(共107张PPT)
Section Ⅲ
Using language
NO 1
语法专区——落实“形式—意义—使用”三维动态语法观
NO 4
课时跟踪检测
目 录
NO 2
听说专区——在主题活动中提升语言技能
NO 3
新知学习/核心语言点集中释解
(语法项目——it作形式主语)
No.1 语法专区/落实“形式—意义—使用”三维动态语法观
初识语法——在美文运用中体悟
背美文 Dear Tom，
I'm writing to extend my sincere gratitude for you. It's been six years since I began to study English, but I still remember it was a difficulty for me to remember① new words at first. Although I tried every means, yet it was no use reciting② them over and over again.
背美文 It was very kind of you to offer③ me some useful suggestions. It turned out that④ these suggestions were of great benefit to me. It took me just one week to master⑤ proper methods of learning. It was a pity that⑥ I hadn't asked you for help earlier.It is important that⑦ students (should) learn English well, so with your help, I have made great progress.
Thanks again for your help.Best wishes.
Yours，
Li Hua
续表
续表
悟语法 ①使用了句型“It＋be＋名词＋for sb.＋to do sth.”，其中it作形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语；
②使用了句型“It＋be＋no use＋doing sth.”，其中it作形式主语，真正的主语是动名词短语；
③使用了句型“It＋be＋形容词＋of sb.＋ to do sth.”，其中it作形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语；
悟语法 ④使用了句型“It＋不及物动词＋that从句”，其中it作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句；
⑤使用了句型“It takes/took＋sb.＋时间＋to do sth.”，其中it作形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语；
⑥使用了句型“It＋be＋名词＋that从句”，其中it作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句；
⑦使用了句型“It＋be＋形容词＋that从句”，其中it作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。
续表
当不定式短语、动名词短语或从句等复杂成分用作句子主语时，为保持句子结构平衡，通常把真正的主语放在句末，而用形式主语it代替句子的逻辑主语。
慧学语法——在归纳演绎中学通
一、it代替不定式短语作形式主语
常用于以下句型中：
(1)It＋be＋形容词＋(for/of sb.)＋to do sth.
当句中的形容词描述的是事物的特征、特点，如important, easy, difficult, hard, necessary, unnecessary, possible等时，用介词for；当句中的形容词描述的是人的品格、品质，如kind, nice, wise, silly, polite, impolite, friendly, foolish, clever等时，用介词of，动作的逻辑主语和这些形容词可以构成主系表结构，因此此类句式也可转化为“sb.＋be＋形容词＋to do sth.”。
(2023·全国乙卷书面表达)It is necessary for us to master some basic living skills.
我们有必要掌握一些基本的生活技能。
It's very thoughtful of you to offer me this lovely holiday.
你能给我这么美好的假日，实在是想得太周到了。
(2)It＋be＋名词＋(for sb./sth.)＋to do sth.
It is good manners for students to greet their teachers.
学生向老师打招呼是礼貌的行为。
(3)It＋be＋介词短语＋to do sth.
It was against my principle to do that.
那样做是违反我的原则的。
(4)It takes/costs＋(sb.)＋时间/金钱＋to do sth.
It took us three hours to get there by bus.
乘公交车去那里花费了我们三个小时。
(5)It's up to sb.to do sth.“由某人决定做某事”
It's up to us to give them all the help we can.
我们理应竭尽所能地给予他们帮助。
(6)It's (not) like sb.to do sth.“(不)像某人那样的人会做某事”
It's not like Jim to be late for class.He's always on time.
吉姆可不是上课迟到的人。他总是准时。
(7)It's one's turn to do sth.“轮到某人做某事”
It was my turn to clean the blackboard.
轮到我擦黑板了。
二、it代替动名词短语作形式主语
常用于以下结构中：
It＋be＋no use/no good/no fun/useless/a waste of time ...＋doing sth.“做某事没有用/没有好处/没有意思/没有用/浪费时间……”。
It's no use arguing with him about the initiative we put forward at the meeting.
