Encouraged ③Caught ④Grown
⑤Invited ⑥Seen
二、[会发现] Much time Her work
[对点练] ①The lecture given
②none of them shipped to foreign countries
③Extra money given to the poor
三、[会发现] 被动 主动
[对点练] ①telling ②absorbed ③using
应用中融通
Ⅰ.1.Heated 2.Written in a hurry 3.Born into a poor family
4．Praised by the neighbours 5.Given more water
Ⅱ.①Accepted ②Surrounded ③Given ④Encouraged
听力发掘训练
一、1.怎么了 2.暂时 3.几天 4.prepare for the trip
5．next time 6.give me some ideas
二、1～4 BABC
三、1.I've got to leave; won't be ready
2．I'd love to, but I'm visiting 3.preparing for the trip
4．was just wondering if 5.It would be better
四、①getting enough pocket money ②if you go shopping
③compared with what your friends get
④spend time doing my schoolwork
⑤would be better to sit down and talk with her
⑥to agree with your request
新知深化学习
1．①annoying; annoyed ②with ③annoyed
2．①working ②adjustment ③himself
3．①by ②accidental ③that resulted in the car accident
4．①from ②ensure you a good night's sleep ③ensure
5．①being ②forgiveness(共111张PPT)
Section Ⅲ Using language
目 录
语法专题突破
听力发掘训练
新知深化学习
课时跟踪检测
语法专题突破
语法项目——过去分词作状语
语境中体悟
Accompanied by my friends① , I watched some art programs in our school hall.The school band performed very well.Attracted by their performance② , I decided to try out for the school band.I began to practice regularly.Trained by my father③ , a drummer, I believed I would be admitted.The tryout came.Dressed in a beautiful skirt④ ,
I first sang a popular song.Then seated by a drum⑤， I beat it to music.Satisfied with my performance⑥ , the head of the school band allowed me to join it.I was very happy, determined to do my part⑦ .
[语法入门]
①②③处为过去分词短语作状语，与句子主语在逻辑上是被动关系。①作伴随状语，②③作原因状语。
④⑤⑥⑦处为过去分词短语作状语，这些分词短语来源于系表结构，作状语时不强调被动而重在描述主语的状态。④⑤⑦作伴随状语，⑥作原因状语。
学案中理清
过去分词是非谓语的一种形式，没有时态和语态的变化，从意义上讲，它具有完成和被动两大特点，在句中可以用作表语、定语、状语或宾语补足语等。本课时主要讲述其作为状语的用法。
一、过去分词作状语
[先感知]
①(教材典句)Disappointed by his behaviour, I said all this to my best friend.
②(教材典句)Treated this way, you're sure to feel hurt ...
③(教材典句)Approached in this way, your friendship will soon be repaired.
④(教材典句)Filled with anger, you tend to say whatever comes to your mind.
[会发现]
上述各句中的蓝体部分都是过去分词短语，在句中用作状语。其中，句①中作_____状语，句②④中作_____状语，句③中作_____状语。此外，句①④中的过去分词短语表示主语的状态，句②③中的过去分词短语与句子主语之间为逻辑上的动宾关系。
原因
时间
条件
[明规则]
(1)过去分词(短语)作状语，可以表示时间、让步、条件、原因、伴随、方式或结果，相当于一个状语从句。请体会下面例句：
Asked about his son (＝When he was asked about his son), he talked a lot with us happily.(时间状语)
Invited to the party (＝Though he was invited to the party), he didn't attend it.(让步状语)
Deeply moved by the story (＝ Because they were deeply moved by the story), these people stopped quarreling with each other.(原因状语)
Used properly(＝If it is used properly), the electric bicycle can last about 10 years.(条件状语)
The old man came in，supported by his son (＝and was supported by his son)．(方式状语)
He stood there, lost in thought (＝and he was lost in thought)．(伴随状语)
(2)其逻辑主语为句子的主语，且与之构成逻辑上的动宾关系。
(3)有些过去分词(短语)因来源于系表结构，作状语时不强调被动而重在描述主语的状态。这样的过去分词(短语)常见的有： lost, seated, hidden, lost/absorbed in, dressed in, tired of等。
[对点练] (用所给词的适当形式填空)
①(2022·浙江6月高考写作)________ (locate) on the third floor beside the online reading rooms, it can be accessible from 8 am till 9 pm throughout the weekdays.
②(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)____________ (encourage) by his words, I agreed to give it a try.
Located
Encouraged
③_______ (catch) in the heavy rain, the girl was all wet.
④_______ (grow) in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast.
⑤_______ (invite) by her, he took part in the party happily.
⑥_______ (see) from the top, the stadium looks like a bird nest.
Caught
Grown
Invited
Seen
二、过去分词的独立主格结构作状语
[先感知]
①Much time spent sitting at a desk, some office workers are generally troubled by health problems.
②Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea.
