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Section Ⅳ “Developing ideas”的课文习读环节
文意整体把握
Ⅰ.理清文脉结构
Ⅱ.把握主旨大意
1．What's the main idea of the text？( )
A．There are millions of shipwrecks lying under waters.
B．Human's exploration deep into the sea.
C．The tough environment of the sea bed.
D．Some new discoveries made by the scientists in the deep sea.
2．Match the main idea with each paragraph.
Para.1 A．The amazing biologicaldiscoveries.
Para.2 B．Introduction to the topic.
Para.3 C．Humankind is entering a new age of oceanic discovery.
Para.4 D.The ruins of Neápolis.
Para.5 E．The discovery of natural resources in the oceans.
文意深度理解
(一)阅读理解
1．About what time did the Esmeralda set sail？( )
A．In 1920. B．In 1520.
C．In 1820. D.In 1620.
2．What caused the ancient Roman city of Neápolis to be buried underwater according to the text？( )
A．A terrible earthquake.
B．A volcanic eruption.
C．A tsunami.
D．A hurricane.
3．What challenges must scientists overcome if they dive deep into the sea？( )
A．The high pressure of the water.
B．The darkness under the water.
C．The extreme cold under the sea.
D．All of the above.
4．Which of the achievements makes China one of the world's top ocean explorers？( )
A．The discovery of “fire ice”．
B．The discovery of the ruins of Neápolis.
C．The discovery of the Esmeralda.
D．China's vessel, Jiaolong, holds the record for the deepest dive by a manned submarine.
5．What can be inferred from the last paragraph？( )
A．The depths of the ocean are within the range of human exploration.
B．It is better for a country to explore the ocean alone.
C．Ocean exploration requires international cooperation.
D．Man has become familiar with the underwater world.
(二)阅读表达
1．What do you think drives the exploration of the oceans
2．As a middle school student, what do you think of the role of the ocean
|阅|读|技|能|提|升|
本文的语篇类型为说明文。文章为“总—分—总”结构，课文描述了人类进行深海探索时的各种发现，介绍了深海蕴藏的丰富资源，并在尾段部分呼吁人类通过国际合作共同进行深海探秘。阅读时应首先关注文章首段和尾段，快速提取文本传递的关键信息，从而快速了解文章的主旨大意。
(一)赏用词之妙
1．Today, some 500 years after the Esmeralda set sail, there is little — if any — land on our planet left unexplored.
赏析：本句中的 little与if any相搭配，强调了我们星球上尚未被探索的土地已是少之又少。
2．However, we are only beginning to overcome the challenges of pressure, darkness and extreme cold at vast depths.
赏析：darkness and extreme cold描写了海洋深处的极端环境，与前面的challenges相呼应。此外，vast 一词写出了海洋的广袤无垠。
3．Being a tough environment of complete darkness, enormous pressure and intense cold, the ocean depths have long been beyond the reach of human exploration.
赏析：本句中的 complete, enormous, intense以及beyond the reach of写出了深海区域环境的恶劣，超出了人类探索所能企及的范围。
[仿写训练|完成句子]
①Scientists have found ____________________， ___________________， of life on other planets.
科学家们几乎没有发现其他星球上有生命的证据。
②________________________________， I would rather fail than give up.
尽管面临巨大的挑战，但我宁愿失败也不愿放弃。
(二)赏句式之高
In these waters, more than 200 metres deep, where light cannot reach, are extraordinary creatures that appear as if they are straight out of science fiction.
赏析：本句中使用了介词短语置于句首引起的倒装结构，where引导的定语从句，that引导的定语从句及as if引导的方式状语从句，既增加了句式的层次性，彰显了多样化表达，又将各种细节交代得详尽、具体。
[仿写训练|完成句子]
(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)My teacher handed me an award cup, and then ________________________________________________________________________.
我的老师递给我一个奖杯，然后传来了雷鸣般的掌声。
(三)赏修辞之功
1．The remaining streets and buildings offer a window into a fascinating period in our history.
