(共113张PPT)
Section Ⅲ
Using language
NO 1
语法专区——落实“形式—意义—使用”三维动态语法观
NO 4
课时跟踪检测
目 录
NO 2
听说专区——在主题活动中提升语言技能
NO 3
新知学习/核心语言点集中释解
(语法项目——主语从句)
No.1 语法专区/落实“形式—意义—使用”三维动态语法观
初识语法——在美文运用中体悟
背美文 The major construction work on the world's longest cross-sea bridge was completed① on Oct.24th, 2018, which connects Zhuhai in Guangdong Province with Hong Kong and Macao.So far, more than 400,000 tonnes of steel have been used② for the 6.7km undersea tunnel and 22.9km bridge.
续表
背美文 It was reported that the travel time from Hong Kong to both Zhuhai and Macao would be cut③ greatly.History has been made in many aspects by the project.It was the first time that an immersed tube tunnel had been built④ in open waters in China.
续表
背美文 Besides, it is predicted that the bridge can be operated⑤ for 120 years.Because of the progress of “Made in China”， more construction is being realized⑥ or will be realized⑦ in the near future.The “China technology” and “China standard” set by the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge will even influence the world market.
续表
悟语法 ①中was completed为一般过去时的被动语态；
②中have been used为现在完成时的被动语态；
③中would be cut为过去将来时的被动语态；
④中had been built为过去完成时的被动语态；
⑤中can be operated为含有情态动词的被动语态；
⑥中is being realized为现在进行时的被动语态；
⑦中will be realized为一般将来时的被动语态。
慧学语法——在归纳演绎中学通
一、被动语态的基本构成形式
被动语态的基本结构：“be＋及物动词的过去分词”。
被动语态的谓语动词有各种时态变化，以动词 take 为例，其常见时态的被动形式如下表所示：
一般现在时 am/is/are taken 一般过去时 was/were taken
现在进行时 am/is/are being taken 过去进行时 was/were being taken
现在完成时 have/has been taken 过去完成时 had been taken
一般将来时 will/shall be taken 过去将来时 would/should be taken
[对点练] (用所给词的适当形式填空)
①(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, ___________(build) at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes' walk from Shakespeare's birthplace.
②(2024·1月九省联考卷)Fountain pens __________(use) in schools long ago and have been regaining popularity lately because they are refillable.
was built
were used
③(2023·浙江1月高考)Citizens of higher social classes ______________(permit) to live closer to the center of the circles.
④(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)If it ___________ (not turn) in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero.
⑤(2022·浙江1月高考)Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like — frequently by plane —__________________
__________ (view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.
were permitted
is not turned
is viewed/has been
viewed
⑥(2021·全国甲卷)It ________(build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复)．
⑦The physics lesson ____________ (teach) in the lab tomorrow.
⑧My washing machine ________________ (repair) this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.
was built
will be taught
is being repaired
二、被动语态的特殊结构形式
1．谓语部分含有情态动词的被动语态
情态动词(may, might, can, could, will, would, should, ought to, must, need)＋be＋过去分词。
Nowadays, solar energy can be used to produce electricity in many countries.现在太阳能在许多国家可以用于发电。
A real sense of achievement and happiness may be felt.
可能感觉到一种真正的成就感和幸福感。
[对点练]
(1)用所给词的适当形式填空
①(2024·浙江1月高考)However, though it's nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes _________ (offer) in smaller packs.
②(2024·全国甲卷)What should _______(do) with such a beautiful place
be offered
be done
③(2023·全国甲卷)Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through the ages can still ____________(employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
④(2022·全国乙卷)The more regularly they can ________________
(inspect), the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance _________________ (improve)．
be employed
be inspected
will be improved
⑤The artist was sure he would ___________ (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor's chief minister, the old man laughed.
(2)句型转换
⑥Teachers can use it in the classroom.
→It _________________________ by teachers.
⑦You needn't do it now.
→It _________________ (by you) now.
be chosen
can be used in the classroom
needn't be done
2．使役动词和感官动词的被动语态
(1)在使役动词have, make以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面的不定式作宾语补足语时， 在主动结构中不定式 to 要省略， 但变为被动结构时，要加上to。 get, leave, cause 等使役动词的宾语补足语是带 to 的不定式，变为被动语态时该不定式不变。
My father made me stay up late to finish my homework.(表示主动)
I was made to stay up late to finish my homework by my father.(表示被动)
[对点练] (句型转换)
①I didn't notice her enter the office.
→She _____________________ the office.
wasn't noticed to enter
②Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.
→A stranger ______________________________.
③She left her estate to her daughter.
→Her estate _____________________.
was seen to walk into the building
was left to her daughter
(2)有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面，通常变为主语的是间接宾语。
His mother gave him a present for his birthday.
→ He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.
他妈妈送给他一份生日礼物。
3．动词短语的被动语态
动词短语是一个整体，不可丢掉它后面搭配的介词或副词。
It is said that a new railway station will be set up in my hometown.据说在我的家乡将建造一座新火车站。
The baby is being taken care of by his grandmother.
这个婴儿正由他的祖母照顾。
Such a strange story has never been heard of.
这样奇怪的事情还从没有听说过。
[对点练] (句型转换)
①My sister gave me a big cake.
→ ____________________by my sister.
②We should make good use of every chance.
→Every chance should ____________________.
I was given a big cake
be made good use of
三、使用被动语态应注意的几个问题
1．主动形式表示被动意义
(1)当feel, look, smell, taste, sound 等系动词后面接形容词/名词构成系表结构时；当cut, read, sell, wear, write, wash, cook, shut, dry, drink 等表示某种属性且带有修饰语时；当动词表示“开始、结束、运动”等意义时。
The fish smells good.这鱼闻起来很香。
The book written by that famous writer sells very well.
那位著名作家写的书很畅销。
Cotton feels soft.棉花摸起来很柔软。
These cups clean easily.这些杯子容易洗。
The museum doesn't open on Monday.这个博物馆星期一不开放。
[名师点津] 经常使用主动语态的短语：come out, come into being, go off, run out, give out, give in。
(2)want, require, need后面用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，或用不定式的被动形式。
These flowers require watering/to be watered. 这些花需要浇水。
(3)“be＋adj.＋to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动形式表示被动含义。
He isn't easy to get along with. 他不容易相处。
[对点练] (翻译句子)
①我的房子需要修理了。
My house needs repairing/to be repaired.
②老年人需要细心照料。
The old require looking after/to be looked after carefully.
③这个问题容易回答。
This question is easy to answer.
④这个包背起来很重。
The bag is very heavy to carry.
2．含被动语态的固定句型
“It is＋过去分词＋that 从句”这一句型的常见形式有：
It is believed that ... 人们相信……
It is said that ... 据说……
It is hoped that ... 人们希望……
It is thought that ... 人们认为……
It is reported that ... 据报道……
It is (well) known that ... 众所周知……
It is supposed/considered that ... 人们认为……
It is agreed that ... 人们一致同意……
It is judged that ... 据判断……
It is proved that ... 事实证明……
It is estimated that ... 据估计……
It is believed that he has been working hard.
大家相信他一直努力工作。
It is reported that the Chang'e-5 probe has successfully completed China's first extraterrestrial sample return mission.