[会发现]
句①中句子的主语是some office workers，过去分词spent的逻辑主语为___________；
句②中句子的主语是she，过去分词done的逻辑主语为_________.
Much time
Her work
[明规则]
过去分词作状语时，一般情况下其逻辑主语须与句子主语保持一致。如果句意较复杂，存在逻辑主语不一致的情况时，可在过去分词前加上其单独的主语，这种名(代)词加上过去分词(短语)的结构即为独立主格结构。请体会下面例句：
She hugged the caring twins tightly, her eyes filled with tears (＝and her eyes were filled with tears)．
Most of his time spent on the research (＝Because most of his time was spent on the research), he had no time to look after his children.
[对点练] (用独立主格结构作状语改写句子)
①After the lecture was given, a lively question-and-answer session followed.
→__________________, a lively question-and-answer session followed.
The lecture given
②The factory produced many famous cars, none of which were shipped to foreign countries.
→The factory produced many famous cars, ___________________
___________________.
③Because extra money was given to the poor, he felt very happy.
→____________________________, he felt very happy.
none of them shipped
to foreign countries
Extra money given to the poor
三、过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别
[先感知]
①Used for a long time, the book looks old.
②Using the book, I find it very useful.
[会发现]
句①中the book和use之间是______关系。
句②中I和use之间是______关系。
被动
主动
[明规则]
过去分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即表示被动；现在分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即表示主动。
分词作状语记忆口诀：
分词作状语，主语是问题。
前后两动作，共用一主语。
主语找出后，再来判关系。
主动用-ing，被动用-ed。
[名师点津] 无论是现在分词还是过去分词，其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致。如果不一致，则必须用状语从句、独立主格结构等其他表达形式。
If caught, the police will punish the thief.(×)
If caught, the thief will be punished by the police.(√)
If the thief is caught, the police will punish the thief.(√)
[对点练] (单句语法填空)
①When I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed, ______ (tell) me stories till I fell asleep.
②—Where is Jimmy
—Just now I saw him sitting under the tree, _________ (absorb) in his reading.
③I always read, ______ (use) different voices, as though I were acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it!
telling
absorbed
using
应用中融通
Ⅰ.完成句子(用过去分词作状语)
1．_______, water can be turned into steam.
水加热后会变成水蒸气。
2．_________________, his article was not so good.
由于写得匆忙，他的文章不是很好。
Heated
Written in a hurry
3．______________________, Charles Dickens received little school education.
查尔斯·狄更斯出生于一个贫穷的家庭，几乎没有接受过学校教育。
4．________________________, he became the pride of his parents.
受到邻居们的表扬，他成为父母的骄傲。
5．_________________, the flowers may seem fresher.
如果多浇些水，这些花看起来会更鲜艳。
Born into a poor family
Praised by the neighbours
Given more water
Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空
My grandpa is a Party member as well as a soldier.①__________ (accept) by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party. My grandpa is often invited to schools to tell us his stories during the wars.②___________ (surround) by a group of children, my grandpa felt very happy.“③________ (give) another chance of being young, I would still choose to be a solider to protect our motherland.” he said. ④__________ (encourage) by his words, I'm determined to be a solider when I grow up.
Accepted
Surrounded
Given
Encouraged
听力发掘训练
教材听力“再利用”
一、由听力厚积语料库
1．what's up ________
2．for a while ________
3．a couple of days ________
怎么了
暂时
几天
4．__________________ 准备这次旅行
5．__________________ 下次
6．__________________ 给我一些想法
prepare for the trip
next time
give me some ideas
二、教材录音材料的发掘训练
1．What was Tina's purpose of talking to Kerry
A．To help her move her flat.
B．To stay at her place.
C．To ask for a leave.
√
2．How many days can Tina stay at Kerry's place
A．A couple of days. B．A month. C．A year.
3．Why can't Ryan go to Mike's party
A．He has some homework to do.
B．He needs to prepare for his trip.
C．He wants to visit his cousin.
√
√
4．What will Becky plan to do
A．Write the project for Jane.
B．Let Jane copy her project.
C．Talk about Jane's project.
√
三、依据教材听力完成句子
1．____________________ my flat next week, but my new place ______________ until next month.
2．_________________________ my cousin in New York on Monday.
3．I have to spend the weekend ____________________.
4．Well, I ____________________ you could let me see your project ...
5．_________________ to do your project by yourself.
I've got to leave
won't be ready
I'd love to, but I'm visiting
preparing for the trip
was just wondering if
It would be better
四、听说交际训练
根据提示，完成下面关于人际关系的对话。
M：Are you OK, Lily You don't look very happy.
W：Oh, David.I had an argument with Mom again.I am not ①___________________________ (得到足够的零花钱)．
M：How much do you get
W：5 pounds a week.
getting enough pocket money
M：That sounds reasonable to me.