赏析：此处运用了比喻的修辞手法，将奈阿波利斯废墟的残垣断壁比作探究过往历史的一个窗口，形象地说明了其存在的价值。
2．Fragments of the past lying deep beneath the oceans are still waiting to be discovered.
赏析：本句中使用了拟人的修辞手法，形象地说明了广袤的海洋深处散落着许多尚待发现的神秘之处。
Section Ⅳ
NO.1 精阅读
文意整体把握
Ⅰ.①the earliest wreck ②detailed maps ③discoveries
④was discovered ⑤up to ⑥natural resources ⑦entering
Ⅱ.1.B 2.Paras.1～5 BDAEC
文意深度理解
(一)1～5 BCDDC
(二)1.In my opinion, it's human's curiosity and desire for unknown knowledge that drive the exploration of the oceans.
2．The ocean is very important to human beings. For example, it has a huge biological system, which produces a lot of oxygen for the earth. It is also the largest base of marine protein supply.
There are huge mineral resources and inexhaustible marine chemical and energy resources in the ocean, etc.
NO.2 美表达
(一)①little proof; if any ②In spite of enormous challenges
(二)came a roar of applause(共53张PPT)
Section Ⅳ
“Developing ideas”的课文习读环节
NO 1
精阅读/提升阅读“理解力”
NO 2
美表达/强化写作“基本功”
NO 3
课时跟踪检测
目 录
No.1 精阅读/提升阅读“理解力”
文意整体把握
Ⅰ.理清文脉结构
the earliest
wreck
detailed maps
discoveries
was discovered
up
to
natural resources
entering
Ⅱ.把握主旨大意
1．What's the main idea of the text
A．There are millions of shipwrecks lying under waters.
B．Human's exploration deep into the sea.
C．The tough environment of the sea bed.
D．Some new discoveries made by the scientists in the deep sea.
√
2．Match the main idea with each paragraph.
Para.1 A．The amazing biological discoveries.
Para.2 B．Introduction to the topic.
Para.3 C．Humankind is entering a new age of oceanic discovery.
Para.4 D．The ruins of Neápolis.
Para.5 E．The discovery of natural resources in the oceans.
答案：Paras.1～5 BDAEC
(一)阅读理解
1．About what time did the Esmeralda set sail
A．In 1920. B．In 1520.
C．In 1820. D．In 1620.
文意深度理解
√
2．What caused the ancient Roman city of Neápolis to be buried underwater according to the text
A．A terrible earthquake.
B．A volcanic eruption.
C．A tsunami.
D．A hurricane.
√
3．What challenges must scientists overcome if they dive deep into the sea
A．The high pressure of the water.
B．The darkness under the water.
C．The extreme cold under the sea.
D．All of the above.
√
4．Which of the achievements makes China one of the world's top ocean explorers
A．The discovery of “fire ice”．
B．The discovery of the ruins of Neápolis.
C．The discovery of the Esmeralda.
D．China's vessel, Jiaolong, holds the record for the deepest dive by a manned submarine.
√
5．What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A．The depths of the ocean are within the range of human exploration.
B．It is better for a country to explore the ocean alone.
C．Ocean exploration requires international cooperation.
D．Man has become familiar with the underwater world.
√
(二)阅读表达
1．What do you think drives the exploration of the oceans
In my opinion, it's human's curiosity and desire for unknown knowledge that drive the exploration of the oceans.
2．As a middle school student, what do you think of the role of the ocean
The ocean is very important to human beings. For example, it has a huge biological system, which produces a lot of oxygen for the earth. It is also the largest base of marine protein supply.
There are huge mineral resources and inexhaustible marine chemical and energy resources in the ocean, etc.
