(
密 ○ 封 ○ 装 ○ 订 ○ 线 密 ○ 封 ○ 装 ○ 订 ○ 线
密 封 线 内 不 要 答 题
)
(
姓名 班级 考号
密 ○ 封 ○ 装 ○ 订 ○ 线 密 ○ 封 ○ 装 ○ 订 ○ 线
密 封 线 内 不 要 答 题
)
UNIT 3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
全卷满分150分 考试用时120分钟
第一部分 听力(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.How was the weather last week
A.Cold. B.Warm. C.Wet.
2.What is David busy doing
A.Visiting a flat. B.Introducing a flat. C.Arranging a flat.
3.What does the man's wife probably like to receive
A.A pearl. B.Flowers. C.A washing machine.
4.Where does the conversation probably take place
A.At the platform.
B.At the security checkpoint.
C.At the left-luggage office.
5.What is the woman
A.A tour guide. B.A tourist. C.A hotel receptionist.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。
6.What is playing on the radio station now
A.The commercial. B.A talk show. C.A music program.
7.What do we know about the man
A.He hates to spend much time on news.
B.He prefers detailed news stories.
C.He often listens to news broadcasts.
听第7段材料,回答第8至10题。
8.What was the main topic of the meeting
A.Politics. B.Green development.
C.The latest technology trends.
9.What did the meeting encourage
A.Driving cars less.
B.Making a wider variety of goods.
C.Developing sustainable agriculture.
10.What does the man think is important in achieving the goal
A.Global teamwork. B.Energy exploration.
C.More job opportunities.
听第8段材料,回答第11至13题。
11.What can we know from the conversation
A.The woman got her ideas from a cook book.
B.The man is probably a regular customer.
C.The man has never been to the shop before.
12.What desserts does the man choose to buy
A.The lemon pie and the strawberry cake.
B.The green tea cupcake and the lemon pie.
C.The strawberry cake and the green tea cupcake.
13.How much should the man pay in total
A.$3. B.$4. C.$7.
听第9段材料,回答第14至17题。
14.What is greatly valued in the company
A.Employees' qualities.
B.Employees' appearances.
C.Employees' physical conditions.
15.What does the man need to do before work
A.Study the policies and practices.
B.Listen to customers' concerns.
C.Have a medical examination.
16.What is unnecessary for the man
A.Buying an insurance.
B.Being on time for work.
C.Working on weekends.
17.What will the man do
A.Go on his questions.
B.Expect the woman's reply.
C.Write down personal information.
听第10段材料,回答第18至20题。
18.What is the talk mainly about
A.Global warming. B.Water shortage.
C.Rising sea level.
19.What can we learn from the talk
A.More and more places will have much rain.
B.People living near the sea may have to move.
C.Animals in Antarctica may get used to warmer weather.
20.Why could penguins be dying off
A.They can't stand warmer temperatures.
B.They are losing their habitats.
C.They are short of food.
第二部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Today's modern travelers are journeying further to explore Europe off the beaten track, and bringing home new skills and experience. Here are 4 ideas for an unusual holiday in Europe.
Volunteer in Transylvania
Transylvania is a top choice for an unusual European city break, with wonderfully preserved medieval(中世纪的) towns and castles that inspired the famous novel Dracula. In addition, you can take your unusual holiday experience even further by volunteering in Eastern Europe's largest bear reserve and working with bears.
Teach skiing in Austria
Austria is one of Europe's top skiing destinations. If you're looking for a more unusual way to spend a winter holiday, why not consider training to be a ski instructor there You'll gain a qualification that is recognized worldwide, and this programme includes a guaranteed paid instructor job at a ski resort(旅游胜地) once you have finished your training.
Go diving in Spain
For a European holiday with a difference, take part in a plastic clean-up project based in Barcelona, help to dispose of plastic waste in the Mediterranean Sea and protect the environment as you travel. This volunteer project combines diving with collecting plastic or other waste from the water, alongside giving you the chance to explore the city.
