Unit 5 Revealing nature单元精讲精练课件-外研版选择性必修第一册

(共37张PPT)
　　The captain of the ship, the Beagle, wanted someone who would “profit by the opportunity
of visiting distant countries yet little known”.“贝格尔号”的船长想要这样一个人:他将“从
访问鲜为人知的遥远国家的机会中受益”。 (教材P66)
情景导学
It seems that the school life in senior high school is distant from that of his junior high school.高
中的学校生活似乎与他初中的学校生活相去甚远。
高频词汇精讲
高频词汇 情境破
词汇1 distant adj.遥远的;不友好的;冷淡的;远亲的
用法归纳
be distant　　 离……遥远;与……不同
词汇拓展
①distance n.距离;(空间的)遥远;(时间的)久远;冷淡,疏远
in the distance在远方;在远处
at/from a distance从远处;离一段距离
keep sb. at a distance与某人保持一定距离
within walking distance步行就能到
The old man stood on the top of the tower,looking at the trees in the distance.老人站在塔顶上,
看着远处的树。
As she picked her way carefully along the stream, a familiar figure came up to her from a dis-
from
tance.当她小心翼翼地沿着小溪走着时,一个熟悉的身影从远处朝她走了过来。读后续写·场
景描写
Learning that other students always keep you at a distance, I am writing to offer you some sug-
gestions.得知其他学生总是和你保持一定距离,我写信给你提供一些建议。写作·建议信
②distance v.拉开距离;与……疏远
distance sb./oneself from sb./sth.使某人/自己远离某人/某事,使某人/自己撇清和某人/某事的
关系
　　The person who answered the call was not the captain’s first choice.响应号召的人并非船
长的首选。 (教材P66)
词汇拓展
含有answer的其他常用短语:
①answer the phone/a call接听电话
②answer the door应门
③answer (sb.) back顶嘴;还嘴;为自己辩护
Don’t answer back;it’s not polite.不要顶嘴,这样不礼貌。
④answer for sth.对某事负责;因某事受到谴责
Their coach must answer for the team’s poor performance.他们的教练必须为这个队的不佳
词汇2 answer the call 响应号召
表现负责。
⑤answer for sb.代表某人讲话;代表某人的意见
⑥answer to sb. (for sth.)(因某事)向某人负责
The young man in question, Charles Darwin, was a geologist and naturalist, fascinated by rocks,
plants and animals.这位被提及的年轻人就是地质学家兼博物学家查尔斯·达尔文,他对岩石和
动植物有着浓厚的兴趣。(教材P67)
词汇拓展
含有question的其他常用短语:
①beyond question不容怀疑的
Our head teacher s teaching ability and popularity are beyond question.我们的校长的教学能
力和受欢迎(程度)是毋庸置疑的。
②without question毫无疑问;毫无异议地(接受或服从)
Yuan Longping is without question one of the most outstanding scientists in our country.毫无
词汇3 in question 正被讨论的;有疑问,不确定
疑问,袁隆平是我们国家最杰出的科学家之一。写作·人物介绍
③out of the question不可能的;不值得讨论的
Since I was only working part-time, paying these debts was out of the question.由于我只是做
兼职,所以不可能还这些债。
　　Darwin suspected that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor, which had arrived
on the islands a long time before.达尔文怀疑这些雀科小鸟是由一个共同的祖先进化而来的,
这个祖先很久以前就来到了岛上。 (教材P68)
情景导学
What made you suspect her of taking the money 是什么使你怀疑她拿走了钱
Judging from his nervous expression, the police suspected him to be a pickpocket.从他紧张的表
情来看,警察怀疑他是个扒手。
Three suspects were arrested today in connection with the attack.三名与该袭击事件有关的嫌疑
人今天被逮捕了。
词汇4 suspect v.猜想,怀疑,觉得 n.嫌疑犯,可疑对象
用法归纳
①suspect (that)...怀疑……,猜想……
②suspect sb. 　　 (doing) sth.怀疑某人(做了)某事
③suspect sb./sth. 　　 ... 怀疑某人/某物是……
of
to be
　　The extinction of the Pinta Island tortoise is blamed on humans.平塔岛陆龟的灭绝被归咎
于人类。 (教材P71)
情景导学
Don’t always blame your failure on others.不要总是把你的失败归咎于别人。
When getting along with others, we shouldn’t always blame others for mistakes. After all, many
times we are also to blame. So instead of blaming others, we should communicate more and put
ourselves in others’ place.当和其他人相处时,我们不应该总把错误归咎于其他人。毕竟,很多
时候我们也负有责任。因此,我们应该多交流、换位思考,而不是指责其他人。 写作·人际
交往
Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and always put the blame on the alarm clock.
