4_Unit 4 Friends forever单元精讲精练课件-外研版必修第一册

(共46张PPT)
词汇1　familiar adj.熟悉的
With no familiar faces in view...看不见熟悉的面孔……(教材P49)
情景导学
His face is very familiar to me, but I can't remember his name at the moment.他的脸我很熟悉,但
我这会儿记不起他的名字了。
As a special education teacher at the school, I was familiar with the challenges David faced and
was proud of his strong determination.作为学校的一名特殊教育老师,我熟知戴维面临的挑战,
并为他坚定的决心感到自豪。(2022新高考Ⅰ)
高频词汇精讲
高频词汇 情景破
用法归纳
①sb.+be familiar 　　　 sth.某人熟悉某物
②sth.+be familiar 　　　 sb.(=sth.+be known to sb.)某物为某人所熟悉/熟知
with
to
词汇2　prefer v.更喜欢
How do you prefer to make friends 你更喜欢怎样交朋友 (教材P50)
情景导学
I prefer you to spare some time to join us to do some voluntary work in the nursing home.我宁愿
你抽出一些时间和我们一起在养老院做一些志愿工作。 (写作·志愿服务)
Most of the old prefer Beijing Opera to pop music.比起流行音乐,大多数老年人更喜欢京
剧。
A new survey indicates that young people in China prefer making fresh food to buying prepared
food. 一项新的调查显示,中国的年轻人更喜欢制作新鲜的食物,而不是购买预制食品。
I prefer to play sports with friends rather than exercise by myself, so football is perfect for me! 我
更喜欢和朋友一起做运动而不是自己锻炼,所以足球对我来说正合适!
用法归纳
①prefer to do/doing sth.更喜欢做某事
②prefer sb. 　　　 sth.宁愿某人做某事
③prefer (doing) A 　　　 (doing) B　喜欢 A多于 B;宁愿做 A而不愿做 B
④prefer to do A rather than 　　　 B 宁愿做A 而不愿做B
特别提醒
prefer既不用于进行时态,也不与better、more等比较级连用。其过去式和过去分词形式均为:
preferred。
词汇拓展
preference n.偏爱;爱好;偏爱的事物;优先考虑
(a) preference for...喜好……,偏爱……
to do　
to
do
give preference to...优先考虑……
I hope you can give preference to my application and give me a chance to prove my ability.我
希望您能优先考虑我的申请,并给我一个机会证明我的能力。 (写作·申请信)
词汇3　advance n.进步,进展 v.前进;发展,进步 adj.预先的,提前的
Thanks to advances in technology, how we make friends and communicate with them has
changed significantly.多亏了技术的进步,我们结交朋友和与他们沟通的方式发生了明显的变
化。(教材 P50)
情景导学
But no matter when you travel, it's a good idea to make your reservations at least 90 days in ad-
vance.但无论你什么时候旅行,最好至少提前90天预订。 (2023浙江1月)
Students are asked to prepare learning materials in advance of each class.学生被要求在每节课
前准备学习材料。
I believe we will make further advances in the field of artificial intelligence.我相信我们将在人
工智能领域取得进一步的进展。 (写作·科技发展)
用法归纳
①make an advance/advances 　　　 ...在……有进步/发展
②　　　 advance (=ahead of time) 预先;提前
③in advance 　　　 在……(发生)之前
④advance across/through/towards...前进穿过……/向……前进
词汇拓展
advanced adj.高级的;先进的;(发展)晚期的,后期的
The advanced technology and unique culture presented at the opening ceremony have strength-
ened my national pride.开幕式上呈现的先进技术和独特文化增强了我的民族自豪感。 (写
作·活动介绍)
in
in
of
词汇4　tend v.易于做某事,往往会发生某事;照料,照管;趋向,倾向
On social media sites, people tend to post only positive updates that make them appear hap-
py and friendly.在社交媒体网站上,人们往往只发让他们看起来快乐、友善的正面的最新消
息。(教材 P52)
情景导学
I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures
and take photos along the way. 我往往和几个朋友一起去州立公园或乡村探险,沿途拍照。
(2023全国乙)
Personally, I tend to/towards the second plan, because it is much easier than the first one.就我个
人而言,我倾向于第二个计划,因为它比第一个容易得多。
It was my parents who tended (to) me day and night when I was ill, so I want to show my heart-
felt gratitude to them.我生病时,是我的父母日夜照顾我,所以我要向他们表示我衷心的感谢。
用法归纳
①tend 　　　 sth.往往做某事
②tend 　　　 ...倾向于……;有……的趋势;易于……
③tend (to) sb. 　　　