据报道，“嫦娥五号”探测器圆满完成我国首次外星球采样返回任务。
[名师点津] 以上句式大多数可转换为Sb./Sth.is said/believed/thought/reported/...to ...句型。
It is said that the news tops the list of conversation topics on the Internet.
→The news is said to top the list of conversation topics on the Internet.
据说这条新闻成为互联网最热门的话题。
[对点练] (句型转换)
①People say you are a real hero.
→You _____________ a real hero.
→_____________ you are a real hero.
②People thought Edison had invented the first light.
→Edison _________________________the first light.
→__________________________________ the first light.
are said to be
It is said that
was thought to have invented
It was thought that Edison had invented
活用语法——在针对训练中提能
Ⅰ.把下列句子改为被动语态
1．The demanding boss often makes his employees work overtime.
→
2．The teacher is keeping the pupils at school for a revision.
→
The employees are often made to work overtime by their
demanding boss.
The pupils are being kept by the teacher at school for a revision.
3．We know that he is the best dentist in the town.
→__________________________________________________________________________________
4．You must finish the article before Friday.
→_____________________________________________
5．They will not paint the house again next year.
→_____________________________________________
It is known that he is the best dentist in the town./He is known to be the best dentist in the town.
The article must be finished by you before Friday.
The house won't be painted again by them next year.
Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空
In recent years many TV shows have become extremely popular among Chinese audience.Both commercial success and public attention ①_________________ (receive)．Their popularity ②_________ (base) on simple facts.First, they care about social concerns.Second, they explore a perfect balance between the international forms and Chinese expressions.Despite apparent highlights, much room ③________ (leave) for mercial interests often outweigh educational purposes.In addition, young people ④_________________ (mislead)．
have been received
is based
is left
have been misled
Such shows should shoulder more responsibility instead of merely entertaining the public.As ⑤_____________ (expect), these programs should be positive in their forms as well as functions.Meanwhile, the values of our society should also ⑥_______________ (safeguard)．
is expected
be safeguarded
No.2 听说专区/在主题活动中提升语言技能
教材听力 “三关过”
一、过词汇关——词块互译
1．_______ 放弃
2．_______ 坚持
3．_______________ 与某人见面；追上，赶上
give up
stick to
catch up with
4．change one's mind ______________________
5．get used to __________
6．live one's life to the full __________
改变某人的想法
习惯于
充实地生活
二、过泛听关——听教材录音选最佳答案
1．How old is Janet
A．18. B．28. C．81.
2．What happened to Janet around 1955
A．Her mother fell ill.
B．She started her own business.
C．She didn't pass the College Entrance Examination.
√
√
3．Who advised Janet to go back to school
A．Her father. B．Her husband. C．Her daughter.
4．How did Janet feel at first when she went back to university after all these years
A．Very excited. B．A little nervous. C．Quite confident.
√
√
5．What will Janet do next
A．To go on a tour.
B．To take care of her family.
C．To start a master's degree.
√
三、过精听关——依据教材听力完成句子
1．If you want to lose weight, you need to___________________, and you need to start exercising.
2．Never ____________________ what you can do today.
3．As people usually say, “________________________in one basket”．
stop eating junk food
put off until tomorrow
Don't put all of your eggs
4．But then five years ago my daughter Candy suggested I _________________ and I jumped at the chance.
5．You'll find that studying again _________________________
___________to you.
go back to school
opens up a new world of
opportunity
强化训练 “在平时”
一、听力仿真训练
Ⅰ.听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．When is the math test
A．Today. B．Tomorrow. C．Next week.
2．Where does the woman live now
A．In New York.
B．In Chicago.
C．In Boston.
√
√
3．What does the woman think of Linda's brother
A．He is friendly.
B．He doesn't like to talk.
C．He is not a pleasant person.
4．What's Mary's university life like
A．Exciting. B．Terrible. C．Ordinary.
√
√
5．What kind of movie did the speakers watch
A．A horror movie.
B．A romantic movie.
C．An action movie.
√
Ⅱ.听下面2段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．How long is each class period
A．One hour. B．Two hours. C．Three hours.
√
7．What is the relationship between the speakers
A．Classmates.
B．Mother and son.
C．Teacher and student.
√
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．Who removed the small part of a toy from Mr Brown's granddaughter
A．Mr Brown.
B．A first aid trainer.
C．Doctors.
√
9．What do we know about the first aid course
A．It is mainly for young parents.
B．It mainly teaches how to save little babies.
C．It teaches old people how to perform first aid.
10．How long will the course last
A．For 5 days. B．For 6 days. C．For 10 days.
√
√
附：听力材料
(Text 1)
W：①Are you ready for today's math test
M：Are you serious Oh, no. I thought the test was tomorrow!
(Text 2)
M：②Do you enjoy life in New York
W：No, I don't. I'm planning to move to Chicago or Boston. But I've never regretted my earlier decision.
(Text 3)
M：Linda is very quiet. But her brother talks too much.
W：Yes, you are right and ③he isn't friendly either.
(Text 4)
M：Welcome home, Mary! Have you had any problems at university since last September
W：④Well, nothing to speak of.
M：④No more worries No complaints Great!
(Text 5)
M：Did you like the movie, Angela
W：Not really, to be honest. ⑤Romances are kind of boring to me.
M：You should have told me! Next time, we'll watch an action movie.
(Text 6)
W：⑦All right, students, listen up. Next week, we will have a test on the first three chapters of the book.
M：How long will the test be
W：⑥It should take you the entire class period.
M：⑥Two hours long ⑦If we don't finish, can we stay after class
W：No.You should be able to finish in the time we have.
(Text 7)
James Brown is 65 years old.He helps take care of his grandchildren at home.Last week, his one-year-old little granddaughter swallowed a small part of a toy.Luckily, she didn't choke and was still able to breathe, but she couldn't eat and had a strange cough for a while.Finally, ⑧the doctors were able to remove it.Mr Brown was terrified by the experience, so he decided that he needed to learn some basic first aid skills.
Now we have good news for people just like Mr Brown. We will be offering an everyday first aid course covering basic skills such as dealing with burns and bleeding injuries, and also what to do if a child or baby starts choking.Jo Riches will be our first aid trainer.⑨He has taught hundreds of grandparents how to perform first aid.He considers first aid courses to be especially important for grandparents, since nowadays many old people help take care of little children at home.Having some first aid skills means they'll know what to do if anything happens to the children.
The course will be held from October 10 to 15 at the Senior Citizen Activity Center, beginning each day at 9：00 am and ending at 11：00 am.We welcome anyone who wants to learn first aid skills.
二、口语交际训练
根据汉语提示补全对话
M：What do you think of the team building activity this morning
W：Well, a lot of the games were a bit boring.I don't know how much it ①__________________________ (帮助我们成为一个更好的团队)．
M：But everyone had a good time.I think that's an important part of it all ...
helped us to be a better team
W：Some details
M：We've got to be able to see another side of our co-workers and boss ...
W：Yeah, to some degree, you're right.By the way, ②________
______________________ (我最喜欢的是信任游戏)．
M：My favorite part was the personality tests.
W：Why I thought you guys ③__________________________ (喜欢团体运动项目)．
the trust
game was my favorite
liked the group sports events
M：I think to know more about your personality type will tell you about ④_______________________ (你如何能融入一个团队)．Oh! Look! The manager under the tree is waving to us.
