人教选择性必修三Unit 4 Part 2 Learning About Language & Using Language分层练习（含解析）

Part 2　Learning About Language & Using Language
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.The Smiths will give it a 　　　　(彻底的) clean before moving into the new house.
2.We were only able to make ar　　　　 estimate of how much money would be required.
3.You can't go out now because your hair is still 　　　　(潮湿的). You should be careful not to catch a cold.
4.He was among the three 　　　　(候选人) who had been competing to serve as the chairman of the student union.
5.(易错题)The main reason why I like these pieces of 　　　　(家具) is that they suit the style of my house.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.If we continue to damage nature, someday it will be cruel 　　　　　 us.
2.　　　　　(unfortunate), due to the bad weather, the annual show has been cancelled.
3.Under the 　　　　　(guide) of the hunter, we finally went out of the mysterious forest.
4.Nowadays many enterprises believe that a good 　　　　　(advertise) campaign will increase their sales.
5.By 12 April, 2024, more than two hundred people had been assigned 　　　　　(support) that mountainous area.
Ⅲ.单元语法专练
题型(一)
1.—Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for
—The new Star Wars. We 　　　　　(wait) here for more than two hours.
2.A retired engineer, 76-year-old Wilson 　　　　　(offer) free rides to college students for the past eight years.
3.The woman　　　　　(make) shoes since she was 19 years old and this year marks her 31st year in making cloth shoes.
4.Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she 　　　　　(study) English for a year.
5.In the latest UN report on global food security, the number of undernourished(营养不良) people in the world 　　　　　(rise), despite great advances in nutrition science.
6. Since June 2017, right before the arrival of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I 　　　　　(help) the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and confident speaking English.
题型(二)
用现在完成进行时或现在完成时完成句子
1.最近我们常常见面。
　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　each other frequently recently.
2.这场森林大火到现在已经烧了很多天。
Until now the forest fire　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 for dozens of days.
3.我已经修好了自行车,所以这周末我们可以去骑车了。
　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　, so we can go cycling this weekend.
4.他从8岁开始就一直在打篮球,并且已经赢得了很多奖牌。
He　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 since he was eight and has won many medals.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Recently, as I watched my son Nathan play basketball for his high school team, I was starting to feel sorry for myself and for him. His team was facing adversity on the court and he was playing in a hostile environment—it was the opponent's home gym filled with their supporters, and Nathan's team was trailing(落后) for three quarters of the game. As for me, I had been dismissed from my job earlier in the day.
During my drive home, I kept telling myself that I would find work again in a short time—I was confident in my experience and ability. This was the same belief that I tried to instill into my son.
The basketball game entered the fourth quarter with Nathan's team still trailing. I saw the resolve on his as well as his teammates' faces as they fought back to not only tie(打成平局), but then go ahead by three points. Then, a player from the other team made an unbelievable shot to tie again. With a tie game and seconds on the clock, Nathan found himself with the ball and with skill and confidence, and he proceeded to make a basket with a defender hanging all over him. The other player was called for a foul(犯规).
As Nathan stood at the foul line preparing for a shot that would put his team up by three points, I saw the focus and determination on his face—there was no room for self-doubt. Nathan was able totune out all the distractions and nail the free throw(罚球) with such skill. It was as if he had done it a thousand times.
As I sat there, my heart bursting with pride, it dawned on me that I had taught him perseverance in the face of adversity, and he had just taught me the same lesson. That brief moment of self-doubt and feeling sorry for myself was blown away by the actions of my son on the basketball court. He will play in the finals, but it doesn't matter if he wins or loses. At this moment, we both won.
1.What did the author estimate his son's team would be like at first
A.The team would finally win.　　　
B.The team would lose the home match.
C.The team would win the championship.　　　
D.The team would lose the away match.
2.What can we know about the author according to paragraph 2
A.He is hardworking and intelligent.　　　
B.He is self-confident and optimistic.
C.He is self-doubting and pessimistic.　　　
D.He is easy-going and warm-hearted.
3.What does the underlined phrase “tune out” in paragraph 4 mean
A.Avoid.　　　B.Focus.　　　C.Create.　　　D.Receive.