Explore Tuscany on horseback
Tuscany, one of the best places in Europe to explore on horseback, has witnessed a sharp increase in travelers. There are various activities that combine sightseeing with basic horse riding lessons and you can stay in the Renaissance villas(文艺复兴风格的别墅) and farmhouses. You don't need to have any experience for horse riding holidays, and they are a brilliant alternative to your typical guided tour.
21.What does the author suggest doing in Transylvania
A.Finding a job in the castle.
B.Helping to care for bears.
C.Reading the novel Dracula.
D.Visiting its modern buildings.
22.Where can you help to protect the environment while traveling
A.In Spain. B.In Austria.
C.In Tuscany. D.In Transylvania.
23.What do we know about horse riding holidays in Tuscany
A.They are unique to Tuscany.
B.They suit experienced riders.
C.They are growing in popularity.
D.They feature a typical guided tour.
B
On March 20, Keep Alamogordo Beautiful, the Alamogordo Chamber of Commerce and NMDOT District 2 hosted a large-scale community clean-up, drawing around 150 volunteers.
The clean-up spanned the Charlie Lee Memorial Relief Route that runs the length of the City of Alamogordo. The event saw the volunteers provided a total of 300 volunteer hours, which totals $7,407 in volunteer labor. Nearly 4,000 pounds of garbage, equating to 450 bags of garbage, were collected.
Thriving(蓬勃发展) in southern New Mexico, Boys and Girls Clubs of Otero County, the Rotary Club of White Sands, Pioneer Bank, Tularosa Communications, Zuni Electric, Inc., and Holloman Air Force Base all provided volunteers.
“Being a local business owner who was born and raised here, I've seen the growing need for garbage removal along our byways. We live in a great community, but we need to help change the mindsets and culture surrounding garbage. We need to remind folks to bag their garbage, tie it down, and be more responsible,” said Rodney Eaton, president of Zuni Electric, Inc.
“It is our job as community members to limit the lasting footprint we each leave on our community's environment,” says Josh Sides, coordinator of the Keep Alamogordo Beautiful program. “The community clean-up was a much-needed injection(注入) of inspiration to the heart of volunteerism here in Alamogordo. It is important that we all do our part to make Alamogordo a clean, green, and more beautiful place. I cannot thank the Alamogordo community enough for the massive show of support exhibited on Saturday during the community clean-up. This is the first of many to come.”
“The volunteers take much pride in keeping Alamogordo looking beautiful,” said District Two Maintenance's engineer Francesco Sanchez. “During these challenging times as we all try to maintain our highway assets(资产) with fewer funds, we rely on volunteers to help us keep our roads clean and beautiful.”
24.What do the numbers in paragraph 2 mainly tell us
A.The expense of the event.
B.The pride of the volunteers.
C.The achievement of the event.
D.The severe pollution of the world.
25.What did Rodney Eaton suggest
A.Improving local business.
B.Preventing using garbage bags.
C.Building a much friendlier community.
D.Calling on people to keep the community clean.
26.What can we learn from Josh Sides
A.This is the first voluntary activity he took part in.
B.More clean-up activities will be organized in the future.
C.Alamogordo is the first city to host the community clean-up.
D.Environmental protection needs support from the government.
27.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A.Time to Begin a New Life
B.How to Build a United City
C.Highways Are Back to Normal
D.A Cleaner Neighborhood Was Created
C
Most of our everyday plastic items end up in landfill, left to rot away for many years. But some of them were blown away, spoiling the countryside, causing damage to the natural environment and harming wildlife. The problem is most severe in the ocean. Research has found a deserted island in the South Pacific is littered with the highest density(密度) of plastic waste anywhere in the world.
The study described how remote islands act as a “sink” for the world's rubbish. They become collecting points for fishing items and everyday things including toothbrushes, cigarette lighters and razors—things that we throw away. Dr Jennifer Lavers from the University of Tasmania says, “Almost every island in the world and almost every species in the ocean are now being impacted one way or another by our waste.”
This highlights the potentially deadly effect of our disposable(用后即丢弃的) culture. When we throw something away, it doesn't just disappear—it goes somewhere and because of the nature of plastic, it takes a long time to rot away and stays there, causing great damage to the ocean's ecology(生态). And worse still, plastic is broken down into tiny particles over a long period by the wind and the waves, and then sea creatures at the bottom of the food chain swallow them. These creatures are eaten by the fish that we eventually consume.
