(共116张PPT)
Section Ⅲ
Using language
NO 1
语法专区——落实“形式—意义—使用”三维动态语法观
NO 4
课时跟踪检测
目 录
NO 2
听说专区——在主题活动中提升语言技能
NO 3
新知学习/核心语言点集中释解
(语法项目——复习定语从句)
No.1 语法专区/落实“形式—意义—使用”三维动态语法观
初识语法——在美文运用中体悟
背美文 Isaac Asimov was an American scientist and writer who wrote around 500 books① that/which included mystery stories, science and history books, and even books about Shakespeare②.But his best-known work was his science fiction stories.Asimov had both an extraordinary imagination that/which gave him the ability to explore
续表
背美文 future worlds③ and an amazing mind with which he searched for explanations of everything in the present and the past④.Asimov's life began in Russia, where he was born⑤ on 2nd January, 1920.It ended in New York on 6th April, 1992, when he died⑥ as a result of an HIV infection that/which he had got from a blood transfusion nine years earlier⑦.
续表
悟语法 句①是关系代词who引导的定语从句，修饰指人的先行词an American scientist and writer；
句②是关系代词that/which 引导的定语从句，修饰指物的先行词around 500 books；
句③是关系代词that/which 引导的定语从句，修饰指物的先行词an extraordinary imagination；
续表
悟语法 句④是“介词＋关系代词which”引导的定语从句，修饰指物的先行词an amazing mind;
句⑤是关系副词where引导的定语从句，where在从句中作地点状语；
句⑥是关系副词when引导的定语从句，when在从句中作时间状语；
句⑦是关系代词that/which 引导的定语从句，修饰指物的先行词an HIV infection。
慧学语法——在归纳演绎中学通
定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个成分。定语从句分为限制性和非限制性从句(与主句之间用逗号隔开)两种。定语从句的基本结构为：先行词＋关系代词或关系副词＋从句。关系词有三大作用：指代先行词；引导定语从句；在从句中充当句子成分。
一、关系代词的用法
1．关系代词的基本用法
关系代词 先行词 句法功能
who 人 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语
whom 人 宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)
whose (＝of whom/of which) 人或物 定语
续表
that 人或物 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语
which 物 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)
as 人或物 主语、宾语
2．五种只用that而不用which的情况
(1)先行词是不定代词all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等或者先行词被不定代词所修饰时；
Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself
你有什么要为自己说的吗？
(2)先行词被序数词、形容词最高级或the only, the very (恰恰，正好), the last等修饰时；
This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen.
这是我看过的最激动人心的足球比赛之一。
This is the only thing that we can do now.
这是我们现在唯一能做的事情。
(3)先行词既有人又有物时；
The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all.
你告诉我的那位科学家和他所取得的成就为我们所有人所钦佩。
(4)当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词在从句中也作表语时；
Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.
上海不再是过去的那座城市了。
(5)当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。
Who is the person that is standing at the gate
站在门口的那个人是谁？
3．which与as引导非限制性定语从句时的3点区别
which as
位置 只能放在主句的后面 位置灵活，可位于句首、句中，也可置于句末
搭配 无动词的限制 从句谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如see, hear, know, expect, remember等
意思 意为“这一点” 表示“正如……，正像……的那样”
[对点练]
(1)单句语法填空
①(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route __________brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England.
which/that
②(2023·全国甲卷)Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, ____ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”．
③(2023·全国乙卷)But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place _________ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
④(2022·全国甲卷)On the 1,100-kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ____ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces.
as
which/that
who
⑤(2021·浙江1月高考)BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool _________ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.
⑥(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Rome can be pricey for travelers, ______ is why many choose to stay in a hostel (旅社)．
that/which
which
(2)完成句子
⑦First, ______________________________________ — the Forest Park is not far away from the center of the city.
首先，我们决定去参观的地方——森林公园离市中心并不远。
⑧From this experience I have learnt that questioning can serve as a bridge _______________________________.
我从这次经历中学到：质疑可以成为帮助我们寻求真理的桥梁。
the place (which/that) we've decided to visit
that/which helps us to seek the truth
⑨This is the very book __________________.
这正是我在找的那本书。
⑩Those _____________________ could hardly believe what had happened.
那些在洪水中幸存下来的人很难相信所发生的事情。
that I am looking for
who survived the floods
关系 副词 先行词 语法功能 转换为“介词＋关系代词”
when 表示时间的名词：time, day, year等 作时间 状语 ＝at/in/on/ during which
where 表示场所的名词：park, place, country, house等 作地点 状语 ＝in/at/to/ on which
why 表示理由或原因的名词：reason 作原因 状语 ＝for which
二、关系副词的用法
We live in an age when more information is available with greater ease than ever before.
我们生活在一个比以前更容易获得更多信息的时代。
Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other.
古代中国是各诸侯国之间经常发生战争的地方。
[名师点津] 当先行词为situation, case, stage, point等表示抽象意义的词，且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，用关系副词where。
He has reached the point where a change is needed.
他已到了需要改变的地步了。
[对点练] (单句语法填空)
①(2023·全国甲卷)“There was once a town in the heart of America _____ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings，” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables.
where
②(2021·全国甲卷)Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, _____ the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing.
③(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)My life as a tax-paying employed person began in middle school, _____, for three whole days, I worked in a baking factory.
where
when
④Some university students carried out a campaign ______ they spent their whole day without cellphones.
⑤ ... China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot _____it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
⑥Mr Smith owned this oil painting until the early 1990s, _____ he gave it to his grandson.
where
where
when
构成 句法 功能 用法指津
the＋名词＋of＋关系代词 主语 可转化为“whose＋名词”结构
数词(形容词最高级)＋of＋关系代词 主语 数词还可以被some, many, most, each等不定代词替换
三、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
续表
介词(短语)＋关系代词 状语 关系代词只能用which或whom且不能省略，但可与关系副词互换
介词＋关系代词＋名词 状语 关系代词常用which和whose
介词＋where/when 状语 有时为了表达清楚，还可以在where/when前加介词from或to
Recently, I bought an ancient vase，the price of which was very reasonable.
最近，我买了一个古代花瓶，它的价格很合理。
He has ten cousins，the youngest of whom is very clever.他有十个表兄弟，最小的那个很聪明。
We are looking for the person to whom the book belongs.我们正在寻找这本书的主人。
Lily might possibly come, in which case I'll ask her.
莉莉可能会来，要是那样的话我就去问她。
There is a big window in my room, from where I can see the railway station.
我的房间有一个大窗户，透过它我可以看到火车站。
[对点练] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
①Professor Smith, for _____ work matters most, is devoted to his research work.
②Many lessons are now available online, _____ which students can choose for free.
③She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction __ which had taken more than three years.
whom
from
of
④Reading has a lot of advantages, ___________________________ ___________________.
读书有很多益处，其中之一是它有助于你培养阅读技巧。
⑤The teachers of our school, _____________________________, have devoted themselves to the cause of education.
