1_Unit 1 A new start单元精讲精练课件-外研版必修第一册

(共71张PPT)
curious adj.好奇的(教材P1)
情景导学
If you are curious about the history of our school, you mustn't miss this excellent opportunity!如
果你对我们学校的历史感到好奇,你一定不要错过这个绝佳的机会!(写作·邀请信)
The little boy's eyes grew wide at the sight of the box and he was curious to know what was in-
side it.一看到这个盒子,小男孩就瞪大了眼睛,好奇地想知道盒子里装的是什么。(读后续写·
动作描写)
用法归纳
①be curious 　　　 sth./sb.对某事/某人感到好奇
②be curious 　　　 sth.(因好奇)很想做某事
高频词汇精讲
高频词汇 情景破
词汇 1
about
to do
词汇拓展
①curiosity n.好奇心,求知欲
out of curiosity出于好奇
satisfy/arouse/raise sb.'s curiosity满足/引起某人的好奇心
②curiously adv.好奇地;奇怪地
Curiously enough, I didn't feel nervous at all when I faced the audience.说来也怪,当我面对观
众时,我一点儿也不紧张。 (读后续写·心理描写)
impression n.印象,感想
What was your first impression of your new school 你对新学校的第一印象是什么 (教材
P1)
情景导学
My first impression of Mr Meng was that he was a white-haired old man with a friendly smile.我
对孟老师的第一印象是,他是一个面带友好微笑的白发老人。 (读后续写·外貌描写)
This experience left a deep impression on me, making me truly understand the meaning of love.
这段经历给我留下了深刻的印象,使我真正理解了爱的意义。 (读后续写·个人感受)
用法归纳
①the/one's (first) impression 　　　 ...对……的(第一)印象
②leave/make a/an...impression 　　　 sb.给某人留下……的印象
词汇 2
of
on
词汇拓展
①impress v.使钦佩;使印象深刻;使明白(重要性或程度)
impress sb. with sth.某事给某人留下印象
be impressed with/by... 对……有深刻印象
impress sth. on/upon sb.使某人铭记某事;使某人意识到某事
I was deeply impressed with/by the 400-meter relay race, in which the four runners cooperated
perfectly and won first place. 400米接力赛给我留下了深刻的印象,在这场比赛中,四名选手完
美配合,赢得了第一名。 (写作·比赛报道)
What my father said impressed the importance of honesty and kindness on me.父亲说的话使
我认识到诚实和善良的重要性。
②impressive adj.令人钦佩的;给人印象深刻的
　breathe v.呼吸
With butterflies in my stomach, I breatheddeeply.由于心里发慌,我深呼吸。(教材P4)
情景导学
The doctor told me to breathe in deeply and then breathe out slowly.医生叫我深吸气,然后慢慢
地呼气。
The drama club breathed new life into the students' after-school activities, giving them more op-
portunities to show their talents.戏剧俱乐部为学生们的课后活动注入了新的活力,给了他们更
多展示才华的机会。 (写作·学校活动)
用法归纳
①breathe in/　　　 吸气/呼气
②breathe (new) life　　　 sth.给某物带来起色,给某物注入(新的)活力
词汇 3
out
into
词汇拓展
①breath n.呼吸
take a deep breath深吸一口气
hold one's breath屏住呼吸
catch one's breath歇一口气
be/become out of breath气喘吁吁,上气不接下气
be/become short of breath(因疾病、年迈等)呼吸困难;气短
take one's breath away令人惊叹;让人叹绝
All the participants held their breath when the final result was announced.宣读最终结果时,所
有的参赛选手都屏住了呼吸。 (读后续写·动作描写)
When we paused to catch our breath, Steve got down on one knee.当我们停下来喘口气时,史
蒂夫单膝跪下。(2022全国甲)
②breathless adj.气喘吁吁的;上气不接下气的
词汇4　 calm adj.镇静的,沉着的 v.(使)平静,(使)镇静
Keep calm and be prepared.保持冷静并做好准备。(教材P4)
情景导学
Thankfully, Jeff stayed calm and turned off the gas quickly.谢天谢地,杰夫保持冷静,迅速关掉
了煤气。 (2021新高考Ⅰ)
The mother gently patted the boy's back to calm him down after he had a nightmare in the middle
of the night.男孩半夜做噩梦后,母亲轻轻拍他的背,让他平静下来。 (读后续写·动作描写)
As I calmed down, the day's events began to unfold in my mind.当我冷静下来时,这一天发生的
事情开始在我的脑海中展开。 (读后续写·回忆)
用法归纳
①keep/stay/remain calm 保持冷静
②calm (sb.) 　　　 (使某人)平静/冷静下来
词汇拓展
①calmness n.冷静,镇定
②calmly adv.镇定自若地;镇静地
down
词汇5　confident adj.有信心的,自信的;确信的,有把握的
　　He was not sure about life at senior high, but after the English class, he felt more confident.
