UNIT 4 ADVERSITY AND COURAGE单元精讲精练课件-人教版选择性必修第三册

(共49张PPT)
高频词汇精讲
qualified adj.符合资格;具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)
...Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young and wasn't qualified.……沙克
尔顿拒绝了我,因为他认为我太年轻,不合格。 (教材P38)
情景导学
He is qualified to teach English at high school level.他有资格教高中英语。
With years of experience, I think I am qualified for the job of your company.由于具备多年的经
验,我认为我能胜任您公司的这份工作。 (写作·工作申请)
用法归纳
①be qualified　　 ...能胜任……;具备……的学历或资历
高频词汇 情景破
词汇 1
for
②be qualified 　　 sth.有资格做某事;具备做某事的资格
词汇拓展
①qualify v.使具备资格;使合格
qualify as取得……的资格(或学历)
qualify sb. for/to do sth.使某人有资格做某事
②qualification n.资格;资历
In terms of your qualification and ability, you are perfectly suited to the position.就你的资格
和能力而言,你完全适合这个职位。
to do
enthusiastic adj.热情的;热心的
But I was so enthusiastic about the idea of going along with them that I secretly went aboard his
ship...但是我满腔热忱想要与他们一起去,以至于我偷偷地登上了他的船…… (教材P38)
情景导学
He isn't very enthusiastic about the idea.他对这个想法不太感兴趣。
He is always enthusiastic about helping me whenever I am in trouble.每当我遇到麻烦,他总是热
情地帮助我。 (写作·人物介绍)
用法归纳
be enthusiastic　　 (doing) sth.对(做)某事充满热情/极感兴趣
词汇拓展
①enthusiastically adv.热心地;热情地;热烈地
词汇 2
about
To her surprise, the students at the school responded enthusiastically to Chinese martial arts.令
她惊讶的是,学校的学生对中国武术反应热烈。 (China Daily)
②enthusiasm n.热情,热心,热忱
enthusiasm for (doing) sth.对(做)某事的热情
If you have real enthusiasm for English, why not come and join our club 如果你的确热衷于
英语,为什么不来加入我们的俱乐部呢 (写作·邀请信)
③enthusiast n.热衷于……的人;爱好者
The resort is popular among ski enthusiasts.这个度假胜地受到滑雪爱好者的喜爱。
aboard adv.& prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)
But I was so enthusiastic about the idea of going along with them that I secretly went aboard his
ship...但是我满腔热忱想要与他们一起去,以至于我偷偷地登上了他的船……(教材P38)
情景导学
When I arrived at the airport, she had been aboard the plane.当我到达机场时,她已经上了飞
机。
After five hours of waiting, travellers finally went aboard the ship.等了5个小时后,游客终于上
了船。
用法归纳
①go aboard (the plane/ship/train)登机/上船/上火车
②be aboard the plane/ship/train在飞机上/在船上/在火车上
词汇 3
易混辨析
单词 含义 例句
aboard adv.& prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等);在(船、飞机、公共汽车等)上 All passengers aboard fell into the river.船上所有的乘客都落入了河里。
board n.板;(尤指)木板 v.上船(或火车、公共汽车、飞机等) The passengers are boarding the plane.乘客们正在登机。
abroad adv.到国外;在国外 He often goes abroad.他经常去国外。
broad adj.宽广的;宽阔的 He has very broad shoulders.
他的肩膀很宽。
assign vt.分派;布置;分配
He assigned me to be a steward, and I now serve meals for twenty-eight men, three times a day.
他指派我担任服务员,我现在每天为28个人供应三餐。 (教材P38)
情景导学
The company assigned the best employee to the position.公司指派最优秀的员工担任这个职
位。
The manager decided to assign an important task to each of them.