W：Well, I am 16, and ②_________________ (如果你去购物), you can never have enough money.Everything is so expensive.
M：But is it a fair amount of money ③_______________________
___________ (和你的朋友得到的相比)
if you go shopping
compared with what your
friends get
W：Well, we all get the same, but I have to buy all my music things as well as things for school.And I have hardly anything left to spend on clothes.
M：Right, do you have to help around the house
W：Not really.
M：So you don't have to do anything for this pocket money？！
W：Mom said if I did that, I would never ④__________________
____________ (花费时间做作业)．
M：Maybe it ⑤________________________________________ (坐下来和她谈一谈将会更好)．
W：So, I should talk to her again
M：Yes, but don't argue with her.Just discuss it calmly.If so, she'd be happy ⑥_________________________ (同意你的请求)．
W：OK, thanks!
spend time doing my
schoolwork
would be better to sit down and talk with her
to agree with your request
听力素养“漫养成”
|掌握规律技法|
借助礼貌拒绝用语解题
听力对话中常涉及的主题之一是“邀请与婉拒”，了解常见的委婉拒绝别人的方法和用语，有助于正确把握说话者表达的意思，提高解答此类题目的正确率。
常见的礼貌回绝对方的用语：
①Sorry, but ...
②I'd love to, but ...
③That sounds very nice, but ...
④Thanks for asking! But ...
⑤I can't right now, but maybe later.
我现在不方便，晚一点再说吧。
⑥Today's not so good.How about tomorrow
今天不太合适，明天如何？
⑦I'm not able to help you now, but I'm happy to take a look next week.
我现在没办法帮你，但是我很乐意下周帮你看看。
[典例] (2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)
Where is Barbara going tonight
A．To a gym.
B．To her grandma's.
C．To the doctor's.
[听力原文]
M：Barbara, do you want to play table tennis with us tonight
W：I'd love to, but I can't.I'm catching the last train to Denver to see my grandma.I need to take her to visit a doctor tomorrow morning.
[分析] 根据答语中的“I'd love to, but I can't.”可知，男士邀请女士今晚去打网球，女士拒绝了他的邀请。再根据女士说的话“I'm catching the last train to Denver to see my grandma.”可知，今晚她要赶火车去见她的祖母。由此可知，B项正确。
|多积主题表达|
1．trust each other 彼此信任
2．feel lonely 感到孤独
3．care about sb. 关心某人
4．show respect for sb. 尊重某人
5．be ready to help others 乐于助人
6．can't help doing sth. 忍不住做某事
7．be on good terms with sb. 与某人关系好
8．fit in with 与……一致/相处融洽
9．be concerned for/about 对……担心
10．make an apology to sb.for ... 为……向某人道歉
11．As the old saying goes, “A friend in need is a friend indeed.”
常言道，“患难见真情。”
12．It was your help and kindness that made my study and life in the UK special and enjoyable.
正是你的帮助和关怀让我在英国的学习和生活既特别又快乐。
13．I'm sorry to have quarrelled with you about knocking you down the day before yesterday.
我非常抱歉前天因撞倒你而与你吵架。
14．I make a sincere apology to you and hope that you will forgive me.
我真诚地向你道歉并希望你原谅我。
15．We must remember that only true friends will tell you the truth.
我们要记住，只有真正的朋友才会把实话告诉你。
新知深化学习
1．Prevented from playing her role in Riley's emotional development, Sadness feels annoyed.
由于无法在莱莉的情感发展过程中扮演她的角色，忧忧感到烦恼。
★annoyed adj.恼怒的，烦恼的
|用|法|感|知|
(“动作描写”佳句)Jim put his head in his hands, greatly annoyed.
吉姆双手抱头，十分生气。
(“情绪描写”佳句)I was annoyed at/about his attitude towards the thing.他对这件事的态度让我很恼火。
I was annoyed with him because he was supposed to take care of my dog, but he didn't.
我很生他的气，因为他本应该照顾我的狗，但他没有。
[归纳点拨]
be/get annoyed at/about ... 对……很生气
be/get annoyed with sb. 生某人的气
|应|用|融|会|
(1)单句语法填空
①That _________ cat makes me ________.(annoy)
②I was so annoyed _____ him for turning up late.
(2)替换加蓝词汇
③She tapped her forehead and looked angry with herself.________
annoying
annoyed
with
annoyed
2．When Riley moves to a new city, she has a hard time adjusting to her new surroundings.
当莱莉搬到一个新的城市时，她很难适应新环境。
★adjust v．适应，(使)习惯；调整，调节
|用|法|感|知|
However, I am sure that you will be able to adjust to the life here soon.
不过，我相信你很快就能适应这里的生活。
We have made an adjustment to our price and give you a special discount of 3%.
