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Section Ⅱ “Understanding ideas”的新知学习环节
新学词汇·归类记清
一、阅读单词——知其义
1．be intrigued by Maya civilisation 被玛雅文明所____________
2．representative step pyramids 代表性建筑阶梯__________
3．tropical cyclones 热带____________
二、重点单词——写其形
1．__________ wood in the ground 把木材埋到地下
2．the __________ of the ancient city 这座古代城市的衰败
3．huge __________ systems 巨大的运河系统
4．__________ the plan 毁掉这个计划
5．__________ the ship 弃船
三、活用单词——悉其变
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
四、拓展构词——明其规
civilisation：“v.＋ ation” →n.
[依“规”串记]
①invite→invitation 邀请
②imagine→imagination 想象
③prepare→preparation 准备
五、高级词块——通其用
1．______________ 对应于；相当于
2．______________ 把……应用于……
3．______________ 除……之外；在……上面
4．______________ 更加
5．______________ 在巅峰时期
6．______________ 在……中起作用
7．______________ 把……变成……
8．______________ 处理，应付
9．______________ 以不同的速度；以不同的比率
10．______________ (因无人照料而)衰落，败落
重点词汇·深化学习
1．Based on this, he believed he had spotted an unknown Maya city buried deep in the jungle.
据此，他相信自己发现了一座隐藏于丛林深处的未知玛雅城市的位置。
★bury v．将……埋在下面；埋葬；掩藏；使陷入
[用法感知]
①With their joint efforts, the man buried under the fallen building was saved.
在他们的共同努力下，那个被埋在倒塌的建筑物下的人得救了。
②(名言警句) The secret of a happy life isn't buried in a treasure chest.It lies within your heart.幸福人生的秘密并非藏在财宝箱里，而是在你的心里。
③(“动作描写”佳句) She buried her face in her hands and wept when she heard the bad news.
当她听到那个坏消息时，她双手掩面而泣。
[归纳点拨]
(1)bury ... in ... 把……埋到……里
bury one's face in one's hands 双手掩面
bury oneself in 埋头于，专心致志于
(2)be buried in 专心于
be buried in thought 埋头深思
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/句式升级)
④He sat at a wooden table and ____________ (bury) in reading.
⑤He buried __________ (he) in his lessons and knew nothing about the outside world.
⑥The young man, who was also deeply buried __________ thought, raised his eyes.
⑦Because she buried herself in the novel, she didn't know it was snowing outside.
→___________________________， she didn't know it was snowing outside.(用现在分词短语作状语)
→___________________， she didn't know it was snowing outside.(用过去分词短语作状语)
2．But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya to abandon most of their great cities.但最大的谜团是为何玛雅人抛弃了绝大部分的大城市。
★abandon vt.离弃，逃离；放弃，丢弃；抛弃，遗弃；中止；陷入，沉湎于(某种感情)n.放纵；放任
[用法感知]
①I might have abandoned my dream of being a pianist, but for the encouragement from my music teacher.
要不是音乐老师的鼓励，我可能已经放弃了当钢琴家的梦想。
②He is abandoned to reading all kinds of books in his spare time.
闲暇之余，他沉湎于阅读各种书籍。
③At the party, people sang and danced with abandon, totally forgetting the troubles in their lives.聚会上，人们尽情地唱歌、跳舞，完全忘记了生活中的烦恼。
[归纳点拨]
(1)abandon sb./sth. to sb. 把某人/物丢给某人
abandon (doing) sth. 放弃(做)某事
abandon oneself to (doing) sth. 沉湎于(做)某事
(2)with abandon 放任地；放纵地；尽情地
(3)be abandoned to 沉湎于……
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
④Please keep in mind that those who abandon __________ (they) to despair can't succeed.
⑤In spite of difficulties, the young man never abandoned __________ (study) English.
⑥The girls jumped up and down and waved their arms __________ abandon.
(2)句式升级
⑦He abandoned himself to the scientific study and forgot to eat.
→________________________________________________________________________，
he forgot to eat.(现在分词短语作状语)
→________________________________________________________________________，
he forgot to eat.(过去分词短语作状语)
3．Its once great cities fell into ruin, leaving various mysteries for later people to solve.
曾经恢宏的城市沦为废墟，留下各种谜团等待后人解开。
★ruin n．残垣断壁，废墟；毁坏vt.破坏，毁灭
[用法感知]
①(“情绪描写”佳句)When I saw my former beautiful house was in ruins, I felt a weight on my chest as the sadness swelled inside.
当我看到我原来美丽的家园已成为废墟时，我感到心头沉甸甸的，悲伤充斥着我的内心。
②(“背景描写”佳句)One night the earth quaked, reducing the villages to ruins and causing hundreds of deaths.一天晚上，大地震动，村庄沦为废墟，数百人失去了生命。
[归纳点拨]
(1)ruin sth./sb. 毁坏某物/毁灭某人
ruin one's health/fame/future 毁掉某人的健康/名誉/前途
(2)lie/be in ruins 成为废墟
fall into ruin 衰落，败落
bring ... to ruin 使……毁灭/没落/破产
reduce ...to ruins 使……沦为废墟
[应用融会] (单句语法填空)
③A large number of buildings fell __________ ruin after the big flood.
④You will bring yourself ______________ ruin if you don't take your study seriously.
