UNIT 5 POEMS单元精讲精练课件-人教版选择性必修第三册

(共40张PPT)
高频词汇精讲
sorrow n.悲伤;悲痛;伤心事 vi.感到悲伤
Others try to convey certain feelings such as joy and sorrow.另一些(诗)试图表达某些情感,比如
喜悦和悲伤。 (教材P50)
情景导学
If we are close friends, we should share the joys and sorrows.如果我们是密友,我们就应该同甘
共苦。 (写作·友谊)
To his great sorrow, his father died in a car accident last week.令他悲痛万分的是,他的父亲上
周丧生于车祸。
高频词汇 情景破
词汇 1
Hearing the news, she was in sorrow with tears rolling down her cheeks.听到这个消息,她很难
过,眼泪顺着脸颊流下来。
用法归纳
①　　 sorrow处于悲痛中
②　　 one's (great/deep) sorrow令某人(极其)悲痛的是
③share the joys and sorrows (with sb.) (和某人)同甘共苦
词汇拓展
①sorrowful adj.悲伤的;悲痛的;悲哀的
Seeing her sorrowful eyes, her sister came up to comfort her with a warm hug.看到她悲伤的
眼睛,姐姐走上前去安慰她,给了她一个温暖的拥抱。 (读后续写·动作描写)
②sorrowfully adv.悲哀地
in
to
be made up of由……组成(构成)
Another simple form of poem that amateurs can easily write is the cinquain, which is made up of
five lines.另一种业余爱好者能很容易地写出来的简体诗是五行诗,它是由五个诗行组成的。
(教材P51)
情景导学
Experienced doctors and volunteers make up the rescue team.经验丰富的医生和志愿者组成了
这支救援队。
=The rescue team is made up of experienced doctors and volunteers.这支救援队由经验丰富的
医生和志愿者组成。
With life being made up of ups and downs, it is not always easy to maintain a positive attitude.生
活充满了起起落落,保持一种积极向上的态度并不总是容易的。
词汇 2
用法归纳
be made up of的主动语态形式为　　 ,意为“组成,构成”。
特别提醒
consist of也表示“由……组成(构成)”, 但consist of不用于被动语态,作后置定语时要用con-
sisting of。
情景助记
B make up A=A is made up of B=A consists of B

make up
sympathetic adj.同情的;有同情心的;赞同的
In these poems the poet Tagore shows a sympathetic understanding of children's feelings.在这些
诗中,诗人泰戈尔对儿童的情感表现出同情的理解。 (教材P53)
情景导学
The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel aban-
doned.在新环境中的朋友应该赞同这一事实:你的朋友可能感觉到被抛弃。 (2022全国乙)
用法归纳
be sympathetic　　 /towards...同情……;赞同……
词汇拓展
①sympathy n.同情;赞同
have sympathy for sb.同情某人
词汇 3
to
out of sympathy(for...)出于(对……的)同情
in sympathy with/out of sympathy with赞成/不赞成;支持/不支持
We had heartfelt sympathy for the victims of the earthquake.我们对地震的罹难者表示由衷
的同情。
Out of sympathy for the homeless children, he put them up for the night.出于对这些无家可归
的孩子的同情,他留他们过夜。
The majority of people interviewed were in sympathy with the new proposal.接受采访的大多
数人都赞成这个新的建议。 (写作·表达观点)
②sympathetically adv.富有同情心地
innocence n.天真;单纯;无罪
The reason is that they can feel the warmth of love and enjoy the innocence of childhood.原因是
他们可以感受爱的温暖,享受童年的天真。 (教材P53)
情景导学
I'm sorry, but I said that in all innocence.对不起,但是我那样说完全没有恶意。
用法归纳
　　 all innocence完全没有恶意
词汇拓展
①innocent adj.天真无邪的;无罪的;无辜的;清白的 n.无辜者,单纯的人
be innocent of没犯……罪
The suspect claimed to be innocent of the robbery, but no one believed him.该犯罪嫌疑人声
词汇 4
in
称他没有犯抢劫罪,但没人相信他的话。
When she saw her mother coming back home, the little girl's innocent face glowed with joy.当
这个小女孩看见妈妈回到家时,她天真无邪的脸上洋溢着喜悦。 (读后续写·神态描写)
②innocently adv.故作天真地;佯装无知地
He took a deep breath and told his mother innocently, “I didn't do it.”他深吸一口气,装作若
无其事地告诉妈妈:“这不是我做的。”