The solution to this problem would be to use less plastic. Several countries now charge for using plastic carrier bags, which reduces the usage, and some products now use natural and recyclable materials.
28.What does the author really want to tell us in the first paragraph
A.Plastic items blow away easily in the strong wind.
B.It is a bad habit to throw away plastics everywhere.
C.Plastic pollution in the ocean is a most serious issue.
D.It is a good idea to let plastic items end up in landfill.
29.What does the author mean by saying the islands act as a “sink” for the world's rubbish
A.The islands begin to sink with much rubbish on them.
B.The islands have become gathering places for rubbish.
C.The islands are inaccessible due to the white pollution.
D.The islands are ideal places to hide the plastic products.
30.What does the underlined word “This” in paragraph 3 refer to
A.The nature of plastic.
B.The ocean's ecology.
C.Thrown-away rubbish.
D.The impact on sea species.
31.What's the really frightening fact about the plastic pollution in the ocean
A.Causing many sea creatures to die out.
B.Presenting potential risks to our health.
C.Cutting off the food chain of sea creatures.
D.Breaking the balance of the ocean's ecology.
D
After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park. Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park. By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves.
Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development. By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around.
The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk populations—major food sources(来源) for the wolf—grew rapidly. These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation(植被), which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly. The coyotes killed a large percentage of the park's red foxes, and completely drove away the park's beavers.
As early as 1966, biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park. They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems. Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.
The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolves. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone. Today, the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone. Elk, deer, and coyote populations are down, while beavers and red foxes have made a comeback. The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.
32.What does the underlined word “displaced” in paragraph 2 mean
A.Tested. B.Separated.
C.Forced out. D.Tracked down.
33.What did the disappearance of gray wolves bring about
A.Damage to local ecology.
B.Preservation of vegetation.
C.A decline in the park's income.
D.An increase in the variety of animals.
34.What is the author's attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project
A.Doubtful. B.Positive.
C.Uncaring. D.Disapproving.
35.What is the text mainly about
A.Wildlife research in the United States.
B.Plant diversity in the Yellowstone area.
C.The conflict between farmers and gray wolves.
D.The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone Park.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Research shows that with 2℃ of global warming we will have more disasters like droughts, floods, wildfires and storms. Unless we act immediately to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, we won't be able to escape the worst consequences of climate change. This can seem depressing. 36 . Here are some ways you can be part of the climate solution:
Transform your transport
37 . So many governments across the world are taking action to reduce carbon emissions in transport. You can get a head start. Leave your car at home and walk or cycle whenever possible. If the distances are too long, choose public transport, preferably electric options. If you must drive, offer to carpool with others so that fewer cars are on the road.
38
To reduce your food's carbon footprint, buy local and seasonal foods. You'll be helping small businesses and farms in your area and reducing fossil fuel emissions associated with transport and cold chain storage. Go one step further and try growing your own fruit, vegetables and herbs. 39 .
Don't waste food
One-third of all food produced is either lost or wasted. People waste 1 billion tons of food each year, which accounts for around 8-10 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions. Avoid waste by only buying what you need. Take advantage of every edible(可食用的) part of the foods you buy. Be creative with leftovers, and share extras with your friends and neighbours. 40 . It's the best option for managing organic waste while also reducing environmental impacts.
A.Grow your own food
B.Shop locally and buy sustainable food
C.Transport is a typical example of human activities
D.But the good news is that there's a lot we can still do as individuals
E.Traffic accounts for around a quarter of all greenhouse gas emissions
F.You can plant them in a garden, on a balcony or even on a windowsill
G.Make compost (堆肥) out of inedible parts and use it to fertilize(使肥沃) your garden
36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
第三部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
On a weekday evening, Jane was at home as usual. She received an urgent 41 from her sister “Act over here! Turn on the TV and check these guys out. They are just like you.” One facebook message and a phone interview later, Jane 42 herself on a bus with 8 strangers in the middle of the extreme desert heat of Utah, picking up rubbish.