⑤In the past ten years a number of high buildings have arisen where there was nothing but __________ (ruin)．
⑥Three days later, the fire was put out and some 500 blocks lay __________ ruins.
Meanwhile, the rise and fall of this civilisation must also leave us thinking about our own past, present and future.
同时，玛雅文明的崛起与衰落必定也让我们思考自己的过去、现在与将来。
本句中的 leave us thinking about为“leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。
(1)leave用作使役动词，后常跟复合结构，有以下构成方式：
①leave＋宾语＋名词/形容词/副词/介词短语
②leave＋宾语＋现在分词/过去分词
③leave＋宾语＋不定式
④leave＋宾语＋where引导的地点状语从句/as引导的方式状语从句
(2)在leave的复合结构中，宾补为现在分词时，通常表示主动、进行的动作；宾补为过去分词时，通常表示被动、完成的动作；宾补为不定式时，通常表示将要发生的动作。
“两层级”学通用活句式
(1)通过“句法训练”弄明句式结构(单句语法填空)
①She left me __________ (wait) for two hours at the station.
②Don't leave your work __________ (finish)．
③Don't leave me ______________ (explain) it to him.
(2)通过“句式仿写”做到熟练运用
④他低声说了些什么，然后留下食物丝毫未动就进了起居室。
He whispered something, __________________________________， and went into the sitting room.
⑤把东西放在能够再次找到它们的地方，你们应该把这一点作为一条行为准则。
You should make it a rule to ____________________________________________.
⑥“但你是我的弟弟，我不能让你处于危险中，”艾瑞克语气坚定地说。
“But you are my brother. I can't _________________，” Eric replied in a determined voice.
Section Ⅱ
NO.1 积词汇
新学词汇·归类记清
一、1.吸引 2.金字塔 3.气旋
二、1.bury 2.downfall 3.canal 4.ruin 5.abandon
三、1.①civil ②civilise ③civilisation
2．①astronomy ②astronomical ③astronomers
3．①tropics ②tropical
4．①dismiss ②dismissal
5．①expand ②expansion
五、1.correspond to 2.apply ... to ... 3.on top of ...
4．all the more 5.at its peak 6.play a part in 7.turn ... into ...
8．deal with 9.at different rates 10.fall into ruin
重点词汇·深化学习
1．④was buried ⑤himself ⑥in
⑦Burying herself in the novel; Buried in the novel
2．④themselves ⑤studying ⑥with ⑦Abandoning himself to the scientific study; Abandoned to the scientific study
3．③into ④to ⑤ruins ⑥in
NO.2 通句式
①waiting ②unfinished ③to explain
④left the food untouched
⑤leave things where you can find them again
⑥leave you in danger(共81张PPT)
Section Ⅱ
“Understanding ideas”的新知学习环节
NO 1
积词汇/由记准到用活
NO 2
通句式/由规则到熟用
NO 3
课时跟踪检测
目 录
新学词汇·归类记清
No.1 积词汇/由记准到用活
新学词汇·归类记清
一、阅读单词——知其义
1．be intrigued by Maya civilisation 被玛雅文明所________
2．representative step pyramids 代表性建筑阶梯_________
3．tropical cyclones 热带__________
吸引
金字塔
气旋
二、重点单词——写其形
1．________ wood in the ground 把木材埋到地下
2．the __________ of the ancient city 这座古代城市的衰败
3．huge _________ systems 巨大的运河系统
4．_________ the plan 毁掉这个计划
5．___________ the ship 弃船
bury
downfall
canal
ruin
abandon
三、活用单词——悉其变
civil
civilise
civilisation
astronomy
astronomical
astronomers
tropics
tropical
dismiss
dismissal
expand
expansion
四、拓展构词——明其规
civilisation：“v.＋-ation” →n.
[依“规”串记]
①invite→invitation 邀请
②imagine→imagination 想象
③prepare→preparation 准备
五、高级词块——通其用
1．_______________ 对应于；相当于
2．_______________ 把……应用于……
3．_______________ 除……之外；在……上面
4．_______________ 更加
5．_______________ 在巅峰时期
correspond to
apply ... to ...
on top of ...
all the more
at its peak
6．_____________ 在……中起作用
7．_____________ 把……变成……
8．_____________ 处理，应付
9．________________ 以不同的速度；以不同的比率
10．_____________ (因无人照料而)衰落，败落
play a part in
turn ... into ...
deal with
at different rates
fall into ruin
重点词汇 深化学习
1．Based on this, he believed he had spotted an unknown Maya city buried deep in the jungle.
据此，他相信自己发现了一座隐藏于丛林深处的未知玛雅城市的位置。
★bury v．将……埋在下面；埋葬；掩藏；使陷入
[用法感知]
①With their joint efforts, the man buried under the fallen building was saved.
在他们的共同努力下，那个被埋在倒塌的建筑物下的人得救了。
②(名言警句) The secret of a happy life isn't buried in a treasure chest.It lies within your heart.
幸福人生的秘密并非藏在财宝箱里，而是在你的心里。
③(“动作描写”佳句) She buried her face in her hands and wept when she heard the bad news.