我们学校里的老师，大多数都是三十多岁，把他们的一切都奉献给了教育事业。
one of which is that it helps you
develop reading skills
most of whom are in their thirties
活用语法——在针对训练中提能
Ⅰ.用恰当的关系词填空
1．This is the longest train ____I have ever seen.
2．Kate, _____ sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.
3．Data shows that kids and teens ____ do read frequently, compared to infrequent readers, have more books in the home.
that
whose
who
4．In 1963, the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of _____ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.
5．Bamboo grows well in the place _____ it is warm and wet all the year.
6．John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of ______ are family members.
whose
where
whom
7．The reason _____ I won't be available at that time is that my grandfather fell ill suddenly yesterday and I will have to stay with him that day.
8．Tom's best memory is of last year, _____the club gave a dancing party for his birthday.
why
when
Ⅱ.用恰当的关系词完成下面短文
There was a time ①_____ I was tired of learning English and disliked speaking English.And this was the reason ②____ my father forced me to join in a 30-day training in an English club before I went to senior high school.When I first came to the club, ③______ I met many strangers, I missed my parents very much.So I packed up my things and wanted to go home. Fortunately, my guide, ④______ teacher was a famous professor,
when
why
where
whose
communicated with me face to face, from ⑤_____ I gained some useful instructions.He also introduced me to a good partner, and we got along well with each other.Gradually I adapted to the life there.Every day I would like to talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities ⑥______________ we did.I should be grateful to my father and the guide, ⑦_____ encouraged me to fall in love with English.Now I feel it interesting to learn English, into ⑧______ I put my entire energy.
which
that/which/不填
who
which
Every day I read English words and passages aloud.In class I join in English discussions.Before I go to sleep, I go over the passages, through ⑨_____ I can memorize a large number of new words.⑩____ our English teacher says, “As long as you form the habit of learning English every day and stick to it, you will conquer English sooner or later.”
which
As
No.2 听说专区/在主题活动中提升语言技能
教材听力 “三关过”
一、过词汇关——词块互译
1．___________ 首先；作为开始
2．________ 登记；报到
to start with
check in
3．________ (以某种方式)发生；结果是
4．in good condition ________
5．without delay ________________
6．at a lower cost ____________
turn out
状态良好
立即；毫不迟延地
以较低的成本
√
二、过泛听关——听教材录音选最佳答案
1．Where did he live when Sherry was in Hangzhou
A．A fantastic hotel.
B．Wang Lin's home.
C．A university dormitory.
√
2．What do we know about the social credit record
A．It started from 2010.
B．It is only connected with the loan from the bank.
C．It shows people how reliable and creditworthy you are.
3．Who is laolai
A．People with criminal records.
B．People who can't be relied on to repay his loans.
C．People who borrow a lot of money from the bank.
√
三、过精听关——依据教材听力完成句子
1．Well, _____________________________, they didn't make us pay a deposit!
2.It turned out that Wang Lin ______________________________.
to start with, when we checked in
has a very good social credit record
3．And ______________, you'd have lots of activities in your daily life that went onto your social credit record.
4.It sounds ______________________ has turned into money!
5.I saw on TV recently that a man was prohibited from renting an expensive car — _____________________________ he was a laolai!
living in a city
as if the social credit score
because the credit system showed
强化训练 “在平时”
一、听力仿真训练
Ⅰ.听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
√
1．Where is Jennifer working now
A．In a college.
B．In a hospital.
C．In a drug store.
√
2．What is the probable relationship between the speakers
A．Mother and son.
B．Business partners.
C．Boss and secretary.
3．How much will the man pay
A．$15. B．$30. C．$60.
√
√
4．Why won't the woman go to see a movie
A．Because she is too busy.
B．Because she doesn't like movies.
C．Because she has no money for a movie.
5．What color dress will the woman buy
A．Red. B．White. C．Purple.
√
Ⅱ.听下面2段对话。每段对话后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
√
6．How long has the man been away from Beijing
A．About twelve months.
B．About sixteen months.
C．About eighteen months.
√
7．What's the relationship between the man and Lily
A．Husband and wife.
B．Boss and secretary.
C．Father and daughter.
√
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．What kind of flowers does the man order
A．A dozen red carnations.
B．A dozen yellow carnations.
C．A dozen pink roses.
√
9．Where should the flowers be sent
A．No.84, WM Street.
B．No.48, MW Road.
C．No.84, MW Street.
10．What does the man require the woman to do at last
A．Call him to confirm the information.
B．Call his mother before delivering the flowers.
C．Help him write a letter.
√
附：听力材料
(Text 1)
M：Where are you working now, Jennifer Still in the hospital
W：No, I left the hospital and I refused the job at a drug store.①I'm working as a teacher in a medical college now.
(Text 2)
M：②Ms Brown, can you tell me my arrangements today
W：At 9 o'clock, you have a meeting. And then you should have lunch with your business partner. Oh, you said you will buy a gift for your son today.
(Text 3)
M：How much are the toys
W：We are having a sale today. ③The original price is 10 dollars each, but now it only costs half the price.
M：③All right, I'll take three.
(Text 4)
M：Let's go to a movie.
W：④I can't. I barely have enough money for food. I'm broke until next week.
(Text 5)
W：Do you have this dress in other colors
M：Well, they come in white, red and purple. ⑤Will a purple one do
W：⑤Yeah. That'll be nice. I'll take one.
(Text 6)
M：Hello, Mary. I can't wait to tell you — I'll be home this Sunday, September 30th! I'll take Flight TA337 from Dubai and will arrive in Beijing at about 6 pm.
W：Really That's wonderful news.
M：Well, ⑥it's been such a long time away from you and our daughter, from last June to this September. ⑦I miss you and our daughter every day.
W：We miss you too, John. ⑦I'll bring Lily to the airport and wait for you at the exit.
(Text 7)
W：Hello, Sunshine Flowers Shop. This is Sharon speaking.
M：This is Peter Hanks. I'd like to order some flowers for my mother and have them sent to her apartment.
W：Fine, Mr Hanks. What kind of flowers do you want
M：⑧I'd like to send a dozen red carnations.
W：A dozen red carnations Our long stem red carnations are selling for 12 pounds a dozen this week and they are really quite nice.
M：All right then. I'll take those.
W：I need your complete address, Mr Hanks.
M：⑨The address is No.84, MW Street. For the card, just write something simple. How about “Dear Mom, all my love, Tom.”？
W：Of course. OK, when should they arrive
M：They should be there before 5：00 in the afternoon on June, 17th.My mom's telephone number is 8456-086-363. ⑩Please call her first before you deliver them.
W：That should be no problem. Just one more question, Mr Hanks. How do you intend to pay for it
M：You can put it on my visa card. The number is KH3272645.
W：Got it. Bye.
M：Bye. Thanks.
二、口语交际训练
根据对话内容，从对话后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
M：Hello, Grace! That's a beautiful skirt you have on. ___
W：To attend an interview.
M：___
W：My major is history, but I also have a good command of English.So I'll apply for a job as an English teacher.
M：Oh. ___
1
2
3
W：Why You said my skirt was beautiful just now.
