UNIT 3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION单元精讲精练课件-人教版选择性必修第三册

(共48张PPT)
高频词汇精讲
starve vi.& vt.(使)挨饿,饿死
An expert who has studied polar bears for many years said that from the position of its dead body,
the bear appeared to have starved and died.一位研究北极熊多年的专家说,从它尸体的姿势来
看,这只熊似乎是饿死的。 (教材P26)
情景导学
They wanted to starve the enemies into giving in.他们想断绝敌人的食物来源以迫使他们投
降。
I was starving and rushed to get something to eat.我饿极了,赶紧去找点吃的。
高频词汇 情景破
词汇 1
Teenagers are starved of/for freedom but they have to rely on their parents financially.青少年缺
少自由,但是他们在经济上却不得不依靠父母。
Many babies of the wild animals will starve to death if the parents can't feed them.如果野生动物
幼崽的父母不能给它们喂食,那么很多幼崽会饿死。
用法归纳
①starve to death饿死
②be starved/starving饿得很
③starve sb. 　　 (doing) sth.断绝食物(或资金)来源以迫使某人做某事
④be starved　 　 ...缺乏……;急需……(主动语态 starve A of/for B使A得不到所需要的B)
词汇拓展
starvation n.饥饿;饿死;挨饿
into
of/for
face starvation面临饥饿
die of/from starvation饿死
suffer from starvation遭受饥饿之苦
a starvation diet不足果腹的食物
starvation wages不够维持基本生活的薪水
Many people, especially those in poverty-stricken areas, are suffering from starvation.许多人,
特别是那些极度贫困地区的人,正在遭受饥饿之苦。
release vt.排放;释放;放开;发泄;发布,发行 n.排放;释放;发布,发行;解脱
The heat is released back into space at longer wave lengths.这种热量以更长的波长被释放回太
空。 (教材P27)
情景导学
The plant releases a tiny number of chemicals from the leaves that are being eaten.这种植物会从
正遭受啃食的叶子中释放出微量的化学物质。
Working out for half an hour in the gym will give you a release from the pressure of work.在健身
房锻炼半小时会让你从工作压力中解脱。
The new film will go on release next week, and I can't wait to watch it in the cinema.这部新片将
于下周公映,我等不及要去电影院观看了。
词汇 2
用法归纳
①release... 　　 sth.将……从某物中放出来
②go 　　 release (电影)公映, 发行
③(a) release 　　 ...从……中解脱/释放
from
on
from
sustain vt.维持;遭受;承受住
Without this process, Earth could not sustain life.没有这个过程,地球就无法维持生命。 (教
材P27)
情景导学
If you don't do enough warm-ups, you might sustain an injury in the exercise.如果你不做足够的
热身运动,你就可能在运动中受伤。
用法归纳
sustain an injury/injuries/damage/losses受伤/遭受损失
词汇拓展
①sustainability n.持续性
②sustained adj.持续的,持久的
词汇 3
③sustainable adj.可持续的;合理利用的
As we all know, sustainability has become an important aspect of business. That is to say, it is
important to sustain the sustainable development of the economy. If you do so, your company
will get sustained development.众所周知,可持续性已经成了商业的一个重要方面。也就是说,
维持经济的可持续发展是重要的。如果你这么做,你的公司将得到持续的发展。
④unsustainable adj.不能持续的;无法维持的
unsustainable growth难以持续的增长
restrict vt.限制;限定;束缚;约束
We as individuals can also reduce our “carbon footprint” by restricting the amount of carbon