词汇拓展
tendency n.倾向;趋势
have a tendency to do sth.有做某事的趋势/倾向
there is a tendency (for sb.) to do sth.(某人)有做某事的趋势;(某人)倾向于做某事
to do
to/towards
照顾某人
词汇5　prove v.证明,证实
To prove that making friends was easier in the past.为了证明在过去交朋友更容易。(教材
P52)
情景导学
I can prove him (to be) suitable for this position.我能证明他是适合这一职位的。
He proved that it's not what happens to us that determines our lives.他证明了我们的生活不是由
发生在我们身上的事情决定的。 (2020江苏)
This festival, which was a feast for ears and eyes as well as minds, proved to be a great success.
这个节日是一场听觉、视觉和心灵的盛宴,证明是一次巨大的成功。 (写作·节日介绍)
Just give me a chance and I'll prove my ability to you.只要给我个机会,我就会向你证明我的能
力。 (写作·申请信)
用法归纳
①prove sb./sth./oneself (to be)+n./　　　 证明某人/某物/某人自己是……/……的
②prove　　　 ... 证明是……
③prove+　　　 从句 证明是……(引导词可省略)
④prove sth.　　　 sb. 向某人证明某事
⑤It is proved that... 据证明……
词汇拓展
proof n.证明;证据
There's (no) proof that...(没)有证据表明……
adj.
to be　
that
to
词汇6　inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的;启发灵感的
Her ideas are always inspiring.她的想法总是鼓舞人心的。(教材 P54)
情景导学
Her inspiring stories can encourage more young people to achieve their dreams.她鼓舞人心的事
迹可以鼓励更多的年轻人去实现他们的梦想。 (写作·有影响力的人)
词汇拓展
①inspired adj.品质优秀的;能力卓越的;借助于灵感创作的
②inspire v.鼓舞,激励;唤起;启发思考
inspire sb. to do sth.激励某人做某事
inspire sb. with...=inspire...in sb.使某人产生某种感情;激发某人的某种感情
Her selfless actions inspired the whole community to come together and help those in need. 她
的无私行为激励了整个社区团结起来,帮助那些需要帮助的人。
The initial success inspired them with greater enthusiasm.
→The initial success inspired greater enthusiasm in them.初步的成功激发了他们更大的热情。
③inspiration n.鼓舞;灵感;启发灵感的人(或事物)
Fine traditional Chinese culture can become an important source of inspiration for literary and
artistic innovation.中华优秀传统文化可以成为文艺创新的重要灵感源泉。 (China Daily)
④inspirational adj.启发灵感的;鼓舞人心的
词汇7　patience n.耐心;耐性;毅力
two drops of patience两滴耐心(教材 P55)
情景导学
Bob is a little slow in understanding, so we should have patience with him.鲍勃理解有点慢,所以
我们应该对他有耐心。
She gave me a comforting smile and nodded while listening with patience.她给了我一个安慰的
微笑,一边点头一边耐心地听着。(读后续写·动作描写)
Only those who have the patience to do simple things are able to do difficult things easily.只
有那些有耐性做简单事情的人,才能够轻而易举地去做困难的事。 (读后续写·主旨升华)
用法归纳
①have/lose patience 　　　 ...对……有/失去耐心
with
②　　　 patience耐心地
③have the patience 　　　 sth.有耐性/毅力做某事
词汇拓展
①patient adj.有耐心的 n.病人
be patient with sb.对某人有耐心
She is a very good teacher, who is always patient with her students.她是一名非常优秀的老师,
对学生总是很有耐心。 (读后续写·人物描写)
②patiently adv.耐心地
③impatient adj.没有耐心的
with
to do
词汇8　anxious adj.焦虑的,不安的;渴望的
the ability to wait without becoming anxious or angry等待时不会变得焦虑或愤怒的能力
(教材 P56)
情景导学
Parents are naturally anxious for their children.父母本能地为他们的孩子担心。
The people in every country are anxious for world peace.各国人民都渴望世界和平。
The drought has lasted several months and the local farmers are anxious about the harvest.干旱已
经持续了几个月,当地农民们担心收成。
He was anxious to get the result of his college application, keeping checking his email for an up-
date.他渴望得到大学申请结果,不断查看他的电子邮件以获得最新的消息。(读后续写·动作