4.Which of the following is the best title for the text
A.Father and Son in Life　　　B.It Matters Whether You Win or Lose
C.A Lesson in Life and Basketball　　　D.Life Goes Just like Playing Basketball
Ⅱ.七选五
Tips for overcoming adversity
◆Be aware, and accept that adversity is unavoidable in life. 　1　 To avoid or resist it will only make it persist(持续). Everywhere you look in the world is full of visible difficulties. There are disasters of all types such as floods, tsunamis and wars. Although miserable pain is unavoidable, suffering is optional.
◆Build your internal resources. Before adversity hits, work on cultivating(培养) emotional vigour, courage and discipline. When you make yourself aware that certain difficulties are unavoidable, you can prepare yourself mentally for facing adversity head-on. 　2　
◆Build your external resources. Build a support system of family and friends. 　3　 We need someone to talk to, and someone to help ease the burden. You would be surprised to discover how often a friend has had a similar experience and can help you get through the difficult time.
◆What does not defeat you will make you stronger. If you do not have enough built-up resilience(韧性) or experience in dealing with difficulties, adversity can crush you. 　4　 Resilience like any muscle is built up gradually with repeated exposure to adversity.
◆Draw inspiration and learn from others who have dealt successfully with adversity. There are many inspiring stories of people who overcame seemingly insurmountable(无法克服的) difficulties. 　5　 For example, when Helen Keller was only 18 months old, she lost her sight and hearing due to a mysterious fever. She overcame her deafness and blindness to become a strong and educated woman.
A.Whether we like it or not, adversity is part of life.
B.But just knowing that a friend is there can be most comforting.
C.But if you have sufficient resilience, it will make you stronger.
D.He prepares himself physically and mentally for any possibility.
E.When the going gets tough, we all need encouragement and support.
F.Usually, when you're prepared for the worst, the worst never happens.
G.They overcame adversity to live successful lives instead of yielding to it.
1.　　　 2.　　　 3.　　　 4.　　　 5.　　　
Ⅲ.完形填空
Looking at a timeline of Kirstie Ennis' life, it's clear that to call her a go-getter would be a considerable understatement. By 31, she has made remarkable 　1　, such as gaining three master's degrees, walking 1,000 miles across England, and climbing six of the world's tallest mountains, all after 　2 　 a tragic accident.
In 2012, the former soldier　3　 survived in a helicopter crash. Undergoing surgery, she eventually lost her left 　4 　 due to serious infection. Forced into medical retirement, Ennis needed to 　5　 a way to both process her trauma(创伤) and continue to 　6　 people, one of her main reasons for joining the army.
She found the answer in the great　7　　. She began snowboarding and diving, participating in events to raise money for nonprofits. Soon, she had a more specific goal in mind: She would mount all Seven Summits—the highest 　8　 on each of the seven continents. Since 2017, she's checked six of them off her list. Next spring, she would set to explore her final 　9　, the most difficult climb, Mount Qomolangma.
She has also set up the Kirstie Ennis Foundation, offering educational and　10　opportunities to people like her and introducing medical device technology to underserved parts of the world. Its assignment is to 　11　 individuals to bravely get over the mountains in front of them.
Ennis　12　 doubt about her capabilities. “People look at me and think ‘She's small, she's a woman, and she has one leg.’ 　13　 I enjoy the challenge, and being the underdog,” She added. “I'm 　14　 of myself and I want to show people that with self-belief and 　15　, nothing is impossible.”