我们对价格作了调整，给你们百分之三的特别折扣。
[归纳点拨]
(1)adjust to 适应(to是介词)
adjust oneself to 调节自己以适应
(2)adjustment n. 调整；调节
make an adjustment to 对……做出调整
|应|用|融|会|
(单句语法填空)
①He found it hard to adjust to ________ (work) at night.
②After a short ____________ (adjust), she began the hard trip.
③Brought up in the countryside, he finds it hard to adjust _______ (he) to city life.
working
adjustment
himself
3．Sadness wants to do her duty but by accident causes the loss of Riley's happy core memories with Joy.
忧忧想要履行自己的职责，但却意外地让莱莉失去了和乐乐在一起的美好的核心记忆。
★accident n．意外事件，偶然因素
|用|法|感|知|
(“心理描写”佳句)Apparently Sue was too shocked by the accident to let out a word.
显然，苏对这一事故感到太震惊了，一句话也说不出来。
Unfortunately, I won't make it because I lost it by accident.
不幸的是，我做不到了，因为我不小心把它弄丢了。
When she faced the accidental injury, she also kept smiling and didn't give up.
当面对意外的伤害时，她仍然保持微笑，没有放弃。
归纳点拨 (1)a car accident 车祸
by accident 偶然，意外地
(2)accidental adj. 意外的，偶然的
名师点津 by accident的同义表达是by chance; 反义表达为 by design或on purpose。
|应|用|融|会|
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①I'm sure he ignored you ___ accident and not by design.
②Information must be stored so that it is safe from __________ (accident) deletion.
③As we all know, it was his carelessness _____________________
________.
我们都知道，正是他的粗心导致了这场车祸。
by
accidental
that resulted in the car
accident
4．Worried about her, Joy and Sadness try to work together to ensure she gets her core memories back.
因为担心她，乐乐和忧忧试图联合起来以确保她的核心记忆能够恢复。
★ensure v．确保，保证
|用|法|感|知|
In conclusion, to be honest will ensure you a happy life.
总之，诚实会确保你的幸福生活。
Insurance will ensure us from property loss.
保险可以使我们免受财产损失。
Please ensure that all lights are switched off.
请确保将所有的灯都关掉。
归纳点拨 ensure sb.sth. 向某人保证某事
ensure (that) ... 保证……
ensure sb.from ... 确保某人免受……
名师点津 前缀“en-”加在某些形容词前可以构成动词，意为“使……”，如：enable(使能够), enlarge (使扩大), enrich (使丰富), ennoble(使更高贵)等。
|应|用|融|会|
(1)单句语法填空/完成句子
①These are safety devices to ensure workers _____ accidents.
②This medicine will _____________________________.
这种药将保证你一整夜睡眠良好。
(2)替换加蓝词汇
③I can't make sure that he will help you.________
from
ensure you a good night's sleep
ensure
5．Try to forgive someone when they apologise.
当有些人道歉时尽量原谅他们。
★forgive v．原谅，宽恕
|用|法|感|知|
Fortunately, he forgave me for what I had done to him and said, “Oh, it doesn't matter.”幸运的是，他原谅了我对他所做的事，只是说了一句：“哦，没关系。”
(总结升华句)What happened today made me realize that forgiveness is a kind of virtue.
今天发生的事情让我意识到宽恕是一种美德。
[归纳点拨]
(1)forgive (sb.) sth. 原谅(某人)某事
forgive sb.for sth./doing sth. 原谅某人做了某事
forgive sb./sb.'s doing sth. 原谅某人做了某事
(2)forgiveness n. 原谅，宽恕
|应|用|融|会|
(单句语法填空)
①They forgave him for ______ (be) rude.
②I'm looking forward to your early reply and your ___________ (forgive) as well.
being
forgiveness
课时跟踪检测
Ⅰ.阅读理解
It's said that making friends gets harder when you get older.People settle into their existing friendships during childhood or at university.However，new research suggests that's not what happens.According to a recent survey, the age group that feels least confident in chatting to strangers is those aged 18 to 24.Similarly, it was found that 59% of Millennials spend more time chatting to friends on social media than they do seeing them in person.
Author and expert on friendship, Kate Leaver，said, “Young people are not confident when speaking to strangers not only because they're afraid of refusal, but also because they've really been socially conditioned not to.Previous generations had a much stronger sense of community in public，shared spaces.We don't have as much access to that because the way we structure our modern lives means we are less in touch with our communities.Shared public spaces like parks and libraries — places where people might get close to a stranger — are being shut down.”
Laura,27，hates meeting new people.The majority of her friends are from university days.“I'm pretty chatty and open when I get to know someone，but during that first meeting, I'm very shy.I get very anxious about what to talk about, and people judging me or just not understanding my sense of humor.”
But not all young people feel the same way.Hayley, 31, regularly meets people in unusual ways and makes friends with them.“I became good friends with someone who I met on the plane，” she said.“It just shows how you can really connect when you're offline.”