=The manager decided to assign each of them an important task.经理决定给他们每人分配一项
重要的任务。
I hoped he wouldn't assign me to work with the fiercely competitive and extremely serious fel-
low.我希望他不会派我和那个好胜心极强并且极其严肃的家伙共事。 (2022浙江1月)
词汇 4
用法归纳
①assign sb.　　 sth.分配/指派某人做某事
②assign sb.　　 ...分配/指派某人到(某个岗位、某项工作等)
③assign sth. 　　 sb.=assign sb. sth.分配某物给某人;分派/布置工作、任务等给某人
词汇拓展
①assignment n.任务;作业;分配;布置
Applicants in technical assignments must have reached the last year of their studies in a techni-
cal institution.技术任务的申请人必须在技术机构完成最后一年的研究。 (2021北京)
②assignee n.(权利、利益或地产的)受让人
to do
to
to
envy n.& vt.羡慕;妒忌
How everyone will envy me when I come back and tell them about the amazing places I have
been to!当我回来告诉他们我去过的那些神奇的地方的时候,他们每个人会多么羡慕我啊!
(教材P38)
情景导学
I envy you having such a big family.我羡慕你有这么一个大家庭。
When she held the gold medal, excitement was shining in her eyes, and everyone looked at her
with envy.当她拿着金牌时,她眼里闪着兴奋的光芒,并且每个人都羡慕地看着她。 (读后续
写·神态描写)
用法归纳
①envy sb. sth.羡慕某人某物
②envy sb.　　 sth.羡慕某人做某事
词汇 5
doing
③　　 envy羡慕/忌妒地
④out of envy出于羡慕/忌妒
⑤be green with envy非常忌妒;眼红
⑥be the envy of...成为……羡慕/忌妒的对象
词汇拓展
①envious adj.羡慕的;忌妒的
be envious of...羡慕/忌妒……
All her classmates were envious of her when she won first prize in the calligraphy contest.当她
在书法比赛中赢得一等奖时,她所有的同班同学都很羡慕她。
②enviously adv.羡慕地
Mark and his brother Jason were both looking at the shining new computer enviously.马克和
他的弟弟贾森都羡慕地看着那台闪闪发光的新电脑。
with
sink vi.(sank/sunk, sunk) 沉没;下沉;下降;降低;渗透;陷入;(心情)沮丧 vt.使下沉;使沉没;使某锋利物穿透(表面) n.(厨房里的)洗涤池
And when the ship sank, our hearts sank with it.当船下沉时,我们的心也跟着沉了下来。
(教材P38)
情景导学
The population of the village has sunk to just 30.这个村的人口已经降到了仅仅30。
Unfortunately, that dog sank its teeth into his arm.不幸的是,那条狗狠咬了他的胳膊。
He just sat there, resting his cheeks on his hands, sunk in thought.他只是坐在那里,双手托着脸
颊,陷入了沉思。 (读后续写·场景描写)
Having worked for a day, she was so tired that she sank into a deep sleep soon.工作了一天,她很
疲劳,很快就沉沉地睡去。
词汇 6
Jenna threw the burnt piece into the sink and put in the other slice of bread.詹娜把那片烤焦的面
包扔进洗碗槽,把另一片面包放了进去。 (2021新高考Ⅰ)
用法归纳
①sink 　　 ...下降到……
②sink...　　 ...把……插入……
③be sunk in sth.陷入(不快或沉思)中
④sink into sth.渐渐进入(消极、不快等的)状态
⑤a sinking feeling沮丧之情
⑥sink or swim不自救,必沉沦
to
into
abandon vt.舍弃;抛弃;放弃;陷入
Before we abandoned the ship, Shackleton calmly called us together...在我们弃船之前,沙克尔
顿平静地把我们叫到一起……(教材P38)
情景导学
They had to abandon their lands to the enemies.他们不得不舍弃自己的土地,让敌人占领。
Playing computer games is harmful to your health. Don't abandon yourself to this kind of plea-
sure.玩电脑游戏对你的健康有害。不要沉迷于这种快乐。 (写作·健康生活)
用法归纳
①abandon...　　 ...舍弃/抛弃……给……
②abandon oneself　　 sth.沉湎于某事;陷入(某种情感)
词汇 7
to
to
词汇拓展
abandoned adj.(人或动物)被抛弃的,被遗弃的;(房屋、车辆)被丢弃的,被废弃的
The organization was set up to take care of the abandoned animals in the city.设立这个组织是
为了照顾城市里被抛弃的动物。 (写作·动物保护)
resolve v.决定;决心;解决(问题或困难) n.决心;坚定的信念
...their perseverance, and their resolve...……他们的毅力和他们的决心…… (教材P39)
