/ 让学习更有效 新课预习衔接 | 英语学科
2025年冀教版(2024)新七年级英语上册精讲精练
Unit 3 All about me
核心语法:定语从句
一、定义
定语从句是 修饰名词或代词 的从句,相当于一个"形容词",用于 补充说明先行词 的特征或性质。
结构:先行词 + 关系词 + 从句
二、关系词的选择
关系词 用法 例句
who 指人(主语/宾语) The girl who is singing is my sister.
whom 指人(宾语,可省略) The boy (whom) you met is Tom.
which 指物(主语/宾语) The book which is on the desk is mine.
that 指人或物(通用) The dog that barks loudly is scary.
whose 表示所属关系 The student whose bag is red is Lucy.
三、基本句型结构
1. 限定性定语从句(无逗号)
指人:
The teacher who teaches us English is kind.
The man (that) you saw is my uncle.
指物:
The house which has a blue roof is old.
The movie (that) we watched was exciting.
2. 非限定性定语从句(有逗号,七年级了解即可)
My brother, who lives in Shanghai, is a doctor.
四、易错点与注意事项
1、关系词选择错误
The book who is interesting is on the desk. → which/that
2、从句谓语动词单复数
由先行词决定:
The girl who is tall is my friend.
The girls who are tall are my friends.
3、关系词作宾语时可省略
The song (that) you like is popular.
4、whose的特殊用法
The dog whose tail is short is cute.
1.This is the most interesting photo ________ I took in Hainan last year.
A.that B.who C.what D.which
2.Du Fuguo is a hero ________ is known to millions of Chinese people.
A.who B.which C.what
3.Yesterday I helped an old man lost his way.
A.when B.which C.who
4. Nobody will make friends with the person ____ is dishonest.
A.who B.whom C.which
5.I shall never forget those days _______ I lived on the farm with the local farmers.
A.that B.when C.which D.where
6.My parents will bring me to visit my uncle and Disneyland _________ are in HongKong.
A.where B.which C.who D.that
7.My cousin likes to read magazines ____________________. He can get some ideas about which places to travel.
A.that talk about popular cartoons
B.that explain science experiments
C.which tell stories of famous people
D.which introduce wonders of the world
8.Helping others is a habit, _________ you can learn even at an early age.
A.which B.that C.what D.when
9. —How exciting the speech is!
—Pretty good! This is the best speech ____ I've ever heard.
A.which B.that C.who
10.We will never forget those happiest days _______ we spent on the summer camp.
A.which B.that C.when D.on which
11.—Please tell me something about Yang Liwei.
—He is a great astronaut of ________ all the Chinese are proud.
A.that B.whose C.who D.whom
12.The writer and his novel you have just talked about are really well-known.
A.that B.which C.who
13.Is there anything ________ I can do for you all
A.what B.that C.which D.it
14.Running man is a very relaxing TV program is hot among the young people.
A.what B.whom C.who D.which
15. I was looking for the book ____ I borrowed yesterday.
A.who B.which C.what
16.When you read the book, you'd better make a mark _______ you have any questions.
A.at which B.at where
C.the place where D.where
17.—Do you know the story of Zhang Dingyu________ is having ALS (渐冻人症)
—Of course. Even so, he still chooses to help save more lives.
A.who B.whom C.whose
18.I love people _______ are polite and hard-working.
A.what B.who C.whose
19. A good friend is a person ____ can share happiness and pain with you.
A.that B.whom C.which
20.The two boys ______ play the piano well are my cousins.
A.which B.what C.whom D.who
21.I want to visit a place is famous for its scenery.
A.which B.where C.when D.who
22.I don't know the reason ________ he didn't agree to go with us.
A.when B.why C.which D.where
23.— Did you see the film “ The Founding of A Republic”
— Yes, I think it is the best film has been shown this year.
A.that B.what C.who D.when
24.There are many famous paintings painted by Leonardo Da Vinci in the museum, as you know, _____ we will visit tomorrow.
A.where B.who C.which
25.He talked a lot about things and persons ________ they remembered in the school.