他对高中的生活没有把握,但上完英语课后,他感到更加自信。(教材P4)
情景导学
Though faced with many challenges, I'm confident about my ability to deal with them in the se-
nior high school.尽管面临着许多挑战,但我对自己在高中应对这些挑战的能力有信心。
(写作·学校生活)
Jess was confident of passing the driving test, since she had practiced for months.杰丝对通过驾
照考试有把握,因为她已经练习了几个月。
用法归纳
①be confident 　　　 sb./sth.对某人/某事有信心
about
②be confident　　　 (doing)...确信……;对(做)……有把握
③be confident that... 有信心……
词汇拓展
①confidence n.信心;信任
have/lose confidence in...对……抱有/失去信心
with confidence怀有信心地
②confidently adv.确信地,肯定地;自信地
of
词汇6　argue v.争论,争辩;论证
Argue about the week's hottest topics with the school's sharpest minds!和学校最聪明的头脑讨
论本周最热门的话题!(教材P7)
情景导学
Last Friday, our class had a heated debate, in which about 60 percent of students argued for the
use of mobile phones in school while 40 percent of students argued against it.上周五,我们班进
行了一场激烈的辩论,约60%的学生据理赞成在学校使用手机,40%的学生提出理由反对。
(写作·报道)
Our family members argued with each other about/over whether children should share household
chores.我们的家庭成员就孩子们是否应该分担家务互相进行了争论。 (写作·家庭生活)
My parents have always argued me into challenging myself, for which I'm really grateful.我
的父母一直说服我去挑战自己,对此我非常感激。
用法归纳
①argue 　　　 (doing) sth.据理赞成(做)某事
argue　　　 (doing) sth.据理反对(做)某事
②argue 　　　 sb. (about/over sth.)(就某事)与某人争论
③argue sb. 　　　 /out of doing sth.说服某人做/不做某事
④argue that... 提出理由(或证据)说明……;认为……
for
against
with
into
词汇拓展
argument n.争论,争辩;论点
an argument about/over...关于……的争论/辩论
have an argument with sb. (about/over sth.) 与某人争论(某事)
It is beyond argument that...无可争辩的是……,毋庸置疑……
词汇7　volunteer n.志愿者,义务工作者,自愿参加者 v.自愿做;义务做
In the UK and the US, senior high school students take part in various after-school activities,
such as club activities and volunteer work.在英国和美国,高中生参加各种各样的课外活动,如
社团活动和志愿者工作。(教材P8)
情景导学
I often volunteer to do some cleaning work for the elderly at the nursing home.我经常义务为养
老院的老人做一些清洁工作。
用法归纳
volunteer　　　 sth.(for/as...)(为/作为……)自愿/义务/无偿做某事
to do
词汇拓展
①voluntary adj.自愿的;志愿的
②voluntarily adv.自愿地;自动地;义务地
词汇8　apply vi.& vt.申请;请求 vt.应用;涂抹;将……投入 vi.适用,有关联
　　After-school activities also play a part when students apply to college.课外活动在学生申请
大学时也有用。(教材P8)
情景导学
I'm writing to apply (to you) for the job advertised in the newspaper.我写信是想(向您)申请在报
纸上登广告的那份工作。 (写作·求职信)
All students who are willing to offer a helping hand to others can apply to join the club.所有愿意
向他人伸出援手的学生都可以申请加入这个俱乐部。 (写作·纳新启事)
The rules of safe driving apply to everyone, without exception.安全驾驶规则适用于每一个人,
没有例外。
Only when you apply yourself to your study can you make great progress in a short time.只有当
你全身心投入学习中,你才能在短时间内取得很大的进步。 (写作·建议信)
用法归纳
①apply (to sb.) 　　　 sth.(向某人)申请某事
②apply　　　 sth.申请做某事
③apply　　　 适用于
④apply oneself to (doing) sth.　　 　　　 (to为介词)
⑤apply A to B 把A应用于B;把A涂抹到B上