If you're comfortable with your present friendship situation, that's great.But, if you do want to enlarge your social circle, here are some tips.Avoid unpleasant silences by searching for people with common interests — join a book club or a local sports team.If it is too stressful，there are some friendship apps that you can use.Or，strike up a conversation with someone in a public place.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了通过研究表明，现在的很多年轻人陷入了交友困境中，并在最后给出建议，如果想要扩大交友圈，可以尝试加入兴趣相投的群体中去。
1．What can we get from the recent survey
A．Seniors prefer to make friends online.
B．Teens spend less time on friends than before.
C．Making friends gets harder when you're older.
D．Young people build relationships with difficulty.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中“According to a recent survey ... than they do seeing them in person.”可知，年轻人在建立关系时很困难。
√
2．The underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 probably refers to “ ”．
A．refusal
B．a stranger
C．the sense of community
D．the social condition
√
解析：代词指代题。根据第二段中“Previous generations ...shared spaces.”可知，前几代的人在公共场合和共享空间里都有很强的群体意识。根据“because the way we ...with our communities”可知，因为我们构造现代生活的方式意味着我们与群体接触更少了。由此可知，此处的“that”指的是“the sense of community”。
3．What problem does Laura have when socializing
A．She fails to contact her old friends.
B．She is skilled at making new friends.
C．She prefers to make new friends online.
D．She is unwilling to get close to new people.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中“but during that first meeting ...sense of humor”可知，劳拉在社交中的问题是，因为自己的担心害怕，而不愿意与刚认识的人亲近。
4．What does the author suggest in the last paragraph
A．Developing a sense of humor.
B．Enlarging friend circles offline.
C．Joining groups with shared interests.
D．Keeping strong ties with old friends.
√
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Avoid unpleasant silences by searching for people with common interests”以及后文举的一些例子可知，作者在最后一段建议：想要扩大社交圈，可以选择加入有着共同兴趣爱好的群体。
Ⅱ.完形填空
Eugenie George was a financial writer and educator from Philadelphia.When she first heard that her friend Jean passed a financial counseling exam, her heart 5 .She'd failed the same test weeks earlier, and she 6 the certificate to advance her career.
But then, instead of being 7 ， she called Jean.“I told her I failed and 8 I was envious(嫉妒的)，” she said.George hoped that being honest would 9 her envy and she was surprised that when she shifted her 10 she could share her friend's happiness and experience her own, in turn.“I congratulated her and told her she 11 me，” she said.Jean was impressed by George's honesty and 12 that George would share her joy.Jean expressed her gratitude and shared with
George her 13 in preparing for the exam and offered some practical methods.“You can 14 me whenever in need.And I am 15 sure that you can do it next time，” Jean told George.Although the two were in different states talking on the phone, they felt they had never been so 16 .
Finding pleasure in another person's good 17 will make the relationship more close and enjoyable. 18 someone else's joy can also develop resilience (适应力), improve life 19 and help people cooperate during a conflict.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过一件事告诉读者：从另一个人的好运中寻找快乐会使人与人之间的关系更加亲密和愉快。
5．A.flew B．rose
C．swam D．sank
解析：根据下文“She'd failed the same test weeks earlier”可知，George之前在同样的测试中没有通过，所以对比朋友通过测试，她的情绪是消沉的、低落的。sink“沉没；(情绪)消沉”。故选D。
√
6．A.bought B．needed
C．concentrated D．divided
解析：根据下文“the certificate to advance her career”可知，要让她的事业进步，George需要通过这个测试获得证书。故选B。
√
7．A. upset B．anxious
C．pleased D．scared
解析：根据上文可知，她在同样的测试中失败，因而情绪低落。故选A。
√
8．A.advised B．admitted
C．permitted D．requested
解析：根据上文“I told her I failed”和下文“I was envious”可知，George告诉Jean，她没能通过测试，她对Jean所取得的成绩是嫉妒的，所以此处指她承认自己嫉妒Jean的成绩。故选B。
√
9．A.increase B．strengthen
C．reduce D．influence
解析：根据“being honest”可知，这里指George希望诚实会减少她的嫉妒。故选C。
√
10．A.direction B．aim
C．signal D．attitude
解析：根据上文“instead of being ”和“I told her I failed and
I was envious”可知，这里描述George面对朋友Jean通过考试后自己态度的转变。故选D。
√
11．A.hurt B．attracted
C．encouraged D．annoyed
解析：根据上文“she was surprised that when she shifted her
she could share her friend's happiness and experience her own, in turn”可知，这里指她在分享朋友的快乐的同时也体验到了自己的快乐，即朋友的好运鼓励了她。 故选C。
√
12．A. appreciated B．realized
C．praised D．doubted
解析：根据下文“Jean expressed her gratitude”可知，此处表示Jean对George分享自己的快乐是感激的。故选A。
√
13．A.fear B．experience