With a deep 43 for the environment and a desire to make a 44 , Jane, Dave, and a group of people 45 themselves “environmental pick-up artists” went on a coast-to-coast road-side trash pick-up. As they walked, sometimes only 46 0.9 miles in an entire day, they slowly 47 their way across the United States, picking up a total of 201,678 pounds of trash in three years.
During an interview, Jane and Dave 48 with us wonderful stories of hope that inspired them to 49 their journey. After spending weeks silently 50 how she would have enough money to fly home for their spring break, Jane found an envelope 51 with $850 in cash in the desert, just enough to get her home and back. After their bus 52 outside of Denver, they unexpectedly got help and arrived in Yosemite National Park three weeks later, just 53 a mission to clean up trash all over the park.
Jane and Dave are like so many uncelebrated(默默无闻的) heroes in our community. Their commitment to working in meaningful, small ways reflects their 54 for real change. What they have done is a reminder that we can all make 55 .
41.A.visit B.call C.action D.advocate
42.A.found B.detected C.persuaded D.integrated
43.A.fear B.appetite C.preference D.sympathy
44.A.plan B.route C.promise D.difference
45.A.naming B.correcting C.displaying D.discovering
46.A.measuring B.covering C.wandering D.fixing
47.A.made B.got C.helped D.pedalled
48.A.heard B.read C.wrote D.shared
49.A.call on B.carry on C.work on D.rely on
50.A.learning B.complaining C.worrying D.talking
51.A.filled B.supplied C.labeled D.equipped
52.A.set off B.speeded up
C.pulled up D.broke down
53.A.in touch with B.in time for
C.in the face of D.in return for
54.A.theory B.answer C.action D.desire
55.A.choices B.advantages
C.contributions D.gifts
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Global warming could make humans shorter, warning scientists who are said 56 (find) evidence that it caused the world's first horses to shrink nearly 50 million years ago.
In fact a team from the universities of Florida and Nebraska says it has found a link between the earth 57 (heat) up and the size of mammals—horses. The scientists used fossils to follow the evolution(进化) of horses from their earliest 58 (appear) 56 million years ago.
“As temperatures went up, 59 (they) size went down, and vice versa; at one point they were as small as a house cat,” said Dr. Jonathan Bloch, curator of the Florida Museum of Natural History. The scientists say that the current warming could have the same influence 60 mammals—and could even make humans 61 (small).
Horses 62 (start) out small, about the size of a small dog like a miniature schnauzer. 63 is surprising is that after they first appeared, they then became even smaller and then 64 (drama) increased in size, and that exactly agrees with the global warming event. “It had been known that mammals were small when it was warm, 65 we hadn't understood that the temperature really was driving the evolution of body size,” Dr. Bloch said in the Science journal.
56. 57. 58. 59. 60.
61. 62. 63. 64. 65.
第四部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假如你是学生会主席李华,请你以“保护环境,低碳生活”为主题,写一封英语倡议书,号召大家积极采取行动,践行低碳生活(low-carbon life)。内容包括:
1.保护环境的重要性;
2.如何低碳生活;
3.发出倡议。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
Dear fellow students,
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
In a small community located in the suburbs of Exeter, a disheartening issue had been troubling the neighborhood for years. The once pleasant surroundings were ruined by piles of waste that seemed to multiply with each passing day. Residents were growing tired of the worsening environment, leading many to abandon their homes in search of cleaner neighborhoods. It was in this terrible situation that two young students, Emma and Mia, decided to take matters into their own hands.
Emma and Mia were classmates and best friends from Phillips Exeter Academy, both passionate about environmental preservation and deeply concerned about the pollution crisis their community was facing. Witnessing more and more neighbors' leaving, they knew they couldn't stand by any longer. Determined to bring about a change, they undertook a mission that would soon catch the attention of the entire community.