dioxide our lifestyles produce.作为个人,我们也可以通过限制生活方式产生的二氧化碳的量
来减少我们的“碳足迹”。 (教材P27)
情景导学
In some regions, the school restricts class sizes to 30 students.在一些地区,学校把班级规模限定
在30人。
You can restrict yourself to smoking two cigarettes a day so as to give up smoking gradually.你
可以限制自己每天只抽两支烟,以逐渐把烟戒掉。 (写作·健康建议)
用法归纳
①restrict...　　 ...把……限制/控制在……
词汇 4
to
②restrict sb./oneself　　 (doing)sth.限制某人/自己只做某事
词汇拓展
①restriction n.[C]限制规定,限制法规;[U]约束
speed restrictions限速
Keep in mind that there are speed restrictions on this part of the road.记住这段路有限速。
②restricted adj.有限的;受限制的;仅限的
be restricted to...仅限于……
The aim of the education is not restricted to learning knowledge or skills.教育的目的不仅限
于学习知识和技能。
③unrestricted adj.没有限制的
④restrictive adj.限制性的;约束的
to
seize vt.抓住;夺取;控制;侵袭;突然控制
It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming, a-
long with its causes and impacts...抓住每一个机会来教育每个人了解全球变暖及其原因和影
响是我们的责任…… (教材P27)
情景导学
She tried in vain to seize the gun from the attacker.她试图夺走攻击者的枪,但没有成功。
With the exhibition around the corner, I think you should seize the opportunity to experience
Chinese paper cutting.展览会即将来临,我认为你应该抓住这个机会体验一下中国剪纸。
(写作·邀请信)
In the big fire, the firefighter spotted a girl who was seized with fear. He quickly seized the girl
by the arm and took her out of the fire.在大火中,消防员发现了一个充满恐惧的女孩。他迅速
词汇 5
抓住女孩的胳膊,把她从大火中救了出来。(读后续写·场景描写)
用法归纳
①be seized　　 /by...充满(某种情绪)
②seize sth.　　 ...从……抓住/夺取某物
③seize sb.　　 the+身体部位 抓住某人的某个部位
④seize a chance/an opportunity to do sth.抓住机会做某事
特别提醒
seize表示抓住某人或某物时,可直接用被抓住的部位作宾语,如seize my hand,也可用“seize
sb. by the+身体部位”结构,表示身体部位的名词前通常只能用定冠词the,不能用其他冠词或
代词。
with
from
by
submit vt.提交;呈递;认为;建议 vt.& vi.屈服;顺从
According to the report submitted by researchers, between 20 and 25 percent of all annual carbon
dioxide emissions are caused by the destruction of tropical forests.根据研究人员提交的报告,每
年二氧化碳排放总量的20%到25%是对热带雨林的破坏造成的。 (教材P28)
情景导学
Although we got stuck in trouble, by no means could we submit(ourselves) to the difficulties and
hardships.虽然我们陷入了困境,但我们绝不能屈服于这些艰难困苦。
These stories can relieve my stress and broaden my horizons. Besides, I even submitted my own
fiction to Youth.这些故事可以减轻我的压力,开阔我的视野。此外,我还向Youth提交了自己
的小说。 (2021新高考Ⅰ)
词汇 6
用法归纳
①submit that...认为……
②submit (oneself) 　　 ...屈服于……
③submit...　　 ...把……提交给/呈递给……
④submit an application/a claim/a complaint呈递申请书/书面要求;提交控诉书
词汇拓展
submission n.提交;呈递;屈服;归顺;看法
force sb. into submission强迫某人屈服
to
to
sensitive adj.敏感的;善解人意的;灵敏的;体贴的;易生气的
Why is nuclear power a sensitive topic 为什么核能是一个敏感的话题呢 (教材P29)
情景导学