for
to do　
to
专心致志于(做)某事

词汇拓展
①applicant n.申请人
②application n.申请;申请书;应用
an application form申请表
情景助记
apply的不同词义
词汇9　schedule n.计划表,进度表,日程表v.安排,为……安排时间
　　However, they can take up a lot of time, so students have to learn to organise their busy
schedules.然而,它们会占用很多时间,因此学生必须学会安排繁忙的日程表。(教材P8)
情景导学
Having worked for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.工作了两天,史蒂夫
设法如期完成了他的报告。
In spite of all the difficulties, we finished our task ahead of schedule.尽管有许多困难,我们还是
提前完成了任务。
As scheduled, we are to gather in the lecture hall in our school at 6:50 am.按照预定时间,我们将
于早上6:50在我们学校的演讲厅集合。
The course is scheduled to be held in the school lecture hall from 4:00 p.m. to 4:45 p.m.every
Wednesday.该课程定于每周三下午4:00至4:45在学校演讲厅进行。 (写作·通知)
用法归纳
①　　　 schedule(=on time)按预定时间,如期
②　　 　 /behind schedule先于/落后于预定时间
③be scheduled 　　　 sth.预计/安排做某事
④be scheduled for+时间 预定/安排在……(时间)
⑤　　　 scheduled按照预定时间
情景助记
on
ahead of　
to do　
as
词汇10　graduate v.毕业;逐渐发展 n.毕业生
　　Lisa graduated from our school last June and is about to go to college in New York.莉萨去
年六月毕业于我们学校,即将去纽约上大学。(教材P11)
情景导学
My brother graduated in law from Shandong University ten years ago.我哥哥十年前从山东大学
法律专业毕业。
After graduating from university, she has been working in a remote school, helping thousands of
children achieve their dreams.大学毕业后,她一直在一所偏远的学校工作,帮助成千上万的孩
子实现他们的梦想。 (写作·人物介绍)
用法归纳
①graduate 　　　 从……(学校)毕业
from
②graduate 　　　 毕业于……(专业)
③graduate from...to... 从……过渡到……,由……发展成……
词汇拓展
graduation n.毕业;毕业典礼
after graduation毕业之后
in
词汇11　frightened adj.受惊的,害怕的
I was frightened at the sight of the test paper.我看到试卷就害怕了。(教材P11)
情景导学
The little girl was frightened of the dark, so she always slept with a night light on.这个小女孩怕
黑,因此她睡觉时总是开着一盏夜灯。
The girl was so frightened to walk into the doctor's office that her hands began to shake uncon-
trollably.这个女孩如此害怕走进诊所,以至于她的手开始不受控制地颤抖起来。(读后续写·
动作描写)
When he saw the bear in the forest, he was frightened to death.当他在森林里看见熊时,他
吓得要死。
用法归纳
①be frightened　　　 (doing)sth.害怕(做)某事
②be frightened 　　　 sth.害怕做某事
③be frightened 　　　 death吓得要死
④be frightened that... 害怕……
词汇拓展
①frighten v.使惊吓;使惊恐
frighten away/off把……吓跑;把……吓得不敢(做某事)
frighten sb. into doing sth.把某人吓得做某事
②fright n.惊吓,恐怖;使人惊吓的经历
③frightening adj.使惊恐的;令人害怕的(常修饰物)
The frightening scene in the film frightened her into crying.电影中那可怕的场景把她吓哭了。
of
to do　
to
词汇12　particular n.细节 adj.特定的;挑剔的
Is there anything else in particular that you'd like to share with us 你还有任何其他特别想
和我们分享的事情吗 (教材P12)
情景导学
As people often say, any exercise is better than none, but long-distance running in particular has a
lot of benefits.正如人们常说的,运动总比不运动好,特别是长跑有很多益处。
He is very particular about/over the kitchen—everything has to be perfectly clean and in its place.