＝It's useless arguing with him about the initiative we put forward at the meeting.
和他争论我们在会上提出的倡议是没有用的。
三、it代替主语从句作形式主语
常用于以下结构中：
(1)It＋be＋形容词＋从句
当形容词是advisable (明智的), desirable, essential, important, natural, necessary, preferable, strange, urgent等时，从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即谓语使用“(should＋)动词原形”。
It is important that the work (should) be finished on time.
重要的是应该按时完成这项工作。
(2)It＋be＋名词＋从句
用于该句型中的名词主要有：a duty, a fact, a pity, a shame, an honor, a problem, a surprise, a wonder, common knowledge, good news, no wonder, our belief, our hope等。
It's a pity that I didn't think of it earlier.
我没有早一点这么想真是遗憾。
(3)It＋be＋过去分词＋从句
用于此句型的过去分词主要有：announced, believed, considered, decided, estimated, expected, hoped, known, learned, reported, said, thought等，且当过去分词是advised, recommended, suggested, ordered, demanded, required, requested等表示建议、命令、请求等词时，that后的从句要用虚拟语气，即谓语使用“(should＋)动词原形”。
It is reported that a seven-year-old girl won the game.
据报道，一个七岁的女孩赢了比赛。
(4)It＋be/不及物动词(appear, happen, look, seem, turn out等)＋that从句
It seems that the situation is quite serious.
似乎情况很严峻。
(5)It occurred/occurs to sb.＋that从句
It occurred to me that I left my wallet in the taxi.
我突然想到我把钱包忘在出租车里了。
(6)It doesn't matter＋what从句
It doesn't matter to me what he says.
对我来说，他说什么都无所谓。
(7)It remains to be seen＋if/whether从句。
It remains to be seen if/whether we can finish the project in such a short time.
我们能否在这么短的时间完成这项任务还得拭目以待。
[对点练]
(1)单句语法填空
①(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)It is very helpful __________ (improve) my confidence in writing.
②(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)___ happened that the plant downtown needed eight kids for temporary help during our spring break, for which I had no plans beyond listening to my favorite records.
to improve
It
③(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)You can't help wondering how hard it was for the people then _______ (put) all those rocks into place.
④It is necessary that one _____________ (wear) masks and clean hands frequently to combat disease.
⑤It is known to all ____ organic food rather than junk food is beneficial to our physical health.
to put
(should) wear
that
(2)完成句子
⑥I badly need to improve my oral English, so _______________
_______ a native speaker to learn from.
我急需提高我的英语口语，所以找一个以英语为母语的人学习对我来说是件好事。
⑦___________________________________________ in our daily life.
智能手机在我们日常生活中扮演重要的角色，这是事实。
it is great for me
to find
It is true that smartphones play an important role
⑧(2022·全国甲卷书面表达)As high school students, _________
____________________________.
作为高中生，保护海洋是我们的责任。
⑨It is suggested that _________________________________ until next week.
有人建议把运动会推迟到下周举行。
it's our
responsibility to protect oceans
the sports meeting (should) be put off
阅读下面短文，将其中带有下划线的句子改写成含有it作形式主语的句子。
New York City is one of the most multicultural and inclusive cities in the world.①____________________________________________________
___________________________________________ At the same time, you may experience culture shock when you suddenly find yourself in Italy.
活用语法——在针对训练中提能
To see people from all sorts of cultures walking in the streets
or travelling on the subway is not at all surprising.
②__________________________________________________________
________________ People from all over the world have gone to New York and made it their home.③_________________________________
________________________________________________________ New Yorkers are proud of their harmonious city.
Hearing people speaking their own language rather than English is
not at all unusual.
Settling down and finding a job in this
urban jungle is not so difficult if you are prepared to work hard.
④__________________________________________________________
_____ They enjoy giving and sharing mutual respect for one another and celebrate diversity.⑤_____________________________________
____________________________
That people with different beliefs work together is a common thing
here.