描写)
用法归纳
①be anxious 　　　 sth.为某事担心/忧虑
②be anxious 　　　 sb.担心某人
③be anxious　　　 sth.渴望某事
④be anxious　　　 sth.渴望/急于做某事
词汇拓展
①anxiously adv.焦急地;忧虑地;渴望地
Wearing an old brown hat, Anne waited at the station anxiously, worrying nobody would ever
come for her at all.安妮戴着一顶棕色的旧帽子,在车站焦急地等候,担心根本没有人会来找
她。 (读后续写·心理描写)
②anxiety n.焦虑,忧虑;渴望
about
for
for
to do
with anxiety焦虑地
Full of anxiety, I felt like sitting on pins and needles.我焦虑不安,如坐针毡。 (读后续写·心
理描写)
词汇9　distance v.使与……保持距离,撇清和……的关系 n.距离,间距;间隔;远方;冷淡,疏远
...or use a past tense to distance yourself from the suggestion: I was wondering whether...…
…或者用过去时态来脱离你与这个建议的干系:我想知道是否……(教材 P57)
情景导学
Try to distance yourself from the people who always pour cold water on you.设法远离那些总是
给你泼冷水的人。
She watched her son disappear in the distance, with tears in her eyes.看着儿子消失在远方,她的
双眸满是泪水。 (读后续写·神态描写)
Seen at/from a distance, the picture looks more beautiful.从远处看,那幅画看起来更美。
Tom was a naughty boy and some children kept him at a distance.汤姆是个淘气的男孩,一些孩
子与他保持一定距离。
用法归纳
①distance sb./oneself 　　　 sb./sth.使某人疏远某人/某事,使某人和某人/某事拉开距离
②in 　　　 distance 在远方;在远处
③　　　 a distance 从远处;隔一段距离
④keep sb. 　　　 a distance 与某人保持一定距离;对某人冷淡
特别提醒
对于distance的提问多用what,而不用how far或者how long。例如:What is the distance from
Chicago to Detroit 芝加哥离底特律有多远
词汇拓展
distant adj.遥远的;冷淡的;不同的
be distant from与……相去甚远;与……不同
from
the
at/from　
at
词汇10　strike v.划(火柴);(疾病或灾难)侵袭;打,击;撞,碰;报时,鸣;使受吸引;突然想到;使迷
恋;罢工 n.罢工;罢课;袭击
When you struck the match to light your cigar I saw it was the face of the man wanted in
Chicago.当你划火柴点燃你的雪茄时,我看到这是在芝加哥被追捕的那个人的脸。(教材P61)
情景导学
It struck me that I had met him somewhere before.我突然想到我以前在什么地方见过他。
A wonderful idea struck him when he did the experiment.他在做实验时突然想到一个绝妙的主
意。
Suddenly, a snowball struck him on the back of the head.突然,一个雪球打中了他的后脑勺。
The foreign visitors were struck by the beauty of the West Lake.外国游客们被西湖的美景吸引
住了。
It is reported that the workers have been on strike for three days.据报道,工人们已经罢工三天
了。
用法归纳
①sth. strikes/struck sb.某人突然想起某事
② 　　 strikes/struck sb. that... 某人突然想到……
③strike sb.+介词+the+身体部位 打某人身体某处
④be struck 　　 ...被……吸引;被……击中;被……撞倒
⑤be 　　 strike 在罢工
It
by　
on
情景助记
strike各词义辨析
词汇 释义 用法&拓展
adventure n.历险(经历),奇遇 go on adventures(2023全国乙)
adventurous adj.有冒险精神的;惊险的
deliver v.递送　　　 v.发表 v.接生 deliver a package 递送包裹
deliver a speech 发表讲话
deliver a baby 接生婴儿
delivery n.传送,递送
pet delivery service宠物运送服务(2022浙江1月)
高频词汇积累
thanks to 归功于……,多亏…… due to 由于,因为
owing to 由于,因为
as a result of 由于,因为
because of 由于,因为
significantly adv.重大地,显著地 significant adj.有重大意义的;重要的
significance n.意义;含义;重要性
enable v.使可能,使发生 enable sb. to do sth.使某人能够做某事
able adj.有能力的
be able to do sth.能够做某事,有能力做某事
disable v.使伤残;使丧失能力;使不能运转
en-表示“使处于某种状态;使成为”。如:enrich充实;使
富有,endanger使遭危险,enlarge使变大
unusual adj.异常的,不平常的 usual adj.通常的,寻常的;惯常的
常见的以un-为前缀的形容词:unhappy不开心的;
unreal不真实的;uncomfortable不舒服的;unclear不清楚的;unfriendly不友善的;unfortunate不幸的
postpone v.使(事件、行动等)延期,推迟 delay v.推迟,耽搁
put off 推迟,延迟
drag v.拖,拉 drag,pull,push辨析
drag指吃力或缓慢地拖或拉,常指拖着地拉拽。