他对厨房非常挑剔——每样东西都必须一尘不染,并且在它应该在的地方。
用法归纳
①　　　 particular尤其,特别
②be particular 　　　 /over对……讲究/挑剔
in
about
词汇拓展
particularly adv.特别,尤其
词汇13　refer to参考,查阅;提到,谈到;描述,涉及
Refer to the interview for ideas.参考这个采访来获取想法。(教材P13)
情景导学
I promised not to refer to the matter again.我答应过不再提这件事了。
Although she didn't mention any names, everyone knew who she was referring to.虽然她没有提
到任何名字,但每个人都知道她指的是谁。
Can you refer me to someone who can provide more information about the program 你能把我介
绍给能提供更多有关该项目信息的人吗
His teachers referred to him as a handful because he always caused trouble.他的老师把他称为
“难搞的家伙”,因为他总是惹麻烦。 (读后续写·人物描写)
用法归纳
①refer to... 　　　 ... 称……为……
②refer...　　　 ... 将……送交给……(以求获得帮助等)
特别提醒
refer to作“查阅”讲时,后接词典、参考书等;而look up 表示“查阅”时,后接要查阅的内
容。refer to a dictionary/book=look up sth. in a dictionary/book。
词汇拓展
reference n.参考,查阅;提及,谈到
for reference以备参考,供查阅
in/with reference to(所述内容)关于
as
to
词汇14　struggle v.& n.奋斗,拼搏;斗争;搏斗
　　The teacher found I was struggling with note-taking and told me to stop and just listen.老师
发现我疲于记笔记,让我停下来听。(教材P14)
情景导学
They have been struggling for freedom since last century.他们从上个世纪以来就一直为自由而
斗争。
So sleepy was the boy that he had to struggle to keep his eyes open.这个男孩太困了,他不得不
努力睁着眼睛。
Steve struggled to his feet and hugged his neighbor tightly.史蒂夫挣扎着站起来,紧紧地拥抱他
的邻居。(读后续写·动作描写)
They struggled against/with the strong wind and finally reached the village.他们与狂风作斗争,
最终到达了村庄。
用法归纳
①struggle 　　　 sth.努力做某事
②struggle 　　　 ... 为……而斗争/奋斗
③struggle 　　　 one's feet挣扎着站起来
④struggle　　　 sb./sth.与某人/某物作斗争
⑤struggle with sb.与某人搏斗
to do　
for
to
against/with
词汇15　look forward to(兴奋地)期待,盼望
　　I'm looking forward to it!我很期待!(教材P14)
情景导学
I'm looking forward to hearing from you.我期待着收到你的来信。
用法归纳
look forward to中的to为介词,如果后接动词,则应用　　　 形式。
词汇拓展
含有介词to的其他常用搭配:
①devote oneself to... 献身于……;致力于……
②be used to (doing)...习惯于(做)……
③stick to... 坚持……
动名词
④lead to.../contribute to... 导致/促成……
⑤prefer...to... 比起……更喜欢……
⑥get down to... 开始做……
词汇16　exchange v.& n.交流(信息、想法等);交换;兑换
exchange ideas交流想法(教材P16)
情景导学
It is a good idea to exchange your ideas with your parents because they have a wealth of life ex-
perience.与父母交流你的想法是个好主意,因为他们有丰富的生活经验。 (写作·建议信)
Before travelling to this country, you should go to exchange the RMB for dollars in the bank.在