词汇5 blame v.责怪,指责;把……归咎于 n.(坏事或错事的)责任;责备;指责
很多人发现早上起床很难,并往往归咎于闹钟。
用法归纳
动　①sb./sth. be 　　 　 (for sth.) 某人/某物应承担(某事的)责任;某人/某物该(因某事)受责
备(用主动形式表示被动意义)
②blame sb. 　　 sth.因某事而责备某人
③blame sth. 　　 sb.把某事归咎于某人
名　④put/lay the blame(for sth.) 　　 sb./sth.(把某事)归咎于某人/某物
⑤bear/take/accept/shoulder the blame (for sth.)(对某事)承担责任
to blame
for
on
on
　　After goats in particular had been brought to the island, the Pinta Island tortoise population
declined.特别是当山羊被带到平塔岛上后,平塔岛陆龟的数量就下降了。 (教材P71)
情景导学
The number of tourists to the scenic spot has declined by 10% in recent years to only 5 million.近
年来,来该景区的游客数量下降了10%,仅为500万。
In spite of many invitations, he would always decline to visit Oxford.尽管多次受到邀请,他还是
拒绝访问牛津。
According to the United Nations, Italy’s population is expected to decline from 57 million to 41
million by 2050. 据联合国的预测,到2050年,意大利的人口预计从5,700万减少到4,100万。
As the economy was in decline, some people in the town had lost their jobs.由于经济衰退,镇上
词汇6 decline vi.减少;下降;衰退 vt.& vi.谢绝;婉言拒绝 n.减少;下降;衰退
有些人失去了他们的工作。 (2020新高考Ⅰ)
用法归纳
动　①decline 　　 减少了……
②decline (from...) 　　 ... (从……)减少/下降到……
③decline an offer/invitation谢绝对方的主动帮助/邀请
④decline 　　 sth.谢绝/拒绝做某事
名　⑤be 　　 decline=be on the decline 处于下降/衰退中
词汇拓展
常见的表示“减少”的动词(短语)还有:fall、drop、decrease、go down等;常见的表示“增
加”的动词(短语)有:increase、rise、go up等。
by
to
to do
in
　　Some of these chemicals drive insects away.这些化学物质中的一些能驱赶昆虫。 (教材
P74)
词汇拓展
含有drive的其他常用短语:
①drive off驱车离去,驶去
I watched several people go by, get into their cars and drive off.我看到有几个人经过,上了车,
然后开车离开了。读后续写·动作描写
②drive sb. crazy/mad把某人逼得发疯/发狂
③drive sb. to do sth.迫使/驱使某人做某事
His passion for traditional Chinese culture drives him to come to China.他对中国传统文化的
词汇7 drive...away 把……赶走
热爱驱使他来到中国。
Most surprisingly of all, plants have an amazing system of communication that can link nearly
every plant in a forest.最令人惊讶的是,植物具有一套不可思议的通信系统,能够将一片森林
中的几乎所有植物联系在一起。(教材P76)
情景导学
The new bridge will link the island with/to the mainland.这架新的桥梁将把该岛与大陆连接在
一起。
In Chinese culture, red is usually linked with/to joy and celebration.在中国文化中,红色通常与
高兴和庆祝有关。写作·传统文化
Undoubtedly, social customs provide a vital link between the present and the past.毫无疑问,社会
习俗在现在和过去之间起到了重要的纽带作用。
词汇8 link v.把……联系起来;连接 n.联系;连接;关系,纽带;链接
用法归纳
动　①link A 　 　 B把A和B连接/联系起来;说明A和B有联系
②be linked 　　 与……有关
名　③a link between A 　　 B A与B之间的关系/纽带
④click on the link 点击链接
with/to　
with/to
and
词汇拓展
表示“把……与……连接/联系起来”的词组还有:
①connect...with/to...把……与……连接起来
②join...to/and...把……与……连接起来
③associate...with...把……与……联系起来
④relate...to...把……与……联系起来
词汇 释义 用法&拓展
evolve v.进化;逐步发展 evolve from earlier ancestors由早期祖先进化而来
evolve into...逐步发展成……
evolution n.进化;演化;发展
lead to the evolution of physi-cal characteristics导致身体特征的进化(2020全国Ⅲ)
generate v.产生,创造 At present it is expected to generate ￡240m for the year ending in April 2019,which will go to school sports.目前,预计在截至2019年4月的一年中,它将创造2.4亿英镑的收入,这些收入将用于学校体育。(2022全国乙)
generation n.一代(人)the generation gap代沟
近　 produce v.生产;制造 　create v.创造
高频词汇积累