当她听到那个坏消息时，她双手掩面而泣。
[归纳点拨]
(1)bury ... in ... 把……埋到……里
bury one's face in one's hands 双手掩面
bury oneself in 埋头于，专心致志于
(2)be buried in 专心于
be buried in thought 埋头深思
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/句式升级)
④He sat at a wooden table and _____________ (bury) in reading.
⑤He buried ___________ (he) in his lessons and knew nothing about the outside world.
⑥The young man, who was also deeply buried ______ thought, raised his eyes.
was buried
himself
in
⑦Because she buried herself in the novel, she didn't know it was snowing outside.
→__________________________, she didn't know it was snowing outside.(用现在分词短语作状语)
→____________________, she didn't know it was snowing outside.(用过去分词短语作状语)
Burying herself in the novel
Buried in the novel
2．But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya to abandon most of their great cities.但最大的谜团是为何玛雅人抛弃了绝大部分的大城市。
★abandon vt.离弃，逃离；放弃，丢弃；抛弃，遗弃；中止；陷入，沉湎于(某种感情)n.放纵；放任
[用法感知]
①I might have abandoned my dream of being a pianist, but for the encouragement from my music teacher.
要不是音乐老师的鼓励，我可能已经放弃了当钢琴家的梦想。
②He is abandoned to reading all kinds of books in his spare time.
闲暇之余，他沉湎于阅读各种书籍。
③At the party, people sang and danced with abandon, totally forgetting the troubles in their lives.
聚会上，人们尽情地唱歌、跳舞，完全忘记了生活中的烦恼。
[归纳点拨]
(1)abandon sb./sth. to sb. 把某人/物丢给某人
abandon (doing) sth. 放弃(做)某事
abandon oneself to (doing) sth. 沉湎于(做)某事
(2)with abandon 放任地；放纵地；尽情地
(3)be abandoned to 沉湎于……
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
④Please keep in mind that those who abandon ____________(they) to despair can't succeed.
⑤In spite of difficulties, the young man never abandoned __________ (study) English.
⑥The girls jumped up and down and waved their arms _______abandon.
themselves
studying
with
(2)句式升级
⑦He abandoned himself to the scientific study and forgot to eat.
→_____________________________________, he forgot to eat.(现在分词短语作状语)
→______________________________, he forgot to eat.(过去分词短语作状语)
Abandoning himself to the scientific study
Abandoned to the scientific study
3．Its once-great cities fell into ruin, leaving various mysteries for later people to solve.
曾经恢宏的城市沦为废墟，留下各种谜团等待后人解开。
★ruin n．残垣断壁，废墟；毁坏vt.破坏，毁灭
[用法感知]
①(“情绪描写”佳句)When I saw my former beautiful house was in ruins, I felt a weight on my chest as the sadness swelled inside.
当我看到我原来美丽的家园已成为废墟时，我感到心头沉甸甸的，悲伤充斥着我的内心。
②(“背景描写”佳句)One night the earth quaked, reducing the villages to ruins and causing hundreds of deaths.
一天晚上，大地震动，村庄沦为废墟，数百人失去了生命。
[归纳点拨]
(1)ruin sth./sb. 毁坏某物/毁灭某人
ruin one's health/fame/future 毁掉某人的健康/名誉/前途
(2)lie/be in ruins 成为废墟
fall into ruin 衰落，败落
bring ... to ruin 使……毁灭/没落/破产
reduce ...to ruins 使……沦为废墟
[应用融会] (单句语法填空)
③A large number of buildings fell _____ ruin after the big flood.
④You will bring yourself _______ruin if you don't take your study seriously.
into
to
⑤In the past ten years a number of high buildings have arisen where there was nothing but _______ (ruin)．
⑥Three days later, the fire was put out and some 500 blocks lay ___ ruins.
ruins
in
No.2 通句式/由规则到熟用
Meanwhile, the rise and fall of this civilisation must also leave us thinking about our own past, present and future.
同时，玛雅文明的崛起与衰落必定也让我们思考自己的过去、现在与将来。
本句中的 leave us thinking about为“leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。
(1)leave用作使役动词，后常跟复合结构，有以下构成方式：
①leave＋宾语＋名词/形容词/副词/介词短语
②leave＋宾语＋现在分词/过去分词
③leave＋宾语＋不定式
④leave＋宾语＋where引导的地点状语从句/as引导的方式状语从句
(2)在leave的复合结构中，宾补为现在分词时，通常表示主动、进行的动作；宾补为过去分词时，通常表示被动、完成的动作；宾补为不定式时，通常表示将要发生的动作。
“两层级”学通用活句式
(1)通过“句法训练”弄明句式结构(单句语法填空)
①She left me __________ (wait) for two hours at the station.
②Don't leave your work ___________ (finish)．
③Don't leave me ______________ (explain) it to him.
waiting
unfinished
to explain
(2)通过“句式仿写”做到熟练运用
④他低声说了些什么，然后留下食物丝毫未动就进了起居室。
He whispered something,_______________________, and, went into the sitting-room.
left the food untouched
⑤把东西放在能够再次找到它们的地方，你们应该把这一点作为一条行为准则。
You should make it a rule to_______________________________________.
⑥“但你是我的弟弟，我不能让你处于危险中，”艾瑞克语气坚定地说。
“But you are my brother. I can't ___________________，” Eric replied in a determined voice.
leave things where you can find them again
leave you in danger
No.3 课时跟踪检测
[语言基础训练]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．He described the landing as a big step for human _____________ (文明).