情景导学
The recent evidence strengthened his resolve to find out the truth.最近的证据坚定了他找出真相
的决心。
Influenced by my English teacher, I resolved to improve/resolved on improving my spoken Eng-
lish.在我的英语老师的影响下,我决定要提高我的英语口语水平。
用法归纳
①resolve 　　 /　 　 sth.决定做某事
②one's/the resolve 　　 sth.(某人)做某事的决心
词汇 8
to do
on doing
to do
词汇拓展
resolution n.决议;解决;坚定;决心
make a resolution to do sth.决定做某事
The student made a resolution to study harder to live up to his parents' expectations.这个学生
决定更加努力地学习以不辜负父母的期望。
cruel adj.残酷的;残忍的;冷酷的
Life was cruel to Oliver when he was young.奥利弗年轻的时候,生活对他很残酷。 (教材P40)
情景导学
I can't stand people who are cruel to animals.我无法忍受对动物残忍的人。
There is no doubt that it is cruel of us to kill wild animals for money.毫无疑问,我们为了金钱杀
死野生动物是残忍的。
用法归纳
①be cruel 　　 sb./sth.对某人/某物残酷/冷酷
②it is cruel (of sb.) 　　 sth.(某人)做某事是残忍的/残酷的
词汇 9
to
to do
词汇拓展
①cruelly adv.残酷地;非常
Both were cruelly tired, yet Becky said she thought she could go a little farther.两个人都累得
要命,但贝姬说她觉得自己还可以再走远一点。
②cruelty n.残酷;残忍;残酷的行为
guidance n.指导;引导;导航
He finally finished the research paper under his tutor's guidance.在导师的指导下,他最终完成了
研究论文。 (教材P41)
情景导学
Every household in the village received a brochure offering guidance on garbage sorting.村子里
每家每户都收到了一本指导垃圾分类的小册子。
Under the guidance of their father/Under their father's guidance, they took positive action and
started all over again.在父亲的指导下,他们采取了积极的行动,重新开始。
用法归纳
①guidance　　 ...关于……的指导
②　　 the guidance of sb.=　　 sb.'s guidance在某人的指导下
词汇 10
on
under
under
词汇拓展
①guide vt.指导;给……领路n.导游;手册;旅游指南
a tour guide导游
a guide to...……手册/旅游指南
guide sb. to/through/around...引导/指引某人到/穿过/游览……
The tour guide guided us through the busy streets to the museum.导游带领我们穿过繁忙的街
道来到博物馆。
②guided adj.有指导的;有导游的
a guided tour有导游的观光
commitment n.承诺;保证;奉献
And he paid us back by his commitment to save us from a slow but painful death.他用把我们从
缓慢而痛苦的死亡中拯救出来的承诺回报了我们。 (教材P45)
情景导学
The two countries made a commitment to live in peace.这两个国家承诺和平共处。
Her commitment to language courses got her straight A's.她对语言课程的投入使她取得了全A
的成绩。
However, we can achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment to something larger than
our own little egos.然而,只有我们对比我们自己的小我更宏大的事物做出了承诺,我们才能实
现意义。
词汇 11
用法归纳
①commitment　　 ...对……的投入/奉献
②make a commitment　　 sth.承诺做某事
③make a commitment (　　 ...)(向……)做出承诺
词汇拓展
①commit v.承诺,保证;全心全意投入;犯(罪或错等)
commit a crime犯罪
commit sb./oneself to sth./to doing sth./to do sth.承诺/保证某人/自己会做某事
The government committed itself to reforming the existing medical care system.政府承诺改革
现有的医疗保健制度。
②committed adj.尽心尽力的;投入的;坚定的
be committed to (doing) sth.全身心投入(做)某事
to
to do
to
Always believe that your goal is attainable as long as you are committed to it.永远要相信只要
你全心全意地投入,目标是可以达到的。
词汇 释义 用法& 拓展
wage n.工资 salary n.薪金;薪水　pay n.工资;薪水
辨析:wage通常指按周领的工资;salary尤指按月发放的薪水;pay是普通用词,较为宽泛,涵盖了wage和salary
bitter adj.严寒的;激烈而不愉快的;味苦的 bitterly adv.伤心地;愤怒地;极其;非常