A.which B.that C.whom D.what
26.This is one of the most amazing novels I have seen.
A.that B.which C.who D.what
27.We will never forget the heroes ________ have made large contributions to our country.
A.whom B.that C.which
28.—Do you know everybody________ came to the party
—No, I don't know the one ________ you had a long talk with.
A./; whom B.which; that C.that; which D.who; /
29.We need a headmaster_______.
A.whom everyone has confidence B.in whom everyone has confidence
C.that everyone has confidence D.in who everyone has confidence
30.All the classmates enjoyed the cake ________ I made at the party. It was really delicious.
A.that B.who C.what
31.The first thing ________you should do is to quit smoking.
A.which B.whom C.what D.that
32. Is there anything _______to you
A.that is belong B.that belong
C.that belongs D.which belongs
33.It's time to say goodbye to my school. I'll always remember the people ____have helped me.
A.who B.what C.which D.where
34.—What are you looking for
—The only book ____my teacher lent me yesterday.
A.which B.that C.不填 D.A ,B and C
35.—Please say something about Zheng He.
—Oh! He is the Ming dynasty explorer of ______ all the Chinese are proud.
A.who B.whom C.whose D.that
36.— Have you found the information is about President Xi's visit to Russia
— Not yet. I will surf the Internet.
A.who B.what C.whom D.which
37.The TV play My Love From the Star is the only program ___________ I watched this month.
A.who B.that C.where D.when
38.The boy ________father is a doctor is learning English by himself.
A.who B.that C.whose
39.—Dad, why does Grandpa always talk about in the old days
—Because they helped him a lot when he was in trouble.
A. the places which he visited
B.the people who he worked with
C.the vegetables that he planted
D.the activities that he took part in
40.Tom doesn't like the baby _________always likes crying.
A.which B.whom C.who
41.Jane is one of the students in the class ______have ever been to China.
A.who B.whose C.which D.whom
42.Great changes have taken place in our city these years. Everything __________ comes into sight is so new to me.
A.that B.which C.who D.whom
43.Why do you want a new job you've got such a good one already
A.that B.where C.which D.when
44. I can't stop thinking of my grandma____told stories to me every night when I was a tiny girl.
A.which B.who C.what D.whom
45.— Do you enjoy My Motherland and Me
— Yes, I prefer songs________great lyrics.
A.which has B.who has C.that have D.what have
46.I lost a book, ______ I can't remember now.
A.whose title B.its title
C.the title of it D.the title of that
47.Lucy is the girl ________ taught me how to use the computer
A.whom B.which C.who
48.I don't know the girl ________ is standing at the gate.
A.不填 B.which C.that D.whom
49.I saw the dog along with a girl ______was the only guide dog in our city.
A.who B.which C.whom D.What
50.The engineer ______ my father works is about 50 years old.