2．Throughout history, people have been _____________(引起好奇心) by the question of whether there is intelligent life elsewhere in the universe.
civilisation
intrigued
3．_____________ (天文学) is the scientific study of the stars, planets, and other natural objects in space.
4．The road and the _________(运河) run parallel to each other.
5．His lack of experience led to his __________ (衰败)．
Astronomy
canal
downfall
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．They had much trouble in rescuing people _________ (bury) in the building.
2．Years of fighting have left the area in _________ (ruin)．
3．After the victory, the soldiers sang and danced ________abandon.
buried
ruins
with
4．He just laughed and ____________(dismiss) my proposal as unrealistic.
5．Despite the recession, the company is confident of further ___________ (expand)．
dismissed
expansion
Ⅲ.选词填空
at one's peak, in ruins, deal with, be buried in, abandon oneself to
1．He _____________________ sorrow when the news came that his son was badly injured in the accident.
2．With a history of more than 2,000 years, some of the sections of the Great Wall are now ___________ or even have entirely disappeared.
abandoned himself to
in ruins
3．Each time I passed by her office, the enterprising chairwoman _______________ her work.
4．During that special occasion，I ____________ customers on the phone and rarely met them face to face.
5．Tourism is ___________in August, with an average of 10,000 visitors per day.
was buried in
dealt with
at its peak
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．A severe earthquake destroyed almost everything, ___________
_____________.
一场剧烈的地震几乎摧毁了一切，让城市沦为废墟。
2．________________________________________________________ before the Terracotta Warriors were discovered.
兵马俑在地下埋藏了2 000多年才被发现。
leaving the
cities in ruins
They had been buried under the earth for more than 2,000 years
3．________________________________________ of listening and speaking, this activity is very popular.
这项活动旨在提高学生的听说能力，很受欢迎。
4．She knew that,__________________________, her family were right behind her.
她知道，无论她做出什么决定，她的家人肯定会支持她的。
Aimed at improving the students' ability
whatever decision she made
Ⅴ.课文语法填空
Through ①____________ (compare), William Gadoury found that the locations of the 117 known Maya cities correspond to the ②_________ (position) of the stars. It shows how powerful the secrets of Ancient Maya civilisation are among people. Maya civilisation ③______________________ (surround) by mystery since its rediscovery in the 19th century. The Maya built impressive palaces and temples. ④________ is most extraordinary about these complex structures is how they were built without the use of wheels, metal tools or even animal power.
comparison
positions
has been surrounded
What
The Maya's understanding of mathematics and astronomy was also quite
⑤_________ (amaze). On top of all this ⑥_______ (be) an achievement unique in the Americas at that time: a true writing system. But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya to abandon most of their great cities. Some research seems ⑦___________ (indicate) that the Maya people themselves may have played ⑧___ part in their downfall. Research also suggests that those natural disasters may have led ⑨______ the decline of the Maya.
amazing
was
to indicate
a
to
Its once-great cities fell into ruin, leaving ⑩_________(vary) mysteries for later people to solve. What's more, the rise and fall of this civilisation must also leave us thinking about our own past, present and future.
various
[语篇综合训练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Mayan civilization was a Central American (Mesoamerican) civilization that covered one third of Central America. Mayan civilization is famous for its fully developed written language, striking art, huge architecture, and advanced mathematical and astronomical knowledge. These features came out of the Preclassic Period but reached their highest development in the Classic Period (250 to 900 AD). When it prospered (繁荣), it was one of the most densely populated and culturally active societies in the world.
Mayan civilization was not one single empire, but rather many separate city-states which had a common cultural background. Strangely, after the Classic Period, these cities stopped to be centers of importance. Mayan culture continued and still exists today but in a rural setting. One question that interests scholars is why these cities just disappeared. They were swallowed up by the tropical jungles. Travelers and scholars rediscovered them and have studied them only in the last two hundred years or so. In fact, scholars have debates about what happened, but some factors seem to be part of the explanation of why they disappeared.
Toward the end there was large-scale, continuous warfare among the city-states. The rulers were highly competitive and made fierce wars on one another. Another factor considered is overpopulation. Scholars indicate that the Mayan population reached up to 200 people per square kilometer, among the highest in the pre-industrial world. Overpopulation led to overuse of the tropical forest, the source of their food.
Research from the pollen (花粉) indicates that there was almost no tropical forest left. This led to damage to the environment of the area, further resulting in a lack of water and then drought. Thus warfare, overpopulation, overuse of resources, and destruction of the environment appear to be active factors involved in the disappearance of Mayan cities.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了对玛雅城市消失原因的研究。
1．What is the function of the first paragraph
A．To present a different view.
B．To provide the main topic.
C．To lead in the main topic.
D．To provide the text's road-map.
√
解析：推理判断题。由文章第一段可知，这里主要介绍玛雅城市曾经的繁荣，而下文讨论该城市消失的原因，所以第一段起引出主题的作用。
2．Which of the following has puzzled Mayan scholars
A．The disappearance of Mayan cities.
B．The continuation of Mayan culture.
C．The city-states' cultural background.
D．The creation of Mayan civilization.