去这个国家旅行之前,你应该去银行把人民币兑换成美元。
Last weekend, the students held a bake sale in exchange for funding to support the school's music
program.上周末学生们举办了一场烤饼义卖,以换取资金来支持学校的音乐项目。 (写作·
报道)
用法归纳
①exchange sth. 　　　 sb.和某人交换某物;和某人交流某事
②exchange A 　　　 B 用A换取B
③　　　 exchange for sth.作为某物的交换
④exchange students交换生
情景助记
exchange的不同词义

with
for
in
高频词汇积累
词汇 释义 用法&拓展
tradition n.传统 by tradition 按照传统风俗
traditional adj.传统的;习俗的
traditionally adv.传统上
facility n.设施(常用复数形式) sports/leisure facilities体育/消闲设施
moment n.某一时刻 at the moment此刻,现在,目前
in a moment一会儿;立刻;马上
for the moment暂时;目前
at the last moment在(重大事
情前的)最后一刻
eagerness n.热切,渴望 in one's eagerness to do sth.急切地想做某事
eager adj.渴望的;热切的
be eager for sth.渴望得到某物
be eager to do sth.渴望做某事
-ness表示“……的状态、性质或特点”。如calmness冷
静,coldness冷,冷淡,carelessness粗心,carefulness仔细,
helplessness无助。
explore v.考察,探险 exploration n.探索;勘探;探究
explorer n.考察者;探险者;勘探者
organise v.组织;安排;管理 organised adj.有组织的;有条理的
in organised groups在有组织的团体中(2022全国乙)
organisation n.组织;机构
panic n.惊恐,惊慌 v.(使)惊慌,惊慌失措 in panic惊慌地
get into a panic陷入恐慌
panic sb. into doing sth.使某人仓皇行事
注意:panic的过去式和过去
分词均为panicked,现在分词为panicking
challenge n.挑战;质疑 vt.向(某人)挑战;
对……怀疑 face/meet/accept/take up/take
on a challenge面对/迎接/接受挑战
challenge sb. to sth.向某人挑战某事
challenge sb. to do sth.向某人挑战做某事
challenging adj.挑战性的
challenger n.挑战者
description n.描述,描写,叙述,形容,说明 a detailed/full description of...
对……详细的/详尽的描述
a brief/general description of...
对……简要的/概括性的说明
beyond description 难以描述,难以形容
describe v.描述,形容
sharp adj.敏锐的,聪明的;锋利的,锐
利的;突然的;急剧的(生义);
鲜明的(生义);刻薄的(生义) have a sharp mind 有着敏锐的头脑
a sharp knife 一把锋利的刀
a sharp reduction in the number of cars on the road道路上汽车数量的急剧减少(2020浙江)
a sharp contrast to 与……的鲜明对比
sharply adv.尖刻地;严厉地;猛烈地
sharpen v.(使)变得锋利;(使)提高,改善
award n.奖,奖赏 v.授予;奖励 win/receive/get an award for sth.因某事赢得/得到/获得奖项award sb. sth.= award sth. to sb.授予某人某
物,奖励某人某物
opportunity n.机会,时机 an opportunity to do sth.做某事的机会
chance n.机会
subscribe v.订阅(报纸或杂志);定期交
纳(会员费) subscribe to 定期订购
subscriber n.(报刊的)订阅人,订购者,订户
subscription n.订阅,订购;(报
刊等的)订阅费,订购款
view n.(一次)观看;视野;(个人的)
意见,见解;(从某处看到的)景
色,风景 vt.把……视为;看,观
看 in view 在视线内
come into view 映入眼帘
in one's view 在某人看来
in view of... 鉴于……;考虑到……
be viewed as... 被看作……
former adj.从前的 the former前者
latter adj.后者的;后面的 n.