Some young people are very sensitive about/to their appearance.有些年轻人对自己的外表很敏
感。
She is afraid to eat cold food because her teeth are sensitive to it.她害怕吃冷食,因为她的牙齿对
冷食过敏。
The person I respect is my English teacher, who is very sensitive to every student's feelings.我尊
敬的人是我的英语老师,他十分体谅每一个学生的感情。 (2020全国Ⅰ)
用法归纳
①be sensitive　　 ...体谅……;对……敏感/过敏
词汇 7
to
②be sensitive　　 ...对……神经过敏;易因……生气
词汇拓展
①sense n.感觉官能;感觉,意识;理解力,判断力;见识 v.感觉到;意识到
②sensible adj.明智的;合理的;切合实际的;理智的
③sensitively adv.谨慎细致地;小心地
情景助记
about/to
dozen n.(一)打;十二个
Dozens of polluting enterprises were closed or moved.许多污染企业被关闭或搬迁。(教材P32)
情景导学
They sold four dozen boxes of such candies last week.上星期他们卖了48箱这样的糖果。
Though you have dozens of eggs here, I just want two dozen of these eggs.虽然你这里有许多鸡
蛋,但我只想要其中的两打。
Mark is a genius. By the time he graduated, he had been offered jobs by a dozen computer com-
panies.马克是个天才。到他毕业的时候,已经有许多家电脑公司给他提供了工作机会。 (2
021天津)
用法归纳
①a dozen一打/十二个/许多
词汇 8
②in dozens=by the dozen大量地;大批地
③dozen表示概数时,不与具体数字连用,其后加s,并加of,即dozens of,表示“　　 ”。
④“数词/several/a few+dozen(几打/数十个)”修饰名词时,dozen不加s,后面也不用加介词
of。但如果dozen后面有these、those、them、us等词时,dozen后要接of。
情景助记

许多
inspection n.检查;查看;视察
At the same time, they started to carry out inspections regularly and fine tourist organisations for
abuses.与此同时,他们开始定期进行检查,并对旅游机构的违规行为进行罚款。 (教材P33)
情景导学
These books are available for inspection here but can't be borrowed from the library.这些书在这
里可供查阅,但不能从图书馆借出。
When the security guard went on a tour of inspection of the offices, he found a thief looking
through some important files in the drawer.当保安巡视办公室时,他发现一个小偷正在浏览抽
屉里一些重要的文件。
用法归纳
①　　 inspection供查看
词汇 9
for
②a tour　　 inspection巡视
词汇拓展
①inspect v.检查;查看;视察
inspect sb./sth. for...检查某人/某物看看有没有……
Before handing in the paper, you'd better inspect it for spelling mistakes.在上交试卷之前,你
最好检查一下,看看有没有拼写错误。
②inspector n.检查员;视察员
a health/safety inspector卫生/安全检查员
of
tolerate vt.忍受;包容;容许
The villagers could no longer tolerate the situation.村民们再也不能忍受这种状况了。 (教材
P34)
情景导学
I can't tolerate sitting next to Tom because he keeps talking while I'm doing my homework.我不
能容忍坐在汤姆的旁边,因为他在我做作业的时候不停地说话。
用法归纳
tolerate (sb.)　　 sth.容忍/忍受(某人)做某事
词汇拓展
①tolerant adj.宽容的;容忍的
be tolerant of/towards...容忍/忍受/宽容……
词汇 10
doing
To be tolerant of others is to be kind to yourself.宽容别人就是善待自己。 (读后续写·主旨
升华)
②tolerance n.宽容;容忍;(对痛苦、困难等的)忍受程度,忍耐力
tolerance of/for...对……的容忍/忍受/包容
tolerance to...对……的忍受性/忍耐力
Some plants, like pine trees, have tolerance to cold in winter.一些植物,像松树,在冬天很耐
寒。
The depth of your life depends on your care of the young, compassion for the old, and toler-