√
解析：细节理解题。由文章第二段“One question that interests scholars is why these cities just disappeared.”可知，玛雅城市的消失让玛雅学者感到困惑。
3．What was the consequence of overuse of the tropical forest
A．Serious flood. B．Overpopulation.
C．Continuous wars. D．Food shortage.
解析：推理判断题。由文章第三段“Scholars indicate that ... Overpopulation led to overuse of the tropical forest, the source of their food.”可推知，对热带森林的过度使用导致了玛雅人食物的减少，从而导致他们的消亡。
√
4. What is the best title for this text
A．The Fall of Mayan Cities
B．The Golden Age of Mayan Cities
C．Tropical Jungles and Mayan Civilization
D．Mayan Civilization in the Classic Period
√
解析：标题归纳题。通读全文，特别是第二段中“One question that interests scholars is why these cities just disappeared.”以及最后一段可知，文章主要介绍了对玛雅城市消失原因的研究，所以A项“The Fall of Mayan Cities(玛雅城市的衰落)”最适合作文章标题。
Ⅱ.完形填空
Ciudad Perdida, Colombia's “Lost City”， is older than Machu Picchu. There are no trains or buses allowing of 5 travels to reach its ruins.The remote place is only 6 on foot: a tiring multi-day hike.
Despite this, I couldn't 7 the opportunity to visit Ciudad Perdida.12 other hikers and I went there in 8 with a licensed guide.The dirt path, which 9 through towering palms and dangling vines (藤蔓), proved 10 right from the start. Along the way we also met the 11 . They have been left undisturbed for centuries and there's a deep 12 between them and the land.
The next morning, we were off early to 13 the heat, but high temperatures and muscle pain had already 14 by the time we reached the final stage — 1,200 stone steps to 15 . After finally lifting my painful body up the long flight of stairs, my eyes rested on the scene that had 16 the backbreaking journey: Ciudad Perdida.
I looked down and wondered at the beautiful site below.While the return trip included 17 the mental hurdle (障碍) of having already accomplished our goal, the experience is the one I would do 18 . It is the difficulty that makes the journey a more 19 one.Earned views are always better.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。哥伦比亚的“失落之城”佩尔迪达城比马丘比丘还要古老。作者在导游的带领下和其他徒步旅行者历经千辛万苦抵达这座城市，一睹其神秘面貌，收获满满。
5．A.long B．endless
C．frequent D．easy
解析：根据下文中的“on foot: a tiring multi-day hike”可知，到那里需要步行且需要花费几天时间。由此可知，没有火车或公共汽车，无法轻易到达这座城市的遗址。
√
6．A.impressive B．accessible
C．worthwhile D．dangerous
解析：到达这个偏远地方的唯一方式是步行。accessible“可到达的”。
√
7．A.resist B．obtain
C．promote D．find
解析：根据下文提到作者进行了这次旅行可知，此处表示尽管有这个(困难)，作者还是无法拒绝参观佩尔迪达城的机会。
√
8．A.company B．combination
C．harmony D．communication
解析：作者和另外12个徒步旅行者在导游的陪同下前往那里。in company with“与……一起”。
√
9．A.buried B．spread
C．spun D．wound
解析：这条土路蜿蜒曲折，穿过高耸的棕榈树和悬挂的藤蔓。wind意为“蜿蜒，曲折而行”。
√
10．A.disappointing B．embarrassing
C．challenging D．amazing
解析：根据语境可知，这条土路从一开始就颇具挑战性(challenging)。
√
11．A.natives B．visitors
C．guides D．drivers
解析：根据下文的“They have been left undisturbed for centuries”可知，作者他们在路上遇到了当地人(natives)。
√
12．A.similarity B．distinction
C．bond D．belief
解析：几个世纪以来，他们不曾被打扰，与这片土地有着深厚的关系(bond)。
√
13．A.reduce B．beat
C．test D．feel
解析：根据空前的“we were off early to”和空后的“but high temperatures”可知，此处表示作者他们趁着天不热早早出发。beat意为“避免，逃避”。
√
14．A.watched out B．cut off
C．set in D．given in
解析：当作者他们到达最后一段路程的时候，气温开始上升，浑身肌肉开始(set in)酸疼。watch out“小心，注意”；cut off“剪掉，中断”；give in“屈服，让步”。
√
15．A.construct B．pick
C．cover D．explore
解析：这段路需要走完1 200阶石阶。cover“行走(一段路程)”。
√
16．A.convinced B．predicted
C．motivated D．simplified
解析：最终，作者的目光落在了佩尔迪达城的景色上，而这正是作者进行这次艰苦旅行的原因。motivate“成为……的动机，是……的原因”。
√
17．A.overcoming B．memorizing
C．observing D．fixing
解析：尽管返程需要克服(overcoming)他们因完成目标而懈怠的心理障碍，作者还是愿意再经历一次。
√
18．A.otherwise B．again
C．though D．instead
解析：根据语境可知，作者还是愿意再进行一次这样的旅行。
√
19．A.rewarding B．sensitive
C．popular D．flexible
解析：根据作者这次旅行的经历和最后作者的感悟“Earned views are always better.”可知，困难让这次旅行变得更有意义(rewarding)。
√
Ⅲ.语法填空
Archaeologists have discovered a wooden Mayan boat in southern Mexico, believed 1 (be) over 1,000 years old.