C．journey D．concern
解析：根据下文“and offered some practical methods”可知，这里是指Jean把她在准备考试时的经验分享给了George。故选B。
√
14．A.refer to B．agree with
C．compete with D．turn to
解析：根据下文“whenever in need”可知，这里指Jean告诉George，当她需要帮助时，自己会施以援手。refer to“提到，指的是，参考”；agree with“同意”；compete with“与……竞争”；turn to“向……寻求帮助”。故选D。
√
15．A. certainly B．eventually
C．immediately D．hardly
解析：根据下文“sure that you can do it next time”可知，Jean对于George下次能通过财政咨询考试是充满信心的，即是肯定地。故选A。
√
16．A.kind B．gentle
C．close D．secure
解析：根据下文“Finding pleasure in another person's good will make the relationship more close and enjoyable.”可知，这里指两人此刻感觉到彼此的关系如此亲密。故选C。
√
17．A.purpose B．fortune
C．impression D．strategy
解析：根据上文中叙述George从朋友Jean通过测试的喜悦中分享快乐的故事可推知，通过测试即是Jean的好运。故选B。
√
18．A.Recognizing B．Showing
C．Sharing D．Adjusting
解析：根据上文“she could share her friend's happiness and experience her own”可知，在分享朋友的快乐的同时，也促使自己体验到了属于自己的快乐。故选C。
√
19．A.application B．tradition
C．profession D．satisfaction
解析：根据上文“she could share her friend's happiness and experience her own”和下文“and help people cooperate during a conflict”可知，在分享朋友的快乐的同时，也促使自己体验到了属于自己的快乐，即这也促进了自己对生活的满意度。application“申请”；tradition“传统”；profession“专业”；satisfaction“满意”。故选D。
√
Ⅲ.语法填空
Are you a good judge of character Can you make 1 accurate judgement of someone's personality 2 (base) only on your first impression of them Ironically, the answer 3 (lie) as much in them as it does in you.
Henry Adams, a US psychologist.His research concluded that people fell into two groups — good judges of themselves and good judges of others.Most of us would probably be able to 4 (accurate) identify these signs, even in a stranger.As such, most of us are probably good judges of emotion.
In order to be a good judge of personality, a person needs to be a “good target”．“Good targets” are people 5 reveal relevant and useful cues to their personality.So this means “the good judge” will only manifest when 6 (read) “good targets”．This is according 7 Rogers and Biesanz in their 2019 journal entitled Reassessing the Good Judge of Personality. “We found consistent, clear and strong evidence 8 the good judge does exist”， they concluded.The good judge does not have magical gifts of perception — they are simply able to “detect information 9 (provide) by the good target”．
And now we know that good judges probably do exist.In the future, more research 10 (do) into how they read personality, what kind of people they are — and whether their skills can be taught.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。你能仅仅根据第一印象就对他人的性格做出准确的判断吗？文章针对这个问题作出了阐述。
1．an 考查冠词。 空处修饰名词judgement，表示泛指，且位于发音以元音音素开头的形容词accurate前，故填不定冠词an。
2．based 考查非谓语动词。此处考查固定短语(be) based on “基于……”，故用其过去分词形式，在句中作状语。
3．lies 考查时态和主谓一致。空处在句中作谓语动词，描述客观事实，且主语the answer是第三人称单数，故填lies。
4．accurately 考查副词。空处在不定式结构中修饰动词identify，故用副词形式。
5．who 考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词people，且在从句中作主语，故填关系代词who。
6．reading 考查非谓语动词。此处为when引导的状语从句的省略形式，read与逻辑主语the good judge之间为主谓关系，故用现在分词reading。
7．to 考查介词。此处考查固定搭配according to“根据……”。
8．that 考查同位语从句。the good judge does exist为同位语从句，解释说明evidence的具体内容，从句句意完整且不缺成分，故用that引导。
9．provided 考查非谓语动词。本句话的主干句为they are simply able to detect, provide在句中修饰名词 information，且两者之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。
10．will be done 考查时态和语态。根据本句时间标志词In the future可知，应用一般将来时，再因主语 more research 与谓语动词 do 之间构成被动关系，故用一般将来时的被动语态。UNIT 1 课时检测(三) Using language
Ⅰ.阅读理解
It's said that making friends gets harder when you get older.People settle into their existing friendships during childhood or at university.However，new research suggests that's not what happens.According to a recent survey, the age group that feels least confident in chatting to strangers is those aged 18 to 24.Similarly, it was found that 59% of Millennials spend more time chatting to friends on social media than they do seeing them in person.
Author and expert on friendship, Kate Leaver，said, “Young people are not confident when speaking to strangers not only because they're afraid of refusal, but also because they've really been socially conditioned not to.Previous generations had a much stronger sense of community in public，shared spaces.We don't have as much access to that because the way we structure our modern lives means we are less in touch with our communities.Shared public spaces like parks and libraries — places where people might get close to a stranger — are being shut down.”