ance for/of the weak.你生命的深度取决于你对年轻人的照顾、对老年人的同情和对弱者的
包容。
③表示“忍受;容忍”的其他常用表达:put up with;stand;bear。
词汇 释义 用法& 拓展
emission n.排放物;散发物;排放 emission controls排放控制
emit v.发出,射出,散发(光、热、声音、气等)
ecology n.生态;生态学 ecologist n.生态学家
ecological adj.生态的;生态学的
ecologically adv.生态地;从生态学的观点看
habitable adj.适合居住的 habitat n.(动植物的)栖息地,生活环境
habitation n.居住;住处;住所;聚居地
高频词汇积累
comprehensive adj.全部的;所有的;详尽的 comprehend v.理解;领悟;懂
comprehension n.理解力;领悟能力
worldwide adv.遍及全球地 adj.世界各
地的;影响全世界的 后缀-wide可用于构成形容词和副词,表示
“……范围内的(地)”,如:statewide全州性的
(地);nationwide/countrywide全国性的(地)
trend n.趋势;趋向;动向 a trend towards/in...……的趋势
set the trend开创潮流
on trend流行的
tendency n.趋势;趋向
frequently adv.频繁地;经常 frequent adj.经常发生的;频繁的
frequency n.频繁
reform v.改革;(使)改正;改造 n.改革;变革;改良 reformation n.改革;改进;变革
reformed adj.改正的
a reformed character改过自新的人
undergo vt.经历;经受(变化、不快等) undergo tests/trials/repairs 经受考验;接受检修
harmonious adj.和谐的 harmony n.和谐;协调;融洽;和睦
be in harmony with...与……和谐;与……协调
moderate adj.适度的;中等的;温和的 v.缓和;使适中 moderation n.适度;适中;合理
moderately adv.适度;适量;适中
annual adj.每年的;一年的 n.年刊; 年鉴 annually adv.一年一次地
yearly adj.每年的;年度的
chaos n.混乱;杂乱;紊乱 in chaos一片混乱
originate v.起源;发源;创立 originate from/in...起源于……
origination n.起源;发源
original adj.起初的,原作的,新颖的 n.原创作品
originally adv.起初,原来;独创地,新颖地
restore vt.恢复;使复原;修复;归还 restore...to...使……恢复……
restore sth. to sb.把某物归还给某人
conservation n.(对环境、文物等)保 护;保持 environmental conservation环境保护(2023新课标Ⅱ)
conserve v.保护
regulation n.章程;规章制度 regulate v.(用规则条例)约束,控制,管理
disposal n.去掉;清除;处理 dispose v.安排;处理
dispose of去掉;清除;销毁
fine vt.对……处以罚款 n.罚款 adj.美好的;健康的
adv.够好;蛮不错
campaign n.运动;战役 vi.& vt.参加运
动;领导运动 advertising campaign广告宣传活动(2023全国乙)
campaign for/against...为支持/反对……而参加活动
There is little/no doubt that...几乎没有疑问/毫无疑问……
There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer...几乎没有疑问,地球正在变得越来
越温暖…… (教材P26)
情景导学
There is no doubt that A Dream of Red Mansions is such a good novel that it is worth reading a-
gain and again.毫无疑问,《红楼梦》是一部很好的小说,值得一读再读。
用法归纳
本句型中,doubt后接that引导的　　 从句,说明doubt的具体内容。
结构拓展
①There is a possibility that...很可能……
经典结构 情景破
结构 1
同位语
There is evidence that...有证据表明……
There is evidence that man has been growing taller over the past 500 years.有证据表明在过去
的500年里,人类一直在长高。
②doubt v.无把握;不确信;怀疑。doubt后接宾语从句时,当主句为肯定句时,常用if或whether
引导宾语从句;当主句为否定句或疑问句时,常用that引导宾语从句。
I don't doubt that he can finish the task on time.我相信他能按时完成任务。
I doubt if/whether they can swim across the river.我怀疑他们能否游过河去。
③doubt n.疑惑,不确定,怀疑
no doubt...无疑/很可能……
without/beyond doubt毫无疑问;的确