bitterness n.苦味;怨恨
endurance n.忍耐力;耐久力 endure v.忍耐;忍受
-ance表示“行动;状况”。
如:appearance出现,外表;assistance帮助;acceptance接受;
performance表演,履行
高频词汇积累
turn sb. down 拒绝某人 turn up出现;露面;调高
turn on打开
turn off 拐弯;关掉
turn out结果是;原来是;生产;熄灭
turn to...向……求助
belongings n.[pl.]财物;动产 belong v.属于;应在(某处)
belong to sb.属于某人,归某人所有(无被动语态和进行时态)
a sense of belonging归属感(2021全国甲)
miserable adj.痛苦的;令人难受的;少得可怜的 miserable weather令人难受的天气
miserably adv.痛苦地;可怜兮兮地
misery n.痛苦;悲惨
decent adj.相当不错的;正派的;得体的 a decent job一份相当不错的工作
decently adv.像样地;合宜地
decency n.正派;得体;彬彬有礼
cosy[NAmE cozy] adj.温馨的;舒适的 cosily adv.舒适地
cosiness n.温馨;舒适
selfish adj.自私的 selfishly adv.自私地
selfishness n.自私
selfless adj.无私的
selflessly adv.无私地
selflessness n.无私
good/bad- tempered adj.脾气好的/坏的 “形容词+名词-ed”可以合成新的形容词,如:kind-hearted善良的;absent-minded心不在焉的
genuine adj.真正的;真诚的;可信赖的 genuinely adv.真诚地;真正地
genuineness n.真诚
perseverance n.毅力;韧性;不屈不挠的精神 persevere v.坚持;孜孜以求persevere in (doing) sth.坚持(做)某事
persevere with...坚持……
furniture n.[U]家具 a piece of furniture一件家具
sell most of their furniture卖掉他们的大部分家具(2021浙江)
fortunately adv.幸运地 fortunate adj.幸运的
fortune n.运气;命运
luckily adv.幸运地
lucky adj.幸运的
unfortunately/unluckily adv.不幸地;遗憾地
advertise vi.& vt.公布;宣传;做广告 advertise for征聘……,登广告征求……
advertiser n.广告商;广告公司
advertising n.广告活动;广告业
advertisement n.广告;启事;广告宣传
corporate adj.公司的;法人的;社团的 corporation n.(大)公司;法人;法人团体
rough adj.汹涌的;粗糙的;粗略的 roughly adv.大约;大致;差不多;粗暴地;粗糙地
candidate n.候选人;应试者 the candidate for...……的候选人
candidacy n.候选人的资格(或身份)
make fire (=make a fire) 生火 on fire着火;(身体某部位)火辣辣(地疼痛)
set fire to放火烧(=set...on fire)
catch fire 着火
put out the fire扑灭火
fight a fire救火
give off 放出(热、光、气味或气体) give up放弃
give away赠送;分发;颁发;错失;泄露
give way to对……让步/屈服;被……取代
give out发出,放出(热、光等);用完,耗尽;公布;分发
give in (to...)(向……)屈服/让步/投降
motive n.动机;原因;目的 the motive for...……的动机
motiveless adj.没有动机的
so/such...that...如此……以至于……
But I was so enthusiastic about the idea of going along with them that I secretly went aboard his
ship, the Endurance, and hid in a small cupboard.但是我满腔热忱想要与他们一起去,以至于我
偷偷地登上了他的船——“坚忍”号,藏在一个小橱柜里。(教材P38)
When we were finally rescued, we felt such relief and joy that many of us could not hide our
tears.当我们最终获救的时候,我们感到如此轻松和快乐,以至于我们当中的很多人无法掩饰
自己的泪水。(教材P45)
情景导学
It was so fine a day yesterday that we all went out for a picnic.昨天天气很好,我们都出去野餐
了。
经典结构 情景破
结构 1
There is so little water that they can't survive on it in the desert.水太少了,他们在沙漠里不能靠
它生存。
They are such useful books that they are sold out within hours.它们是如此有用的书,以至于几
个小时内就卖光了。
Tom was so sad that tears rolled down his cheeks.汤姆如此伤心,以至于眼泪顺着脸颊滚落下
来。 (读后续写·神态描写)
He is such a hard-working student that every teacher speaks highly of him.他是一个如此勤奋的
学生,以至于每个老师都对他高度赞扬。
Susan made such rapid progress that before long she began to write articles in Chinese for a
newspaper.苏珊进步如此迅速,以至于很快她就开始用汉语为一家报社写文章了。
用法归纳
so/such...that...意为“如此……以至于……”,引导结果状语从句,常见结构如下:
such+ +that...