1.A.commitments　　　B.discoveries
C.contributions　　　D.achievements
2.A.witnessing　　　B.overcoming
C.preventing　　　D.investigating
3.A.barely　　　B.slightly
C.probably　　　D.genuinely
4.A.arm　　　B.eye
C.leg　　　D.ear
5.A.beg for　　　B.agree on
C.make up　　　D.figure out
6.A.teach　　　B.amuse
C.assist　　　D.comfort
7.A.cities　　　B.majority
C.tradition　　　D.outdoors
8.A.degrees　　　B.peaks
C.levels　　　D.awards
9.A.stage　　　B.project
C.frontier　　　D.chance
10.A.healing　　　B.cultural
C.financial　　　D.voluntary
11.A.unite　　　B.inspire
C.educate　　　D.accompany
12.A.voices　　　B.spreads
C.ignores　　　D.welcomes
13.A.Yet　　　B.Then
C.Once　　　D.Soon
14.A.proud　　　B.ashamed
C.critical　　　D.cautious
15.A.sincerity　　　B.patience
C.generosity　　　D.perseverance
答案与分层梯度式解析
UNIT 4　ADVERSITY AND COURAGE
Part 2　Learning About Language &
Using Language
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.thorough　2.rough　3.damp　4.candidates
5.furniture
易错归因
本题容易受前面these pieces of的误导,错填furnitures,我们要牢记furniture是不可数名词。
Ⅱ.1.to　考查介词。句意:如果我们继续破坏自然,总有一天它会对我们残酷。be cruel to...表示“对……残酷”。故填to。
2.Unfortunately　考查副词。句意:不幸的是,由于糟糕的天气,一年一次的演出被取消了。该空位于句首,后面有逗号,逗号后句子成分完整,所以设空处应作状语,修饰整个句子,应用副词。故填Unfortunately。
3.guidance　考查名词。句意:在猎人的指引下,我们终于走出了这片神秘的森林。under the guidance of为固定搭配, 表示“在……的指引下”。故填guidance。
4.advertising　考查名词。句意:如今,很多公司都认为良好的广告宣传活动会增加他们的销售量。设空处修饰其后的名词campaign,应用名词作定语,advertising campaign意为“广告宣传活动”。故填advertising。
5.to support　考查动词不定式。句意:截至2024年4月12日,两百多个人已经被派去支援那个山区。assign sb. to do sth.意为“指派某人做某事”,此处为其被动形式。故填to support。
Ⅲ.题型(一)
1.have been waiting　句意:——不好意思,你们在等哪部电影 ——新的《星球大战》。我们已经在这里等了两个多小时了。根据句中的for more than two hours和语境可知,我们已经等了两个多小时了,并且还有可能继续等下去,所以用现在完成进行时;主语为We,故填have been waiting。
2.has been offering　句意:76岁的威尔逊是一个退休的工程师,他在过去八年里一直为大学生提供免费乘车服务。根据句中的 for the past eight years和语境可知,威尔逊在过去的八年里一直为大学生提供免费乘车服务,并且很可能继续下去,所以用现在完成进行时;主语为第三人称单数,故填has been offering。
3.has been making　句意:这位女士从19岁起就一直在做鞋,今年是她做布鞋的第31个年头。根据句中的since she was 19 years old和语境可知,这位女士一直在做鞋,并且有可能继续做下去,所以用现在完成进行时;主语为The woman,故填has been making。
4.has been studying　句意:凯西正在阳光学校的课堂上记语法规则的笔记,她在那里学习英语已经一年了。根据句中的for a year和语境可知,凯西在那里学习英语已经一年了,并且很可能继续下去,所以用现在完成进行时;主语为she,故填has been studying。
5.has been rising　句意:在最新的联合国全球粮食安全报告中,尽管营养科学取得了巨大的进步,但是世界上营养不良的人口数量仍在增加。根据句中的In the latest UN report和语境可知,世界上营养不良的人口数量一直在增加,并且很可能继续增加,所以用现在完成进行时;“the number of+n.”作主语时谓语动词用单数,故填has been rising。
6.have been helping　句意:从2017年6月开始,就在两只新大熊猫“梦梦”和“娇庆”到来之前,我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更轻松、更自信地说英语。根据句中的Since June 2017和语境可知,“我”一直在帮助熊猫饲养员提高英语口语水平,并且很可能继续下去,所以用现在完成进行时;主语为I,故填have been helping。
题型(二)
1.We have been seeing　2.has been burning　3.I have fixed the bike　4.has been playing basketball