③常见的以-ce结尾的名词转换为以-t结尾的形容词:
absence—absent(缺席的)
brilliance—brilliant(巧妙的)
confidence—confident(自信的)
distance—distant(遥远的)
intelligence—intelligent(聪明的)
patience—patient(有耐心的)
significance—significant(显著的)
silence—silent(安静的)
violence—violent(暴力的)
correspondence n.来往信件;通信联系
Browning fell in love with her poetry and then they entered into personal correspondence.布朗宁
喜欢上了她的诗歌,然后他们就开始了私人通信。 (教材P53)
情景导学
We work as volunteers and have been in correspondence with these kids for months. We know
they are thirsty for knowledge.我们作为志愿者工作,并且和这些孩子通信好几个月了。我们
知道他们渴求知识。 (写作·志愿者活动)
用法归纳
①　　 correspondence with和……通信
②keep up a correspondence保持通信联系
词汇 5
in
词汇拓展
①correspond vi.通信;符合,相一致;相当于
correspond with/to与……一致/相符
correspond to类似于;相当于
correspond with和……通信
His story of what happened that night doesn't correspond with/to the witness's version.他对那
晚发生的事的叙述与证人的说法不相符。
②corresponding adj.相应的;相关的
The profits of this company have risen by 20 percent compared with the corresponding period
last year.与去年同期相比,这家公司的利润增长了20%。
③correspondent n.记者;通讯员
a foreign correspondent驻外记者
variation n.变化;变体;差异;变奏曲
Dream Variation, for example. It was one of his most celebrated poems.例如《梦的变奏》。这
是他最著名的诗歌之一。 (教材P58)
情景导学
The survey found a great variation in the quality of the food.调查发现食品的质量存在很大的差
异。 (写作·食品安全)
It is probable that this kind of fish is a variation of the ancient creature.这种鱼可能是古代生物
的变种。
用法归纳
①a variation　　 ...……的变种
②a variation　　 ...……方面的变化/差异
词汇 6
of
in
词汇拓展
①vary v.不同;相异;变化;改变
vary in...在……方面不同
vary with...随着……变化
vary from...to...从……到……不等
Just like spoken language, body language varies from culture to culture.正如口语一样,身体语
言也因文化而异。
②variety n.不同种类;多样性;变化
a variety of=varieties of各种各样的
The movie club in our school offers a variety of/varieties of activities to students.我们学校的
电影俱乐部给学生们提供了各种各样的活动。 (写作·校园生活)
③various adj.不同的;各种各样的
We may have various ways to deal with such a situation.也许我们有各种各样的方法来应对
这一情况。
高频词汇积累
词汇 释义 用法& 拓展
drama n.戏;剧;戏剧艺术 dramatic adj.突然的;激动人心的;戏剧的;戏剧性的
dramatically adv.急剧地;戏剧性地
imagery n.形象的描述;意象;像 poetic imagery诗的意象
imagine v.想象;设想　imagination n.想象力;想象
literary adj.文学的;爱好文学的;有文
学作品特征的 literary works/criticism文学作品/评论
a simple literary form简单的文学形式(2023全国甲)
literature n.文学;著作
nursery adj.幼儿教育的 n.托儿所;保育室 nursery rhyme童谣;儿歌
nurse n.护士 v.看护;照料
nursing n.护理;看护
folk adj.民间的;民俗的;普通百姓的 folk music/tales/art民间音乐/民间传说/民间艺术
recite v.背诵;吟诵;列举(生义) recite...to sb.向某人背诵……;向某人列举……
recitation n.朗诵;逐一列举
前缀re-表示“再;重新”。
如:rebuild重建;recycle回收利用,再利用;retell复述;
review复习,回顾
dawn n.黎明;开端;萌芽 at dawn在黎明时
the dawn of...……的开端
amateur n.业余爱好者 adj.业余的;业余爱好的 an amateur photographer业余摄影爱好者
professional n.专业人士;职业选手 adj.专业的;职业的
mood n.情绪;心情;语气 in a good/bad mood心情很好/很糟
tease v.取笑(某人);揶揄;逗弄;梳理(生义) tease out梳理,梳通;探讨,深入研究
teasing adj.调侃的;戏谑的
respective adj.分别的;各自的 respectively adv.分别;各自;依次为
My two daughters are five and seven years old respectively.