push表示推动,常指动作方向向外。
pull表示拉、拽,常指动作方向向内。

drag　　 　pull push　
turn up (意外地或终于)出现;开大,调高(音量等);被找到,被 发现 They finally turned up at nearly midnight.他们终于在近午夜时露面了。
turn down调小;拒绝
turn on/off打开/关闭
turn...into...把……变成……
turn out证明是;结果是
turn to向……求助
turn in上交
turn over翻转;继续运转
appointed adj.约定的,指定的 appoint v.安排,确定(时间、地点);任命,委任
appointment n.预约,约定;任命,委任
ashamed adj.感到不好意思的,难为情的 be ashamed of 由于……而感到羞愧
be ashamed to do sth.羞于做某事
be ashamed that...很惭愧……
shame n.羞耻;羞愧;耻辱;令人惋惜的事 v.使羞愧;使蒙受耻辱;使丢脸
shameless adj.无耻的;没廉耻的
shameful adj.可耻的;丢脸的
location n.地点,位置 locate vt.找出……的准确位置;把……建造在
located adj.位于……的
be located in坐落在……
surroundings n.周围的事物,环境 surround v.围绕,环绕;包围
surrounding adj.周围的;附近的
结构1　“What if... ”句型
What if the only way of getting news from faraway friends was writing letters that took ages to be
delivered 如果从远方的朋友那里得到消息的唯一方法是写信,而这些信要花很长时间才能
送到,那该怎么办 (教材 P50)
情景导学
What if he doesn't agree 如果他不同意该怎么办呢
What if this doesn't work out 如果这行不通怎么办呢
What if it rained and then froze all through those days 如果那几天一直下雨然后又结冰该怎么
办
What if we go on a trip to the Great Wall 我们去长城旅行怎么样
经典结构 情景破
用法归纳
“What if... ”主要有两个用法:
①表示假设,意为“如果/要是……会怎么样/该怎么办 ”,相当于“What should we do/will
happen if... ”,可以用来表示陈述语气(句子用　　　　　 ),也可以用来表示虚拟语气(句
子用一般过去时或句子的谓语用“should+动词原形”)。
②用于提出建议,“What if... ”用于提出建议时,意思是“　　　 　　 ”。
一般现在时　
如果……如何
结构2　“have sth. done”结构
We figured that in twenty years each of us ought to have our destiny worked out and our for-
tunes made, whatever they were going to be.我们认为,无论好歹,二十年后我们每个人都应该
找到了出路、赚了钱。(教材 P60)
情景导学
They are going to have some trees planted.他们打算种一些树。
He wants to have his eyes examined tomorrow.他明天想去检查眼睛。
Yesterday I had my wallet stolen.昨天我的钱包被偷了。
用法归纳
“have sth. done”结构,是“have+宾语+　　　　 　 ”结构的形式之一,意为“使某
事被做(可能是主语参与做,也可能是主语让别人做)”, 还可以表示“(主语)遭受/经历某种
不幸的事”。
宾语补足语
结构拓展
“have+宾语+宾语补足语”结构的其他形式:
①have sb. do sth.让某人做某事
I would like to have him help me with my English.我想让他在英语上帮帮我。
②have sb. doing sth.让某人一直做某事(强调动作一直在持续)
He was very funny and had us laughing all the way.他非常滑稽,一路上逗得我们笑个不停。
Sentence 1
译文　不管我们的爱好是什么,因特网都可以让我们和喜欢做同样事情的人建立起关系,即
使他们生活在世界的另一端。
Sentence 2
译文 但我们需要谨记,我们在社交媒体上看到的有关某个人的情况往往不是完全真实的。
长难句 图解
定语
让步状语　
宾语
Sentence 3
译文 尽管科技改变了我们获得朋友的方式,但友谊的意义和我们对朋友的渴望依然不变。
Sentence 4
译文　我们认为,无论好歹,二十年后我们每个人都应该找到了出路、赚了钱。
让步状语　
定语
宾语
过去分词(短语)
定语从句(1)(关系代词)
　　在主从复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行
词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词。定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。根据定语从句与先行词
的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。前者紧跟先行词,主句与从
句不用逗号分开,从句省去,则主句意思含糊不清;后者主句与从句之间用逗号分开,起补充说
明作用,如果省去从句,主句意思仍然清楚完整。
学习定语从句的重点是关系词的选择,关系词和先行词有着密切的关系,关系词分为关系代
词和关系副词,本单元我们学习5个常见的关系代词:that、which、who、whom和whose。
必备语法 情景破
一、5个常见的关系代词的用法
情景导学
Li Fei is the girl (that/who/whom) I usually go to school with.李菲就是那个常常和我一起去上
学的女孩。(人,宾语)
The man who/that is standing at the school gate is my English teacher.在学校大门口站着的那个
人是我的英语老师。(人,主语)
This may be the suitcase that/which contains important materials.这也许是那个装有重要资料的