Laura,27，hates meeting new people.The majority of her friends are from university days.“I'm pretty chatty and open when I get to know someone，but during that first meeting, I'm very shy.I get very anxious about what to talk about, and people judging me or just not understanding my sense of humor.”
But not all young people feel the same way.Hayley, 31, regularly meets people in unusual ways and makes friends with them.“I became good friends with someone who I met on the plane，” she said.“It just shows how you can really connect when you're offline.”
If you're comfortable with your present friendship situation, that's great.But, if you do want to enlarge your social circle, here are some tips.Avoid unpleasant silences by searching for people with common interests — join a book club or a local sports team.If it is too stressful，there are some friendship apps that you can use.Or，strike up a conversation with someone in a public place.
1．What can we get from the recent survey
A．Seniors prefer to make friends online.
B．Teens spend less time on friends than before.
C．Making friends gets harder when you're older.
D．Young people build relationships with difficulty.
2．The underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 probably refers to “________”．
A．refusal
B．a stranger
C．the sense of community
D．the social condition
3．What problem does Laura have when socializing
A．She fails to contact her old friends.
B．She is skilled at making new friends.
C．She prefers to make new friends online.
D．She is unwilling to get close to new people.
4．What does the author suggest in the last paragraph
A．Developing a sense of humor.
B．Enlarging friend circles offline.
C．Joining groups with shared interests.
D．Keeping strong ties with old friends.
Ⅱ.完形填空
Eugenie George was a financial writer and educator from Philadelphia.When she first heard that her friend Jean passed a financial counseling exam, her heart __5__.She'd failed the same test weeks earlier, and she __6__ the certificate to advance her career.
But then, instead of being __7__， she called Jean.“I told her I failed and __8__ I was envious(嫉妒的)，” she said.George hoped that being honest would __9__ her envy and she was surprised that when she shifted her __10__ she could share her friend's happiness and experience her own, in turn.“I congratulated her and told her she __11___ me，” she said.Jean was impressed by George's honesty and __12__ that George would share her joy.Jean expressed her gratitude and shared with George her __13__ in preparing for the exam and offered some practical methods.“You can __14__ me whenever in need.And I am __15__ sure that you can do it next time，” Jean told George.Although the two were in different states talking on the phone, they felt they had never been so __16__.
Finding pleasure in another person's good __17__ will make the relationship more close and enjoyable. __18__ someone else's joy can also develop resilience (适应力), improve life __19__ and help people cooperate during a conflict.
5．A.flew B．rose
C．swam D．sank
6．A.bought B．needed
C．concentrated D．divided
7．A.upset B．anxious
C．pleased D．scared
8．A.advised B．admitted
C．permitted D．requested
9．A.increase B．strengthen
C．reduce D．influence
10．A.direction B．aim
C．signal D．attitude
11．A.hurt B．attracted
C．encouraged D．annoyed
12．A.appreciated B．realized
C．praised D．doubted
13．A.fear B．experience
C．journey D．concern
14．A.refer to B．agree with
C．compete with D．turn to
15．A.certainly B．eventually
C．immediately D．hardly
16．A.kind B．gentle
C．close D．secure
17．A.purpose B．fortune
C．impression D．strategy
18．A.Recognizing B．Showing
C．Sharing D．Adjusting
19．A.application B．tradition
C．profession D．satisfaction
Ⅲ.语法填空
Are you a good judge of character Can you make__1__ accurate judgement of someone's personality __2__ (base) only on your first impression of them Ironically, the answer __3__ (lie) as much in them as it does in you.
Henry Adams, a US psychologist.His research concluded that people fell into two groups — good judges of themselves and good judges of others.Most of us would probably be able to__4__ (accurate) identify these signs, even in a stranger.As such, most of us are probably good judges of emotion.
In order to be a good judge of personality, a person needs to be a “good target”．“Good targets” are people __5__ reveal relevant and useful cues to their personality.So this means “the good judge” will only manifest when __6__ (read) “good targets”．This is according __7__ Rogers and Biesanz in their 2019 journal entitled Reassessing the Good Judge of Personality. “We found consistent, clear and strong evidence __8__ the good judge does exist”， they concluded.The good judge does not have magical gifts of perception — they are simply able to “detect information __9__ (provide) by the good target”．
And now we know that good judges probably do exist.In the future, more research___10___ (do) into how they read personality, what kind of people they are — and whether their skills can be taught.