我的两个女儿分别是5岁和7岁。
delicate adj.精美的;精致的;脆弱的 delicately adv.精美地;精致地;微妙地
delicacy n.柔软(性);脆弱;娇嫩
await vt.等候;等待;将发生在 A surprise awaited them.一件意想不到的事等着他们。
wait v.等;等待;等候
revolve vi.旋转;环绕;转动 revolve around/round...围绕……旋转;以……为中心
revolving adj.旋转的　a revolving chair转椅
utter vt.出声;说;讲 adj.完全的;十足的;彻底的 utter a cry发出喊叫声
utterly adv.完全地;彻底地
core n.核心;精髓;(水果的)核儿
adj.核心的 the core of...……的核心
core values核心价值观
blank n.空白;空格 adj.空白的;无图画(或韵律、装饰)的;没表情的;茫然的(生义) go blank(大脑或屏幕等)一片空白
a blank look/expression茫然的神色
the blank space空白处(2022新高考Ⅱ)
blankly adv.面无表情地;茫然地
blankness n.空白
contest n.比赛;竞赛;竞争 vt.争取赢得(比赛、选举等);争辩 win/lose a contest赢得/输掉比赛
a contest for争夺……的竞争
polish vt.修改;润色;抛光 n.上光剂;抛 光;擦亮 polish sth. (up)修改;润色
polish sth. (up) with...用……擦亮某物
polish sth. off很快做完;(尤指)迅速吃光
furniture/floor/shoe polish家具上光剂/地板蜡/鞋油
string n.细绳;线;一串;一系列 vt.悬挂;系 adj.弦乐器的;线织的 a string of一连串;一批
a string of foreign aid workers一批外国救援人员(2020新高考Ⅰ)
complicated adj.复杂的;难懂的 complicate v.使复杂化
complication n.使更复杂化的事物
prejudice n.偏见;成见 vt.使怀有(或形成)偏见 without prejudice不损害其他权益;无损于合法权利
prejudiced adj.有偏见的;带成见的;偏爱的;偏心的
“主语+be动词+形容词+不定式”结构
The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory, but they are easy to learn and re-
cite.这些诗可能没有意义,甚至看起来自相矛盾,但它们很容易学习和背诵。(教材P50)
情景导学
He is always particular about everything; that is, he is hard to deal with.他总是对一切都挑剔,也
就是说他很难对付。
Sending messages to take part in the programme is not easy for the old to do.对老人来说,发信息
参与节目不容易。
用法归纳
在“主语+be动词+形容词+不定式”结构中:
经典结构 情景破
结构
①不定式和句子主语是逻辑上的被动关系,但用主动形式表示被动意义。
②不定式中的动词是不及物动词时, 其后一般需要加上相应的　　 。
③不定式有时会带有自己的逻辑主语,这个逻辑主语常用介词　　 引出。
④该结构中的形容词用来说明不定式的特征,常见的此类形容词有difficult、hard、easy、
good、pleasant、interesting等。
结构拓展
“主语+be动词+形容词(+for sb.)+不定式”结构可转换为“It+be动词+形容词(+for sb.)+不
定式”结构。
Lily is warm-hearted and easy to get on with.=Lily is warm-hearted and it is easy to get on
with her.莉莉很热心并且容易相处。(写作·人物介绍)
介词
for
Sentence 1
译文　“清单诗”是最简单的诗歌形式之一,它包含一份有关事物、人物、想法或描述性内
容的清单,形成一个特定主题。
长难句 图解
非限制
性定语
定语
Sentence 2
译文 (对于)业余诗人(而言)容易创作的另一种简体诗是五行诗,它由五个诗行构成。
定语
非限制
性定语
Sentence 3
译文　它易于创作,而且像五行诗一样,寥寥数语即可展现一个清晰的画面,表达一种特殊的
情感。
状语
Sentence 4
译文　有这么多不同种类的诗歌可以选择,你最终可能想写你自己的诗了。
动词不
定式
定语从句
在主从复合句中,担任定语功能的从句叫作定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。定语
从句位于先行词之后。定语从句的引导词有关系代词和关系副词两类。
一、定语从句的分类
情景导学
She is the nurse who looks after the children.她就是照料这些孩子的护士。
This letter is from my sister, who is working in a factory.这封信是我的姐姐寄来的,她正在一家
工厂工作。
Students should keep in mind those regulations which restrict their behavior.学生应牢记那些规
范自己行为的准则。
必备语法 情景破
I gained a better understanding of Irish culture during the festival, which has great significance
for the cultural exchanges between China and Ireland.在节日期间,我对爱尔兰文化有了更好的
了解,这对中国和爱尔兰之间的文化交流具有重要意义。
用法归纳
根据定语从句与先行词之间关系的紧密程度,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定
语从句。①　　　　　　 紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句删除后会影响整个
句子的表达;②　　　　　 　 与主句之间通常用逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如删除,意思仍