阅读技能提升
本文的语篇类型为说明文。文章为“总—分—总”结构，课文描述了人类进行深海探索时的各种发现，介绍了深海蕴藏的丰富资源，并在尾段部分呼吁人类通过国际合作共同进行深海探秘。阅读时应首先关注文章首段和尾段，快速提取文本传递的关键信息，从而快速了解文章的主旨大意。
No.2 美表达/强化写作“基本功”
(一)赏用词之妙
1．Today, some 500 years after the Esmeralda set sail, there is little — if any — land on our planet left unexplored.
赏析：本句中的 little与if any相搭配，强调了我们星球上尚未被探索的土地已是少之又少。
2．However, we are only beginning to overcome the challenges of pressure, darkness and extreme cold at vast depths.
赏析：darkness and extreme cold描写了海洋深处的极端环境，与前面的challenges相呼应。此外，vast 一词写出了海洋的广袤无垠。
3．Being a tough environment of complete darkness, enormous pressure and intense cold, the ocean depths have long been beyond the reach of human exploration.
赏析：本句中的 complete, enormous, intense以及beyond the reach of写出了深海区域环境的恶劣，超出了人类探索所能企及的范围。
仿写训练/完成句子
①Scientists have found___________,________, of life on other planets.
科学家们几乎没有发现其他星球上有生命的证据。
②_____________________________, I would rather fail than give up.
尽管面临巨大的挑战，但我宁愿失败也不愿放弃。
little proof
if any
In spite of enormous challenges
(二)赏句式之高
In these waters, more than 200 metres deep, where light cannot reach, are extraordinary creatures that appear as if they are straight out of science fiction.
赏析：本句中使用了介词短语置于句首引起的倒装结构，where引导的定语从句，that引导的定语从句及as if引导的方式状语从句，既增加了句式的层次性，彰显了多样化表达，又将各种细节交代得详尽、具体。
仿写训练/完成句子
(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)My teacher handed me an award cup, and then_______________________.
我的老师递给我一个奖杯，然后传来了雷鸣般的掌声。
came a roar of applause
(三)赏修辞之功
1．The remaining streets and buildings offer a window into a fascinating period in our history.
赏析：此处运用了比喻的修辞手法，将奈阿波利斯废墟的残垣断壁比作探究过往历史的一个窗口，形象地说明了其存在的价值。
2．Fragments of the past lying deep beneath the oceans are still waiting to be discovered.
赏析：本句中使用了拟人的修辞手法，形象地说明了广袤的海洋深处散落着许多尚待发现的神秘之处。
No.3 课时跟踪检测
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Scientists looking to uncover the mysteries of the underwater world have more valuable information thanks to an international team that has produced a list of species confirmed or expected to produce sound underwater.
Led by Audrey Looby from the University of Florida, the Global Library of Underwater Biological Sounds working group collaborated with the World Register of Marine Species to document 729 mammals (哺乳动物), fishes, and invertebrates (无脊椎动物) that produce active or passive sounds. In addition, the list includes another 21,911 species that are considered to likely produce sounds.
“With more than 70% of the Earth's surface covered by water, most of the planet's habitats are aquatic, and there is a misconception that most aquatic organisms are silent. The newly published comprehensive digital database on what animals are known to make sounds is the first of its kind and can revolutionize marine and aquatic science，” the researchers said.
“Listening to underwater sounds can reveal a lot of information about the species that produce them and is useful for a variety of applications, ranging from fisheries management, invasive species detection to assessing human environmental impacts，” said Looby, who also co-created FishSounds, which offers a collection of fish sound production research records.
The team's research was published in Scientific Data and involved 19 authors from six countries. “Understanding how marine species interact with their environments is of global importance, and this data being freely available is a major step toward that goal，” said Kieran Cox, a member of the research team.
“Most people are familiar with whale or dolphin sounds but are often surprised to learn that many fishes and invertebrates use sounds to communicate, too，” Looby said. “Our database helps demonstrate how widespread underwater sound production really is across a variety of animals, but we still have a lot to learn.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。科学家创建了水下生物声音数据库，以推动海洋科学研究，揭开水下世界的奥秘。
1．What does the underlined word “aquatic” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Outdoor. B．Over-crowded.