W：I've forgotten the task! He ⑤___________________________ (让我通知你吃午饭) in the dormitory instead of the planned dining hall.
how you can fit into a team
let me inform you to have lunch
|多积主题表达|
与“人生智慧”有关的表达
1．stay positive 保持乐观
2．embrace change 欣然接受变化
3．lend a helping hand 伸出援手
4．in trouble 处于困境中
5．make use of 利用
6．help each other 互帮互助
7．turn to sb.for help 向某人求助
8．cooperate with others 与他人合作
9．All that you do, do with your might; things done by halves are never done right.
凡事都要尽力而为，不可半途而废，否则将一事无成。
10．What my dad did shows me that being wealthy is not just about money.
我父亲所做的事让我明白，富有不仅仅是钱的问题。
11．Sometimes, a small act of kindness may be powerful enough to make a huge difference.
有时，一个小小的善行可能足以带来巨大的改变。
No.3 新知学习/核心语言点集中释解
1．The focus of the sentence is on the recipient of the action, not on the subject of the sentence.
句子的中心是动作的承受者，而不是句子的主语。
★focus n．焦点，中心；焦距v.(使)聚焦；集中(注意力、精力等)于
[用法感知]
①It shows a common phenomenon nowadays that children are the focus of families, shouldering the hope of their parents.这表明当今社会的一个普遍现象：孩子是家庭的中心，承载着父母的希望。
②(主旨升华句)The key to success is to focus on your goals, no matter how challenging the path may become.成功的关键在于，无论道路是多么具有挑战性，都要专注于你的目标。
[归纳点拨]
(1)the focus of ... ……的焦点/中心
bring ...into focus 使……成为焦点/调准焦距
(2)focus on 集中(注意力、精力等)于……
focus ...on ... 把……对准/集中于……
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
③If the camera is not brought _______focus, the photo will be blurred (模糊不清)．
④To begin with, focusing _____ the topics appealing to teenagers, our programme is committed to enhancing students' understanding of domestic and international affairs.
into
on
(2)句式升级(用with复合结构升级)
⑤Because he focused his attention on his homework, he forgot all about what I had told him.
→______________________________________, he forgot all about what I had told him.
⑥Because so many people focused their eyes on him, he felt very nervous.
→__________________________________________, he felt very nervous.
With his attention focused on his homework
With so many people focusing their eyes on him
[联想发散] 表示“集中注意力于……”的短语还有：fix/concentrate one's attention on, concentrate on, pay attention to, be absorbed in等。
2．The subject goes with lengthy expressions that are better put at the end.主语带有冗长的短语，短语最好放在末尾。
★go with与……一起存在；与……相配；伴随
[用法感知]
①I was searching for a pair of grey gloves to go with my new gown.我在找一副跟我的新礼服相配的灰色手套。
②Everything began to go against us.
一切都开始变得对我们不利起来。
③We would rather go on with the experiment than give it up.
我们宁愿把这个实验进行下去，而不愿放弃它。
[归纳点拨]
go after 追求，追逐，谋求
go against 不利于，违反，反对
go ahead 开始做；前进；进行
go by (时间)过去
go in for 参加；从事；爱好
go on with 继续做
go over 仔细检查，复习
go without 没有……也行
[应用融会] (完成句子)
④Let's ________________________________________before the exam.
让我们在考试之前把我们这学期学过的所有课程复习一下吧。
⑤She was scared to __________________________.
她不敢违背父亲的意愿。
go over all the lessons we have learnt this term
go against her father's wishes
⑥I've decided to __________________________no matter what it takes.
我决定谋求北京的那份工作，无论要付出什么代价。
⑦______________, my memory seems to get worse.
随着时间的流逝，我的记忆力似乎越来越差。
go after that job in Beijing
As time goes by
No.4 课时跟踪检测
Ⅰ.阅读理解
In today's motivational literature, failure is often viewed as something to be celebrated.Inspirational speakers are fond of quoting the words of the novelist Samuel Beckett — “Fail again.Fail better.” It seems that disappointments are an essential stepping stone to success, a turning point in our life story that will ultimately end in victory.
However, psychological research finds most of us struggle to handle failure constructively.In other words, we fail to “fail forward”．We find ways to devalue the task at which we failed, and become less motivated to persevere and reach our goals.This phenomenon is known as the “sour-grape effect”， which was discovered by Professor Hallgeir Sjastad.
Sjastad explains that “sour-grape effect” is a self-protective mechanism.“Most of us picture ourselves as competent people, so when external feedback suggests otherwise, it poses a serious threat to that self-image，” he says.“The easiest way out is to deny or explain away the external signal, so we can reduce the inconsistency and preserve a positive sense of self.We do this even without noticing.”
If you have one bad interview for your dream job, you might convince yourself that you don't really want it at all, and stop applying for similar positions.The same goes if you fail to impress at a sports trial, or if a publisher rejects the first submission of your manuscript (手稿)．“We tend to explain away our shortcomings and convince ourselves our ‘Plan C’ is actually our ‘Plan A’，” Sjastad says.
It doesn't mean we should persevere in goals all the time.It can be healthy to change ambitions if the process is no longer making us happy.But the “sour-grape effect” may lead us to come to this decision prematurely, rather than hanging on a little and seeing whether we might learn and improve.
Failures are unavoidable.By learning to face the disappointment instead of devaluing its importance and pretending nothing happened, you may find it easier to achieve your goals.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了正确的失败观——相比于仅仅把失败当作一种幸运，更重要的是要有建设性地“失败”，勇敢面对失望，并从中总结经验。
1．Why does the author mention the speech of inspirational speakers in paragraph 1
A．To offer an example to handle failure.
B．To describe a shallow understanding of failure.
C．To introduce a common attitude towards failure.
D．To emphasize the importance of experiencing failure.
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解析：推理判断题。根据第二段前两句，尤其是段首的“However”可知，第一段提出了一个看似励志实则肤浅的观点，由此引出下文作者自己的见解：仅仅把失败当作成功的基石是肤浅的，而要有建设性地“失败”，并从中学习经验。
2．What can we learn from paragraph 3 about the “sour-grape effect”？
A．It protects us from false feedback.
B．It pictures us as competitive people.
C．It poses a severe threat to self-image.
D．It denies negative feedback to ourselves.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第三句可知，“酸葡萄效应”是一种自我保护机制，会否认外界对我们的负面反馈。
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3．What does the underlined word “prematurely” in paragraph 5 mean
A．Unhappily. B．Mistakenly.
C．Hurriedly. D．Carelessly.
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“rather than hanging on a little and seeing whether we might learn and improve”可推知，prematurely与“hanging on a little”相反，应是表示“提前地，过早地”。
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4．Which statement would the author most probably agree with
A．Don't escape when our self-image is broken.
B．Don't quit when goals no longer make you happy.
C．Never hesitate to replace “Plan A” with “Plan C”．
D．Never forget to maintain a positive sense of self.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，作者通过全文的讨论，呼吁大家树立正确的失败观，警惕“酸葡萄效应”，当自我形象因失败而被打破时，不要逃避，不要贬低失败的价值，而是要勇敢地面对，并从中学习和提升。
Ⅱ.完形填空
I experienced a day when I was extraordinarily 5 .I'm never a picture of grace, but on this particular day, I seemed to be 6 everything.It's an old house, and the floor is 7 in some places, so my fall was the floor's fault.But when I fell again on my way out to the car, and yet again in my own home, I began to grow 8 .Had I let myself get so stressed out that I had 9 become sick
Having been raised by parents who worked in the mental-health field, I tended to look for spiritual and emotional reasons before I headed to the local 10 .I had the calming practice that 11 yoga poses with breathing exercises.I went to 12 more comfortable clothes for the exercise, and as I removed my shoes, I was 13 ！
I wasn't having a stroke at all.I had completely worn out my favorite pair of sandals.The soles (鞋底) of both shoes were split in two! I had 14 all the possibilities to figure out what was causing my clumsiness.It never occurred to me to check my soles.