Their journey began with thorough research and planning. The two girls searched carefully on the Internet for information on environmental initiatives and connected with local environmentalists. They organized meetings with residents to understand the issues at hand, collecting data on the types of waste, the sources, and the areas most affected. Armed with this knowledge, Emma and Mia worked out a comprehensive plan and announced it to ask for opinions from the residents. Surprisingly it was strongly supported.
Their strategy was twofold. First, they initiated a waste classification and recycling program. They distributed recycling bins(回收箱) to every household and educated the community about the importance of responsible waste management. Soon, the streets began to show signs of improvement as the volume of garbage inappropriately thrown away decreased gradually.
The second part of their plan was more ambitious. Emma and Mia gathered volunteers from their school and the neighborhood to take part in a massive clean-up campaign. Armed with gloves and trash(垃圾)bags, they began systematically clearing the waste from the streets, parks, and even the local bodies of water. Their firm commitment and hard work inspired others to join the cause.
注意:续写词数应为150个左右。
Half a year later,the changes were significant.
Emma and Mia received recognition and honors for their work.
答案全解全析
1.A 2.C 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.B
9.C 10.A 11.B 12.B 13.C 14.A 15.C 16.C
17.B 18.A 19.B 20.C 21.B 22.A 23.C 24.C
25.D 26.B 27.D 28.C 29.B 30.D 31.B 32.C
33.A 34.B 35.D 36.D 37.E 38.B 39.F 40.G
41.B 42.A 43.C 44.D 45.A 46.B 47.A 48.D
49.B 50.C 51.A 52.D 53.B 54.D 55.C
56.to have found 57.heating 58.appearance 59.their 60.on 61.smaller 62.started 63.What 64.dramatically 65.but
第二部分 阅读
第一节
A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了欧洲的四个不同寻常的旅游胜地。
21.B 细节理解题。根据Volunteer in Transylvania部分中的“In addition, you can take your unusual holiday experience even further by volunteering in Eastern Europe's largest bear reserve and working with bears.”可知,作者建议游客在特兰西瓦尼亚帮忙照顾熊。故选B。
22.A 细节理解题。根据Go diving in Spain部分中的“help to dispose of plastic waste in the Mediterranean Sea and protect the environment as you travel.”可知,游客在西班牙旅行时可以帮助保护环境。故选A。
23.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Tuscany, one of the best places in Europe to explore on horseback, has witnessed a sharp increase in travelers.”可推断,托斯卡纳的骑马度假越来越受欢迎。故选C。
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了一场大规模的社区清理活动和人们对此的思考。
24.C 推理判断题。第二段提到,在此次活动中,志愿者们共提供了300小时的志愿服务,共计7,407美元的志愿劳动,收集了近4,000磅垃圾。由此可推断,第二段的数据主要告诉我们这次活动的成绩。故选C。
25.D 推理判断题。根据第四段罗德尼·伊顿的话可知,我们需要帮助改变与垃圾有关的观念模式和文化,我们需要提醒人们把垃圾装进袋子、绑好、更负责任。由此可推断,罗德尼·伊顿建议人们保持社区干净。故选D。
26.B 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“This is the first of many to come.”可知,这是即将发生的许多清理活动中的第一个。所以今后将组织更多的清理活动。故选B。
27.D 主旨大意题。
根据文章结构可知,本文主要介绍了一个社区通过志愿者清理活动变得更加干净,所以D项“创建了一个更干净的社区”最适合作为文章标题。故选D。
C