C．Well-protected. D．Underwater.
解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段首句可知，由于地球表面被水覆盖的范围超过70%，所以大多数栖息地都在水下，故画线单词表示“水下的”，与underwater意义相近。
√
2．What is people's misunderstanding according to the text
A．Most fishes can't make sounds.
B．Different species can communicate with each other.
C．Mammals can live in water.
D．Ocean animals can't get onto the land.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“With more than 70% of the Earth's surface covered by water, most of the planet's habitats are aquatic, and there is a misconception that most aquatic organisms are silent.”可知，人们的误解是大多数水生生物都是沉默的，即大多数鱼类不会发出声音。
3．What is the goal mentioned by Kieran Cox
A．To document ocean animals' sounds.
B．To set up a free database for scientists.
C．To learn how ocean animals communicate with their environments.
D．To publish the research in Scientific Data.
√
解析：推理判断题。根据第五段“Understanding how marine species interact with their environments is of global importance, and this data being freely available is a major step toward that goal”可知，Kieran Cox提到的他们的目标是了解海洋物种如何与环境交流。
4．What is the purpose of the text
A．To call on people to protect ocean animals.
B．To introduce the findings of a research team.
C．To list the animals that can produce sounds.
D．To uncover the mysterious underwater world.
√
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段及第三段“The newly published ... marine and aquatic science”等内容可知，本文主要介绍了科学家团队创建了水下生物声音数据库，以推动海洋科学研究，揭开水下世界的奥秘，所以文章的主要目的是介绍研究小组的新发现。
B
Discoveries at the famous Sanxingdui ruins in Southwest China show that the region's ancient Shu Kingdom civilization shared similarities with the Mayan civilization.
The Sanxingdui ruins belonged to the Shu Kingdom that existed at least 4,800 years ago and lasted more than 2,000 years, while the Mayan civilization built its city-states around 200 AD.
The bronze-made remains of trees unearthed at the ruins of the Shu Kingdom resemble the sacred ceiba tree, which symbolized the union of the world in the Mayan civilization.“It is a very important similarity，” says Santos，a Mexican archaeologist (考古学家), stressing that “The representations of trees in both cultures provide a symbolic significance that is very similar”．
The findings at the Sanxingdui ruins, considered one of the greatest archaeological discoveries of the 20th century, also show a new aspect of Bronze Age culture, indicating the ancient civilization already had technologies that were thought to have been developed much later.
While the time span between the Shu Kingdom and the Mayan culture is great, the findings highlight the closeness between the two civilizations.They developed in areas with comparable climates and reflected their worldview through related symbols.“In the end, man is still man, independent of time and space.What we have is that, at this latitude (纬度), both the Shu people and the Mayans looked at the same sky and had the same stars on the horizon，” the expert says.
One notable feature of the discoveries at Sanxingdui was the cross-subject work and technology applied by teams of Chinese archaeologists, which allowed the unearthing of artifacts as fragile as silk remains, which other types of less careful digging methods would not have been able to register.
Cooperation between Chinese and Mexican archaeologists could benefit projects in the Mayan world，where the rainy climate and humidity are problematic for the conservation of ruins.
“Every time our cultural knowledge increases, regardless of whether we speak one language or another, what it shows us is that we continue to be sister cultures and, therefore, the exchange of such knowledge is fundamental，” says Santos.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了我国三星堆遗址与玛雅文明的相似之处，同时强调了文化知识交流的重要性。
5．What is a similarity between the Shu Kingdom and the Mayan civilization
A．Their starting time.
B．Their historical origins.
C．Their cultural symbols.
D．Their ceremony traditions.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The representations of trees in both cultures provide a symbolic significance that is very similar”可知，古蜀国文明和玛雅文明中的树木的表现形式有着非常相似的象征意义。
6．The findings at the Sanxingdui ruins have proved that .