Therefore, coming to New York for direct
experience is quite worthwhile.
答案：
①It is not at all surprising to see people from all sorts of cultures walking in the streets or travelling on the subway.
②It is not at all unusual to hear people speaking their own language rather than English.
③It is not so difficult to settle down and find a job in this urban jungle if you are prepared to work hard.
④It is a common thing here that people with different beliefs work together.
⑤Therefore, it is quite worthwhile coming/to come to New York for direct experience.
No.2 听说专区/在主题活动中提升语言技能
教材听力 “三关过”
一、过词汇关——词块互译
1．look up the dictionary _______
2．make it into dictionaries ___________
3．the variations of English _________
4．make their way into English _____________
查词典
编入词典中
英语变体
出现在英语中
5．______________________ 在过去的几十年里
6．____________________ 和我的朋友外出就餐
7．_________________________ 在世界的另一边
8．______________________ 在……中起重要作用
over the last few decades
eat out with my friends
on the other side of the world
play an important role in
二、过泛听关——听教材录音选最佳答案
1．What's special about the word “Grockle”？
A．It's a coined word.
B．It's a regional word.
C．It's borrowed from other languages.
√
2．Where does Robbie often go for dinner
A．An Italian restaurant.
B．A Chinese restaurant.
C．A French restaurant.
3．What play an important role in bringing people together
A．Food and sports.
B．Language and games.
C．Shops and restaurants.
√
√
三、过精听关——依据教材听力完成句子
1．I guess ___________________________ are making it into dictionaries these days.
2．It is really amazing ____________________________ over the last few decades.
3．And actually, the changes ___________________________ we use, _______________ we now find in shops and restaurants.
4.______________, we're living in a global village.
more and more regional words
how much English has changed
don't just happen to the words
but also the food
As is often said
一、听力仿真训练
Ⅰ.听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
强化训练 “在平时”
1．What is the woman
A．An earthquake expert.
B．A soldier.
C．A volunteer.
2．Where does the woman come from
A．America. B．Spain. C．Mexico.
3．What is the woman doing
A．Begging for money.
B．Helping children with AIDS.
C．Raising money for African children.
4．When did the man move to the US
A．Eight years ago.
B．Three years ago.
C．Half a year ago.
5．What are the speakers mainly talking about
A．Endangered wildlife.
B．A new study.
C．An organization.
Ⅱ.听下面2段对话。每段对话后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．What did the woman help do in Ghana
A．Teach children at a school.
B．Build houses for the locals.
C．Care for wild animals.
7．What is the contact number of the volunteer programme
A．212-831-7172.
B．212-831-7272.
C．212-831-7372.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．What is the woman like
A．Adventurous.
B．Warm-hearted.
C．Ambitious.
9．What is the Love Kuching Project related to
A．Looking after cats.
B．Visiting the elderly.
C．Cleaning up the beaches.
10．What will the woman probably do next
A．Contact a project by e-mail.
B．Call a project to do voluntary work.
C．Call friends to try the Love Kuching Project.
答案：1～5 CCCAC 6～10 CBBAA
附：听力材料
(Text 1)
M：Hi, Jane.You've just been to the earthquake area, haven't you
W：Yes.①As a volunteer of the Red Cross, l went there with a medical team.
(Text 2)
W：Hi! Glad to meet you. ②I'm an exchange student from Mexico.
M：Cool. Could you help me practice my Spanish when you're in the United States
W：Sure. It's my pleasure.
(Text 3)
W：③Excuse me, sir, I am collecting for International Aid.Would you spare some money
M：Er ...What's International Aid
W：③It's an organization to help starving children in Africa.
M：OK, I'll see what I've got.
W：Thank you very much.
(Text 4)
W：Philip, could you tell me a little about your background
M：Well, I was born in Japan.④We moved to the US eight years ago. I graduated from high school three years ago. Now I'm at the University of California. I changed my major to business just half a year ago.