能力提升练
Ⅰ.◎语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者在观看儿子篮球比赛的过程中,看到儿子的球队在比赛临近尾声并处于劣势的情况下,依然满怀信心、坚持不懈,最后获得了胜利。这番情景让刚刚失业的作者消除了自我怀疑,重新燃起了努力生活的斗志。
1.D　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Recently, as I watched my son Nathan play basketball for his high school team, I was starting to feel sorry for myself and...Nathan's team was trailing for three quarters of the game.”可知,一开始的时候,作者为自己的儿子感到难过,他儿子所在的队在球场上正面临困境,他们是在客场比赛,他儿子所在的队在比赛举行了四分之三的时候处于落后状态,所以作者认为自己儿子所在的球队会输掉客场比赛。故选D。
2.B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“During my drive home, I kept telling myself that I would find work again in a short time—I was confident in my experience and ability.”可知,作者对自己充满了信心,同时也很乐观。故选B。
3.A　词义猜测题。根据画线短语后面的“nail the free throw with such skill”可知,Nathan只有“不理睬”所有让人分心的事物才能投中罚球,所以画线短语意为“不理睬”,A项“避免;避开”与此最为接近。故选A。
4.C　主旨大意题。通读全文,尤其是根据最后一段中的“That brief moment...but it doesn't matter if he wins or loses. At this moment, we both won.”可知,作者的儿子在球场上的坚持不懈教会了作者在生活中也应坚持不懈,C项“A Lesson in Life and Basketball”紧扣文章主题,最适合作为文章标题。故选C。
【高频词汇】　1.opponent n.对手　2.proceed v.接着做;继而做　3.determination n.决心　4.(be) bursting with...满怀……　5.in the face of...面对……　6.estimate v.估计
7.optimistic adj.乐观的　8.pessimistic adj.悲观的
长难句
原句　As Nathan stood at the foul line preparing for a shot that would put his team up by three points, I saw the focus and determination on his face—there was no room for self-doubt.
分析　本句为主从复合句。As引导时间状语从句;that引导定语从句,修饰先行词a shot。
译文　当Nathan站在罚球线上准备一个将使他的球队领先三分的投篮时,我看到了他脸上的专注和决心——没有自我怀疑的余地。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了几种克服逆境的方法。
1.A　细节句。空前句告诉我们逆境不可避免;空后说明避免或抵制逆境只会让它持续下去,故推测设空处也应说明逆境不可避免,A项“不管我们喜欢与否,逆境都是生活的一部分”符合语境。故选A。
2.F　细节句。设空处前文讲到,当你意识到有些困难不可避免时,你就能让自己在心理上为面对逆境做好准备,F项“通常,当你做好最坏的准备时,最坏的事情永远不会发生”顺承前文,指出了前文产生的作用,符合语境。F项中的“prepared for”与前文的“prepare”照应。故选F。
3.E　细节句。本段主旨句告诉我们建立外部资源。设空处后一句讲我们需要有人可以与之倾诉,有人帮助减轻负担,E项“当进展艰难时,我们都需要鼓励和支持”引起下文,同时与本段主旨句吻合。故选E。
4.C　细节句。本段告诉我们逆境的双重作用。设空处上一句说明如果没有足够的韧性或解决困难的经验,逆境就会摧毁你,C项“但如果你有足够的韧性,它会让你更强大”承接上文,从正反两方面描述逆境的作用,与本段主旨相符。故选C。
5.G　过渡句。根据本段主旨句可知,本段介绍了我们应向别人学习。根据设空处前一句“There are many inspiring stories of people...difficulties.”及空后具体的例子可知,G项“他们克服了逆境,而不是向逆境屈服,过上了成功的生活”承接上文,同样描述此类人克服困难,同时引出下文的例子,符合语境。故选G。
【高频词汇】　1.overcome v.克服　2.resist v.抵制;抵抗
3.ease v.减轻,缓和　4.burden n.负担;重负　5.get through度过,熬过(困难时期等);通过;接通电话
6.exposure n.暴露;面临;曝光时间;揭露
【差距词汇】　1.head-on adv.正面地　2.yield v.屈服,让步;放弃
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了Kirstie Ennis的生活经历。