完整。
二、关系代词的用法
1.关系代词的具体用法
情景导学
As is known to all, China is in the east of Asia.众所周知,中国位于亚洲东部。
限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
Do you know everybody that came to the party 你认识来参加聚会的每个人吗
The man (who/whom) you met just now is called Jim.你刚才遇见的那个人叫吉姆。
This is the present(that/which) Jack gave me for my birthday.这是杰克送给我的生日礼物。
What's the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor 那个妹妹是医生的年轻人叫什么名
字
It is hard to name a comedy star who hasn't been on the stage here.很难说出一位没有登上过这
里的舞台的喜剧明星的名字。 (2022全国甲)
用法归纳
引导定语从句的关系代词有that、which、who、whom、whose、as。
(1)that既可指物,也可指人,在定语从句中作主语、③　　 、表语,作宾语时可省略。
(2)which指物,在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语,作④　　 时,在限制性定语从句中可省略。
宾语
宾语
(3)who和whom指人,⑤　　 在定语从句中作主语或宾语;⑥　　 在定语从句中只能作宾
语。
(4)whose指人或物,在定语从句中作⑦　　 ,后面一定紧跟名词。
(5)as指人、物或事,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
2.宜用that不宜用which的情况
情景导学
This is the only bike that I can afford.这是我能买得起的唯一的自行车。
Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop 你有什么东西要在商店里买吗
This is the most interesting book that I have ever read.这是我读过的最有趣的一本书。
I can remember well the persons and pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚地记得我在那个
房间见到的人和照片。
who
whom
定语
用法归纳
(1)先行词是all、few、little、nothing、everything、⑧　 　 等不定代词时,宜用that不宜用
which。
(2)先行词被⑨　 　 、the very、no等修饰时,宜用that不宜用which。
(3)先行词被序数词或⑩　　 　 　 修饰,或先行词本身是序数词或形容词最高级时,宜用
that不宜用which。
(4)先行词 　　　 　　 时,宜用that不宜用which。
3.宜用which不宜用that的情况
情景导学
This is the room in which the great scientist lived.这是这位伟大的科学家居住过的房间。
China Today attracts a worldwide readership, which shows more and more people in the world
want to learn about China.《今日中国》吸引了世界各地的读者,这表明世界上越来越多的人
想了解中国。
anything
the only
形容词最高级
既有人又有物
用法归纳
(1)引导 　　　 　 时,宜用which不宜用that。
(2)关系代词前有 　　 时,宜用which不宜用that。
(3)先行词本身是that时,宜用which不宜用that。
(4)关系代词后有插入语时,宜用which不宜用that。
4.宜用who不宜用that的情况
情景导学
There are many young men who are against him.有许多年轻人反对他。
Those who have good manners will be respected.那些有礼貌的人会受到人们的尊重。
Anyone who wants to apply for this job signs here.想要申请这份工作的人在这里签名。
非限制性定语从句
介词
用法归纳
(1)先行词是指人的不定代词one、ones、 　　 等时,宜用who不宜用that。
(2)先行词是指人的 　 　 时,宜用who不宜用that。
(3)存现句中,主语是指人的名词时,宜用who不宜用that。
5.as引导的定语从句
情景导学
I have got into the same trouble as he has.我惹了和他一样的麻烦。
As was expected, he succeeded at last.正如我们所料,他终于成功了。
We don't have so much food as you need.我们没有你需要的那么多食物。
You can take as many candies as you want.你想拿多少糖果就拿多少糖果。
anyone
those
Such reasons as we give can persuade him to give up this foolish plan.我们给出的这些理由可以
说服他放弃这个愚蠢的计划。
My grandfather is fond of talking about the good old days, as is often the case with old people.我
爷爷喜欢谈论过去的美好时光,这种情况在老年人中较为常见。
用法归纳
(1)as引导限制性定语从句时,先行词有as、so、such或the same修饰。
(2)as引导非限制性定语从句时,意为“ 　　 ”,指代的是整个主句的内容。常用的表达有:
as is often the case情况常常是这样
as has been said before正如之前所说
as is reported/expected正如报道/预料的那样