A.to whom B.on whom C.with which D.with whom
参考答案及试题解析
1.A
【解析】句意:这是我去年在海南照的最有趣的一张照片。that, who, which都可以引导定语从句,都是关系代词,who引导定语从句时,先行词是人,所以先排除。这个定语从句的先行词是the most interesting photo,有形容词最高级所修饰,这时只能用that引导定语从句,不能用which,故应选A。what不能引导定语从句。
【点评】本题是定语从句的考查。难点在于先行词被最高级修饰,不能用which,这是定语从句里面的重要知识点。注意对定语从句的理解和应用。
2.A
【解析】句意:杜富国是数百万中国人民都知道的英雄。定语从句,先行词是a hero,指人,用who,故选A。
【点评】考查定语从句,注意根据先行词判断关系词的用法。
3.C
【解析】句意:昨天我帮助了一个迷路的老人。分析句式可知lost his way 是定语从句,先行词是an old man,关系代词可用who或that,故选C。
【点评】考查定语从句的引导词。当先行词是人的时候,关系代词可用who或that。
4.A
【解析】句意:没有人会和不诚实的人交朋友。结合题干语句Nobody will make friends with the person……is dishonest.可知此句是含有定语从句的复合句。the person是先行词,先行词是人,作主语,排除C选项which (先行词是物) ; the person在定语从句中做主语,排除B选项whom (先行词在定语从句中做宾语) ; A选项who (先行词是人,在定语从句中做主语或宾语)。故选A。
【点评】考查定语从句的关系词。注意引导词who与whom的区别。
5.B
【解析】句意:我永远不会忘记和当地农民住在农场的那些日子。根据句子结构,可知是定语从句,修饰days,且引导词在从句中做时间状语,应填时间副词when,故选B。
【点评】考查定语从句,注意识记定语从句关系副词的用法。
6.D
【解析】句意:我父母会带我去拜访我叔叔和香港的迪士尼乐园。结合题干My parents will bring me to visit my uncle and Disneyland…are in HongKong可知,此句是含有定语从句的复合句,先行词即有人又有物,关系代词要用that,故答案为D。
【点评】考查定语从句的关系词。注意关系代词that,which,who的基本用法。
7.D
【解析】句意:我的表哥喜欢读介绍世界奇观的杂志, 他可以得到一些关于去哪些地方旅游的想法。 A. 谈论流行漫画 ;B. 解释科学实验 ;C. 讲述名人的故事 ;D. 介绍世界奇观 。分析句子结构可知,此处是定语从句,根据 He can get some ideas about which places to travel. 可知,此处指的是介绍世界奇观的杂志,故选D。
【点评】考查定语从句。注意根据语境选择正确的选项。
8.A
【解析】句意:帮助别人是一个习惯,甚至在你很小的时候你都能学会。which关系代词,引导非限制性定语从句;that关系代词,可以引导限制性定语从句,但是不能引导非限制性定语从句;what什么,不能引导定语从句;when什么时候。这里是非限制性定语从句,从句中缺少宾语,指代前文的句子,应选A。
9.B
【解析】句意:——这个演讲多激动人心啊!——很好!这是我曾听过的最好的演讲。根据观察和分析可知题干包含定语从句。先行词是speech,空格上应填一个代替先行词且在从句中作宾语的关系代词。which在引导的定语从句中作主语或宾语,指代物;that在引导的定语从句中作主语或宾语,指代人或物;who在引导的定语从句中作主语或宾语,指代人;先行词被形容词最高级修饰时,用that引导定语从句。故选:B。
【点评】考查定语从句。解答本题要首先分析定语从句所缺的成分,再结合所给选项的意思和用法选出正确答案。
10.B
【解析】句意为:我们绝不会忘记那段在夏令营度过的最开心的日子。在定语从句中,当先行词被序数词、最高级等修饰时,引导词应用that。根据语境可知应选B。
【点评】考查定语从句。
11.D
【解析】句意:——请跟我讲些杨利伟的事。——他是所有中国人感到骄傲的一名伟大的宇航员。这是一个定语从句,先行词是astronaut,因为介词of提前,只能用whom作介词的宾语,故选D。
【点评】考查介词+关系代词的用法。
12.A
【解析】句意:你刚才提到的那位作家和他的小说非常有名。定语从句中先行词指的是人关系词用that或者who;先行词是物时关系词用that/which。先行词既有人也有物,关系词用that,writer作家,指的是人,novel小说,指的是物,所以用that,故选A。
【点评】考查定语从句,注意根据先行词确定关系词。
13.B
【解析】 句意:我能为你们做些什么吗?定语从句考查,先行词是不定代词,关系代词只用that。故选B。