So often when we start to feel 15 ， we look for ways to make things better.But just as it never occurred to me to check the soles of my shoes, so our own souls are the very 16 thing we think of to check.Take a moment to remember the last time you sat still, meditating.If you can't remember when that was, it might be a(n) 17 .
The local cobbler (鞋匠) said my soles were irreparable.We had a good 18 ， but it was time to let them go.Fortunately for us, our souls can be mended and restored — once we realize they are in need of 19 .
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者因为走路总是绊倒，从而怀疑自己患了中风，后来才知道是自己的鞋底出了问题。作者用自己的经历告诉人们：遇到问题要冷静思考，一旦发现问题就马上修复。
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5．A.busy B．clumsy
C．stressed D．bored
解析：根据下文的“I'm never a picture of grace”以及“But when I fell again on my way out to the car, and yet again in my own home, I began to grow .”可知，作者这天总是跌倒，所以是笨手笨脚的一天。
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6．A.going through B．stepping on
C．falling off D．tripping over
解析：根据下文的“But when I fell again on my way out to the car, and yet again in my own home, I began to grow .”可知，作者这天总是跌倒，所以作者觉得什么都能绊倒自己。
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7．A.uneven B．sharp
C．stained D．shallow
解析：根据上文可知，作者总是绊倒；再根据下文“so my fall was the floor's fault”可知，作者认为自己绊倒是地板的错，由此判断地板不平整。
8．A.inspired B．grieved
C．concerned D．interested
解析：根据下文“Had I let myself get so stressed out that I had __________ become sick？”可知，作者开始担心自己生病了。
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9．A.luckily B．literally
C．obviously D．doubtfully
解析：根据下文“I tended to look for spiritual and emotional reasons before I headed to the local ”可知，作者觉得自己是真的生病了。literally在此处意为“真正地，确实地”。
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10．A.doctor B．coach
C．tailor D．psychologist
解析：根据上文“Having been raised by parents who worked in the mental-health field, I tended to look for spiritual and emotional reasons”可知，因为父母在心理健康领域工作，当作者感觉自己有可能生病了的时候，首先倾向于寻找精神和情感上的原因，然后才考虑找医生。
11．A.exchanged B．equipped
C．associated D．combined
解析：根据下文的“with”以及“I went to more comfortable clothes for the exercise”可知，作者是准备去做训练，而这个训练结合了瑜伽动作和呼吸训练。
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12．A.wrap up B．take off
C．change into D．look after
解析：根据空后的“more comfortable clothes for the exercise, and as I removed my shoes, I was ”可知，作者是换成更舒服的衣服去训练。
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13．A.rescued B．cured
C．injured D．slipped
解析：根据下文“I wasn't having a stroke at all.I had completely worn out my favorite pair of sandals.The soles (鞋底) of both shoes were split in two！”可知，作者知道了自己总是跌倒的原因，所以是“痊愈”了。
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14．A.exhausted B．predicted
C．ignored D．discussed
解析：根据上文的“Having been raised by parents who worked in the mental-health field, I tended to look for spiritual and emotional reasons before I headed to the local .”可知，作者是想尽方法来找出自己笨手笨脚的原因。exhaust在此处意为“详尽研究”。
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15．A.delighted B．divided
C．overwhelmed D．thrilled
解析：根据上文可知，作者以为自己生病了，所以想尽方法寻找原因。故可推知，作者当时有些不知所措。此处指通常当我们感到不知所措时，我们会寻找方法使事情变好。
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16．A.best B．last
C．easiest D．hardest
解析：根据上文内容可知，作者误以为自己患病后，想了很多办法，却唯独没有检查自己的鞋底。本句为类比，所以心灵是我们最不会想到的去检查的东西。
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17．A.mistake B．solution
C．test D．clue
解析：结合语境可知，如果你不记得上次静坐冥想是什么时候，那就意味着你需要这么做了。
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18．A.run B．exercise
C．yoga D．gesture
解析：根据上文的“I had completely worn out my favorite pair of sandals.”可知，作者非常喜欢这双鞋。由此推知，作者穿着这双鞋度过了一段美好的时光。run在此处为熟词生义，意为“一段时光”。
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19．A.repair B．review
C．response D．replacement
解析：根据上文的“Fortunately for us, our souls can be mended and restored”可知，空处指的是内心需要“修补”的时候。
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Ⅲ.语法填空
Chinese proverbs (谚语) are rich and they are still 1 (wide) used in Chinese people's daily life. 2 these proverbs, there are often interesting stories.For example, the proverb, “plucking up a crop to help it grow”， 3 (base) on the following story.
It is said that a short-tempered man in the State of Song (960－1279) was very anxious to help 4 (he) rice crop grow up quickly.He was thinking about 5 day and night.But the crop was growing much slower than he expected.
One day, he came up with an idea 6 he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches.He did so the next day.
He was very tired from doing this for a whole day, 7 he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” 8 (high)．
His son heard about this and went to see the crop.Unfortunately, the leaves of the crop began to wither (枯萎)．
This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their 9 (nature) course.Being too anxious to help an event develop often 10 (result) in the contrary to our intention.
语篇解读：本文是一则寓言故事。文章讲述了拔苗助长的故事，说明了急于求成反而会坏事。
1．widely 考查词性转换。修饰动词used要用副词，故填widely。
2．Behind 考查介词。句意：这些谚语背后，经常有着有趣的故事。结合句意可知，应使用介词behind。
3．is based 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。该句是在解释谚语的内容，使用一般现在时；the proverb作主语，与base之间是逻辑上的被动关系，base使用被动语态；主语the proverb是第三人称单数，谓语动词也应用第三人称单数。
4．his 考查代词。由上文中的a short-tempered man可知，此处指他想让自己的水稻长得快。
5．this/it/that 考查代词。此处指代上文提到的帮助水稻快速成长的事情。故填this/it/that。
6．that 考查名词性从句。分析句子结构和语境可知，从句是在解释名词idea的内容，从句语意和成分都是完整的，因此使用that引导同位语从句。
7．but 考查并列连词。根据上下文的逻辑关系可知，应该使用but表示转折。
8．higher 考查比较级。根据语境可知，和拔苗之前比较，水稻的确“长高”了。故填higher。
9．natural 考查词性转换。句意：这句谚语告诉我们凡事必须顺其自然。此处用形容词作定语，修饰名词course, nature的形容词形式是natural。
10．results 考查时态和主谓一致。该句说的是客观真理，使用一般现在时；动名词短语作主语，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填results。13 / 13
Section Ⅲ Using language
语法项目——复习被动语态
初识语法——在美文运用中体悟
背美文 The major construction work on the world's longest cross-sea bridge was completed① on Oct.24th, 2018, which connects Zhuhai in Guangdong Province with Hong Kong and Macao.So far, more than 400,000 tonnes of steel have been used② for the 6.7km undersea tunnel and 22.9km bridge.It was reported that the travel time from Hong Kong to both Zhuhai and Macao would be cut③ greatly.History has been made in many aspects by the project.It was the first time that an immersed tube tunnel had been built④ in open waters in China.Besides, it is predicted that the bridge can be operated⑤ for 120 years.Because of the progress of “Made in China”， more construction is being realized⑥ or will be realized⑦ in the near future.The “China technology” and “China standard” set by the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge will even influence the world market.