(Text 5)
W：Have you ever heard about Wildlife Warriors
M：Yes.⑤It's a charity that helps protect wildlife around the world.It works together with scientists to study how humans can protect wildlife better.
W：It's asking for donations now.I want to donate some money.
(Text 6)
M：Have you ever participated in any volunteer programmes
W：Yes.It's a programme in Ghana.⑥I spent most of my time taking care of wild animals.It's a good chance to experience the country's natural surroundings.
M：What else can participants do
W：They can also volunteer in primary schools, help build houses for the locals and grow farm produce.
M：Do you know their contact number
W：Yes，⑦212-831-7272.
M：Thank you.I'll try.
(Text 7)
W：Adam，⑧I want to do some volunteer work.Do you know of any good volunteer programmes
M：Yes.There are lots of programmes, such as visiting the elderly and cleaning up the beaches.Or do you like cats
W：Of course.
M：Then you can try the Love Kuching Project.⑨It is devoted to the rescue and adoption of cats.You can volunteer to play with the cats and clean their cages.
W：That's fine with me.I love volunteering with a small group of friends.⑩Do you know their phone numbers or addresses
M：No.But if you are interested, you can contact them on the Internet.⑩I'll send their e-mail address to you.
二、口语交际训练
(两个年轻人正在谈论如何打破边界、和谐共处……)
W：I hope there is no wall in the world ①___________________
______ (因为墙把人隔开了)．
M：Yes, I hope that ②___________________________ (我们能打破边界) and learn to live together in a more harmonious way.
W：I completely agree.I think one of the best ways to bring people together is studying abroad.
because walls divide
people
we can break down boundaries
M：Yeah.③_____________________________________________
_________ (看到来自不同国家的年轻人并不罕见) on our campus.
W：I also find it interesting to see ④_______________________
________________ (年轻人是如何走到一起的) by a love of sport.
M：One of the most popular sports in China right now is basketball.I love watching the CBA.
W：Me too.And I also like watching baseball games.
It is not unusual to see young people from different
countries
how young people are
brought together
|多积主题表达|
1．apply oneself to 致力于
2．be engaged in 参与到……中
3．devotion to the cause 对事业的投入
4．feel a sense of pride 感到一种自豪感
5．be moved to tears 感动得流眼泪
6．have a profound impact on 对……产生深远的影响
7．give me courage and confidence 给我勇气和信心
8．be overwhelmed with a profound sense of gratitude
充满深深的感激之情
9．It is love that makes the world go round and he felt it deep in his little heart.
正是爱让世界转动，他在心里深深地感受到了这一点。
10．That day, Mike learnt the biggest lesson of his life: it is always better to work as a team than to work alone.
那天，迈克学到了人生中最重要的一课：团队合作总比单干好。
1．The report analysed 200 films released in 2015 and 1,206 TV shows from 2014 to 2015, and discovered that to become a leading actor in Hollywood is now a more realistic hope for minority actors.
该报告分析了2015年上映的200部电影和2014年至2015年播出的1 206部电视剧，发现如今成为好莱坞的主角是少数族裔演员更现实的希望。
★minority n．少数派；少数；少数人；少数民族
No.3 新知学习/核心语言点集中释解
[用法感知]
①Only a minority of students are interested in the activity.
只有少数学生对这项活动感兴趣。
②Women are in the majority in the nursing profession while men in the minority.在护理行业，女性占多数而男性占少数。
③(名言警句)Do not give up good things though they may be minor matters.勿以善小而不为。
[归纳点拨]
(1)in a/the minority 占少数
a/the minority of 少数……
(2)minor adj. 较少的，较小的
(3)major adj. 大的，重要的
majority n. 大多数；大半
in a/the majority 占大多数
a/the majority of 大多数……
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
④It may be only a ________ (minor) of young people who play classical music.
⑤The ________ (major) of them took an online test before starting their programme.
⑥The majority _____ (be) in favour of banning smoking in public places.
minority
majority
is/are
⑦The majority of astronauts from America _________ (be) men in the last few years.