M：Yes, your skirt is really beautiful, but you are applying for a teaching position.You see, your skirt is very short.
W：___
M：Well, in my opinion, you shouldn't pay too much attention to your appearance. 5 Your experience and knowledge will gain the appreciation of your interviewer.
4
A．Where are you going
B．Can you explain it in detail
C．You should look simple but elegant.
D．What kind of job are you applying for
E．That dress doesn't exactly match the job.
答案：1～5 ADEBC
|多积主题表达|
与“职业和选择”有关的表达：
1．seek a job as ... 找一份……的工作
2．get into the field of ... 进入……领域
3．be suitable for the position 适合这个职位
4．list your strengths and skill set 列出你自身的优势和技能
5．be intended to prepare us for ... 旨在使我们为……做好准备
6．inspire me to pursue ...as my career
激励我追求……作为我的职业
7．enable us to be financially independent
让我们能实现经济独立
8．allow us the opportunity to be engaged in
让我们有机会从事……
9．combine work with my interests and strengths
把自己的兴趣和长处与工作结合起来
10．It is no surprise that being one's own boss is appealing to many people.
做自己的老板对很多人都有吸引力，这并不奇怪。
11．The best preparation for good work tomorrow is to do good work today.
为明天做好工作的最好准备就是今天把工作做好。
12．If you don't build your dream, someone will hire you to help build theirs.
如果你不构建自己的梦想，别人会雇你去帮他们构建梦想。
13．A man who doesn't plan long ahead will find trouble at his door.
人无远虑，必有近忧。
14．The only limit to our realization of tomorrow will be our doubts of today.
实现明天理想的唯一障碍是今天的疑虑。
No.3 新知学习/核心语言点集中释解
1．You will have to pay bills and handle budgets to make ends meet.
你将不得不支付账单和处理预算，使收支平衡。
★make ends meet使收支仅能相抵
[用法感知]
①Despite having two jobs, Jim can hardly make ends meet. 尽管打着两份工，吉姆几乎还是入不敷出。
②While I felt very nervous, many students gave me loud applause at the end of my speech.
虽然我感到很紧张，但在演讲结束时，许多学生给了我热烈的掌声。
[归纳点拨]
at an end 结束；终结
at the end of 在……末尾；在……尽头
by the end of 到……为止(常与完成时连用)
in the end 最后，终于(常与过去时连用)
come to an end 结束
[应用融会] (完成句子)
③We had learned 2,000 English words ____________________.
到上个学期为止，我们已经学了2 000个英语单词。
④Human beings must ________________, or war will _____________ _____________.
人类必须结束战争，否则战争就会毁灭人类。
⑤______________________________, and the crowd soon cleared away from the football ground.
足球比赛结束了，人群很快就从足球场上散去了。
by the end of last term
put an end to war
put an end to
human beings
The football match came to an end
2．Avoid luxuries so that you don't go into debt.
避免奢侈品，这样你就不会负债。
★go into debt陷入债务之中，负债
[用法感知]
①Out of debt, out of danger.
无债一身轻。
②It's much easier to get into debt than to get out of debt.
负债容易还债难。
③After three years' hard work, I eventually paid off my debts.
经过三年的辛苦工作，我终于还清了债务。
[归纳点拨]
get into debt 负债
be in heavy debt＝be deep in debt 负债累累
put sb. in debt 使某人负债
be/get out of debt 不欠债
pay off (all) the debts 还清(所有)债务
owe sb.a debt 欠某人一笔债
[应用融会] (完成句子)
④What made him happy was that after all these years he at last _________________.
使他高兴的是，多年之后他终于还清了所有的债务。
⑤Starting your own business could be a way to achieving financial independence. On the other hand, ________________________.
自己创业可能是实现经济独立的一种方法。但另一方面，它可能会让你置于债务之中。
paid off all his debts
it could just put you in debt
No.4 课时跟踪检测
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Millennials (千禧一代) who conduct “forward-looking financial strategies” tend to be happier and more satisfied with their lives.Following a budget，saving money and shopping less have benefits “beyond the bound of personal finance”，according to a new study out of the University of Arizona.
For the study, researchers collected data from 968 young adults born between the years 1981 and 1996, starting when they were freshmen in college (ages 18－21)．They followed up with the same students when they were seniors, and then two years later (ages 23－26)．The study participants answered questions about materialism，their own personal finance strategies such as budgeting and any pro-environmental habits they followed.Students were also surveyed about their mental health, including how satisfied they were with their lives and how they'd rank their personal well-being.
“People who save money report better overall well-being，including less psychological pain，”Sabrina Helm，study author tells CNBC Make It.“And people who buy less and consume less show less depressive symptoms，so there's a positive mental health effect.”
Not surprisingly，the money-saving strategies improved people's financial satisfaction too.“It gives you peace of mind，” Dr Helm says.“If you're able to put something aside for worse days, and manage to live within your means，it has clear positive effects on mental health.”
Certain sustainability efforts also have a similar impact on people's health and happiness.For example，researchers found that the students who consumed less to help the environment were happier than those who simply bought more “green” products.Although many people have been socialized to see products as solutions，simply reducing the number of things you use or buy might be the better tactic for your mental health, Dr Helm explains.
“It's normal to get a product to cope with all sorts of things，” Dr Helm says，“but that contributes to climate change.” Luckily，there are concrete tips to “step back from the consumerist approach”，she adds.For example，she suggests keeping a weekly purchase diary and creating a shopping list.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究结果表明，采用积极财务策略以调整自己购买习惯的“千禧一代”，不仅能更合理地规划自己的财务支出，而且收获了个人身心健康等方面的益处。
√
1．How was the study conducted
A．By making a comparison between finance strategies.
B．By keeping track of participants to collect their data.
C．By conducting a detailed survey about mental health.
D．By asking and answering questions about materialism.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可知，研究者一直在追踪同一批受试者，通过询问、调查等具体方式收集数据。
√
2．Which one of the following statements will Sabrina Helm agree with
A．Consuming less cures people of depressive symptoms.
B．Mentally healthier people buy more and consume less.
C．Saving money prevents people from psychological disorder.
D．One's financial strategies relatively affect overall well-being.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中Sabrina Helm所说的话可知，存钱的人总体上会更幸福，消费很少、节约钱的人在身心方面相对会更健康。由此推知，Sabrina Helm会赞成“一个人的财务策略相对来说会影响整体幸福感”这一说法。
√
3．What does the underlined word “tactic” in paragraph 5 mean
A．Influence. B．Attitude.
C．Strategy. D．Consumption.
解析：词义猜测题。根据第五段画线词所在句中的“solutions(解决方法)”和“reducing the number of things you use or buy (减少使用或购买物品的数量)”可知，tactic应为“方法，策略”之意。
√
4．Which is the best title for the text
A．How Can You Keep Mentally Healthy
B．Saving Money Improves Financial Satisfaction
C．Millennials Who Buy Less and Save More Are Happier
D．Consumers' Shopping Habits Contribute to Climate Change
解析：标题归纳题。由文章第一段内容并结合全文可得出，本文主要讲的是千禧一代遵循预算，多存钱少购物提升了他们的生活幸福感和满意度。
Ⅱ.完形填空
When Shelby Lattimore, a math and science teacher, saw her third graders weren't attending class, she found a fun way to change that. The 25-year-old teacher started her class 5 to encourage them not only to 6 but to get excited about learning.