so+ +that...
特别提醒
在“so+much/little+不可数名词+that...”结构中,little意为“少的”,而不是“小的”。
There is/was nothing like...没有比……更……的了。
There was nothing like a good dinner and some music to cheer us up.没有比一顿好饭和一点音
乐更能让我们振作起来的了。 (教材P44)
结构拓展
①There is nothing better than...没有比……更好的了。
And if we are feeling down or lonely, there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a
good friend.并且如果我们感到沮丧或孤独, 没有比看到好朋友的笑脸更好的了。
②have nothing in common没有共同之处
If two people have nothing in common, exchanging a few words can be difficult.如果两个人
没什么共同之处,几句话的交流可能都困难。
③have nothing to do with...和……没有关系
结构 2
Her success has nothing to do with good luck. It is years of hard training that make her the per-
son who she is today.她的成功与好运无关。是多年的艰苦训练使她成为今天的她。
if条件句中的虚拟语气
If it weren't for sea animals, we would all starve.要不是有海洋动物,我们都得挨饿。 (教材P44)
情景导学
If I were to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it.如果我明天遇见他,我就会问他这件
事的。
If it had not been for the bad weather yesterday, we would have gone to the park to fly kites.如果
不是昨天天气不好,我们就去公园放风筝了。
用法归纳
虚拟条件句可以分为对过去的情况、对现在的情况、对将来的情况的虚拟。
①对过去的情况的虚拟:从句谓语用　　 ,主句谓语用“would/should/might/could+have+过
去分词”形式;
结构 3
had done
②对现在的情况的虚拟:从句用一般过去时,主句谓语用“would/should/might/could+动词原
形”形式;
③对将来的情况的虚拟:从句谓语可用should do、　　　　　　 或动词的过去式三种形
式,主句谓语用“would/should/might/could+动词原形”形式。
结构拓展
在含有should、were、had的虚拟条件句中可省略if,把were、had、should提到句首变为倒装
结构。
Had he caught the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.如果他赶上了早
上的火车,他开会就不会迟到了。
Were she to live abroad, she wouldn't be able to see her best friends very often.如果她住到国
外,她就不能经常看到她最好的朋友们了。
were to do
Should you have any difficulty in solving this problem, you could turn to your teacher for help.
如果你在解决这个问题的过程中遇到困难,你可以寻求老师的帮助。
Sentence 1
译文　然而,当我申请参加这次探险时,沙克尔顿拒绝了我,因为他认为我太年轻,不具备资
格。
长难句 图解
时间状语
原因状语
Sentence 2
译文　当我回来告诉他们我去过的那些神奇的地方的时候,他们每个人会多么羡慕我啊!