⑧Among the members of the committee those who are in favour of the plan are _____________.
委员会成员中赞成这项计划的占大多数。
[名师点津] “a/the majority/minority of＋名词”作主语时，其后谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数。the majority/minority作主语时，谓语动词既可以用复数，也可以用单数。
have been
in the majority
2．It was rewarding to see how our work helped bring people together from different cultures.
看到我们的工作如何帮助来自不同文化背景的人们团结在一起是很有意义的。
★rewarding adj.值得做的，有意义的
[用法感知]
①(2023·浙江1月高考写作)It is so rewarding an activity that we all look forward to another one.
这是一项非常有意义的活动，我们都期待着再有机会参加。
②In the past three years, he has been working hard on his lessons and his efforts will be rewarded with success in the end.
在过去的三年里他一直在努力学习，他的努力最终会得到成功。
③As a reward for our getting up early, we enjoyed the splendid sunrise by the seaside.
作为早起的回报，我们欣赏到了海边壮丽的日出景象。
[归纳点拨]
reward n． 报酬；回报；奖励
vt. 给以报酬；奖励；奖赏
in reward 作为回报
in reward for 作为对……的报酬/回报
as a reward (for) 作为(对……的)报酬/奖励
reward sb.with sth.for (doing) sth. 为(做)某事而用某物报答某人
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
④The company rewarded him ____ his years of service _____ a grand party and several presents.
⑤I don't expect anything ___ reward; I did it because I enjoyed it.
for
with
in
(2)一句多译
我送给他一本从上海买的书来答谢他的帮助。
⑥I gave him a book which I bought from Shanghai ____________
________.(reward n．)
⑦_____________________, I gave him a book which I bought from Shanghai.(reward n．)
⑧________________________ which I bought from Shanghai for his help.(reward v．)
in reward for
his help
As a reward for his help
I rewarded him with a book
Ⅰ.阅读理解
My husband Robert and I had volunteered to help build an irrigation (灌溉) system for bananas in Zambia.The Heart of Africa Mission is run by local Zambians, with a focus on community development.We were there to share our agricultural experience and knowledge with the African farmers.
No.4 课时跟踪检测
We left snow-covered Alberta, Canada in January.We spent the next four weeks working side by side with the local Zambians in a banana plantation (种植园)．The banana plantation would help make the Heart of Africa Mission self-supporting.It would also teach banana farming to the students there.Students would go on to teach others.It has done that and more.Through the jobs created, several families now have food, education for their children, and enough housing.The plantation is producing well and is a source of great pride for all who work there.
My husband worked hard at building the irrigation system.But the story he tells most often is of the young man who stopped us on one of our walks somewhere.He pointed to his bike, and laughing widely, told Robert, “Look, look, it still works.” Robert had repaired it for him.A bike in Zambia is like a truck in North America — necessary transportation for people and produce.Robert's small effort made a big difference in this man's life.
“We sure appreciate your sacrifice (牺牲)，” our organizer often says.For us it was never a sacrifice, only an honor to have the chance to work in a place so far from our own, to be able to exchange ideas and thoughts.All this happened while living in a beautiful sunny country in the green of the rainy season, while at home in Alberta, the snow would cover the landscape for months.No, the volunteer work was never a sacrifice.It was only an honor.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者和丈夫曾经远离家乡，自愿来到赞比亚帮助建立一个香蕉灌溉系统，在那里与非洲农民分享他们的农业知识和经验。
1．What can we learn about the author from the first paragraph
A．She likes to take adventures.
B．She is probably an expert in agriculture.
C．She started the Heart of Africa Mission.
D．She used to live in Africa for a long time.
√
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“We were there to share our agricultural experience and knowledge with the African farmers.”可知，作者在农业方面给了赞比亚极大的帮助，很可能是一名农业方面的专家。
2．Which of the following best describes the author's volunteer job
A．Costly. B．Tiring.