primitive adj.原始的;低等的;旧式的,简陋的(生义) a primitive society原始社会
primitive man原始人
The original station buildings were quite primitive.最初的车站建筑很简陋。
detect v.发现,察觉(尤指不易察觉到的事物) High levels of lead have been detected in the atmosphere.在大气中检测到高浓度的铅。
detection n.察觉,发现　　
de-tector n.探测器;侦察器
detective n.警探;私人侦探
We hope the detection will raise public awareness of air
protection.我们希望这一发现能提高公众对空气保护的意识。
root n.根;问题的根源;起因(生义) v.生根 take root(植物)生根;(思想)植根,深入人心(后常跟介词in)be/lie at the root of sth.是某事物的根本原因
get to the root of the problem找到问题的根源
　　It was not published until 1859 and immediately caused a storm.这本书直到1859年才出版,
出版后立即引起轰动。 (教材P68)
情景导学
I didn’t see the raspberries held in her sharp mouth until the moment she got closer.
→It was not until the moment she got closer that I saw the raspberries held in her sharp mouth.
→Not until the moment she got closer did I see the raspberries held in her sharp mouth.直到它离
我越来越近,我才看到它尖尖的嘴里衔着覆盆子。 (2023浙江1月)
He didn’t realize the value of a healthy body until he got seriously sick.
→It was not until he got seriously sick that he realized the value of a healthy body.
→Not until he got seriously sick did he realize the value of a healthy body.直到他生重病,他才意
经典结构 情境破
结构1 not...until...句型
识到一个健康的身体的价值。
用法归纳
not...until...句型意为“直到……才……”。not until还有两种结构:
①not...until...的强调句结构:It is/was+　　　　　 +从句/表时间的词+　　 +句子其余部
分.
②not...until...的倒装句结构:　　　　　 +从句/表时间的词+助动词/情态动词+主句的主语
/主语+句子其余部分.
not until
that
Not until
　　Gregor Mendel chose to study pea plants because their characteristics were easy to control.
格雷戈尔·孟德尔选择研究豌豆植物,因为它们的特性容易控制。 (教材P70)
情景导学
These signs are hard to see clearly.这些标志令人难以看清。
The noisy surroundings are difficult to tolerate.嘈杂的环境令人难以忍受。读后续写·环境描写

He is always particular about everything; that is, he is hard to deal with.他总是对一切都挑剔,也
就是说他很难对付。
结构2 “主语+be+形容词+不定式”结构
用法归纳
在“主语+be+形容词+不定式”结构中常使用不定式的①　　 形式表示被动意义。使用
此结构需具备两个前提条件:
(1)形容词用来说明不定式的特征。常见的此类形容词有difficult、hard、easy、good、
pleasant、interesting等。
(2)此结构中的主语是不定式的逻辑②　　 。
注意:若不定式中的动词为不及物动词,其后应该加相应的③　　 。
主动
宾语
介词
Sentence 1
长难句 图解
译文　这位被提及的年轻人,查尔斯·达尔文,是一位地质学家兼博物学家,他对岩石、植物
还有动物非常着迷。
后置定语　
后置定语　
Sentence 2
译文　达尔文在南美洲度过一段时间后,他船上的房间里堆满了他收集到的动植物样本。
时间状语　
that/which　
Sentence 3
译文　1835年,当“贝格尔号”抵达加拉帕戈斯群岛的时候,达尔文发现了各种各样的新物
种,但是其中最令他感兴趣的是鸟类。
时间状语　
强调
Sentence 4
译文　我们一直觉得,会说话的植物是幻想出来的,但新的研究揭示出一些令人惊奇的事
情:植物似乎真的能交流。
状
宾语
表语
过去完成时
一、过去完成时的定义和构成
情景导学
By the age of twelve, Edison had begun to make a living by himself.到十二岁那年,爱迪生就已
经开始自己谋生了。
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.汤姆很失望,
当他到达宴会时,大部分客人已经走了。
必备语法 清单破
用法归纳
1.过去完成时由“助动词①　　 +动词的过去分词”构成;
2.过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去的某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束,即发生在
“②　　　　　 ”;也可表示从过去某一时间开始的动作或状态一直延续到过去的另一时
间。过去完成时常与by、for、before、since等构成的表示时间的介词短语或由after、be-
fore、since、when、by the time等引导的时间状语从句连用。
二、过去完成时的基本用法
情景导学
When I woke up, it had already stopped raining.我醒来时,雨已经停了。
He said, “We have got two first places in the competitions.”