手提箱。(物,主语)
The farm(that/which) we visited last week is very big.我们上周参观的那个农场很大。(物,宾语)
He doesn't seem to be the man that he was ten years ago.他看起来已经不是十年前的样子了。
(人,表语)
I met a girl there whose long hair came down to her waist.我在那儿遇到一个长发及腰的女孩。(人,定语)
We'll rebuild the house whose roof was damaged in the earthquake.我们将重建那座屋顶在地震
中受损的房子。(物,定语)
用法归纳
定语从句的关系代词有三大作用:
(1)连接引导作用:引导定语从句。
(2)替代作用:等同所替代的先行词的词义,所以称其为关系代词。注意关系代词whose在替代
先行词的同时还带个“的”,它相当于名词所有格,所以它在定语从句中作①　　　 。
(3)成分作用:因为关系代词替代了②　　　 ,所以它一定会在定语从句中充当一个主要成
分:主语、宾语、定语或者表语。
定语
先行词
关系代词 所修饰的先行词 在定语从句中所作的成分
who 人 主语、宾语
whom 人 宾语
which 物 主语、宾语
that 人、物、人和物 主语、宾语、表语
whose 人、物 定语
5个常见的关系代词的具体用法见下表:
注:在定语从句中,作宾语的关系代词可以省略。
二、宜用that而不宜用which的若干情况
情景导学
All that glitters is not gold.闪闪发光的未必都是金子。
There is little that I can do to help him.我能帮他的忙不多。
This is the most interesting story that I have read.这是我读过的最有趣的故事。
The first thing (that) we should do is to work out a plan.我们应该做的第一件事是制订一个计
划。
Which is the bike that you lost 哪一辆是你丢的自行车
I'll never forget the people and the events that impressed me.我永远不会忘记那些给我留下深
刻印象的人和事。
用法归纳
1.先行词既有人又有③　　　 时用that。
2.先行词为 everything、nothing、anything、all、none、little、few、much等不定代词时,常
用关系代词that来引导定语从句。
3.先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或被序数词或④　　　　　 修饰时,用关系代词
that不用which。
4.先行词被the only,the same,the very修饰时,常用that引导定语从句。
5.特殊疑问句中的疑问词是⑤　　　 时,句中定语从句的关系代词宜用that。
物
形容词最高级　
which　
三、定语从句的主谓一致
情景导学
She is one of the students who want to go abroad.她是想出国的学生之一。
She is the only one of the students who wantsto go abroad.她是学生中唯一想出国的人。
On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth that gives off light in the dark.在夹克的边缘,
有一块布在黑暗中发光。
用法归纳
1.因为关系代词指代的是先行词,当关系代词在从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的数应该和
⑥　　　 保持一致。
2.当从句前为“one of the+n.(pl.)”并且关系代词在定语从句里充当主语时,定语从句修饰的
是这个复数名词,因此定语从句里的谓语动词用⑦　　　 形式。
先行词
复数
3.当从句前为“the only one of the+n.(pl.)”并且关系代词在定语从句里充当主语时,定语从
句修饰的是the only one,因此定语从句里的谓语动词用⑧　　　 形式。
四、定语从句的时态
情景导学
The professor who lectured yesterday is from Canada.昨天讲课的那位教授来自加拿大。
The professor who is lecturing now is from Canada.现在讲课的教授来自加拿大。
The professor who will lecture tomorrow is from Canada.明天要讲课的那位教授来自加拿大。
用法归纳
定语从句的时态一般不受主句时态的影响,主要根据⑨　　　　　 表示的动作发生的时
间、具体的语境和意义而定。
单数
从句谓语动词
即时巩固讲
单句语法填空
1.(2023全国甲)It's the only Thai restaurant　　　 ranks among the top 10 of the world's 50
best restaurants list.
2.(2022新高考Ⅰ)Producing food 　 　　 no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other re-
sources used to grow it.
3.(2022新高考Ⅱ)And among people　　 　 don't exercise, the changes can start even sooner.
4.(2020全国Ⅲ)In ancient China lived an artist　　　 paintings were almost lifelike.
5.I can't accept the blame for anything 　　　 was someone else's fault.
6.Word came that our school would hold a class meeting　　　　 topic was related to tradi-
tional Chinese customs.
7.It must seem a little odd to get a letter from your own mother　　　 　 you see everyday.
that
that/which
who/that
whose
that
whose
whom/who/that