C．Challenging. D．Fruitful.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Through the jobs created, several families now have food, education for their children, and enough housing.”可知，作者的志愿者工作富有成效，为当地人带来了很大的收获。
√
3．Why did the young man stop the author and her husband
A．To ask for help.
B．To express his thanks.
C．To show his cycling skills.
D．To tell them about his work.
√
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Robert's small effort made a big difference in this man's life.”可知，罗伯特为这个年轻人修好了自行车，给他的生活带来了巨大的改变，他是为了感谢作者夫妇才拦住他们的。
4．Why did the author consider the volunteer work an honor
A．It enabled her to work harder.
B．It brought her public recognition.
C．It made her appreciate her life more.
D．It allowed her to experience different things.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“For us it was never a sacrifice, only an honor to have the chance to work in a place so far from our own, to be able to exchange ideas and thoughts.”可知，作者认为这份志愿者工作让她有不同的经历和体验，了解不同的思想和想法，所以是一种荣幸。
Ⅱ.完形填空
I still remember how my parents tried to cheer me up at Logan Airport 8 years ago when I was tearing up while waiting in line.I was 5 my year abroad in Finland, pretending to be brave while actually feeling 6 .
What I didn't 7 when I decided to go abroad was that I would meet people who would 8 the way I thought about life and the world.I 9 didn't expect to still be learning, 10 and changing as much as I am 8 years later because of that experience.
The biggest way being an exchange student 11 my life was through the people I met.I never would have come into contact with these friends from Finland and around the world 12 ， and I'm still in touch with them now.Spending time with them helped change my 13 greatly and helped me make some big decisions that led me to a point where I am 14 a career that I'm passionate about, improving my quality of life and 15 considering a big move!
Throughout my travels I was continuously 16 at how the people I was traveling with were those I met 8 years ago.It feels like we've never been apart.The 17 have withstood (经受住) 8 years and countless miles, and will continue to last.
Being an exchange student changed my life.The 18 I had and the bonds I formed while living far away from 19 and beyond my comfort zone in a foreign country really shaped me for the better.
语篇解读：本文是记叙文。“我”回忆起8年前在机场等候国际航班的情景：“我”一想到国外陌生的面孔就感到害怕，是父母的鼓励让“我”可以勇敢地面对生活。
5．A.returning from B．stopping at
C．leaving for D．arriving at
解析：根据下文“I decided to go abroad”可知，作者要前往芬兰。
√
6．A.calm B．frightened
C．angry D．excited
解析：根据上文“I was tearing up”和“pretending to be brave while actually feeling”可知，作者假装很勇敢，实际上却很害怕。
√
7．A.avoid B．believe
C．prefer D．expect
解析：根据下文“when I decided to go abroad was that I would meet people who would the way I thought about life and the world”和“didn't expect”可知，句子表示“当我决定出国时，我没有想到的是，我会遇到一些人，他们会改变我对生活和世界的看法”，空格处是“预料”。
√
8．A. change B．develop
C．follow D．favor
解析：根据下文“changing as much as I am 8 years later because of that experience”可知，句子表示“当我决定出国时，我没有想到的是，我会遇到一些人，他们会改变我对生活和世界的看法”。
√
9．A.hardly B．frequently
C．definitely D．surprisingly
解析：根据下文“didn't expect”可知，句子表示“我完全没有想到”，空格处意为“绝对，完全”。
√
10．A.competing B．growing
C．playing D．wandering
解析：根据上文“learning”和下文“changing”可知，因为那次经历，8年后的作者还在学习、成长和改变。
√
11．A.saved B．wasted
C．impacted D．ruined