In the class, students can choose from a variety of “ 7 ”， from being a door holder to being a cleanup crew. They get “paid” every two weeks and the 8 they get depends on which job they take on. The money is not real but play money spent on a homework pass, a seat change, and so on.
Each month, Lattimore's students also have to pay “rent” for their class desk and chair. To keep things interesting, Lattimore also introduced a new 9 to her current class. At the beginning of the school year, she 10 students $5 and then once the new year hit, the ___ increased to $7. “So that was kind of an 12 that they had to make，” she said.
11
Students can buy rewards once a month. The reward 13 low, medium and high price ranges, with $2 candy being the cheapest option to a more 14 $5 “lunch with Ms L” reward. Students can also ___ until they have enough money for the most expensive reward, for example, being the teacher for $30.
15
Today, Lattimore has seen how much they've learned about various ___ from budgeting and saving to reading a receipt and 17 change. She has also heard from students' families, who are 18 of this idea because their kids are learning something they never learned at this age. “That's really the goal here, to not just 19 them this year, but to keep it going，” she added.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Shelby Lattimore采用一种创新的方法来激励她的三年级学生提高出勤率和学习热情。
16
√
5．A.report B．economy
C．interaction D．survey
解析：根据下一段“They get ‘paid’ every two weeks”可知，这个老师开创的是班级经济。
√
6．A.get through B．take over
C．set out D．show up
解析：根据上文“saw her third graders weren't attending class”可知，她班上学生不太爱来上课，所以她想这个方法是为了让这些学生来上课，因此空格处是“出勤”。
√
7．A.tools B．areas
C．jobs D．parts
解析：根据下文“from being a door holder to being a cleanup crew”可知，学生可以选择各种各样的工作。
√
8．A.amount B．outcome
C．position D．honour
解析：根据上文“They get ‘paid’ every two weeks”和下文“they get ...take on”可知，他们会得到报酬，得到的报酬的数量取决于他们所从事的工作。
√
9．A.term B．test
C．choice D．idea
解析：根据下文“At the beginning of the school year, she ______ students $5 and then once the new year hit, the _____ increased to $7”可知，她引入了一个新的想法。
√
10．A.awarded B．charged
C．returned D．refused
解析：根据上文“students also have to pay ‘rent’ for their class desk and chair”和下文“students $5”可知，学生必须为他们的课桌和椅子支付“租金”，因此此处指她收学生5美元，空格处意为“收费”。
√
11．A.bonus B．fine
C．rent D．income
解析：根据上文“students also have to pay ‘rent’ for their class desk and chair”可知，学生必须为他们的课桌和椅子支付“租金”，因此此处是说“新年一到，租金就涨到7美元”。
√
12．A.appearance B．exception
C．adjustment D．impression
解析：根据上文“At the beginning of the school year, she _______ students $5 and then once the new year hit, the _______ increased to $7”可知，学年开始时，她收学生5美元，新年一到，租金就涨到7美元，这是学生们必须做的一种调整。
√
13．A.covers B．reveals
C．follows D．combines
解析：根据下文“low, medium and high price ranges”可知，奖励包括低、中、高价。
√
14．A.general B．expensive
C．suitable D．tasty
解析：根据下文“$5”可知，5美元的“与L女士共进午餐”奖励比2美元的糖果奖励贵。
√
15．A.save up B．settle down
C．go around D．move on
解析：根据下文“until they have enough money for the most expensive reward”可知，学生也可以攒钱，直到有足够的钱来获得最昂贵的奖励。
√
16．A.opinions B．roles
C．comments D．skills
解析：根据下文“from budgeting and saving to reading a receipt”可知，做预算、储蓄和阅读收据这些都是一些技能。
√
17．A.sharing B．donating
C．carrying D．counting
解析：根据下文“change”可知，此处表示数零钱。
√
18．A.careful B．supportive
C．tolerant D．aware
解析：根据下文“their kids are learning something they never learned at this age”可知，他们的孩子学到了他们在这个年龄段从未学过的东西，因此家长当然会支持这个想法。
√
19．A.accept B．praise
C．impact D．bless
解析：根据上文“their kids are learning something they never learned at this age”和下文“them this year, but to keep it going”可知，老师的意思是不仅要在今年影响他们，还要让这种影响继续下去。
Ⅲ.语法填空
Born in 1946 in New York, Claudia Goldin, professor at Harvard University, 1 (award) the Nobel Prize in Economics for her work on women in the labor market in October, 2023.She found that women generally receive a 2 (low) pay than men.She looked at over 200 years of US data, 3 showed that much of the gender pay gap could ____ (historic) be explained by differences in education and jobs.
4
Female participation in the labor market follows 5 U-shaped form over the whole period, and the participation of 6 (marry) women decreased when society changed from farming to industry in the early 19th century, but then started to increase with the 7 (grow) of the service industry in the early 20th century, her research has shown.
“It is obvious that understanding women's role in the labor market is important for society.Thanks to Goldin's research, we are now equipped 8 a deeper understanding of the factors contributing to the gender pay gap 9 which challenges may need 10 (address) in the future，” Jakob Svensson, chair of the Committee for the Prize in Economic Sciences, said in a statement.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。Claudia Goldin因研究女性劳动力市场而获得2023年诺贝尔经济学奖。她的研究揭示了女性劳动参与的历史趋势，对未来挑战提供了洞察。
1．was awarded 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“in October, 2023”可知，应用一般过去时；主语Claudia Goldin与动词award之间是被动关系，且主语Claudia Goldin为单数意义，故填was awarded。
2．lower 考查比较级。根据“than”可知，此处应用比较级，故填lower。
3．which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词over ...data，在从句中作主语，指物，故填which。
4．historically 考查副词。修饰动词“be explained”应用副词作状语，故填historically。
5．a 考查冠词。form为可数名词，U-shaped是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，故填a。
6．married 考查形容词。修饰women应用形容词作定语，故填married。
7．growth 考查名词。根据空前的“the”和空后的“of”可知，此处应用名词，故填growth。
8．with 考查介词。be equipped with意为“配备有……，装有……”。
9．and 考查连词。分析句子结构可知，“the factors contributing to the gender pay gap”和“which challenges may need ______ (address) in the future”为并列关系，故填and。
10．addressing/to be addressed 考查非谓语动词。challenges与address(解决)之间是被动关系，且动词need后可接“doing”表示被动意义，故填addressing/to be addressed。12 / 12
Section Ⅲ Using language
语法项目——复习定语从句
初识语法——在美文运用中体悟
背美文 Isaac Asimov was an American scientist and writer who wrote around 500 books① that/which included mystery stories, science and history books, and even books about Shakespeare②.But his best known work was his science fiction stories.Asimov had both an extraordinary imagination that/which gave him the ability to explore future worlds③ and an amazing mind with which he searched for explanations of everything in the present and the past④.Asimov's life began in Russia, where he was born⑤ on 2nd January, 1920.It ended in New York on 6th April, 1992, when he died⑥ as a result of an HIV infection that/which he had got from a blood transfusion nine years earlier⑦.