悟语法 ①中was completed为一般过去时的被动语态；②中have been used为现在完成时的被动语态；③中would be cut为过去将来时的被动语态；④中had been built为过去完成时的被动语态；⑤中can be operated为含有情态动词的被动语态；⑥中is being realized为现在进行时的被动语态；⑦中will be realized为一般将来时的被动语态。
慧学语法——在归纳演绎中学通
一、被动语态的基本构成形式
被动语态的基本结构：“be＋及物动词的过去分词”。
被动语态的谓语动词有各种时态变化，以动词 take 为例，其常见时态的被动形式如下表所示：
一般现在时 am/is/are taken 一般过去时 was/were taken
现在进行时 am/is/are being taken 过去进行时 was/were being taken
现在完成时 have/has been taken 过去完成时 had been taken
一般将来时 will/shall be taken 过去将来时 would/should be taken
[对点练] (用所给词的适当形式填空)
①(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Two years later, a six meter tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, ____________ (build) at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes' walk from Shakespeare's birthplace.
②(2024·1月九省联考卷)Fountain pens ____________ (use) in schools long ago and have been regaining popularity lately because they are refillable.
③(2023·浙江1月高考)Citizens of higher social classes ____________ (permit) to live closer to the center of the circles.
④(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)If it ______________ (not turn) in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero.
⑤(2022·浙江1月高考)Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like — frequently by plane — __________________ (view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.
⑥(2021·全国甲卷)It ____________ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复)．
⑦The physics lesson ______________ (teach) in the lab tomorrow.
⑧My washing machine ________________ (repair) this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.
二、被动语态的特殊结构形式
1．谓语部分含有情态动词的被动语态
情态动词(may, might, can, could, will, would, should, ought to, must, need)＋be＋过去分词。
Nowadays, solar energy can be used to produce electricity in many countries.
现在太阳能在许多国家可以用于发电。
A real sense of achievement and happiness may be felt.
可能感觉到一种真正的成就感和幸福感。
[对点练]
(1)用所给词的适当形式填空
①(2024·浙江1月高考)However, though it's nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes ____________ (offer) in smaller packs.
②(2024·全国甲卷)What should ____________(do) with such a beautiful place
③(2023·全国甲卷)Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through the ages can still ______________ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
④(2022·全国乙卷)The more regularly they can ______________(inspect), the more railway safety, reliability and on time performance ____________ (improve)．
⑤The artist was sure he would ____________ (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor's chief minister, the old man laughed.
(2)句型转换
⑥Teachers can use it in the classroom.
→It ______________________________________________ by teachers.
⑦You needn't do it now.
→It __________________________ (by you) now.
2．使役动词和感官动词的被动语态
(1)在使役动词have, make以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面的不定式作宾语补足语时， 在主动结构中不定式 to 要省略， 但变为被动结构时，要加上to。 get, leave, cause 等使役动词的宾语补足语是带 to 的不定式，变为被动语态时该不定式不变。
My father made me stay up late to finish my homework.(表示主动)
I was made to stay up late to finish my homework by my father.(表示被动)
[对点练] (句型转换)
①I didn't notice her enter the office.
→She ________________________________ the office.
②Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.
→A stranger _______________________________________.
③She left her estate to her daughter.
→Her estate __________________________________.
(2)有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面，通常变为主语的是间接宾语。
His mother gave him a present for his birthday.
→ He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.
他妈妈送给他一份生日礼物。
3．动词短语的被动语态
动词短语是一个整体，不可丢掉它后面搭配的介词或副词。
It is said that a new railway station will be set up in my hometown.
据说在我的家乡将建造一座新火车站。
The baby is being taken care of by his grandmother.
这个婴儿正由他的祖母照顾。
Such a strange story has never been heard of.
这样奇怪的事情还从没有听说过。
[对点练] (句型转换)
①My sister gave me a big cake.
→ ______________________ by my sister.
②We should make good use of every chance.
→Every chance should ________________.
三、使用被动语态应注意的几个问题
1．主动形式表示被动意义
(1)当feel, look, smell, taste, sound 等系动词后面接形容词/名词构成系表结构时；当cut, read, sell, wear, write, wash, cook, shut, dry, drink 等表示某种属性且带有修饰语时；当动词表示“开始、结束、运动”等意义时。
The fish smells good.这鱼闻起来很香。
The book written by that famous writer sells very well.
那位著名作家写的书很畅销。
Cotton feels soft. 棉花摸起来很柔软。
These cups clean easily. 这些杯子容易洗。
The museum doesn't open on Monday. 这个博物馆星期一不开放。
[名师点津] 经常使用主动语态的短语：come out, come into being, go off, run out, give out, give in。
(2)want, require, need后面用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，或用不定式的被动形式。
These flowers require watering/to be watered. 这些花需要浇水。
(3)“be＋adj.＋to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动形式表示被动含义。
He isn't easy to get along with. 他不容易相处。
[对点练] (翻译句子)
①我的房子需要修理了。
②老年人需要细心照料。
③这个问题容易回答。
④这个包背起来很重。
2．含被动语态的固定句型
“It is＋过去分词＋that 从句”这一句型的常见形式有：
It is believed that ... 人们相信……
It is said that ... 据说……
It is hoped that ... 人们希望……
It is thought that ... 人们认为……
It is reported that ... 据报道……
It is (well) known that ... 众所周知……
It is supposed/considered that ... 人们认为……
It is agreed that ... 人们一致同意……
It is judged that ... 据判断……
It is proved that ... 事实证明……
It is estimated that ... 据估计……
It is believed that he has been working hard.大家相信他一直努力工作。
It is reported that the Chang'e 5 probe has successfully completed China's first extraterrestrial sample return mission.
据报道，“嫦娥五号”探测器圆满完成我国首次外星球采样返回任务。
[名师点津] 以上句式大多数可转换为Sb./Sth.is said/believed/thought/reported/...to ...句型。
It is said that the news tops the list of conversation topics on the Internet.
→The news is said to top the list of conversation topics on the Internet.
据说这条新闻成为互联网最热门的话题。
[对点练] (句型转换)
①People say you are a real hero.
→You ________________ a real hero.
→________________ you are a real hero.
②People thought Edison had invented the first light.
→Edison ______________________________ the first light.
→____________________________________ the first light.
活用语法——在针对训练中提能
Ⅰ.把下列句子改为被动语态
1．The demanding boss often makes his employees work overtime.
→__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2．The teacher is keeping the pupils at school for a revision.
→__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3．We know that he is the best dentist in the town.
→__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4．You must finish the article before Friday.
→______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5．They will not paint the house again next year.