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。一项研究发现,南太平洋的一座荒岛是世界上塑料垃圾密度最高的地方,海洋塑料污染是一个严重的问题,而解决海洋塑料污染的办法是使用更少的塑料。
28.C 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The problem is most severe in the ocean.”可知,第一段讲述了海洋塑料污染是一个非常严重的问题。下面的段落围绕该话题展开。故选C。
29.B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“They become collecting points for fishing items and everyday things including...”可知,作者说这些岛屿作为世界垃圾的“渗坑”是指这些岛屿已经成为垃圾聚集的地方。故选B。
30.D 词义猜测题。画线词是代词,一般指代上文;画线词位于第三段开头,所以需要从第二段寻找相关信息。根据第二段中的“Almost every island in the world and almost every species in the ocean are now being impacted one way or another by our waste.”可推断,代词This指的是“对海洋物种的影响”。故选D。
31.B 推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句可知,塑料被分解为小颗粒后被食物链底层的海洋生物吃掉,然后鱼吃掉这些食物链底层的生物,我们最终吃掉鱼。由此可推断,关于海洋塑料污染,真正可怕的事实是其对我们的健康有潜在的威胁。故选B。
D
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了经过多年的激烈争论之后,灰狼又回到了黄石国家公园。
32.C 词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area”和下文“By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area.”可知,灰狼曾经在黄石地区随处可见,可到了20世纪20年代,灰狼几乎从黄石地区消失了。由此可推断,此处指的是“灰狼逐渐被驱离”,画线词意为“迫使离开家园”,与C项意思一致。故选C。
33.A 推理判断题。根据第三段可知,狼群的消失带来了许多意想不到的结果,破坏了公园里的植物多样性和动物多样性。由此可推断,灰狼的消失对生态造成了破坏。故选A。
34.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment”可知,作者觉得这个项目很有价值,说明作者的态度是积极的。故选B。
35.D 主旨大意题。通读全文,尤其是根据第一段第一句可知,文章主要讲述的就是黄石国家公园再次引入灰狼这件事。故选D。
第二节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要提出了一些个人可以减少气候影响的方法和建议。
36.D 设空处与上下文构成的语意结构为:这似乎令人沮丧。→ 36 →这里有一些方法可以让你成为气候问题解决方案的一部分。D项“但好消息是,作为个人,我们仍然可以做很多事情”与上文构成转折关系,同时指出作为个人也可以采取行动减少气候影响。故选D。
37.E 设空处下文提到,因此世界各地的许多政府都在采取行动以减少交通运输中的碳排放。E项“交通排放的温室气体约占温室气体排放总量的四分之一”阐明原因,与下文构成因果关系。故选E。
38.B 根据文章结构可知,设空处是段落小标题。本段主要讲的是如何减少食物的碳足迹。B项“在当地购物,购买可持续食品”是对本段的概括总结,且B项中的locally与下文中的local是同根词。故选B。
39.F 设空处上文提到,更进一步,尝试自己种植水果、蔬菜和草药。F项“你可以把它们种在花园里,阳台上,甚至窗台上”是对上文的补充说明,F项中的them指代上文中的“fruit, vegetables and herbs”。故选F。
40.G 设空处与上下文构成的语意结构为:利用你所买食物的每一个可食用部分。创造性地处理剩菜,与你的朋友和邻居分享多余的剩菜。→ 40 →这是管理有机废物同时减少环境影响的最佳选择。G项“把不可食用的部分做成堆肥,用来给花园施肥”承上启下,符合语境。故选G。
第三部分 语言运用
第一节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。为提高人们对环境污染和气候变化的认识,简和戴夫等人花了三年时间共捡了201,678磅垃圾,他们的做法提醒我们,我们都可以用自己的方式为环境做出贡献。
41.B 根据下文作者的妹妹说的话并结合下文提到的作者为环保所做的事可知,此处表示妹妹看到电视上的这些人及其做法好像与姐姐一样时,就喊(call)姐姐抓紧去看电视。故选B。
42.A 上文提到妹妹喊简去看电视,所以此处指简发现(found)电视上的人是自己。故选A。
43.C 根据空后的“for the environment”和上文描述的简等人的所作所为可知,此处指他们对环境有着深切的喜爱(preference)。故选C。
44.D 根据语境并结合选项可知,这里指他们怀着能起作用的愿望。make a difference意为“起作用;有影响”。故选D。
45.A 根据语境并结合选项和常识可知,这里指简、戴夫和一群自称(naming)“环保拾荒者”的人。故选A。
46.B 根据空后的“0.9 miles”可知,这里指他们有时一整天只走(covering)0.9英里。故选B。
47.A 根据语境并结合选项可知,这里指他们慢慢前进穿越了美国。make one's way意为“前进”。故选A。
48.D 根据下文提到的捡垃圾行程中发生的故事可知,此处指简和戴夫给我们分享(shared)了精彩的故事。故选D。
49.B 根据上文中的“wonderful stories of hope”可知,此处指这些故事激励他们继续(carry on)他们的旅程。故选B。
50.C 根据下文“how she would have enough money to fly home for their spring break”可知,简一直在默默担心(worrying)自己是否有足够的钱飞回家过春假。故选C。
51.A 根据空前的“envelope”和空后的“with $850 in cash in the desert”可知,后来她在沙漠中发现了一个装有(filled)850美元现金的信封。故选A。