悟语法 句①是关系代词who引导的定语从句，修饰指人的先行词an American scientist and writer；句②是关系代词that/which 引导的定语从句，修饰指物的先行词around 500 books；句③是关系代词that/which 引导的定语从句，修饰指物的先行词an extraordinary imagination；句④是“介词＋关系代词which”引导的定语从句，修饰指物的先行词an amazing mind; 句⑤是关系副词where引导的定语从句，where在从句中作地点状语；句⑥是关系副词when引导的定语从句，when在从句中作时间状语；句⑦是关系代词that/which 引导的定语从句，修饰指物的先行词an HIV infection。
慧学语法——在归纳演绎中学通
定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个成分。定语从句分为限制性和非限制性从句(与主句之间用逗号隔开)两种。定语从句的基本结构为：先行词＋关系代词或关系副词＋从句。关系词有三大作用：指代先行词；引导定语从句；在从句中充当句子成分。
一、关系代词的用法
1．关系代词的基本用法
关系代词 先行词 句法功能
who 人 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语
whom 人 宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)
whose (＝of whom/of which) 人或物 定语
that 人或物 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语
which 物 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)
as 人或物 主语、宾语
2．五种只用that而不用which的情况
(1)先行词是不定代词all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等或者先行词被不定代词所修饰时；
Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself？你有什么要为自己说的吗？
(2)先行词被序数词、形容词最高级或the only, the very (恰恰，正好), the last等修饰时；
This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen.
这是我看过的最激动人心的足球比赛之一。
This is the only thing that we can do now.
这是我们现在唯一能做的事情。
(3)先行词既有人又有物时；
The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all.
你告诉我的那位科学家和他所取得的成就为我们所有人所钦佩。
(4)当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词在从句中也作表语时；
Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.
上海不再是过去的那座城市了。
(5)当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。
Who is the person that is standing at the gate
站在门口的那个人是谁？
3．which与as引导非限制性定语从句时的3点区别
which as
位置 只能放在主句的后面 位置灵活，可位于句首、句中，也可置于句末
搭配 无动词的限制 从句谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如see, hear, know, expect, remember等
意思 意为“这一点” 表示“正如……，正像……的那样”
[对点练]
(1)单句语法填空
①(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route __________ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England.
②(2023·全国甲卷)Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, __________ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”．
③(2023·全国乙卷)But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place __________ welcomes the fast paced development of modern life, with 21st century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
④(2022·全国甲卷)On the 1,100 kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, __________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces.
⑤(2021·浙江1月高考)BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool __________ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.
⑥(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Rome can be pricey for travelers, __________ is why many choose to stay in a hostel (旅社)．
(2)完成句子
⑦First, ____________________________________________ — the Forest Park is not far away from the center of the city.首先，我们决定去参观的地方——森林公园离市中心并不远。
⑧From this experience I have learnt that questioning can serve as a bridge ______________________________.我从这次经历中学到：质疑可以成为帮助我们寻求真理的桥梁。
⑨This is the very book ______________________________.这正是我在找的那本书。
⑩Those ____________________________ could hardly believe what had happened.
那些在洪水中幸存下来的人很难相信所发生的事情。
二、关系副词的用法
关系副词 先行词 语法功能 转换为“介词＋关系代词”
when 表示时间的名词：time, day, year等 作时间状语 ＝at/in/on/
during which
where 表示场所的名词：park, place, country, house等 作地点状语 ＝in/at/to/ on which
why 表示理由或原因的名词：reason 作原因状语 ＝for which
We live in an age when more information is available with greater ease than ever before.
我们生活在一个比以前更容易获得更多信息的时代。
Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other.
古代中国是各诸侯国之间经常发生战争的地方。
[名师点津] 当先行词为situation, case, stage, point等表示抽象意义的词，且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，用关系副词where。
He has reached the point where a change is needed.他已到了需要改变的地步了。
[对点练] (单句语法填空)
①(2023·全国甲卷)“There was once a town in the heart of America __________ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co existence with its surroundings，” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age old fables.
②(2021·全国甲卷)Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, __________ the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing.
③(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)My life as a tax paying employed person began in middle school, __________， for three whole days, I worked in a baking factory.
④Some university students carried out a campaign __________ they spent their whole day without cellphones.
⑤ ... China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot __________ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
⑥Mr Smith owned this oil painting until the early 1990s, ____________ he gave it to his grandson.
三、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
构成 句法功能 用法指津
the＋名词＋of＋关系代词 主语 可转化为“whose＋名词”结构
数词(形容词最高级)＋of＋关系代词 主语 数词还可以被some, many, most, each等不定代词替换
介词(短语)＋关系代词 状语 关系代词只能用which或whom且不能省略，但可与关系副词互换
介词＋关系代词＋名词 状语 关系代词常用which和whose
介词＋where/when 状语 有时为了表达清楚，还可以在where/when前加介词from或to
Recently, I bought an ancient vase, the price of which was very reasonable.
最近，我买了一个古代花瓶，它的价格很合理。
He has ten cousins，the youngest of whom is very clever.他有十个表兄弟，最小的那个很聪明。
We are looking for the person to whom the book belongs.我们正在寻找这本书的主人。
Lily might possibly come, in which case I'll ask her.莉莉可能会来，要是那样的话我就去问她。
There is a big window in my room, from where I can see the railway station.
我的房间有一个大窗户，透过它我可以看到火车站。
[对点练] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
①Professor Smith, for __________ work matters most, is devoted to his research work.
②Many lessons are now available online, __________ which students can choose for free.
③She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction __________ which had taken more than three years.
④Reading has a lot of advantages, ________________________________________.读书有很多益处，其中之一是它有助于你培养阅读技巧。
⑤The teachers of our school, ______________________， have devoted themselves to the cause of education.我们学校里的老师，大多数都是三十多岁，把他们的一切都奉献给了教育事业。
活用语法——在针对训练中提能
Ⅰ.用恰当的关系词填空
1．This is the longest train __________ I have ever seen.
2．Kate, __________ sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.
3．Data shows that kids and teens __________ do read frequently, compared to infrequent readers, have more books in the home.
4．In 1963, the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of __________ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.
5．Bamboo grows well in the place __________ it is warm and wet all the year.
6．John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of __________ are family members.
7．The reason __________ I won't be available at that time is that my grandfather fell ill suddenly yesterday and I will have to stay with him that day.
8．Tom's best memory is of last year, __________ the club gave a dancing party for his birthday.