UNIT 1 课时检测(三)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了通过研究表明，现在的很多年轻人陷入了交友困境中，并在最后给出建议，如果想要扩大交友圈，可以尝试加入兴趣相投的群体中去。
1．选D 细节理解题。根据第一段中“According to a recent survey ...than they do seeing them in person.”可知，年轻人在建立关系时很困难。
2．选C 代词指代题。根据第二段中“Previous generations ...shared spaces.”可知，前几代的人在公共场合和共享空间里都有很强的群体意识。根据“because the way we ...with our communities”可知，因为我们构造现代生活的方式意味着我们与群体接触更少了。由此可知，此处的“that”指的是“the sense of community”。
3．选D 细节理解题。根据第三段中“but during that first meeting ...sense of humor”可知，劳拉在社交中的问题是，因为自己的担心害怕，而不愿意与刚认识的人亲近。
4．选C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Avoid unpleasant silences by searching for people with common interests”以及后文举的一些例子可知，作者在最后一段建议：想要扩大社交圈，可以选择加入有着共同兴趣爱好的群体。
Ⅱ.完形填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过一件事告诉读者：从另一个人的好运中寻找快乐会使人与人之间的关系更加亲密和愉快。
5．选D 根据下文“She'd failed the same test weeks earlier”可知，George之前在同样的测试中没有通过，所以对比朋友通过测试，她的情绪是消沉的、低落的。sink“沉没；(情绪)消沉”。故选D。
6．选B 根据下文“the certificate to advance her career”可知，要让她的事业进步，George需要通过这个测试获得证书。故选B。
7．选A 根据上文可知，她在同样的测试中失败，因而情绪低落。故选A。
8．选B 根据上文“I told her I failed”和下文“I was envious”可知，George告诉Jean，她没能通过测试，她对Jean所取得的成绩是嫉妒的，所以此处指她承认自己嫉妒Jean的成绩。故选B。
9．选C 根据“being honest”可知，这里指George希望诚实会减少她的嫉妒。故选C。
10．选D 根据上文“instead of being ______”和“I told her I failed and ________ I was envious”可知，这里描述George面对朋友Jean通过考试后自己态度的转变。故选D。
11．选C 根据上文“she was surprised that when she shifted her ________ she could share her friend's happiness and experience her own, in turn”可知，这里指她在分享朋友的快乐的同时也体验到了自己的快乐，即朋友的好运鼓励了她。 故选C。
12．选A 根据下文“Jean expressed her gratitude”可知，此处表示Jean对George分享自己的快乐是感激的。故选A。
13．选B 根据下文“and offered some practical methods”可知，这里是指Jean把她在准备考试时的经验分享给了George。故选B。
14．选D 根据下文“whenever in need”可知，这里指Jean告诉George，当她需要帮助时，自己会施以援手。refer to“提到，指的是，参考”；agree with“同意”；compete with“与……竞争”；turn to“向……寻求帮助”。故选D。
15．选A 根据下文“sure that you can do it next time”可知，Jean对于George下次能通过财政咨询考试是充满信心的，即是肯定地。故选A。
16．选C 根据下文“Finding pleasure in another person's good ________ will make the relationship more close and enjoyable.”可知，这里指两人此刻感觉到彼此的关系如此亲密。故选C。
17．选B 根据上文中叙述George从朋友Jean通过测试的喜悦中分享快乐的故事可推知，通过测试即是Jean的好运。故选B。
18．选C 根据上文“she could share her friend's happiness and experience her own”可知，在分享朋友的快乐的同时，也促使自己体验到了属于自己的快乐。故选C。
19．选D 根据上文“she could share her friend's happiness and experience her own”和下文“and help people cooperate during a conflict”可知，在分享朋友的快乐的同时，也促使自己体验到了属于自己的快乐，即这也促进了自己对生活的满意度。application“申请”；tradition“传统”；profession“专业”；satisfaction“满意”。故选D。
Ⅲ.语法填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。你能仅仅根据第一印象就对他人的性格做出准确的判断吗？文章针对这个问题作出了阐述。
1．an 考查冠词。 空处修饰名词judgement，表示泛指，且位于发音以元音音素开头的形容词accurate前，故填不定冠词an。
2．based 考查非谓语动词。此处考查固定短语(be) based on “基于……”，故用其过去分词形式，在句中作状语。
3．lies 考查时态和主谓一致。空处在句中作谓语动词，描述客观事实，且主语the answer是第三人称单数，故填lies。
4．accurately 考查副词。空处在不定式结构中修饰动词identify，故用副词形式。
5．who 考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词people，且在从句中作主语，故填关系代词who。
6．reading 考查非谓语动词。此处为when引导的状语从句的省略形式，read与逻辑主语the good judge之间为主谓关系，故用现在分词reading。
7．to 考查介词。此处考查固定搭配according to“根据……”。
8．that 考查同位语从句。the good judge does exist为同位语从句，解释说明evidence的具体内容，从句句意完整且不缺成分，故用that引导。
9．provided 考查非谓语动词。本句话的主干句为they are simply able to detect, provide在句中修饰名词 information，且两者之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。
10．will be done 考查时态和语态。根据本句时间标志词In the future可知，应用一般将来时，再因主语 more research 与谓语动词 do 之间构成被动关系，故用一般将来时的被动语态。