2 (measure) over 5 feet (1.5m)，it was found almost completely undamaged in a freshwater pool near the ruined Mayan city of Chichen Itza.The rare find came during 3 (construct) work on a new tourist railway known as the Maya Train.
Experts from Parises Sorbonne University have been helping with discovering the canoe's exact age and type. 4 3D model of it would also be made to allow 5 (copy) to be made, and to facilitate further study.
The Mayan civilisation flourished (繁荣) before Spain conquered the region.In their time, the Mayans ruled large stretches of territory in 6 is now southern Mexico，Guatemala，Belize and Honduras.
The boat has been dated 7 830 AD and 950 AD, towards the end of the Mayan civilisation's golden age.
Around this period, the Mayan civilisation 8 (suffer) a major political collapse, marked by the abandonment of cities 9 (dot) around modern-day Central America — leaving ruins of towering pyramids and other stone buildings.
No single theory for this collapse has been widely accepted, 10 it's believed that a combination of internal warfare，drought and overpopulation may have been contributing factors.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个考古发现：考古学家在墨西哥南部发现了一艘玛雅人的木船。
1．to be 考查固定短语。短语：(be) believed to be ...意为“被认为是……”。结合句意可知，此处指这艘木船被认为有1 000多年的历史。
2．Measuring 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，空处在句中作状语，此处measure“量度为”为系动词，不及物，没有被动语态，与句子主语it为主谓关系，故用现在分词形式，因其处于句首，所以首字母大写。
3．construction 考查名词。此处为名词作定语，修饰名词work。 construction work意为“建设工程”。
4．The 考查冠词。分析可知，此处指这艘木制的玛雅船的3D模型会被制作出来，所以表示特指，且空处位于句首，首字母要大写。
5．copies 考查名词复数。空前allow为动词，所以此处要用名词作宾语。copy“复制品”为可数名词，且空前无限定词，所以此处要用复数。
6．what 考查宾语从句。分析句子可知，空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作主语，意为“什么”，所以应填连接代词what。
7．between 考查固定短语。固定短语between ... and ...“在……(两者)之间”。结合句意可知，此处指船存在于公元830年至950年之间。
8．suffered 考查动词的时态。结合句意可知，此处在讲述过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。
9．dotted 考查非谓语动词。(be) dotted around “分散在……周围”，是固定用法。此处指城市分散在现代中美洲大陆周围。
10．but 考查连词。分析句意可知，空前和空后的内容为转折关系。5 / 5
UNIT 5 课时检测(二) “Understanding ideas”的新知学习环节
[语言基础训练]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．He described the landing as a big step for human __________ (文明).
2．Throughout history, people have been ________ (引起好奇心) by the question of whether there is intelligent life elsewhere in the universe.
3．______________ (天文学) is the scientific study of the stars, planets, and other natural objects in space.
4．The road and the __________ (运河) run parallel to each other.
5．His lack of experience led to his ____________ (衰败)．
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．They had much trouble in rescuing people _______ (bury) in the building.
2．Years of fighting have left the area in __________ (ruin)．
3．After the victory, the soldiers sang and danced __________ abandon.
4．He just laughed and __________ (dismiss) my proposal as unrealistic.
5．Despite the recession, the company is confident of further __________ (expand)．
Ⅲ.选词填空
at one's peak, in ruins, deal with, be buried in, abandon oneself to
1．He _______________ sorrow when the news came that his son was badly injured in the accident.
2．With a history of more than 2,000 years, some of the sections of the Great Wall are now ____________________ or even have entirely disappeared.
3．Each time I passed by her office, the enterprising chairwoman ______________ her work.
4．During that special occasion，I ______________ customers on the phone and rarely met them face to face.
5．Tourism is ______________ in August, with an average of 10,000 visitors per day.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．A severe earthquake destroyed almost everything, __________________________________.一场剧烈的地震几乎摧毁了一切，让城市沦为废墟。
2．__________________________________________________________________ before the Terracotta Warriors were discovered.
兵马俑在地下埋藏了2 000多年才被发现。
3．__________________________________________ of listening and speaking, this activity is very popular.
这项活动旨在提高学生的听说能力，很受欢迎。
4．She knew that, __________________________， her family were right behind her.她知道，无论她做出什么决定，她的家人肯定会支持她的。
Ⅴ.课文语法填空
Through ①__________ (compare), William Gadoury found that the locations of the 117 known Maya cities correspond to the ②__________ (position) of the stars. It shows how powerful the secrets of Ancient Maya civilisation are among people. Maya civilisation ③__________ (surround) by mystery since its rediscovery in the 19th century. The Maya built impressive palaces and temples. ④__________ is most extraordinary about these complex structures is how they were built without the use of wheels, metal tools or even animal power. The Maya's understanding of mathematics and astronomy was also quite ⑤_________ (amaze). On top of all this ⑥_________ (be) an achievement unique in the Americas at that time: a true writing system. But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya to abandon most of their great cities. Some research seems ⑦_________ (indicate) that the Maya people themselves may have played ⑧__________ part in their downfall. Research also suggests that those natural disasters may have led ⑨__________ the decline of the Maya. Its once great cities fell into ruin, leaving ⑩__________ (vary) mysteries for later people to solve. What's more, the rise and fall of this civilisation must also leave us thinking about our own past, present and future.