as we all know=as is known to us all众所周知
正如;正像
三、关系副词的用法
情景导学
Do you know the date when he was born 你知道他的生日在哪一天吗
The reason why I don't trust him is that he often tells lies.我不信任他的原因是他经常撒谎。
This couple have reached the point where they have to separate from each other.这对夫妻已经到
了必须分居的地步。
Opposite is St. Paul's Cathedral, where/in which you can hear some lovely music.对面是圣保罗
大教堂,在那里你能听到一些优美的音乐。
用法归纳
(1)当先行词是表示时间、地点或原因(一般为reason)的名词,并且定语从句中缺少状语时,用
关系副词引导定语从句。引导定语从句的关系副词有 　　 、where、why。有时可用
“ 　　 　　 ”结构替换关系副词。
when
介词+which
(2)当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词,如point、situation、case、stage、 condition等时,如
果关系词在从句中作状语,常用关系副词 　 　 引导定语从句;如果作主语、宾语或表语,
则用关系代词that或which引导定语从句。
(3)why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
四、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
情景导学
I'll never forget the time during which I lived in the country.我永远不会忘记我在乡村生活的那
段时光。
The leather shoes trade is the career to which the Greens are devoted.皮鞋生意是格林一家非常
投入的事业。
The colorless gas without which we can't live is called oxygen.这种离开它我们就不能存活的无
色气体被称为氧气。
where
In the dark street, there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help.在昏暗的街道上,
没有一个她可以求助的人。
用法归纳
“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时,若先行词指人,关系代词常用 　　 ;若先行词指物,
关系代词常用which。“介词+关系代词”中介词的确定应依据与先行词搭配的具体意义、
定语从句中动词或形容词的某种习惯搭配以及句子所表达的意思。
特别提醒
有些“动词+介词”短语中的介词若提前将会失去短语动词的意义,因此不可把介词置于关
系代词前。
whom
即时巩固
单句语法填空
1.(2023北京)Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, 　　　　 thou-
sands were attending a water conference.
2.(2022全国甲)On the 1,100-kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, 　　　　 lost his
eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces.
3.(2021天津3月)William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes from
　　　 we can learn without repeating them.
4.Anyone　　　　 breaks the law should be punished.
5.Miss Lin is such a good teacher 　　　　 we love and respect.
6.I live next door to a couple 　　　　 children often make a lot of noise.
where
who
which
who
as
whose
7.　　　　 the old saying goes, all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
8.The man with 　　　　 you shook hands just now is head of our department.
9.He talked about the people and books 　　　　 interested him greatly in the school.
10.The reason 　　　　 he was late for the meeting was that he was held up by a traffic jam.
11.We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, 　　　　 the weather may be better.
12.Nowadays many old people don't like the way in 　　　　 some children talk to their par-
ents.
13.Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill　　　　 which school education de-
pends.
14.In 1971, the Apollo 15 staff left a sculpture to honor those 　　　　 had died in the space
exploration.
As
whom
that
why
when
which
on/upon
who
15.To get her attention, I began to do a magic trick, 　　　　 has made her scared and anxious
look replaced with loud laughter.
which