【点评】考查定语从句,注意关系代词that的用法。
14.D
【解析】句意:Running man是一个非常放松的电视节目,在年轻人中很流行。分析题干可知“ is hot among the young people”是定语从句,先行词是前面指物的名词 program,在句中做主语。what不能引导定语从句;which指物;who与whom均指人。故答案选D。
【点评】此题考查定语从句的用法。
15.B
【解析】句意:我正在找我昨天借的那本书。在这个句子中,"____ I borrowed yesterday"是一个定语从句,用来修饰先行词"the book"。在定语从句中,我们需要选择一个关系代词来引导从句并代替先行词在从句中充当一个成分。A选项"who"是一个关系代词,通常用于指代人。但在这个句子中,先行词是"the book",是一个物,所以"who"不合适。B选项"which"是一个关系代词,可以用于指代物,并在从句中作宾语。在这个句子中,"which"指代"the book"并在从句中作"borrowed"的宾语,所以"which"是正确的选择。C选项"what"通常用于引导名词性从句,而不是定语从句。在这个句子中,我们需要的是一个关系代词来引导定语从句,因此"what"不合适。故选B。
【点评】考查定语从句。注意判断定语从句引导词的方法。
16.D
【解析】句意: 当你读这本书的时候,你最好在有任何问题的地方做一个标记。此处是定语从句,从句中缺少地点状语,用where连接,相当于at the place where,故选D。
【点评】考查定语从句。注意where连接定语从句的用法。
17.A
【解析】句意:——你知道张定宇患了渐冻人症的故事吗?——当然。即便如此,他依然选择帮助挽救更多的生命。分析句子结构可知,先行词为“Zhang Dingyu”,且在从句中作主语,需用who引导。故选A。
【点评】考查定语从句,首先识记关系词who、whom和whose区别,然后根据句子结构确定。
18.B
【解析】句意:我喜欢有礼貌而且勤勉的人。这是一个定语从句,先行词是people,指人,所以用who。what不引导定语从句;whose表示所属关系。故答案为B。
【点评】考查定语从句关系词的选择。定语从句的引导词也叫关系词,关系词的判断依据有两点:1.先行词;2.关系词在从句中的功能。先行词指人时,关系词用who/that,在从句中作主语或宾语,充当宾语时可用whom,也可以省略;先行词指物时关系词用which/that,在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可以省略。
19.A
【解析】句意:一个好朋友是一个能与你一起分享欢乐与痛苦的人。A引导定语从句,可以指代人或者物,在从句中做主语,B引导定语从句,在从句中作宾语,指代人,C引导定语从句指代物。先行词是person在从句中做主语,所以用关系代词that,故选A。
【点评】考查定语从句,深入学习语法知识,了解各种语法点的用法和区别。通过大量的练习来巩固单选题的解题能力。
20.D
【解析】句意:那两个钢琴弹得好的男孩是我的堂兄弟。A.哪个,关系代词;B.什么;C.谁,关系代词,在定语从句作宾语;D.谁,关系代词,在定语从句中作主语。结合本题,空后为一个定语从句,先行词the two boys,人,在定语从句中作主语,关系代词用who,结合选项,故选D。
【点评】考查代词辨析。注意定语从句的用法。
21.A
【解析】句意:我想去参观一个因景色而著名的地方。首先分析句子结构, 本句中的“ is famous for its scenery”在复合句中作定语从句, 由于先行词 place 为下文定语从句的逻辑主语, 且指物, 所以引导定语从句的关系代词用that或者which, 故选A。
【点评】关系代词
22.B
【解析】句意:我不知道他不同意和我们一起去的原因。定语从句中缺少状语,先行词是reason,故关系副词是why,表示原因,故选B。
【点评】考查定语从句,注意识记关系副词why的用法。
23.A
【解析】句意:—你看过电影《建国大业》吗?—是的,我认为这部电影是今年上映的最好的一部电影。此题考查定语从句,因为先行词是film,且前面有最高级修饰,故用that。根据句意,应选A。
24.C
【解析】句意:如你所知,在我们明天将要参观的博物馆里有许多达·芬奇画的著名画作。A.where,哪里;B.who,谁;C.which,哪一个;“ ,as you know,”在句中作插入语,“……we will visit tomorrow.”是定语从句,先行词是museum,在定语从句中做visit的宾语,是物,因此引导词用which,故选C。
【点评】考查定语从句。掌握定语从句的结构及确定引导词的方法。
25.B
【解析】things和persons是先行词.当定语从句要修饰的先行词是既表示人,又表示物的名词时,其关系代词要用that.