A．silk was a common clothing material then
B．some technologies were developed much earlier
C．the Bronze Age started earlier than previously assumed
D．the Shu Kingdom and the Mayan world had close contact
√
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，三星堆遗址显示了青铜时代已经有了被认为是很久以后才发展起来的技术，即一些技术其实在很早以前就发展起来了。
7．What is a common challenge for the conservation of both ruins
A．Damp weather.
B．Positioning of ruins.
C．High latitude.
D．Language barriers.
√
解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中的“They developed in areas with comparable climates”和倒数第二段内容可知，两处遗址是在气候相似的地区发展起来的，而玛雅的气候是多雨的和潮湿的。由此可推知，它们面临的共同挑战是潮湿的气候。
8．What is the focus of Santos' quote in the last paragraph
A．The future of the China-Mexico cooperation.
B．The benefits of speaking a different language.
C．The importance of the exchange of cultural knowledge.
D．The increasing sisterhood in culture between China and Mexico.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，引用Santos的话旨在强调文化知识交流的重要性。
√
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
The sea has always interested man. From it he can get food, minerals, and treasure. 9 But he could not go far beneath its surface.
10 However, he is not a fish. He must breathe air, so he can't stay under the water's surface for any length of time.To explore deep water, man faces even more dangers and problems.
A diver who wants to stay under water for more than a few minutes must breathe air or a special mixture of gases. 11 He can carry a tank of air on his back and breathe through a nose and a mouthpiece. Water weighs 800 times as much as air. Tons of water pushes against a diver deep in the sea. 12
When a diver is under great pressure, his blood takes in some of the gases he breathes. As he rises to surface, the water pressure becomes less. If the diver rises too quickly, the gases in his blood form bubbles (气泡). The diver is then suffering from the bends (减压病). The bends can cause a diver to double up in pain. 13
A．His body is under great pressure.
B．Scientists are trying to find more about the sea.
C．For thousands of years, he could sail on it.
D．They can even kill him.
E．He can wear a diving suit and have air pumped to him from above.
F．The water pressure can cause a diver to breathe with difficulty.
G．Man wants to explore deep into the sea.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。人类对大海向往已久，然而探索深海时，人类面临着很多的危险和困难。
9．选C 根据第一段内容可知，人类一直对大海感兴趣，人类可以从中获取食物、矿物质和财富。几千年来，人类能够在大海上航行，但是没法深入海底。
10．选G 根据上下文可知，人类想探索大海，但是人不是鱼，人需要呼吸空气，所以在海水下面待的时间不能太长。
11．选E 本段提到潜水者要想待在海水下面必须呼吸空气。潜水者可以穿潜水装备——这种装备可以把空气从海面上压入人体用于呼吸；可以背氧气罐，用于呼吸。
12．选A 根据上文可知，此处表示成吨的海水对人形成挤压，因此人体会处于海水的巨大压力之下。
13．选D 根据上文可知，此处表示如果人从深海中快速浮出水面会得减压病，它会引起巨大疼痛，甚至致命。1 / 4
UNIT 5 课时检测(四) “Developing ideas”的课文习读环节
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Scientists looking to uncover the mysteries of the underwater world have more valuable information thanks to an international team that has produced a list of species confirmed or expected to produce sound underwater.
Led by Audrey Looby from the University of Florida, the Global Library of Underwater Biological Sounds working group collaborated with the World Register of Marine Species to document 729 mammals (哺乳动物), fishes, and invertebrates (无脊椎动物) that produce active or passive sounds. In addition, the list includes another 21,911 species that are considered to likely produce sounds.
“With more than 70% of the Earth's surface covered by water, most of the planet's habitats are aquatic,_and there is a misconception that most aquatic organisms are silent. The newly published comprehensive digital database on what animals are known to make sounds is the first of its kind and can revolutionize marine and aquatic science，” the researchers said.