解析：根据上文“I would meet people who would the way I thought about life and the world”可知，句子表示“作为交换生对我生活影响最大的方式是通过我遇到的人”。
√
12．A.anyway B．instead
C．then D．otherwise
解析：根据上文“I never would have come into contact with these friends from Finland and around the world”可知，句子表示“如果不是这样，我永远不会和这些来自芬兰和世界各地的朋友们联系，现在我仍然和他们保持着联系”，空格处意为“不然”。
√
13．A. perspective B．lifestyle
C．character D．appearance
解析：根据上文“changing as much as I am 8 years later because of that experience”可知，句子表示“和他们在一起的时间极大地改变了我的观点”。
√
14．A.imagining B．quitting
C．ending D．pursuing
解析：根据下文“a career that I'm passionate about”可知，此处表示“追求我热爱的职业”。
√
15．A.just B．still
C．seldom D．even
解析：根据下文“considering a big move”可知，此处表示“甚至考虑一个大的举动”。
√
16．A.disappointed B．embarrassed
C．shocked D．puzzled
解析：根据下文“the people I was traveling with were those I met 8 years ago.It feels like we've never been apart”可知，句子表示“我一直对和我同行的人竟然是我8年前遇到的那些人感到难以置信”。
√
17．A. friendships B．conversations
C．promises D．secrets
解析：根据上文“the people I was traveling with were those I met 8 years ago”和下文“the bonds I formed”可知，此处表示“这份友谊历经了8年的岁月和无数的里程”。
√
18．A.dreams B．pressures
C．experiences D．problems
解析：根据第二段的“because of that experience”可知，此处表示“我所拥有的经历和建立的纽带真的让我变得更好”。
√
19．A.ordinariness B．familiarity
C．loneliness D．anxiety
解析：根据下文“beyond my comfort zone in a foreign country”可知，句子表示“在异国他乡，远离我熟悉的地方，超越我的舒适区，我所拥有的经历和建立的纽带真的让我变得更好”。
√
Ⅲ.语法填空
At the 10th anniversary of China's Belt and Road initiative (BRI), the 1 (late) season of the travel reality show 2 (attract) a new-found interest in the special bridge in Croatia among viewers.
China and Croatia are far apart, 3 they were connected by the ancient Silk Road more than 700 years ago.In 2022, the Peljeac Bridge, 4 (build) by the China Road and Bridge Corporation, was 5 (official) completed and opened to traffic.It connects the northern and southern lands of Croatia, 6 has become a symbol of friendship and cooperation between Croatia and China.
Hai Tao, the head of the company, talked about the changes it has brought to local people's 7 (life)．He mentioned that people spent three hours in traveling to Dubrovnik, yet now 8 takes only half an hour to cross the bridge.It saves residents time, promotes local tourism 9 (develop) and increases job opportunities.
The bridge realizes “the centuries-old dream of 10 (connect) the south with the rest of Croatia” and its completion “gave the cooperation between Croatia and China a completely new dimension(方面)，” Croatian Prime Minister told Xinhua.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国援建的克罗地亚the Pelje?ac Bridge的意义和作用。
1．latest 考查形容词最高级。根据空后的名词season可知，空处应用形容词作定语，结合空前的the和句意可知，应用形容词的最高级形式。
2．has attracted 考查时态和主谓一致。空处作谓语，根据句意应用现在完成时，主语season为第三人称单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。
3．but 考查连词。根据语境可知，空格前后句为转折关系，应用连词but连接。
4．built 考查非谓语动词。空处作后置定语，修饰名词 the Peljeac Bridge且二者之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词。
5．officially 考查副词。 空处作状语，修饰动词completed and opened，应用副词形式。
6．which/and 考查定语从句或连词。 空格处引导定语从句，指代先行词the northern and southern lands of Croatia，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导从句；此外，本句也可以理解为connects the northern and southern lands of Croatia和has become a symbol of friendship and cooperation between Croatia and China是并列谓语，从而用and连接。
7．lives 考查名词复数。分析句子结构可知，空处应用名词作宾语，根据定语people's且life为可数名词可知，应填其复数形式。