→__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空
In recent years many TV shows have become extremely popular among Chinese audience.Both commercial success and public attention ①________________(receive)．Their popularity ②______________ (base) on simple facts.First, they care about social concerns.Second, they explore a perfect balance between the international forms and Chinese expressions.Despite apparent highlights, much room ③__________ (leave) for mercial interests often outweigh educational purposes.In addition, young people ④________________(mislead)．Such shows should shoulder more responsibility instead of merely entertaining the public.As ⑤________________(expect), these programs should be positive in their forms as well as functions.Meanwhile, the values of our society should also ⑥________________ (safeguard)．
教材听力“三关过”
一、过词汇关——词块互译
1．________________ 放弃
2．________________ 坚持
3．________________ 与某人见面；追上，赶上
4．change one's mind ______________________
5．get used to ______________________
6．live one's life to the full _____________________
二、过泛听关——听教材录音选最佳答案
1．How old is Janet？( )
A．18. B．28. C．81.
2．What happened to Janet around 1955？( )
A．Her mother fell ill.
B．She started her own business.
C．She didn't pass the College Entrance Examination.
3．Who advised Janet to go back to school？( )
A．Her father.
B．Her husband.
C．Her daughter.
4．How did Janet feel at first when she went back to university after all these years？( )
A．Very excited.
B．A little nervous.
C．Quite confident.
5．What will Janet do next？( )
A．To go on a tour.
B．To take care of her family.
C．To start a master's degree.
三、过精听关——依据教材听力完成句子
1．If you want to lose weight, you need to ________________________________， and you need to start exercising.
2．Never __________________________ what you can do today.
3．As people usually say, “__________________________ in one basket”．
4．But then five years ago my daughter Candy suggested I ____________________ and I jumped at the chance.
5．You'll find that studying again ____________________________________ to you.
强化训练“在平时”
一、听力仿真训练
Ⅰ.听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．When is the math test？( )
A．Today. B．Tomorrow. C．Next week.
2．Where does the woman live now？( )
A．In New York.
B．In Chicago.
C．In Boston.
3．What does the woman think of Linda's brother？( )
A．He is friendly.
B．He doesn't like to talk.
C．He is not a pleasant person.
4．What's Mary's university life like？( )
A．Exciting. B．Terrible. C．Ordinary.
5．What kind of movie did the speakers watch？( )
A．A horror movie.
B．A romantic movie.
C．An action movie.
Ⅱ.听下面2段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．How long is each class period？( )
A．One hour.
B．Two hours.
C．Three hours.
7．What is the relationship between the speakers？( )
A．Classmates.
B．Mother and son.
C．Teacher and student.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．Who removed the small part of a toy from Mr Brown's granddaughter？( )
A．Mr Brown.
B．A first aid trainer.
C．Doctors.
9．What do we know about the first aid course？( )
A．It is mainly for young parents.
B．It mainly teaches how to save little babies.
C．It teaches old people how to perform first aid.
10．How long will the course last？( )
A．For 5 days. B．For 6 days. C．For 10 days.
二、口语交际训练
根据汉语提示补全对话
M：What do you think of the team building activity this morning
W：Well, a lot of the games were a bit boring.I don't know how much it ①________________________ (帮助我们成为一个更好的团队)．
M：But everyone had a good time.I think that's an important part of it all ...
W：Some details
M：We've got to be able to see another side of our co workers and boss ...
W：Yeah, to some degree, you're right.By the way, ②______________________________ (我最喜欢的是信任游戏)．
M：My favorite part was the personality tests.
W：Why I thought you guys ③________________________________________ (喜欢团体运动项目)．
M：I think to know more about your personality type will tell you about ④____________________________ (你如何能融入一个团队)．Oh! Look! The manager under the tree is waving to us.
W：I've forgotten the task! He ⑤____________________________________ (让我通知你吃午饭) in the dormitory instead of the planned dining hall.
|多积主题表达|
与“人生智慧”有关的表达
1．stay positive 保持乐观
2．embrace change 欣然接受变化
3．lend a helping hand 伸出援手
4．in trouble 处于困境中
5．make use of 利用
6．help each other 互帮互助
7．turn to sb.for help 向某人求助
8．cooperate with others 与他人合作
9．All that you do, do with your might; things done by halves are never done right.
凡事都要尽力而为，不可半途而废，否则将一事无成。
10．What my dad did shows me that being wealthy is not just about money.
我父亲所做的事让我明白，富有不仅仅是钱的问题。
11．Sometimes, a small act of kindness may be powerful enough to make a huge difference.
有时，一个小小的善行可能足以带来巨大的改变。
1．The focus of the sentence is on the recipient of the action, not on the subject of the sentence.
句子的中心是动作的承受者，而不是句子的主语。
★focus n．焦点，中心；焦距v.(使)聚焦；集中(注意力、精力等)于
[用法感知]
①It shows a common phenomenon nowadays that children are the focus of families, shouldering the hope of their parents.
这表明当今社会的一个普遍现象：孩子是家庭的中心，承载着父母的希望。
②(主旨升华句)The key to success is to focus on your goals, no matter how challenging the path may become.成功的关键在于，无论道路是多么具有挑战性，都要专注于你的目标。
[归纳点拨]
(1)the focus of ... ……的焦点/中心
bring ...into focus 使……成为焦点/调准焦距
(2)focus on 集中(注意力、精力等)于……
focus ...on ... 把……对准/集中于……
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
③If the camera is not brought __________ focus, the photo will be blurred (模糊不清)．
④To begin with, focusing __________ the topics appealing to teenagers, our programme is committed to enhancing students' understanding of domestic and international affairs.
(2)句式升级(用with复合结构升级)
⑤Because he focused his attention on his homework, he forgot all about what I had told him.
→ ________________________________， he forgot all about what I had told him.
⑥Because so many people focused their eyes on him, he felt very nervous.
→______________________________________________________， he felt very nervous.
[联想发散] 表示“集中注意力于……”的短语还有：fix/concentrate one's attention on, concentrate on, pay attention to, be absorbed in等。
2．The subject goes with lengthy expressions that are better put at the end.
主语带有冗长的短语，短语最好放在末尾。
★go with与……一起存在；与……相配；伴随
[用法感知]
①I was searching for a pair of grey gloves to go with my new gown.
我在找一副跟我的新礼服相配的灰色手套。
②Everything began to go against us.
一切都开始变得对我们不利起来。
③We would rather go on with the experiment than give it up.
我们宁愿把这个实验进行下去，而不愿放弃它。
[归纳点拨]
go after 追求，追逐，谋求
go against 不利于，违反，反对
go ahead 开始做；前进；进行
go by (时间)过去
go in for 参加；从事；爱好
go on with 继续做
go over 仔细检查，复习
go without 没有……也行
[应用融会] (完成句子)
④Let's ____________________________________________________ before the exam.
让我们在考试之前把我们这学期学过的所有课程复习一下吧。
⑤She was scared to _____________________________________________________.
她不敢违背父亲的意愿。
⑥I've decided to ________________________ no matter what it takes.
我决定谋求北京的那份工作，无论要付出什么代价。
⑦________________， my memory seems to get worse.
随着时间的流逝，我的记忆力似乎越来越差。
Section Ⅲ
NO.1 语法专区
慧学语法
一、[对点练] ①was built ②were used ③were permitted
④is not turned ⑤is viewed/has been viewed ⑥was built ⑦will be taught ⑧is being repaired
二、[对点练] 1.①be offered ②be done ③be employed
④be inspected; will be improved ⑤be chosen
⑥can be used in the classroom ⑦needn't be done
2．①wasn't noticed to enter ②was seen to walk into the building ③was left to her daughter
3．①I was given a big cake ②be made good use of
三、[对点练] 1.①My house needs repairing/to be repaired.