Ⅱ.用恰当的关系词完成下面短文
There was a time ①__________ I was tired of learning English and disliked speaking English.And this was the reason ②__________ my father forced me to join in a 30 day training in an English club before I went to senior high school.When I first came to the club, ③__________ I met many strangers, I missed my parents very much.So I packed up my things and wanted to go home.Fortunately, my guide, ④__________ teacher was a famous professor, communicated with me face to face, from ⑤__________ I gained some useful instructions.He also introduced me to a good partner, and we got along well with each other.Gradually I adapted to the life there.Every day I would like to talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities ⑥__________ we did.I should be grateful to my father and the guide, ⑦__________ encouraged me to fall in love with English.Now I feel it interesting to learn English, into ⑧__________ I put my entire energy.Every day I read English words and passages aloud.In class I join in English discussions.Before I go to sleep, I go over the passages, through ⑨__________ I can memorize a large number of new words.⑩__________ our English teacher says, “As long as you form the habit of learning English every day and stick to it, you will conquer English sooner or later.”
教材听力“三关过”
一、过词汇关——词块互译
1．______________ 首先；作为开始
2．_______________ 登记；报到
3．______________ (以某种方式)发生；结果是
4．in good condition ______________
5．without delay ______________
6．at a lower cost ______________
二、过泛听关——听教材录音选最佳答案
1．Where did he live when Sherry was in Hangzhou？( )
A．A fantastic hotel.
B．Wang Lin's home.
C．A university dormitory.
2．What do we know about the social credit record？( )
A．It started from 2010.
B．It is only connected with the loan from the bank.
C．It shows people how reliable and creditworthy you are.
3．Who is laolai？( )
A．People with criminal records.
B．People who can't be relied on to repay his loans.
C．People who borrow a lot of money from the bank.
三、过精听关——依据教材听力完成句子
1．Well, ______________，________________， they didn't make us pay a deposit!
2.It turned out that Wang Lin ________________________________.
3．And ________________， you'd have lots of activities in your daily life that went onto your social credit record.
4.It sounds ________________________ has turned into money!
5.I saw on TV recently that a man was prohibited from renting an expensive car — ________________________________ he was a laolai!
强化训练“在平时”
一、听力仿真训练
Ⅰ.听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．Where is Jennifer working now？( )
A．In a college.
B．In a hospital.
C．In a drug store.
2．What is the probable relationship between the speakers？( )
A．Mother and son.
B．Business partners.
C．Boss and secretary.
3．How much will the man pay？( )
A．＄15. B．＄30. C．＄60.
4．Why won't the woman go to see a movie？( )
A．Because she is too busy.
B．Because she doesn't like movies.
C．Because she has no money for a movie.
5．What color dress will the woman buy？( )
A．Red. B．White. C．Purple.
Ⅱ.听下面2段对话。每段对话后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．How long has the man been away from Beijing？( )
A．About twelve months.
B．About sixteen months.
C．About eighteen months.
7．What's the relationship between the man and Lily？( )
A．Husband and wife.
B．Boss and secretary.
C．Father and daughter.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．What kind of flowers does the man order？( )
A．A dozen red carnations.
B．A dozen yellow carnations.
C．A dozen pink roses.
9．Where should the flowers be sent？( )
A．No.84, WM Street.
B．No.48, MW Road.
C．No.84, MW Street.
10．What does the man require the woman to do at last？( )
A．Call him to confirm the information.
B．Call his mother before delivering the flowers.
C．Help him write a letter.
二、口语交际训练
根据对话内容，从对话后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
M：Hello, Grace! That's a beautiful skirt you have on. __1__
W：To attend an interview.
M：__2__
W：My major is history, but I also have a good command of English.So I'll apply for a job as an English teacher.
M：Oh.__3__
W：Why You said my skirt was beautiful just now.
M：Yes, your skirt is really beautiful, but you are applying for a teaching position.You see, your skirt is very short.
W：__4__
M：Well, in my opinion, you shouldn't pay too much attention to your appearance.__5__ Your experience and knowledge will gain the appreciation of your interviewer.
A．Where are you going
B．Can you explain it in detail
C．You should look simple but elegant.
D．What kind of job are you applying for
E．That dress doesn't exactly match the job.
[答题区] 1～5 __________
|多积主题表达|
与“职业和选择”有关的表达：
1．seek a job as ... 找一份……的工作
2．get into the field of ... 进入……领域
3．be suitable for the position 适合这个职位
4．list your strengths and skill set 列出你自身的优势和技能
5．be intended to prepare us for ... 旨在使我们为……做好准备
6．inspire me to pursue ...as my career
激励我追求……作为我的职业
7．enable us to be financially independent
让我们能实现经济独立
8．allow us the opportunity to be engaged in
让我们有机会从事……
9．combine work with my interests and strengths
把自己的兴趣和长处与工作结合起来
10．It is no surprise that being one's own boss is appealing to many people.
做自己的老板对很多人都有吸引力，这并不奇怪。
11．The best preparation for good work tomorrow is to do good work today.
为明天做好工作的最好准备就是今天把工作做好。
12．If you don't build your dream, someone will hire you to help build theirs.
如果你不构建自己的梦想，别人会雇你去帮他们构建梦想。
13．A man who doesn't plan long ahead will find trouble at his door.
人无远虑，必有近忧。
14．The only limit to our realization of tomorrow will be our doubts of today.
实现明天理想的唯一障碍是今天的疑虑。
1．You will have to pay bills and handle budgets to make ends meet.
你将不得不支付账单和处理预算，使收支平衡。
★make ends meet使收支仅能相抵
[用法感知]
①Despite having two jobs, Jim can hardly make ends meet.
尽管打着两份工，吉姆几乎还是入不敷出。
②While I felt very nervous, many students gave me loud applause at the end of my speech.
虽然我感到很紧张，但在演讲结束时，许多学生给了我热烈的掌声。
[归纳点拨]
at an end 结束；终结
at the end of 在……末尾；在……尽头
by the end of 到……为止(常与完成时连用)
in the end 最后，终于(常与过去时连用)
come to an end 结束
(使)结束；终结
[应用融会] (完成句子)
③We had learned 2,000 English words ______________________.
到上个学期为止，我们已经学了2 000个英语单词。
④Human beings must __________________， or war will ____________________.
人类必须结束战争，否则战争就会毁灭人类。
⑤________________________， and the crowd soon cleared away from the football ground.
足球比赛结束了，人群很快就从足球场上散去了。
2．Avoid luxuries so that you don't go into debt. 避免奢侈品，这样你就不会负债。
★go into debt陷入债务之中，负债
[用法感知]
①Out of debt, out of danger.无债一身轻。
②It's much easier to get into debt than to get out of debt.负债容易还债难。
③After three years' hard work, I eventually paid off my debts.
经过三年的辛苦工作，我终于还清了债务。
[归纳点拨]
get into debt 负债
be in heavy debt＝be deep in debt 负债累累
put sb. in debt 使某人负债
be/get out of debt 不欠债
pay off (all) the debts 还清(所有)债务
owe sb.a debt 欠某人一笔债
[应用融会] (完成句子)
④What made him happy was that after all these years he at last ______________________.