→He said that they had got two first places in the competitions.他说他们已经在比赛中得了两
had
过去的过去　
个第一。
We had hoped to be able to come and see you.我们本来希望能来看看你。
用法归纳
1.在包含when、before、after、until等连词的主从复合句中,如果主句谓语和从句谓语表示
的过去的动作是在不同时间发生的,那么先发生的动作通常需要用③　　　　　 ,后发生
的动作用④　　　　　 ;
2.在told、said、knew、heard、thought等动词后的宾语从句或间接引语中,常用过去完成时
表示从句中的动作发生在主句中过去的动作⑤　　 ;
3.think、want、hope、mean、plan、intend等动词表示过去⑥　　 实现的想法、希望、打算或意图等时,常用过去完成时。
特别提醒
在before、after引导的时间状语从句中,由于before和after本身已表达了动作的先后关系,若
主、从句表示的动作紧密相连,则主、从句多用一般过去时。
过去完成时
一般过去时　
之前
未曾/没有
After he arrived in England, he worked hard to improve his English.他到达英格兰之后,努力提
高他的英语水平。
三、过去完成时的常用句型
情景导学
I had no sooner reached home than it began to rain.=No sooner had I reached home than it began
to rain.我刚到家就开始下雨了。
It was the second time that I had ever visited your school.那是我第二次参观你们的学校。
This was the best advice that I had ever given to my friend.这是我给过我朋友的最好的建议。
It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.我们有十年没那么高兴过了。
用法归纳
过去完成时常用于以下几个固定句型中:
1.表示“一……就……”的几个句型:scarcely/hardly...when...、no sooner...than...中,scarce-
ly、hardly、no sooner所在主句中的谓语动词应用⑦　　　　　 ,而when、than引导的从
句应用⑧　　　　　 ;
2.在句型“This/It was the first/second/...time+that从句”或“This was the+形容词最高级+名
词+that从句”中,⑨　　 常用过去完成时;
3.“It was+一段时间+⑩　　 从句”句型中,从句常用过去完成时。
过去完成时　
一般过去时　
从句
since
即时巩固讲
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.(2023新课标Ⅱ)It felt great to know that I 　 　　　 (help) bring this family together again.
2.(2022全国乙)Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they realized what
they 　　　 　 (undertake).
3.(2020新高考Ⅰ)One morning she told her children about a family she 　　　　 (visit) the
day before.
4.(2020浙江)By about 6000 BC, people 　 　　　 (discover) the best crops to grow and ani-mals to raise.
5.(2019天津)I 　　　 　 (hope) to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage,but I
couldn’t manage it.
had helped
had undertaken
had visited
had discovered
had hoped
6.(2019天津改编)No sooner had she left my doorstep than I 　　　　 (have) emails from two
women whose kids go to my son s nursery and who recognized my face.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.这是他第三次犯同样的错误了。
It was the third time that 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 .
2.我刚到家大雨就倾盆而下。
Hardly 　　　　　　　　　　　 when the rain poured down.
3.自从他离开北京已经十年了。
It was ten years since 　　　　　　　　　　　 .
4.她在来这个机构前已学过一些英语了。
　　 　　　　　　　　　　 　 before she came to the institute.
had
he had made the same mistake
had I got home
he had left Beijing
She had learned some English
5.到昨天结束时,我们已经收到了来自世界各地的一千多封信。
By the end of yesterday, 　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　 from all over the world.
we had received over 1,000 letters