No doubt our friendship will last forever.我们的友谊无疑会永远持续下去。 (写作·友谊)
with的复合结构
Water pollution levels increased, with more household and commercial waste ending up in the
river.由于更多的生活和商业垃圾最终进入江中,水污染程度加重了。 (教材P32)
情景导学
The children were making a snowman, with their hands red and cold.孩子们正在堆雪人,他们的
手又红又冷。
With all the things she needed bought, she went home happily.所有需要的东西都买了,她高高
兴兴地回家了。
To be honest, I can't sleep with lights on even if the room is very quiet.老实说,即使房间很安静,
开着灯我也睡不着觉。
I'm sorry that I can't hang out with you in the street with all these clothes to wash.这些衣服都要
结构 2
洗,很抱歉我不能和你在街上闲逛。
With darkness enveloping the forest, Jane was on the edge of the breakdown, totally at a loss
what to do.夜色笼罩着森林,简处于崩溃的边缘,完全不知道该怎么办。 (读后续写·环境描
写)
With a bunch of flowers in her hand, the girl ran to her mother and handed it to her with excite-
ment and joy.女孩儿手里拿着一束花,她跑向妈妈,兴奋而快乐地把花递给了妈妈。(读后续
写·动作描写)

用法归纳
with的复合结构由“with+宾语+宾语补足语”构成,在句中作状语或定语。其构成形式如下:
动词不定式
现在分词
过去分词
Sentence 1
译文　一位研究北极熊多年的专家说,从尸体的姿势看,这只熊像是饿死的。
长难句 图解
定语
宾语
Sentence 2
译文　专家称,气候变化导致的海冰面降低意味着北极熊无法像以前那样捕食海豹,于是它
只能长途跋涉去寻找食物。
宾语
分句
Sentence 3
译文　气候学家经常提到一个关键的气候过程——“温室效应”;它有两个常见的含义:
“天然”温室效应和“人造”温室效应。
非限制
性定语
同位语
Sentence 4
译文　确凿、全面的证据表明,温度上升导致全球极端天气和自然灾害增多,不仅造成严重
破坏,而且使人丧命。
同位语
Sentence 5
译文　气候学家已发出警告:如果我们不采取适当的行动,这种变暖的趋势可能会持续下去,
而我们将为此付出更大的代价。
宾语
条件
状语
分句
Sentence 6
译文　我们有责任抓住每一个机会,教育每个人了解全球变暖,包括其成因和影响,因为这是
影响这个星球上我们所有人的最严重的问题。
原因状语
直接引语和间接引语
引用别人的话有两种方式,一种是讲述别人的原话,并把它放在引号里,这叫直接引语;另一种
是用自己的话来转述别人的话,并且不能用引号,这叫间接引语。直接引语和间接引语之间
可以互相转换。直接引语变成间接引语时,通常借助宾语从句,要注意以下几个问题:
情景导学1
She said, “I am very happy to help you.”→She said that she was very happy to help me.
用法归纳1
直接引语是陈述句,变成间接引语时,由①　　 引导宾语从句。
情景导学2
He asked me, “Can I do it or not ”→He asked me whether or not he could do it.
必备语法 情景破
that
He asked me,“Do you like playing football ”→He asked me whether/if I liked playing foot-
ball.
用法归纳2
直接引语是一般疑问句,变成间接引语时,由②　　　　　　 引导宾语从句。直接引语是
选择疑问句,变为间接引语时,由whether or not/whether...or not或whether...or引导。
情景导学3
He asked Lucy, “Where did you go ”→He asked Lucy where she had been.
My sister asked me,“How do you like the film ”→My sister asked me how I liked the film.
用法归纳3
直接引语是特殊疑问句,变成间接引语时,由相应的疑问词,如who、whom、whose、how、
when、why、where等引导宾语从句,语序要用③　　　　　　 语序。
whether/if
陈述句
情景导学4
They said, “We will go there by bus.”→They said they would go there by bus.
She asked me,“Are you interested in science ”→She asked me if I was interested in science.
His mother said to me, “He can't go to school.”→His mother told me that he couldn't go to
school.