使他高兴的是，多年之后他终于还清了所有的债务。
⑤Starting your own business could be a way to achieving financial independence. On the other hand, ________________________________________.
自己创业可能是实现经济独立的一种方法。但另一方面，它可能会让你置于债务之中。
Section Ⅲ
NO.1 语法专区
慧学语法
一、[对点练] ①which/that ②as ③which/that ④who
⑤that/which ⑥which
⑦the place (which/that) we've decided to visit
⑧that/which helps us to seek the truth
⑨that I am looking for ⑩who survived the floods
二、[对点练] ①where ②where ③when ④where ⑤where
⑥when
三、[对点练] ①whom ②from ③of
④one of which is that it helps you develop reading skills
⑤most of whom are in their thirties
活用语法
Ⅰ.1.that 2.whose 3.who 4.whose 5.where 6.whom 7.why 8.when
Ⅱ.①when ②why ③where ④whose ⑤which
⑥that/which/不填 ⑦who ⑧which ⑨which ⑩As
NO.2 听说专区
教材听力“三关过”
一、1.to start with 2.check in 3.turn out 4.状态良好
5．立即；毫不迟延地 6.以较低的成本
二、1～3 ACB
三、1.to start with; when we checked in 2.has a very good social credit record 3.living in a city 4.as if the social credit score
5．because the credit system showed
强化训练“在平时”
一、1～5 ACACC 6～10 BCACB
附：听力材料
(Text 1)
M：Where are you working now, Jennifer Still in the hospital
W：No, I left the hospital and I refused the job at a drug store.①I'm working as a teacher in a medical college now.
(Text 2)
M：②Ms Brown, can you tell me my arrangements today
W：At 9 o'clock, you have a meeting. And then you should have lunch with your business partner. Oh, you said you will buy a gift for your son today.
(Text 3)
M：How much are the toys
W：We are having a sale today. ③The original price is 10 dollars each, but now it only costs half the price.
M：③All right, I'll take three.
(Text 4)
M：Let's go to a movie.
W：④I can't. I barely have enough money for food. I'm broke until next week.
(Text 5)
W：Do you have this dress in other colors
M：Well, they come in white, red and purple.⑤Will a purple one do
W：⑤Yeah. That'll be nice. I'll take one.
(Text 6)
M：Hello, Mary. I can't wait to tell you — I'll be home this Sunday, September 30th! I'll take Flight TA337 from Dubai and will arrive in Beijing at about 6 pm.
W：Really That's wonderful news.
M：Well, ⑥it's been such a long time away from you and our daughter, from last June to this September. ⑦I miss you and our daughter every day.
W：We miss you too, John. ⑦I'll bring Lily to the airport and wait for you at the exit.
(Text 7)
W：Hello, Sunshine Flowers Shop. This is Sharon speaking.
M：This is Peter Hanks. I'd like to order some flowers for my mother and have them sent to her apartment.
W：Fine, Mr Hanks. What kind of flowers do you want
M：⑧I'd like to send a dozen red carnations.
W：A dozen red carnations Our long stem red carnations are selling for 12 pounds a dozen this week and they are really quite nice.
M：All right then. I'll take those.
W：I need your complete address, Mr Hanks.
M：⑨The address is No.84, MW Street. For the card, just write something simple. How about “Dear Mom, all my love, Tom.”？
W：Of course. OK, when should they arrive
M：They should be there before 5：00 in the afternoon on June, 17th.My mom's telephone number is 8456 086 363. ⑩Please call her first before you deliver them.
W：That should be no problem. Just one more question, Mr Hanks. How do you intend to pay for it
M：You can put it on my visa card. The number is KH3272645.
W：Got it. Bye.
M：Bye. Thanks.
二、1～5 ADEBC
NO.3 新知学习
1．③by the end of last term
④put an end to war; put an end to human beings
⑤The football match came to an end
2．④paid off all his debts ⑤it could just put you in debt1 / 4
UNIT 4 课时检测(三) Using language
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Millennials (千禧一代) who conduct “forward looking financial strategies” tend to be happier and more satisfied with their lives.Following a budget，saving money and shopping less have benefits “beyond the bound of personal finance”，according to a new study out of the University of Arizona.
For the study, researchers collected data from 968 young adults born between the years 1981 and 1996, starting when they were freshmen in college (ages 18－21)．They followed up with the same students when they were seniors, and then two years later (ages 23－26)．The study participants answered questions about materialism，their own personal finance strategies such as budgeting and any pro environmental habits they followed.Students were also surveyed about their mental health, including how satisfied they were with their lives and how they'd rank their personal well being.
“People who save money report better overall well being，including less psychological pain，”Sabrina Helm，study author tells CNBC Make It.“And people who buy less and consume less show less depressive symptoms，so there's a positive mental health effect.”
Not surprisingly，the money saving strategies improved people's financial satisfaction too.“It gives you peace of mind，” Dr Helm says.“If you're able to put something aside for worse days, and manage to live within your means，it has clear positive effects on mental health.”
Certain sustainability efforts also have a similar impact on people's health and happiness.For example，researchers found that the students who consumed less to help the environment were happier than those who simply bought more “green” products.Although many people have been socialized to see products as solutions，simply reducing the number of things you use or buy might be the better tactic for your mental health, Dr Helm explains.
“It's normal to get a product to cope with all sorts of things，” Dr Helm says，“but that contributes to climate change.” Luckily，there are concrete tips to “step back from the consumerist approach”，she adds.For example，she suggests keeping a weekly purchase diary and creating a shopping list.
1．How was the study conducted
A．By making a comparison between finance strategies.
B．By keeping track of participants to collect their data.
C．By conducting a detailed survey about mental health.
D．By asking and answering questions about materialism.
2．Which one of the following statements will Sabrina Helm agree with
A．Consuming less cures people of depressive symptoms.
B．Mentally healthier people buy more and consume less.
C．Saving money prevents people from psychological disorder.
D．One's financial strategies relatively affect overall well being.
3．What does the underlined word “tactic” in paragraph 5 mean
A．Influence. B．Attitude.
C．Strategy. D.Consumption.
4．Which is the best title for the text
A．How Can You Keep Mentally Healthy
B．Saving Money Improves Financial Satisfaction
C．Millennials Who Buy Less and Save More Are Happier
D．Consumers' Shopping Habits Contribute to Climate Change
Ⅱ.完形填空
When Shelby Lattimore, a math and science teacher, saw her third graders weren't attending class, she found a fun way to change that. The 25 year old teacher started her class __5__ to encourage them not only to __6__ but to get excited about learning.
In the class, students can choose from a variety of “__7__”， from being a door holder to being a cleanup crew. They get “paid” every two weeks and the __8__ they get depends on which job they take on. The money is not real but play money spent on a homework pass, a seat change, and so on.
Each month, Lattimore's students also have to pay “rent” for their class desk and chair. To keep things interesting, Lattimore also introduced a new __9__ to her current class. At the beginning of the school year, she __10__ students D|S5 and then once the new year hit, the __11__ increased to D|S7. “So that was kind of an __12__ that they had to make，” she said.