“Listening to underwater sounds can reveal a lot of information about the species that produce them and is useful for a variety of applications, ranging from fisheries management, invasive species detection to assessing human environmental impacts，” said Looby, who also co created FishSounds, which offers a collection of fish sound production research records.
The team's research was published in Scientific Data and involved 19 authors from six countries. “Understanding how marine species interact with their environments is of global importance, and this data being freely available is a major step toward that goal，” said Kieran Cox, a member of the research team.
“Most people are familiar with whale or dolphin sounds but are often surprised to learn that many fishes and invertebrates use sounds to communicate, too，” Looby said. “Our database helps demonstrate how widespread underwater sound production really is across a variety of animals, but we still have a lot to learn.”
1．What does the underlined word “aquatic” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Outdoor. B.Over crowded.
C．Well protected. D.Underwater.
2．What is people's misunderstanding according to the text
A．Most fishes can't make sounds.
B．Different species can communicate with each other.
C．Mammals can live in water.
D．Ocean animals can't get onto the land.
3．What is the goal mentioned by Kieran Cox
A．To document ocean animals' sounds.
B．To set up a free database for scientists.
C．To learn how ocean animals communicate with their environments.
D．To publish the research in Scientific Data.
4．What is the purpose of the text
A．To call on people to protect ocean animals.
B．To introduce the findings of a research team.
C．To list the animals that can produce sounds.
D．To uncover the mysterious underwater world.
B
Discoveries at the famous Sanxingdui ruins in Southwest China show that the region's ancient Shu Kingdom civilization shared similarities with the Mayan civilization.
The Sanxingdui ruins belonged to the Shu Kingdom that existed at least 4,800 years ago and lasted more than 2,000 years, while the Mayan civilization built its city states around 200 AD.
The bronze made remains of trees unearthed at the ruins of the Shu Kingdom resemble the sacred ceiba tree, which symbolized the union of the world in the Mayan civilization.“It is a very important similarity，” says Santos，a Mexican archaeologist (考古学家), stressing that “The representations of trees in both cultures provide a symbolic significance that is very similar”．
The findings at the Sanxingdui ruins, considered one of the greatest archaeological discoveries of the 20th century, also show a new aspect of Bronze Age culture, indicating the ancient civilization already had technologies that were thought to have been developed much later.
While the time span between the Shu Kingdom and the Mayan culture is great, the findings highlight the closeness between the two civilizations.They developed in areas with comparable climates and reflected their worldview through related symbols.“In the end, man is still man, independent of time and space.What we have is that, at this latitude (纬度), both the Shu people and the Mayans looked at the same sky and had the same stars on the horizon，” the expert says.
One notable feature of the discoveries at Sanxingdui was the cross subject work and technology applied by teams of Chinese archaeologists, which allowed the unearthing of artifacts as fragile as silk remains, which other types of less careful digging methods would not have been able to register.
Cooperation between Chinese and Mexican archaeologists could benefit projects in the Mayan world，where the rainy climate and humidity are problematic for the conservation of ruins.
“Every time our cultural knowledge increases, regardless of whether we speak one language or another, what it shows us is that we continue to be sister cultures and, therefore, the exchange of such knowledge is fundamental，” says Santos.
5．What is a similarity between the Shu Kingdom and the Mayan civilization
A．Their starting time.
B．Their historical origins.
C．Their cultural symbols.
D．Their ceremony traditions.
6．The findings at the Sanxingdui ruins have proved that ________.
A．silk was a common clothing material then
B．some technologies were developed much earlier
C．the Bronze Age started earlier than previously assumed
D．the Shu Kingdom and the Mayan world had close contact
7．What is a common challenge for the conservation of both ruins
A．Damp weather. B．Positioning of ruins.
C．High latitude. D.Language barriers.
8．What is the focus of Santos' quote in the last paragraph
A．The future of the China Mexico cooperation.
B．The benefits of speaking a different language.
C．The importance of the exchange of cultural knowledge.