[语篇综合训练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Mayan civilization was a Central American (Mesoamerican) civilization that covered one third of Central America. Mayan civilization is famous for its fully developed written language, striking art, huge architecture, and advanced mathematical and astronomical knowledge. These features came out of the Preclassic Period but reached their highest development in the Classic Period (250 to 900 AD). When it prospered (繁荣), it was one of the most densely populated and culturally active societies in the world.
Mayan civilization was not one single empire, but rather many separate city states which had a common cultural background. Strangely, after the Classic Period, these cities stopped to be centers of importance. Mayan culture continued and still exists today but in a rural setting. One question that interests scholars is why these cities just disappeared. They were swallowed up by the tropical jungles. Travelers and scholars rediscovered them and have studied them only in the last two hundred years or so. In fact, scholars have debates about what happened, but some factors seem to be part of the explanation of why they disappeared.
Toward the end there was large scale, continuous warfare among the city states. The rulers were highly competitive and made fierce wars on one another. Another factor considered is overpopulation. Scholars indicate that the Mayan population reached up to 200 people per square kilometer, among the highest in the pre industrial world. Overpopulation led to overuse of the tropical forest, the source of their food.
Research from the pollen (花粉) indicates that there was almost no tropical forest left. This led to damage to the environment of the area, further resulting in a lack of water and then drought. Thus warfare, overpopulation, overuse of resources, and destruction of the environment appear to be active factors involved in the disappearance of Mayan cities.
1．What is the function of the first paragraph
A．To present a different view.
B．To provide the main topic.
C．To lead in the main topic.
D．To provide the text's road map.
2．Which of the following has puzzled Mayan scholars
A．The disappearance of Mayan cities.
B．The continuation of Mayan culture.
C．The city states' cultural background.
D．The creation of Mayan civilization.
3．What was the consequence of overuse of the tropical forest
A．Serious flood. B．Overpopulation.
C．Continuous wars. D.Food shortage.
4. What is the best title for this text
A．The Fall of Mayan Cities
B．The Golden Age of Mayan Cities
C．Tropical Jungles and Mayan Civilization
D．Mayan Civilization in the Classic Period
Ⅱ.完形填空
Ciudad Perdida, Colombia's “Lost City”， is older than Machu Picchu. There are no trains or buses allowing of __5__ travels to reach its ruins.The remote place is only __6__ on foot: a tiring multi day hike.
Despite this, I couldn't __7__ the opportunity to visit Ciudad Perdida.12 other hikers and I went there in __8__ with a licensed guide.The dirt path, which __9__ through towering palms and dangling vines (藤蔓), proved __10__ right from the start. Along the way we also met the __11__. They have been left undisturbed for centuries and there's a deep __12__ between them and the land.
The next morning, we were off early to __13__ the heat, but high temperatures and muscle pain had already __14__ by the time we reached the final stage — 1,200 stone steps to __15__. After finally lifting my painful body up the long flight of stairs, my eyes rested on the scene that had __16__ the backbreaking journey: Ciudad Perdida.
I looked down and wondered at the beautiful site below.While the return trip included __17__ the mental hurdle (障碍) of having already accomplished our goal, the experience is the one I would do __18__. It is the difficulty that makes the journey a more __19__ one.Earned views are always better.
5．A.long B.endless
C．frequent D.easy
6．A.impressive B.accessible
C．worthwhile D.dangerous
7．A.resist B.obtain
C．promote D.find
8．A.company B.combination
C．harmony D.communication
9．A.buried B.spread
C．spun D.wound
10．A.disappointing B.embarrassing
C．challenging D.amazing
11．A.natives B.visitors
C．guides D.drivers
12．A.similarity B.distinction
C．bond D.belief
13．A.reduce B.beat
C．test D.feel
14．A.watched out B.cut off
C．set in D.given in
15．A.construct B.pick
C．cover D.explore
16．A.convinced B.predicted
C．motivated D.simplified
17．A.overcoming B.memorizing
C．observing D.fixing
18．A.otherwise B.again
C．though D.instead
19．A.rewarding B.sensitive
C．popular D.flexible
Ⅲ.语法填空
Archaeologists have discovered a wooden Mayan boat in southern Mexico, believed __1__ (be) over 1,000 years old.
__2__ (measure) over 5 feet (1.5m)，it was found almost completely undamaged in a freshwater pool near the ruined Mayan city of Chichen Itza.The rare find came during __3__ (construct) work on a new tourist railway known as the Maya Train.
Experts from Parises Sorbonne University have been helping with discovering the canoe's exact age and type.__4__ 3D model of it would also be made to allow __5__ (copy) to be made, and to facilitate further study.
The Mayan civilisation flourished (繁荣) before Spain conquered the region.In their time, the Mayans ruled large stretches of territory in __6__ is now southern Mexico，Guatemala，Belize and Honduras.
The boat has been dated __7__ 830 AD and 950 AD, towards the end of the Mayan civilisation's golden age.
Around this period, the Mayan civilisation __8__ (suffer) a major political collapse, marked by the abandonment of cities ___9___ (dot) around modern day Central America — leaving ruins of towering pyramids and other stone buildings.
No single theory for this collapse has been widely accepted, ___10__ it's believed that a combination of internal warfare，drought and overpopulation may have been contributing factors.