Students can buy rewards once a month. The reward __13__ low, medium and high price ranges, with D|S2 candy being the cheapest option to a more __14__ D|S5 “lunch with Ms L” reward. Students can also __15__ until they have enough money for the most expensive reward, for example, being the teacher for D|S30.
Today, Lattimore has seen how much they've learned about various __16__ from budgeting and saving to reading a receipt and __17__ change. She has also heard from students' families, who are __18__ of this idea because their kids are learning something they never learned at this age. “That's really the goal here, to not just __19__ them this year, but to keep it going，” she added.,5.A.report B.economy
C．interaction D.survey
6．A.get through B.take over
C．set out D.show up
7．A.tools B.areas
C．jobs D.parts
8．A.amount B.outcome
C．position D.honour
9．A.term B.test
C．choice D.idea
10．A.awarded B.charged
C．returned D.refused
11．A.bonus B.fine
C．rent D.income
12．A.appearance B.exception
C．adjustment D.impression
13．A.covers B.reveals
C．follows D.combines
14．A.general B.expensive
C．suitable D.tasty
15．A.save up B.settle down
C．go around D.move on
16．A.opinions B.roles
C．comments D.skills
17．A.sharing B.donating
C．carrying D.counting
18．A.careful B.supportive
C．tolerant D.aware
19．A.accept B.praise
C．impact D.bless
Ⅲ.语法填空
Born in 1946 in New York, Claudia Goldin, professor at Harvard University, __1__ (award) the Nobel Prize in Economics for her work on women in the labor market in October, 2023.She found that women generally receive a __2__ (low) pay than men.She looked at over 200 years of US data, __3__ showed that much of the gender pay gap could __4__ (historic) be explained by differences in education and jobs.
Female participation in the labor market follows __5__ U shaped form over the whole period, and the participation of __6__ (marry) women decreased when society changed from farming to industry in the early 19th century, but then started to increase with the __7__ (grow) of the service industry in the early 20th century, her research has shown.
“It is obvious that understanding women's role in the labor market is important for society.Thanks to Goldin's research, we are now equipped __8__ a deeper understanding of the factors contributing to the gender pay gap __9__ which challenges may need __10__ (address) in the future，” Jakob Svensson, chair of the Committee for the Prize in Economic Sciences, said in a statement.
UNIT 4 课时检测(三)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究结果表明，采用积极财务策略以调整自己购买习惯的“千禧一代”，不仅能更合理地规划自己的财务支出，而且收获了个人身心健康等方面的益处。
1．选B 推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可知，研究者一直在追踪同一批受试者，通过询问、调查等具体方式收集数据。
2．选D 推理判断题。根据第三段中Sabrina Helm所说的话可知，存钱的人总体上会更幸福，消费很少、节约钱的人在身心方面相对会更健康。由此推知，Sabrina Helm会赞成“一个人的财务策略相对来说会影响整体幸福感”这一说法。
3．选C 词义猜测题。根据第五段画线词所在句中的“solutions(解决方法)”和“reducing the number of things you use or buy (减少使用或购买物品的数量)”可知，tactic应为“方法，策略”之意。
4．选C 标题归纳题。由文章第一段内容并结合全文可得出，本文主要讲的是千禧一代遵循预算，多存钱少购物提升了他们的生活幸福感和满意度。
Ⅱ.完形填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Shelby Lattimore采用一种创新的方法来激励她的三年级学生提高出勤率和学习热情。
5．选B 根据下一段“They get ‘paid’ every two weeks”可知，这个老师开创的是班级经济。
6．选D 根据上文“saw her third graders weren't attending class”可知，她班上学生不太爱来上课，所以她想这个方法是为了让这些学生来上课，因此空格处是“出勤”。
7．选C 根据下文“from being a door holder to being a cleanup crew”可知，学生可以选择各种各样的工作。
8．选A 根据上文“They get ‘paid’ every two weeks”和下文“they get ...take on”可知，他们会得到报酬，得到的报酬的数量取决于他们所从事的工作。
9．选D 根据下文“At the beginning of the school year, she ______ students D|S5 and then once the new year hit, the ________ increased to D|S7”可知，她引入了一个新的想法。
10．选B 根据上文“students also have to pay ‘rent’ for their class desk and chair”和下文“students D|S5”可知，学生必须为他们的课桌和椅子支付“租金”，因此此处指她收学生5美元，空格处意为“收费”。
11．选C 根据上文“students also have to pay ‘rent’ for their class desk and chair”可知，学生必须为他们的课桌和椅子支付“租金”，因此此处是说“新年一到，租金就涨到7美元”。
12．选C 根据上文“At the beginning of the school year, she ______ students D|S5 and then once the new year hit, the ______ increased to D|S7”可知，学年开始时，她收学生5美元，新年一到，租金就涨到7美元，这是学生们必须做的一种调整。
13．选A 根据下文“low, medium and high price ranges”可知，奖励包括低、中、高价。
14．选B 根据下文“D|S5”可知，5美元的“与L女士共进午餐”奖励比2美元的糖果奖励贵。
15．选A 根据下文“until they have enough money for the most expensive reward”可知，学生也可以攒钱，直到有足够的钱来获得最昂贵的奖励。
16．选D 根据下文“from budgeting and saving to reading a receipt”可知，做预算、储蓄和阅读收据这些都是一些技能。
17．选D 根据下文“change”可知，此处表示数零钱。
18．选B 根据下文“their kids are learning something they never learned at this age”可知，他们的孩子学到了他们在这个年龄段从未学过的东西，因此家长当然会支持这个想法。
19．选C 根据上文“their kids are learning something they never learned at this age”和下文“them this year, but to keep it going”可知，老师的意思是不仅要在今年影响他们，还要让这种影响继续下去。
Ⅲ.语法填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。Claudia Goldin因研究女性劳动力市场而获得2023年诺贝尔经济学奖。她的研究揭示了女性劳动参与的历史趋势，对未来挑战提供了洞察。
1．was awarded 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“in October, 2023”可知，应用一般过去时；主语Claudia Goldin与动词award之间是被动关系，且主语Claudia Goldin为单数意义，故填was awarded。
2．lower 考查比较级。根据“than”可知，此处应用比较级，故填lower。
3．which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词over ...data，在从句中作主语，指物，故填which。
4．historically 考查副词。修饰动词“be explained”应用副词作状语，故填historically。
5．a 考查冠词。form为可数名词，U shaped是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，故填a。
6．married 考查形容词。修饰women应用形容词作定语，故填married。
7．growth 考查名词。根据空前的“the”和空后的“of”可知，此处应用名词，故填growth。
8．with 考查介词。be equipped with意为“配备有……，装有……”。
9．and 考查连词。分析句子结构可知，“the factors contributing to the gender pay gap”和“which challenges may need ________(address) in the future”为并列关系，故填and。
10．addressing/to be addressed 考查非谓语动词。challenges与address(解决)之间是被动关系，且动词need后可接“doing”表示被动意义，故填addressing/to be addressed。