用法归纳4
由直接引语变为间接引语时宾语从句人称的变化规则:从句的主语人称要遵循“一主、二
宾、三不变”的原则,即:如果直接引语的主语是第一人称,变为间接引语时要和主句的
④ 　 人称保持一致;如果直接引语的主语是第二人称,变为间接引语时要与主句的
⑤　　 人称保持一致;如果直接引语的主语是第三人称,变为间接引语时,人称⑥　　 。
主语
宾语
不变
情景导学5
She will say, “I'll do it tomorrow.”→She will say that she'll do it the next day.
He says, “I have finished my homework.”→He says that he has finished his homework.
The girl said, “I'm sorry for being late for class.”→The girl said that she was sorry for being
late for class.
The teacher said, “The earth moves around the sun.”→The teacher said that the earth moves
around the sun.
用法归纳5
直接引语变为间接引语时,从句时态的变化规则:
(1)如果主句为过去时态,则间接引语的时态变化如下表所示:
直接引语 间接引语
一般现在时 一般过去时
一般过去时 过去完成时
一般将来时 过去将来时
现在进行时 过去进行时
过去进行时 过去完成进行时
将来进行时 过去将来进行时
现在完成时 过去完成时
将来完成时 过去将来完成时
(2)如果主句是一般现在时或一般将来时,则从句的时态⑦　　 。
(3)直接引语如果是客观事实或真理,变为间接引语时,不管主句时态如何,从句的时态⑧　 。
情景导学6
He said, “These books are mine.”→He said that those books were his.
She said, “I will come this evening.”→She said that she would go that evening.
She said, “My brother wants to come with me.” →She said that her brother wanted to go with
her.
He said, “My sister was here three days ago, but she is not here now.”→He said that his sister
had been there three days before, but she was not there then.
不变
不变
直接引语 间接引语
指示代词 this that
these those
时间 状语 now then
today that day
this evening that evening
yesterday the day before/the previous day
用法归纳6
指示代词、时间状语、地点状语、方向性动词的变化如下表所示:
时间状语 last night the night before
two days ago two days before
next week the next week/the following week
tomorrow the next day/the following day
the day before yesterday two days before
the day after tomorrow in two days' time/two days after
地点状语 here there
方向性动词 bring take
come go
情景导学7
My teacher said, “Don't laugh.”→My teacher told me not to laugh.
The captain ordered, “Be quiet.”→The captain ordered us to be quiet.
用法归纳7
如果直接引语是祈使句,变成间接引语时,把动词原形变成⑨　　　 　 ,并根据情况在其前加
tell、ask、order等动词和相应的人称代词。注意:此种情况的否定句要用⑩　 　　　 。
动词不定式
不定式的否定式
即时巩固
Ⅰ.将下列直接引语改为间接引语,每空一词
1.“I never smoke a cigarette,” he said.
→He said that　　　 never 　　　 a cigarette.
2.“Do you know where she lives ” he asked me.
→He asked me 　　　　　　　 knew where she 　　　 .
3.“I bought the house 10 years ago,” he said.
→He said that he　　　 　　 the house 10 years 　　　 .
4.He asked, “How did you find the enterprise, Mother ”
→He asked his mother　　　 　　　　　 the enterprise.
5.The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.”
→The teacher said that the sun　　　 in the east and 　　　 in the west.
he
smoked
if/whether I
lived
had bought
before
how she had found
rises
sets
Ⅱ.将下列直接引语改为间接引语
1.The teacher said to him, “Be confident.”
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.“Do you like psychology ” Liu Ping asked Bob.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
3.Jenny said, “I changed my bad habits yesterday.”
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　
The teacher told him to be confident.
Liu Ping asked Bob if/whether he liked psychology.
Jenny said that she had changed her bad habits the day before/the previous day.
4.“Why are you fond of painting, Tom ” asked Nancy.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
5.He asked me, “How will Tom go to the party tomorrow ”
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　
Nancy asked Tom why he was fond of painting.
He asked me how Tom would go to the party the next day/the following day.