52.D 根据下文“they unexpectedly got help”可知,他们乘坐的巴士在丹佛郊外出了故障(broke down)。故选D。
53.B 上文提到他们得到意想不到的帮助,在三周后到达了约塞米蒂国家公园,所以此处指刚好及时(in time for)赶上了清理公园里所有垃圾的任务。故选B。
54.D 根据上文他们保护环境的具体行动可知,他们以微小而有意义的方式工作反映了他们对真正改变的渴望(desire)。故选D。
55.C 上文中的“What they have done”指的是他们用三年时间走遍美国收集垃圾的行为,所以这对于我们来说是个提醒,提醒我们都能做出贡献(contributions)。故选C。
第二节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。一项研究发现,全球变暖可能影响哺乳动物的体形,本文以马的进化为例进行了说明。
56.to have found 考查动词不定式。固定句型“sb. be said to do”意为“据说某人做了……”;提示词find所表示的动作发生在谓语are said之前,所以用动词不定式的完成式。故填to have found。
57.heating 考查动词-ing形式。分析句子可知,复合结构“the earth 57 up”作介词between的宾语,heat up与其逻辑主语the earth之间是主动关系,应用动词-ing形式。故填heating。
58.appearance 考查名词。根据空前的their earliest可知设空处应用名词。故填appearance。
59.their 考查代词。设空处修饰其后的名词size,应用形容词性物主代词。故填their。
60.on 考查介词。the influence on意为“对……的影响”。故填on。
61.smaller 考查形容词的比较级。根据语境可知,此处指的是“甚至可能使人类更矮小”,应用形容词的比较级作宾补。故填smaller。
62.started 考查动词的时态。分析句子可知,设空处作谓语;根据下文“after they first appeared”可知此处指的是“起初马很小”,描述过去的事情,应用一般过去时。故填started。
63.What 考查主语从句。分析句子可知,设空处引导主语从句且在从句中作主语,表示“……的事物”,应用连接代词what引导从句。设空处位于句首,首字母要大写。故填What。
64.dramatically 考查副词。设空处修饰动词increased,应用副词。故填dramatically。
65.but 考查连词。设空处前面的“It had been known...”和设空处后面的“we hadn't understood”构成转折关系,所以应用表示转折的并列连词but连接。
第四部分 写作
第一节
One possible version:
Dear fellow students,
With the development of modern industry, the environment is becoming increasingly worse. It's high time that we should take measures, or we would have nowhere to live.
We students can protect our environment by living a low-carbon life. Firstly, do turn off lights and other switches when not using them to save electricity. What's more, if we go out, we should walk, ride or take public transport instead of driving. Finally, reusing paper and bottles in our daily life is also highly recommended.
Let's make joint efforts to create a green and harmonious environment. I strongly believe that the better world needs the commitment and dedication of everyone.
第二节
One possible version:
Half a year later,the changes were significant. Gradually, the neighborhood regained its charm. The air grew cleaner, many kinds of birds were increasingly making their nests here again and the sound of laughter returned as children played in the park once littered with waste. Emma and Mia's great efforts had not only cleaned up the environment but also promoted the community spirit. News of the remarkable transformation quickly spread beyond the community. Those who had left the community in earlier years began to return.
Emma and Mia received recognition and honors for their work. The local community was full of praise for their efforts. Besides, awards from environmental organizations and praise from government officials poured in. But they knew that their work was far from finished. They would use their newfound prominence to advocate sustainable practices, inspire the community to continue their eco-friendly efforts and encourage local businesses to adopt green initiatives to make their neighborhood more enjoyable.