1.D　考查名词。根据下文“such as gaining three master's degrees, walking 1,000 miles across England, and climbing six of the world's tallest mountains”可知,这些都是她的成就。commitment承诺,保证;discovery发现;contribution贡献;achievement成就。故选D。
2.B　考查动词。根据下文“...survived in a helicopter crash. Undergoing surgery, she eventually lost her left 　4　 due to serious infection.”可知,她经历了一场事故,而这所有的成就都是在她克服了这场事故之后实现的。witness见证;overcome克服;prevent防止;investigate调查。故选B。
3.A　考查副词。根据下文可知,她在事故中勉强生还。接受手术后,她最终因严重感染失去了左腿。barely勉强才能;slightly稍微;probably很可能;genuinely真正地。故选A。
4.C　考查名词。根据下文“People look at me and think ‘She's small, she's a woman, and she has one leg.’”可推测,她因严重感染失去了一条腿。arm臂;eye眼;leg腿;ear耳。故选C。
5.D　考查动词短语。根据上文可知,她经历事故,并因严重感染失去了一条腿;而根据下文“She found the answer in the great 　7　.”可知,她需要想出一种方法来解决当时的处境,既能处理她的创伤,又能继续帮助人们。beg for乞求;agree on就……达成一致;make up组成,编造;figure out想出,弄明白。故选D。
6.C　考查动词。上文提到她之前是一名军人,根据下文“one of her main reasons for joining the army”并结合常识和选项可知,她参军应该是为了帮助人们。teach教;amuse使娱乐;assist帮助;comfort安慰。故选C。
7.D　考查名词。根据下文“She began snowboarding and diving, participating in events to raise money for nonprofits.”可知,她决定参加户外运动。city城市;majority大多数;tradition传统;the outdoors户外。故选D。
8.B　考查名词。句中破折号后面的内容在解释Seven Summits,即七大洲的最高峰。degree度数,程度;peak顶峰;level等级;award奖品。peak是summit的同义词。故选B。
9.C　考查名词。根据上文可知,她为自己定了一个目标,即登上七大洲的最高峰,而目前她已经登上了其中的六个。由此可知,她还有最后一个边疆未去探索,也就是最难攀登的珠穆朗玛峰。stage舞台;project项目;frontier边疆,新领域;chance机会。故选C。
10.A　考查形容词。根据下文“introducing medical device technology to underserved parts of the world”可知,她想为像自己这样的人提供治疗机会。healing帮助治愈的;cultural文化的;financial金融的;voluntary自愿的。故选A。
11.B　考查动词。根据空后的“to bravely get over the mountains in front of them”可推测,她想用自己的经历激励人们战胜困难,挑战自我。unite联合;inspire激励;educate教育;accompany陪伴。故选B。
12.C　考查动词。根据下文“People look at me and think ‘She's small, she's a woman, and she has one leg.’ ...being the underdog”可知,虽然人们对她的能力抱有怀疑,但是她自己却无视这些,反而享受这种挑战。voice表达;spread传播;ignore忽视;welcome欢迎。故选C。
13.A　考查副词。空前的“People look at me and think ‘She's small, she's a woman, and she has one leg.’”和空后的“I enjoy the challenge, and being the underdog”之间构成转折关系。yet然而;then然后;once曾经;soon很快。故选A。
14.A　考查形容词。根据上文可知,她勇于挑战,取得了很多非凡的成就;再根据下文“I want to show people...nothing is impossible”可知,她为自己感到自豪。proud自豪的;ashamed羞愧的;critical批判的;cautious谨慎的。故选A。
15.D　考查名词。根据上文可知,她在失去一条腿后,仍然坚持不懈,实现了自己爬山的目标,她为自己感到骄傲。由此可知,她认为只要有自信和毅力,什么都可以实现。sincerity真诚;patience耐心;generosity慷慨;perseverance毅力,韧性。故选D。
【高频词汇】　1.considerable adj.相当大(或多)的
2.remarkable adj.非凡的;引人注目的　3.tragic adj.悲惨的　4.survive v.幸存;存活　5.eventually adv.最后;终于　6.participate in 参加　7.specific adj.明确的;具体的
8.explore v.探索;探险
【差距词汇】　1.go-getter n.(俚语)能干的人;志在必得的人　2.understatement n.保守的说法;轻描淡写
3.underserved adj.服务水平低下的　4.underdog n.失败者;弱者
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