UNIT 5 课时检测(二)
[语言基础训练]
Ⅰ.1.civilisation 2.intrigued 3.Astronomy 4.canal
5．downfall
Ⅱ.1.buried 2.ruins 3.with 4.dismissed 5.expansion
Ⅲ.1.abandoned himself to 2.in ruins 3.was buried in
4．dealt with 5.at its peak
Ⅳ.1.leaving the cities in ruins 2.They had been buried under the earth for more than 2,000 years 3.Aimed at improving the students' ability 4.whatever decision she made
Ⅴ.①comparison ②positions ③has been surrounded ④What
⑤amazing ⑥was ⑦to indicate ⑧a ⑨to ⑩various
[语篇综合训练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了对玛雅城市消失原因的研究。
1．选C 推理判断题。由文章第一段可知，这里主要介绍玛雅城市曾经的繁荣，而下文讨论该城市消失的原因，所以第一段起引出主题的作用。
2．选A 细节理解题。由文章第二段“One question that interests scholars is why these cities just disappeared.”可知，玛雅城市的消失让玛雅学者感到困惑。
3．选D 推理判断题。由文章第三段“Scholars indicate that ... Overpopulation led to overuse of the tropical forest, the source of their food.”可推知，对热带森林的过度使用导致了玛雅人食物的减少，从而导致他们的消亡。
4．选A 标题归纳题。通读全文，特别是第二段中“One question that interests scholars is why these cities just disappeared.”以及最后一段可知，文章主要介绍了对玛雅城市消失原因的研究，所以A项“The Fall of Mayan Cities(玛雅城市的衰落)”最适合作文章标题。
Ⅱ.完形填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。哥伦比亚的“失落之城”佩尔迪达城比马丘比丘还要古老。作者在导游的带领下和其他徒步旅行者历经千辛万苦抵达这座城市，一睹其神秘面貌，收获满满。
5．选D 根据下文中的“on foot: a tiring multi day hike”可知，到那里需要步行且需要花费几天时间。由此可知，没有火车或公共汽车，无法轻易到达这座城市的遗址。
6．选B 到达这个偏远地方的唯一方式是步行。accessible“可到达的”。
7．选A 根据下文提到作者进行了这次旅行可知，此处表示尽管有这个(困难)，作者还是无法拒绝参观佩尔迪达城的机会。
8．选A 作者和另外12个徒步旅行者在导游的陪同下前往那里。in company with“与……一起”。
9．选D 这条土路蜿蜒曲折，穿过高耸的棕榈树和悬挂的藤蔓。wind意为“蜿蜒，曲折而行”。
10．选C 根据语境可知，这条土路从一开始就颇具挑战性(challenging)。
11．选A 根据下文的“They have been left undisturbed for centuries”可知，作者他们在路上遇到了当地人(natives)。
12．选C 几个世纪以来，他们不曾被打扰，与这片土地有着深厚的关系(bond)。
13．选B 根据空前的“we were off early to”和空后的“but high temperatures”可知，此处表示作者他们趁着天不热早早出发。beat意为“避免，逃避”。
14．选C 当作者他们到达最后一段路程的时候，气温开始上升，浑身肌肉开始(set in)酸疼。watch out“小心，注意”；cut off“剪掉，中断”；give in“屈服，让步”。
15．选C 这段路需要走完1 200阶石阶。cover“行走(一段路程)”。
16．选C 最终，作者的目光落在了佩尔迪达城的景色上，而这正是作者进行这次艰苦旅行的原因。motivate“成为……的动机，是……的原因”。
17．选A 尽管返程需要克服(overcoming)他们因完成目标而懈怠的心理障碍，作者还是愿意再经历一次。
18．选B 根据语境可知，作者还是愿意再进行一次这样的旅行。
19．选A 根据作者这次旅行的经历和最后作者的感悟“Earned views are always better.”可知，困难让这次旅行变得更有意义(rewarding)。
Ⅲ.语法填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个考古发现：考古学家在墨西哥南部发现了一艘玛雅人的木船。
1．to be 考查固定短语。短语：(be) believed to be ...意为“被认为是……”。结合句意可知，此处指这艘木船被认为有1 000多年的历史。
2．Measuring 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，空处在句中作状语，此处measure“量度为”为系动词，不及物，没有被动语态，与句子主语it为主谓关系，故用现在分词形式，因其处于句首，所以首字母大写。
3．construction 考查名词。此处为名词作定语，修饰名词work。 construction work意为“建设工程”。
4．The 考查冠词。分析可知，此处指这艘木制的玛雅船的3D模型会被制作出来，所以表示特指，且空处位于句首，首字母要大写。
5．copies 考查名词复数。空前allow为动词，所以此处要用名词作宾语。copy“复制品”为可数名词，且空前无限定词，所以此处要用复数。
6．what 考查宾语从句。分析句子可知，空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作主语，意为“什么”，所以应填连接代词what。
7．between 考查固定短语。固定短语between ... and ...“在……(两者)之间”。结合句意可知，此处指船存在于公元830年至950年之间。
8．suffered 考查动词的时态。结合句意可知，此处在讲述过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。
9．dotted 考查非谓语动词。(be) dotted around “分散在……周围”，是固定用法。此处指城市分散在现代中美洲大陆周围。
10．but 考查连词。分析句意可知，空前和空后的内容为转折关系。