【点评】考查定语从句。
26.A
【解析】句意:这是我看过的最精彩的小说之一。A.定语从句中指代物/人,B.定语从句中指代物,C.定语从句中指代人,D.指代物(用于宾语从句)。根据先行词the most amazing novels,先行词前含有最高级,关系代词只能用that。故选A。
【点评】考查定语从句。注意定语从句中,先行词前含有最高级,关系代词只能用that。
27.B
【解析】句意:我们永远不会忘记为国家做出巨大贡献的英雄们。whom指人,在从句中作宾语;that既可指人又可指物,在从句作主语或宾语;which指物,在从句中作主语或宾语。此句是定语从句,先行词heroes指人,在从句中作主语,用关系词that或who,故选B。
【点评】考查定语从句。注意根据先行词确定关系词,理解句意。
28.D
【解析】句意:——你认识每个来参加聚会的人吗?——不,我不认识那个和你谈了很久的人。根据句子结构,可知是定语从句,先行词everybody,为人,在从句came to the party中作主语,修饰人,作主语,用who或者that引导,不能省略;第二空,先行词是the one,在从句you had a long talk with中作介词with的宾语,修饰人作宾语,用that或者whom引导,且可以省略,故选D。
【点评】考查定语从句。注意识记定语从句关系词的用法。
29.B
【解析】句意:我们需要一位每个人都能信任的校长。定语从句,先行词是
a headmaster,所以关系词用
that或who 引导,在句中做宾语。由
句中的 has confidence in可知,
此处的who等于
in whom,
故选B。
【点评】考查定语从句,注意in whom引导从句的用法。
30.A
【解析】句意:所有的同学们都喜欢我在聚会做的蛋糕。它真的很好吃。根据句子结构这是一个含有定语从句的主从复合句,先行词the cake,指物,在从句中作宾语,关系词用that或which,故选A。
【点评】此题考查定语从句。注意定语从句的关系词的使用。
31.D
【解析】句意:你应该做的第一件事就是戒烟。A.which关系代词,指物;B.whom关系代词,作宾语;C.what不引导宾语从句;D.that关系代词,指人或物。先行词"The first thing"指物,且有first修饰时,关系代词用that。故选D。
【点评】考查定语从句。注意识记定语从句中关系代词的使用方法。
32.C
【解析】句意:有什么属于你的东西吗 定语从句的先行词是不定代词时,关系词只能用that。 sth. belongs to sb,某物属于某人,是一个固定结构。故选C。
33.A
【解析】句意:到时间与我的学校说再见了。我会一直记着这里曾经帮助过我的人。分析:考查定语从句,先行词为the people,先行词在从句中做主语,因此用引导词who.故选 A
【点评】 考查定语从句的用法。
34.B
【解析】句意:——你在找什么?——我老师昨天借给我的唯一一本书。定语从句,先行词指的是物,关系词用that/which,先行词前面有only修饰时关系词用that,做主语时不能省略。book做主语,所以用that,故选B。
【点评】考查定语从句,首先识记which和that区别,然后根据关键词only和句子成分语结构确定。
35.B
【解析】句意:——请你说说郑和。——哦,他是所有中国人都为之感到骄傲的明朝探险家。结合语境可知本句中人称代词指代的是前文的the Ming dynasty explorer,指人,做介词宾语,故用宾格形式,故选B。
【点评】考查定语从句
36.D
【解析】句意:——你找到关于习主席出访俄罗斯的信息了吗?——还没有,我将在网上找。本句中先行词the information为下文定语从句的逻辑主语,指物,故引导词应用that或者which,故选D。
【点评】考查定语从句中的关系代词。指代物时用which /that。
37.B
【解析】句意:电视剧《来自星星的你》是这个月我唯一看过的节目。先行词前有the only修饰,关系代词用that。故选B。
【点评】考查定语从句关系代词的特殊用法。如果能记住用法,可以直接选出答案。
38.C
【解析】句意:他爸爸是医生的那个男孩正在自学英语。空格处在句中引导定语从句,且引导词在从句中作定语,故用 whose。