(刚提及的两者中的)后者
the latter后者
sight n.看到,看见;视力范围,视野;
视力;风景,名胜(常用复数) at the sight of 一看到……就……
lose sight of 看不见
catch sight of看见;发现
in sight看得见;在视野内
out of sight看不见;在视野外
figure v.认为,以为 n.数字;人物;体
形,身材 have a good figure 体形好
a leading figure 一位主要人物
figure out 弄清楚,弄明白;计算出
memorise v.记住,熟记 memory n.记忆,记忆力;回忆
memorable adj.值得纪念的;难忘的
performance n.(工作或活动中的)表现;表
演,演出 perform v.演出;运转;做;执行
performer n.表演者,演员
结构1 “sb. was/were doing sth. when...”句型
I was looking at the photos on the noticeboard when I heard a voice behind me.我正看着布
告栏上的照片,这时我听到我身后有声音。(教材P2)
I was organising my words in my head when the girl next to me gave me a nudge.我正在脑海中
组织语言,坐在我旁边的女孩轻轻推了我一下。(教材P3)
情景导学
Henry was fixing his car when he heard the screams.亨利正在修理他的汽车,这时他听见了尖
叫声。 (2022新高考Ⅱ)
用法归纳
“sb. was/were doing sth. when...”句型常翻译为“某人正在做某事,这时……”,when引导时
间状语从句;主句常用　　　　　 ,从句常用　　　　　 。
经典结构 情景破
过去进行时
一般过去时
结构拓展
①sb.+be about to do sth. when...=sb.+be on the point of doing sth. when... 某人正要做某事,这
时……
I was about to give up the work when Mom's words came to my mind.
→I was on the point of giving up the work when Mom's words came to my mind.我正要放弃这
项工作,这时我想起了妈妈的话。
②sb. had just done sth. when... 某人刚做完某事,这时……
I had just finished my exam paper when the bell rang.我刚做完试卷,这时铃声就响了。
结构2　“too...to...”结构
　　I had been too nervous to pay attention when he introduced himself! 当他做自我介绍时,我
太紧张了,所以没注意听!(教材P4)
情景导学
He was too scared to move an inch.他吓得一动也不敢动。
The window was too small for him to get through.窗户对他来说太小,他钻不过去。
用法归纳
①“too...to...”结构意为“太……而不能……”。too是　　　 ,后面接形容词或副词;to是
动词不定式符号,后面接　　　 。
②如果表达“对某人来说太……而不能……,太……以至于某人不能……”时,要在不定式
之前加上它的逻辑主语“for sb.”,这时变成“too+adj./adv.+for sb. to do sth.”结构。
副词
动词原形
结构拓展
(1)“too...to...”结构还可以与“...enough to...”结构和“so...that...”结构互相转换。
The problem is too hard to work out.=The problem isn't easy enough to work out.这个问题太
难解决了。(注意:not后面的形容词是too后面的形容词的反义词)
Tom is too young to go to school.=Tom is so young that he can't go to school.汤姆太小了不能
去上学。(注意:that后面的从句要用否定形式)
(2)“too...to...”结构在下列情况中表示肯定意义:
①当too后面接kind、anxious、glad、pleased、delighted、willing、eager等形容词时,往往不
表示否定意义,此时too前通常有only、simply、just等词修饰,这些词加上too后相当于very,表
示肯定意义。
I am only too delighted to meet you again.我很高兴再次见到你。
②“cannot/can never+动词+too+adj./adv.+to do sth.”意为“再……做某事也不过分,越……
做某事越好”。
You cannot be too careful to drive your car when crossing the street.当你开车穿越街道时,越
当心越好。
Sentence 1
译文　当我的英语老师走进教室时,我惊讶地发现,他就是我之前遇见的那个人。
Sentence 2
译文　尽管我很尴尬,但他的话还是让我放松了很多!