时间状语
谓语
定语
Sentence 3
译文　我们到达后不久,沙克尔顿就离开我们,前往1,320公里之外的南乔治亚岛寻求帮助—
—这一航行对于我们所有人而言太危险、太艰难了,所以我们无法在我们的小船上完成它。
时间状语
目的
结果
Sentence 4
译文　衣服穿得太多造成过热与衣服穿得太少造成过冷几乎是一样危险的。
形式主语
原级
现在完成进行时
一、现在完成进行时的用法
1.强调动作的持续性
情景导学
They have been playing basketball all day.他们一整天都在打篮球。
Your child has been looking for an opportunity to climb out of the window.你的孩子一直在寻找
机会爬出窗户。 (2021北京)
The telephone has been ringing for almost a minute. Why doesn't anyone answer it 电话响了差
不多一分钟,为什么没人接
She has been coaching beginners to practise since she joined the dance club last year.自从去年加
必备语法 情景破
入舞蹈俱乐部以来,她一直在指导初学者练习。
用法归纳
(1)现在完成进行时的基本结构为have/has been doing。
(2)现在完成进行时表示某一动作从过去开始一直持续到现在并有可能继续进行下去。
(3)常与all day、all this time、this week、all night、recently、lately等以及for或since引出的
时间状语连用。在上下文语境清晰时,亦可不用时间状语。
2.表示动作的重复性
情景导学
I have been knocking. I don't think anybody is in.我一直在敲门。我想没人在里面。
We have been discussing the matter several times this year.我们今年已数次讨论那件事。
The weather has been changeable lately/recently so I've been having a lot of colds.最近天气变化
无常,所以我时常感冒。
用法归纳
有时现在完成进行时表示的动作并不是一直在不停地进行,而是从过去持续到现在的断断续
续重复进行的动作。
3.表示某种感彩
情景导学
Too much has been happening today.今天真是一个多事之日。
I have been wanting to see you for a long time.很长时间以来,我一直想见到你。
You are here! I have been looking for you for a long time.你在这里啊!我找了你很长时间。
用法归纳
现在完成进行时有时带有浓厚的①　　　　　 ,表示愿望或感慨等。
感彩
二、现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别
情景导学1
I have thought it over.我仔细考虑过这件事了。(影响或结果)
I have been thinking it over.我一直在仔细考虑这件事。(持续性)
用法归纳1
(1)现在完成时表示动作已②　　 ,强调动作的结果或影响。
(2)现在完成进行时表示动作在迄今为止的一段时间内持续进行并有可能继续进行下去,强
调动作的③　　　　 。
情景导学2
Recently she has helped me a lot.最近她帮了我很多。(陈述事实)
Recently she has always been helping me.最近她一直在帮助我。(赞许)
完成
持续性
I have visited your hometown recently.我最近参观了你的家乡。(陈述事实)
I have been visiting your hometown recently.我最近一直在参观你的家乡。(动作重复)
用法归纳2
现在完成时通常只陈述事实,而现在完成进行时表示动作断断续续地重复,有时带有某种感
彩。
即时巩固
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.(2023全国甲)Bo.lan 　　 　 　 (make) waves in Bangkok's culinary scene since it opened in 2009.
2.(2021全国乙)People 　　 　　 (pour) into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece.
3.China’s birth rate 　　　 　 (decrease) in recent years.
4.Here he is! We 　　　 　 (wait) anxiously for him since last night.
5.—I'm sure Joey will win first prize in the coming singing competition.
—I agree. He 　 　　　 (prepare) for it for months. And listen!He is practicing singing now.
6.My dog is missing. I 　 　　　 (look) for it recently and still haven't found it.
has been making
have been pouring
has been decreasing
have been waiting
has been preparing
have been looking
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.我一直期待着去英国旅行,我的梦想将在下个月实现。
I 　　　　　　　　　　　 to travel to the UK, and my dream will come true next month.
2.她的组织自成立以来一直在为那些被遗弃的动物筹集资金。
Her organization 　　　　　　　　 money for those abandoned animals since it was
set up.
3.自六月以来,玛丽每天晚上都去上写作课,这门课将于本周结束。
Mary 　　　　　　　 to writing classes every night since June and the course will
end this week.
have been expecting
has been raising
has been going