【点评】考查定语从句。注意定语从句中引导词的用法。
39.B
【解析】句意:——爸爸,为什么爷爷总是谈论他以前工作的人?——因为在他有困难的时候他们帮了他很多。根据上下文逻辑关系,后句重点表示帮助他的人,因此前句应为who引导的定语从句,先行词the people,关系词who在从句中做宾语。故选B。
【点评】考查定语从句。弄清句意和各选项意思,结合上下文语境,选择正确答案。
40.C
【解析】句意:汤姆不喜欢那个总是爱哭的婴儿。句子是定语从句,先行词是人时,做主语时,关系词用who,作宾语时,关系词用whom;先行词是物时,关系词用which。baby指的是人,并且在句子中做主语,所以用who,故选C。
【点评】考查定语从句,首先识记关系词区别,然后根据先行词确定关系词。
41.A
【解析】句意:Jane是班级里去过中国的学生之一。此处应填定语从句的引导词,定语从句修饰人,且引导词在定语从句中做主语,who可修饰人且做主语,故选A。
【点评】考查定语从句,识记定语从句引导词who的用法。
42.A
【解析】句意:这些年我们的城市发生了很大的变化。眼前的一切对我来说都是全新的。根据句子结构,可知本句是定语从句,先行词是everything,不定代词,关系词在从句 comes into sight 中充当主语,根据在定语从句中,当先行词是不定代词的时候,关系词只能用that引导,故选A。
【点评】考查定语从句。注意识记定语从句中关系词的用法。
43.D
【解析】句意:既然你已经找到了一份这么好的工作,为什么还想要一份新工作呢?根据 you've got such a good one already 可知,从句是一个完整的句子,应用when引导条件状语从句,表“既然”,故选D。
【点评】考查when引导的条件状语从句。注意分析题句子结构,确定从句类型,在选择正确的连接词。
44.B
【解析】句意: 我一直在想当我还是个小女孩的时候,每天晚上都给我讲故事的奶奶。分析句子结构可知,此处是定语从句,先行词是人,连接词在从句中做主语,此处应该用who引导定语从句,故选B。
【点评】考查定语从句的连接词。注意根据句子结构选择正确的定语从句的连接词。
45.C
【解析】句意:——你喜欢《我和我的祖国》吗 ——是的,我更喜欢有美妙歌词的歌。根据题干和语境,可知"...great lyrics."是定语从句修饰先行词"songs",先行词是物,并且是复数,在从句中做主语,因此用关系代词which或that,并且谓语应用复数形式,分析选项,可知是that have。故选C。
【点评】考查定语从句,首先识记关系词区别,然后根据关键词确定关系词,最后主语根据主语确定谓语形式。
46.A
【解析】whose title引导非限制性定语从句,whose title也可以说成the title of which。
【点评】考查定语从句。
47.C
【解析】句意:露西是教我如何使用电脑的女孩。这里是缺定语从句的连接词。whom,谁;引导的从句先行词是人,在从句中做宾语;which,先行词是物,在从句中做主语或宾语;who,先行词为表示人的词,在从句中做主语或宾语。这里先行词the girl是表示人的名词,从句缺少主语,用who引导。故答案为C。
【点评】考查定语从句。识记who引导定语从句的用法。
48.C
【解析】句意:我不认识那个站在门口的女孩。首先分析句子结构, 本句中的“_____is standing at the gate”在复合句中作定语从句, 由于先行词 the girl 为下文定语从句的逻辑主语, 且指人, 所以引导定语从句的关系代词用that或者who, 故选C。
【点评】关系代词
49.B
【解析】句意:我看见这个女孩和我们城市的唯一的一条导盲犬在一起。A.who谁;B.which 哪一个;C.Whom谁;D.What什么。本题考查定语从句的用法,由于先行词物。结合句意,故选B
50.D
【解析】with whom引导定语从句.with whom放在从句中即为:my father works with the engineer.
【点评】考查定语从句。
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)