长难句 图解
时间状语　
原因状语　
man
让步状语　
宾补
Sentence 3
译文 回顾我的高中生活,我能给大家的最重要的建议就是作家玛雅·安吉罗的精彩名言。
现在分词　
定语
基本句子结构
一、英语句子的基本成分
构成句子的各个部分称为句子成分。句子成分有主要成分与次要成分之分。主要成分是主
语(Subject)和谓语(Verb),次要成分是表语(Predicative)、宾语(Object)、定语(Attribute)、状
语(Adverbial)、补足语(Complement)和同位语(Appositive)。
1.主语
情景导学
Snow is white.雪是白的。
She is my English teacher.她是我的英语老师。
Getting up early is good for your health.早起对你的健康有好处。
必备语法 情景破
To see is to believe.眼见为实。
The rich should help the poor.富人应该帮助贫穷的人。
What I need is time.我需要的是时间。
用法归纳
主语是句子陈述说明的主体对象(人或事物),属于句子必不可少的标志性成分。主语可以由
名词、①　　　 词、the+②　　　 (名词化的形容词)、③　　　 动词(doing/to do)、
④　　　 句、数词等来充当,不论什么结构总体看都是名词性质。
2.谓语
情景导学
We love China.我们爱中国。
He can speak English.他会说英语。
代
形容词
非谓语　
从
We have finished reading this book.我们已经读完了这本书。
用法归纳
谓语说明主语做什么或怎么样。通常由动词或动词短语充当,位于主语之后。实义动词可以
单独作谓语;⑤　　　 动词和⑥　　　 动词需要和实义动词一起构成谓语。
3.表语
情景导学
His words sounded reasonable.他的话听起来是合理的。
She is in good health.她很健康。
My father is a professor.我父亲是一位教授。
用法归纳
表语用以说明主语的身份、特征或状态。一般位于系动词之后,由⑦　　　 词、代词、名
情态
助
形容
词、分词、数词、动词不定式、动名词、⑧　　　 词短语、副词及表语从句充当。
4.宾语
情景导学
She has a very pleasant smile.她笑得很灿烂。
I think (that) he is fit for this position.我认为他适合这个职务。
, please.请借给我你的词典。
用法归纳
宾语表示动作的对象或承受者,一般位于及物动词或介词后面。常由⑨　　　 词、代词、
动名词、动词不定式或相当于名词的词组或从句等充当。
(1)直接宾语表示动作的承受者或结果,通常指 　　　 。
(2)间接宾语表示动作的接受者或指向,通常指 　　　 ,它位于直接宾语之前;位于直接宾
介
名
物
人
语之后时,其前面常加介词to或for。
5.宾语补足语
情景导学
His father named him Dongming.他的父亲给他取名叫东明。
They painted their boat white.他们把船漆成了白色。
用法归纳
补充说明宾语的成分叫宾语补足语。一般由 　　　 词、 　　　 词、动词不定式
(短语)、副词、分词和介词短语等充当。
6.定语
情景导学
China is a developing country while America is a developed country.中国是一个发展中国家,而
名
形容
美国是一个发达国家。
Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.我们的班长总是第一个进入教室。
用法归纳
修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。一般由形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、
　　 　　　 、动名词、 　　　 词、介词短语和从句等充当。单个词作定语时通常
放在它所修饰的词之前;短语和从句作定语时常放在其所修饰的词之后。
7.状语
情景导学
I am very pleased to see you.见到你我非常高兴。
I'll be back in a while.我一会儿就回来。
动词不定式(短语)
分
用法归纳
修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫作状语。一般由
　　　 词、形容词、动词不定式、分词、介词短语、从句等充当。
8.同位语
情景导学
We have two children, a boy and a girl.我们有两个孩子,一个男孩和一个女孩。
The news that he had passed the exam delighted his mother.他通过考试的消息使他母亲很高
兴。
用法归纳
同位语通常位于名词或代词之后,对该词作进一步解释说明。可以作同位语的有名词短语、
代词、数词、 　　　 等。
副
从句
二、七种基本句型
1.主谓(SV)
情景导学
S V(不及物动词)
Time flies.