②The old require looking after/to be looked after carefully. ③This question is easy to answer.
④The bag is very heavy to carry.
2．①are said to be; It is said that
②was thought to have invented；
It was thought that Edison had invented
活用语法
Ⅰ.1.The employees are often made to work overtime by their demanding boss.
2．The pupils are being kept by the teacher at school for a revision.
3．It is known that he is the best dentist in the town./He is known to be the best dentist in the town.
4．The article must be finished by you before Friday.
5．The house won't be painted again by them next year.
Ⅱ.①have been received ②is based ③is left
④have been misled ⑤is expected ⑥be safeguarded
NO.2 听说专区
教材听力“三关过”
一、1.give up 2.stick to 3.catch up with 4.改变某人的想法
5．习惯于 6.充实地生活
二、1～5 CACBC
三、1.stop eating junk food 2.put off until tomorrow
3．Don't put all of your eggs 4.go back to school
5．opens up a new world of opportunity
强化训练“在平时”
一、1～5 AACCB 6～10 BCCCB
附：听力材料
(Text 1)
W：①Are you ready for today's math test
M：Are you serious Oh, no. I thought the test was tomorrow!
(Text 2)
M：②Do you enjoy life in New York
W：No, I don't. I'm planning to move to Chicago or Boston. But I've never regretted my earlier decision.
(Text 3)
M：Linda is very quiet. But her brother talks too much.
W：Yes, you are right and ③he isn't friendly either.
(Text 4)
M：Welcome home, Mary! Have you had any problems at university since last September
W：④Well, nothing to speak of.
M：④No more worries No complaints Great!
(Text 5)
M：Did you like the movie, Angela
W：Not really, to be honest. ⑤Romances are kind of boring to me.
M：You should have told me! Next time, we'll watch an action movie.
(Text 6)
W：⑦All right, students, listen up. Next week, we will have a test on the first three chapters of the book.
M：How long will the test be
W：⑥It should take you the entire class period.
M：⑥Two hours long ⑦If we don't finish, can we stay after class
W：No.You should be able to finish in the time we have.
(Text 7)
James Brown is 65 years old.He helps take care of his grandchildren at home.Last week, his one year old little granddaughter swallowed a small part of a toy.Luckily, she didn't choke and was still able to breathe, but she couldn't eat and had a strange cough for a while.Finally, ⑧the doctors were able to remove it.Mr Brown was terrified by the experience, so he decided that he needed to learn some basic first aid skills.
Now we have good news for people just like Mr Brown. We will be offering an everyday first aid course covering basic skills such as dealing with burns and bleeding injuries, and also what to do if a child or baby starts choking.Jo Riches will be our first aid trainer.⑨He has taught hundreds of grandparents how to perform first aid.He considers first aid courses to be especially important for grandparents, since nowadays many old people help take care of little children at home.Having some first aid skills means they'll know what to do if anything happens to the children.
The course will be held from October 10 to 15 at the Senior Citizen Activity Center, beginning each day at 9：00 am and ending at 11：00 am.We welcome anyone who wants to learn first aid skills.
二、①helped us to be a better team
②the trust game was my favorite
③liked the group sports events ④how you can fit into a team ⑤let me inform you to have lunch
NO.3 新知学习
1．③into ④on ⑤With his attention focused on his homework
⑥With so many people focusing their eyes on him
2．④go over all the lessons we have learnt this term
⑤go against her father's wishes ⑥go after that job in Beijing
⑦As time goes by4 / 4
UNIT 2 课时检测(三) Using language
Ⅰ.阅读理解
In today's motivational literature, failure is often viewed as something to be celebrated.Inspirational speakers are fond of quoting the words of the novelist Samuel Beckett — “Fail again.Fail better.” It seems that disappointments are an essential stepping stone to success, a turning point in our life story that will ultimately end in victory.
However, psychological research finds most of us struggle to handle failure constructively.In other words, we fail to “fail forward”．We find ways to devalue the task at which we failed, and become less motivated to persevere and reach our goals.This phenomenon is known as the “sour grape effect”， which was discovered by Professor Hallgeir Sjastad.
Sjastad explains that “sour grape effect” is a self protective mechanism.“Most of us picture ourselves as competent people, so when external feedback suggests otherwise, it poses a serious threat to that self image，” he says.“The easiest way out is to deny or explain away the external signal, so we can reduce the inconsistency and preserve a positive sense of self.We do this even without noticing.”
If you have one bad interview for your dream job, you might convince yourself that you don't really want it at all, and stop applying for similar positions.The same goes if you fail to impress at a sports trial, or if a publisher rejects the first submission of your manuscript (手稿)．“We tend to explain away our shortcomings and convince ourselves our ‘Plan C’ is actually our ‘Plan A’，” Sjastad says.
It doesn't mean we should persevere in goals all the time.It can be healthy to change ambitions if the process is no longer making us happy.But the “sour grape effect” may lead us to come to this decision prematurely,_rather than hanging on a little and seeing whether we might learn and improve.
Failures are unavoidable.By learning to face the disappointment instead of devaluing its importance and pretending nothing happened, you may find it easier to achieve your goals.
1．Why does the author mention the speech of inspirational speakers in paragraph 1
A．To offer an example to handle failure.
B．To describe a shallow understanding of failure.
C．To introduce a common attitude towards failure.
D．To emphasize the importance of experiencing failure.
2．What can we learn from paragraph 3 about the “sour grape effect”？
A．It protects us from false feedback.
B．It pictures us as competitive people.
C．It poses a severe threat to self image.
D．It denies negative feedback to ourselves.
3．What does the underlined word “prematurely” in paragraph 5 mean
A．Unhappily. B．Mistakenly.
C．Hurriedly. D.Carelessly.
4．Which statement would the author most probably agree with
A．Don't escape when our self image is broken.
B．Don't quit when goals no longer make you happy.
C．Never hesitate to replace “Plan A” with “Plan C”．
D．Never forget to maintain a positive sense of self.
Ⅱ.完形填空
I experienced a day when I was extraordinarily __5__.I'm never a picture of grace, but on this particular day, I seemed to be __6__ everything.It's an old house, and the floor is __7__ in some places, so my fall was the floor's fault.But when I fell again on my way out to the car, and yet again in my own home, I began to grow __8__.Had I let myself get so stressed out that I had __9__ become sick
Having been raised by parents who worked in the mental health field, I tended to look for spiritual and emotional reasons before I headed to the local __10__.I had the calming practice that __11__ yoga poses with breathing exercises.I went to __12__ more comfortable clothes for the exercise, and as I removed my shoes, I was __13__！
I wasn't having a stroke at all.I had completely worn out my favorite pair of sandals.The soles (鞋底) of both shoes were split in two! I had __14__ all the possibilities to figure out what was causing my clumsiness.It never occurred to me to check my soles.
So often when we start to feel __15__， we look for ways to make things better.But just as it never occurred to me to check the soles of my shoes, so our own souls are the very __16__ thing we think of to check.Take a moment to remember the last time you sat still, meditating.If you can't remember when that was, it might be a(n) __17__.