D．The increasing sisterhood in culture between China and Mexico.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
The sea has always interested man. From it he can get food, minerals, and treasure. __9__ But he could not go far beneath its surface.
__10__ However, he is not a fish. He must breathe air, so he can't stay under the water's surface for any length of time.To explore deep water, man faces even more dangers and problems.
A diver who wants to stay under water for more than a few minutes must breathe air or a special mixture of gases. __11__ He can carry a tank of air on his back and breathe through a nose and a mouthpiece. Water weighs 800 times as much as air. Tons of water pushes against a diver deep in the sea. __12__
When a diver is under great pressure, his blood takes in some of the gases he breathes. As he rises to surface, the water pressure becomes less. If the diver rises too quickly, the gases in his blood form bubbles (气泡). The diver is then suffering from the bends (减压病). The bends can cause a diver to double up in pain. __13__
A．His body is under great pressure.
B．Scientists are trying to find more about the sea.
C．For thousands of years, he could sail on it.
D．They can even kill him.
E．He can wear a diving suit and have air pumped to him from above.
F．The water pressure can cause a diver to breathe with difficulty.
G．Man wants to explore deep into the sea.
UNIT 5 课时检测(四)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
[A]
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。科学家创建了水下生物声音数据库，以推动海洋科学研究，揭开水下世界的奥秘。
1．选D 词义猜测题。根据第三段首句可知，由于地球表面被水覆盖的范围超过70%，所以大多数栖息地都在水下，故画线单词表示“水下的”，与underwater意义相近。
2．选A 细节理解题。根据第三段“With more than 70% of the Earth's surface covered by water, most of the planet's habitats are aquatic,_and there is a misconception that most aquatic organisms are silent.”可知，人们的误解是大多数水生生物都是沉默的，即大多数鱼类不会发出声音。
3．选C 推理判断题。根据第五段“Understanding how marine species interact with their environments is of global importance, and this data being freely available is a major step toward that goal”可知，Kieran Cox提到的他们的目标是了解海洋物种如何与环境交流。
4．选B 推理判断题。根据第一段及第三段“The newly published ... marine and aquatic science”等内容可知，本文主要介绍了科学家团队创建了水下生物声音数据库，以推动海洋科学研究，揭开水下世界的奥秘，所以文章的主要目的是介绍研究小组的新发现。
[B]
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了我国三星堆遗址与玛雅文明的相似之处，同时强调了文化知识交流的重要性。
5．选C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The representations of trees in both cultures provide a symbolic significance that is very similar”可知，古蜀国文明和玛雅文明中的树木的表现形式有着非常相似的象征意义。
6．选B 推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，三星堆遗址显示了青铜时代已经有了被认为是很久以后才发展起来的技术，即一些技术其实在很早以前就发展起来了。
7．选A 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“They developed in areas with comparable climates”和倒数第二段内容可知，两处遗址是在气候相似的地区发展起来的，而玛雅的气候是多雨的和潮湿的。由此可推知，它们面临的共同挑战是潮湿的气候。
8．选C 细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，引用Santos的话旨在强调文化知识交流的重要性。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。人类对大海向往已久，然而探索深海时，人类面临着很多的危险和困难。
9．选C 根据第一段内容可知，人类一直对大海感兴趣，人类可以从中获取食物、矿物质和财富。几千年来，人类能够在大海上航行，但是没法深入海底。
10．选G 根据上下文可知，人类想探索大海，但是人不是鱼，人需要呼吸空气，所以在海水下面待的时间不能太长。
11．选E 本段提到潜水者要想待在海水下面必须呼吸空气。潜水者可以穿潜水装备——这种装备可以把空气从海面上压入人体用于呼吸；可以背氧气罐，用于呼吸。
12．选A 根据上文可知，此处表示成吨的海水对人形成挤压，因此人体会处于海水的巨大压力之下。
13．选D 根据上文可知，此处表示如果人从深海中快速浮出水面会得减压病，它会引起巨大疼痛，甚至致命。