用法归纳
此句型的句子有一个共同特点:句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫作
　　 动词。
不及物
S V(不及物动词) A
She sings beautifully.
2.主谓状(SVA)
情景导学
用法归纳
不及物动词后面可以跟 　　　 词、介词短语等。
副
S V(及物动词) O
Who knows the answer
3.主谓宾(SVO)
情景导学
用法归纳
此句型的句子有一个共同特点:谓语动词都是 　　　 动词,都是主语产生的动作,但不能
表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。
及物
4.主谓宾状(SVOA)
情景导学
S V(及物动词) O A
I wrote a letter yesterday.
用法归纳
此句型的句子有一个共同特点:谓语动词是及物动词,其后接宾语,副词、介词短语等作
　　 语。
状
5.主谓双宾语(SVIODO)
情景导学
S V(及物动词) IO(间接宾语, 多指人) DO(直接宾语,多指物)
I told him how to run the machine.
用法归纳
此句型的句子有一个共同特点:谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。 　
　 宾语指的是动作的对象、承受者或后果; 　　　 宾语表示动作是向某人或为某人
做的,两个宾语之间的位置一般可通过增加介词而互换。
直接
间接
　　注意: 双宾语易位时需借助to的常用动词:give、lend、hand、offer、pass、promise、
send、show、teach、tell等;双宾语易位时需借助for的常用动词:buy、cook、find、get、
make、order、spare等。
She passed him the salt.=She passed the salt to him.她把盐递给了他。
Her uncle bought her an English-Chinese dictionary yesterday.=Her uncle bought an English-
Chinese dictionary for her yesterday.昨天,她叔叔给她买了一本英汉词典。
6.主谓宾宾补(SVOOC)
情景导学
S V(及物动词) O OC
We keep the table clean.
用法归纳
此句型的句子有一个共同特点:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的
意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足 　　　 语,才能使意思完整,且宾语和补充成分的位
置不能互换。
宾
7.主系表(SVP)
情景导学
S V(系动词) P
Everything looks different.
用法归纳
此句型的句子有一个共同特点:句子的系动词不能单独表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个
表明主语身份或状态的 　　　 语,才能表达完整的意思。
表
即时巩固讲
Ⅰ.写出下列句子的句型结构
S: 主语　V: 谓语　O: 宾语　P: 表语
A: 状语　IO: 间接宾语　DO: 直接宾语
OC: 宾语补足语
1.(2023全国乙)She studied all the hair products at the drugstore.　　　
2.(2023新课标Ⅰ)On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minneso-
ta.　　　
3.(2022新高考Ⅰ)It was the day of the big cross-country run. 　　　
4.(2021新高考Ⅰ)Jenna made him put his hand in cold water.　　　
5.(2020全国Ⅰ)My mom told me how to prepare it.　　　
SVOA
SVA
SVP
SVOOC
SVIODO
6.Tom bought a new book.　　　
7.The company will offer the local people sports facilities.　　　
Ⅱ.用本单元所学单词翻译句子
1.海豚是一种聪明的动物。(主系表)

2.他登上舞台前深呼吸。(主谓状)

3.他决定冷静地面对这些挑战。(主谓宾状)

4.志愿者们给孩子们买了一些礼物。(主谓双宾语)

SVO
SVIODO
The dolphin is an intelligent animal.
He breathed deeply before he went onto the stage.
He decided to face the challenges calmly.
Volunteers bought the children some gifts.
5.弹钢琴总是让他很开心。(主谓宾宾补)

Playing the piano always makes him very happy.