The local cobbler (鞋匠) said my soles were irreparable.We had a good __18__， but it was time to let them go.Fortunately for us, our souls can be mended and restored — once we realize they are in need of __19__.,
5.A.busy B.clumsy
C．stressed D.bored
6．A.going through B.stepping on
C．falling off D.tripping over
7．A.uneven B.sharp
C．stained D.shallow
8．A.inspired B.grieved
C．concerned D.interested
9．A.luckily B.literally
C．obviously D.doubtfully
10．A.doctor B.coach
C．tailor D.psychologist
11．A.exchanged B.equipped
C．associated D.combined
12．A.wrap up B.take off
C．change into D.look after
13．A.rescued B.cured
C．injured D.slipped
14．A.exhausted B.predicted
C．ignored D.discussed
15．A.delighted B.divided
C．overwhelmed D.thrilled
16．A.best B.last
C．easiest D.hardest
17．A.mistake B.solution
C．test D.clue
18．A.run B.exercise
C．yoga D.gesture
19．A.repair B.review
C．response D.replacement
Ⅲ.语法填空
Chinese proverbs (谚语) are rich and they are still __1__ (wide) used in Chinese people's daily life.__2__ these proverbs, there are often interesting stories.For example, the proverb, “plucking up a crop to help it grow”， __3__ (base) on the following story.
It is said that a short tempered man in the State of Song (960－1279) was very anxious to help __4__ (he) rice crop grow up quickly.He was thinking about __5__ day and night.But the crop was growing much slower than he expected.
One day, he came up with an idea __6__ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches.He did so the next day.
He was very tired from doing this for a whole day, __7__ he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” __8__ (high)．
His son heard about this and went to see the crop.Unfortunately, the leaves of the crop began to wither (枯萎)．
This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their __9__ (nature) course.Being too anxious to help an event develop often __10__ (result) in the contrary to our intention.
UNIT 2 课时检测(三)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了正确的失败观——相比于仅仅把失败当作一种幸运，更重要的是要有建设性地“失败”，勇敢面对失望，并从中总结经验。
1．选B 推理判断题。根据第二段前两句，尤其是段首的“However”可知，第一段提出了一个看似励志实则肤浅的观点，由此引出下文作者自己的见解：仅仅把失败当作成功的基石是肤浅的，而要有建设性地“失败”，并从中学习经验。
2．选D 细节理解题。根据第三段第三句可知，“酸葡萄效应”是一种自我保护机制，会否认外界对我们的负面反馈。
3．选C 词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“rather than hanging on a little and seeing whether we might learn and improve”可推知，prematurely与“hanging on a little”相反，应是表示“提前地，过早地”。
4．选A 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，作者通过全文的讨论，呼吁大家树立正确的失败观，警惕“酸葡萄效应”，当自我形象因失败而被打破时，不要逃避，不要贬低失败的价值，而是要勇敢地面对，并从中学习和提升。
Ⅱ.完形填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者因为走路总是绊倒，从而怀疑自己患了中风，后来才知道是自己的鞋底出了问题。作者用自己的经历告诉人们：遇到问题要冷静思考，一旦发现问题就马上修复。
5．选B 根据下文的“I'm never a picture of grace”以及“But when I fell again on my way out to the car, and yet again in my own home, I began to grow ________.”可知，作者这天总是跌倒，所以是笨手笨脚的一天。
6．选D 根据下文的“But when I fell again on my way out to the car, and yet again in my own home, I began to grow ______.”可知，作者这天总是跌倒，所以作者觉得什么都能绊倒自己。
7．选A 根据上文可知，作者总是绊倒；再根据下文“so my fall was the floor's fault”可知，作者认为自己绊倒是地板的错，由此判断地板不平整。
8．选C 根据下文“Had I let myself get so stressed out that I had ________ become sick？”可知，作者开始担心自己生病了。
9．选B 根据下文“I tended to look for spiritual and emotional reasons before I headed to the local ________”可知，作者觉得自己是真的生病了。literally在此处意为“真正地，确实地”。
10．选A 根据上文“Having been raised by parents who worked in the mental health field, I tended to look for spiritual and emotional reasons”可知，因为父母在心理健康领域工作，当作者感觉自己有可能生病了的时候，首先倾向于寻找精神和情感上的原因，然后才考虑找医生。
11．选D 根据下文的“with”以及“I went to ________ more comfortable clothes for the exercise”可知，作者是准备去做训练，而这个训练结合了瑜伽动作和呼吸训练。
12．选C 根据空后的“more comfortable clothes for the exercise, and as I removed my shoes, I was ________”可知，作者是换成更舒服的衣服去训练。
13．选B 根据下文“I wasn't having a stroke at all.I had completely worn out my favorite pair of sandals.The soles (鞋底) of both shoes were split in two！”可知，作者知道了自己总是跌倒的原因，所以是“痊愈”了。
14．选A 根据上文的“Having been raised by parents who worked in the mental health field, I tended to look for spiritual and emotional reasons before I headed to the local ________.”可知，作者是想尽方法来找出自己笨手笨脚的原因。exhaust在此处意为“详尽研究”。
15．选C 根据上文可知，作者以为自己生病了，所以想尽方法寻找原因。故可推知，作者当时有些不知所措。此处指通常当我们感到不知所措时，我们会寻找方法使事情变好。
16．选B 根据上文内容可知，作者误以为自己患病后，想了很多办法，却唯独没有检查自己的鞋底。本句为类比，所以心灵是我们最不会想到的去检查的东西。
17．选D 结合语境可知，如果你不记得上次静坐冥想是什么时候，那就意味着你需要这么做了。
18．选A 根据上文的“I had completely worn out my favorite pair of sandals.”可知，作者非常喜欢这双鞋。由此推知，作者穿着这双鞋度过了一段美好的时光。run在此处为熟词生义，意为“一段时光”。
19．选A 根据上文的“Fortunately for us, our souls can be mended and restored”可知，空处指的是内心需要“修补”的时候。
Ⅲ.语法填空
语篇解读：本文是一则寓言故事。文章讲述了拔苗助长的故事，说明了急于求成反而会坏事。
1．widely 考查词性转换。修饰动词used要用副词，故填widely。
2．Behind 考查介词。句意：这些谚语背后，经常有着有趣的故事。结合句意可知，应使用介词behind。
3．is based 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。该句是在解释谚语的内容，使用一般现在时；the proverb作主语，与base之间是逻辑上的被动关系，base使用被动语态；主语the proverb是第三人称单数，谓语动词也应用第三人称单数。
4．his 考查代词。由上文中的a short tempered man可知，此处指他想让自己的水稻长得快。
5．this/it/that 考查代词。此处指代上文提到的帮助水稻快速成长的事情。故填this/it/that。
6．that 考查名词性从句。分析句子结构和语境可知，从句是在解释名词idea的内容，从句语意和成分都是完整的，因此使用that引导同位语从句。
7．but 考查并列连词。根据上下文的逻辑关系可知，应该使用but表示转折。
8．higher 考查比较级。根据语境可知，和拔苗之前比较，水稻的确“长高”了。故填higher。
9．natural 考查词性转换。句意：这句谚语告诉我们凡事必须顺其自然。此处用形容词作定语，修饰名词course, nature的形容词形式是natural。
10．results 考查时态和主谓一致。该句说的是客观真理，使用一般现在时；动名词短语作主语，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填results。