8．it 考查代词。 it takes＋时间＋to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“花费时间做某事”，it为形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式。
9．development 考查名词。根据空前修饰词local tourism 可知，此处应填名词形式，且development“发展”为不可数名词。
10．connecting 考查非谓语动词。根据空格前的介词 of可知，应用动名词作宾语。11 / 11
Section Ⅲ Using language
语法项目——it作形式主语
初识语法——在美文运用中体悟
背美文 Dear Tom，I'm writing to extend my sincere gratitude for you. It's been six years since I began to study English, but I still remember it was a difficulty for me to remember① new words at first. Although I tried every means, yet it was no use reciting② them over and over again. It was very kind of you to offer③ me some useful suggestions. It turned out that④ these suggestions were of great benefit to me. It took me just one week to master⑤ proper methods of learning. It was a pity that⑥ I hadn't asked you for help earlier.It is important that⑦ students (should) learn English well, so with your help, I have made great progress. Thanks again for your help.Best wishes.Yours，Li Hua
悟语法 ①使用了句型“It＋be＋名词＋for sb.＋to do sth.”，其中it作形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语；②使用了句型“It＋be＋no use＋doing sth.”，其中it作形式主语，真正的主语是动名词短语；③使用了句型“It＋be＋形容词＋of sb.＋ to do sth.”，其中it作形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语；④使用了句型“It＋不及物动词＋that从句”，其中it作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句；⑤使用了句型“It takes/took＋sb.＋时间＋to do sth.”，其中it作形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语；⑥使用了句型“It＋be＋名词＋that从句”，其中it作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句；⑦使用了句型“It＋be＋形容词＋that从句”，其中it作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。
慧学语法——在归纳演绎中学通
当不定式短语、动名词短语或从句等复杂成分用作句子主语时，为保持句子结构平衡，通常把真正的主语放在句末，而用形式主语it代替句子的逻辑主语。
一、it代替不定式短语作形式主语
常用于以下句型中：
(1)It＋be＋形容词＋(for/of sb.)＋to do sth.
当句中的形容词描述的是事物的特征、特点，如important, easy, difficult, hard, necessary, unnecessary, possible等时，用介词for；当句中的形容词描述的是人的品格、品质，如kind, nice, wise, silly, polite, impolite, friendly, foolish, clever等时，用介词of，动作的逻辑主语和这些形容词可以构成主系表结构，因此此类句式也可转化为“sb.＋be＋形容词＋to do sth.”。
(2023·全国乙卷书面表达)It is necessary for us to master some basic living skills.
我们有必要掌握一些基本的生活技能。
It's very thoughtful of you to offer me this lovely holiday.
你能给我这么美好的假日，实在是想得太周到了。
(2)It＋be＋名词＋(for sb./sth.)＋to do sth.
It is good manners for students to greet their teachers.
学生向老师打招呼是礼貌的行为。
(3)It＋be＋介词短语＋to do sth.
It was against my principle to do that.
那样做是违反我的原则的。
(4)It takes/costs＋(sb.)＋时间/金钱＋to do sth.
It took us three hours to get there by bus.
乘公交车去那里花费了我们三个小时。
(5)It's up to sb.to do sth.“由某人决定做某事”
It's up to us to give them all the help we can.
我们理应竭尽所能地给予他们帮助。
(6)It's (not) like sb.to do sth.“(不)像某人那样的人会做某事”
It's not like Jim to be late for class.He's always on time.
吉姆可不是上课迟到的人。他总是准时。
(7)It's one's turn to do sth.“轮到某人做某事”
It was my turn to clean the blackboard.
轮到我擦黑板了。
二、it代替动名词短语作形式主语
常用于以下结构中：
It＋be＋no use/no good/no fun/useless/a waste of time ...＋doing sth.“做某事没有用/没有好处/没有意思/没有用/浪费时间……”。
It's no use arguing with him about the initiative we put forward at the meeting.
＝It's useless arguing with him about the initiative we put forward at the meeting.
和他争论我们在会上提出的倡议是没有用的。
三、it代替主语从句作形式主语
常用于以下结构中：
(1)It＋be＋形容词＋从句
当形容词是advisable (明智的), desirable, essential, important, natural, necessary, preferable, strange, urgent等时，从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即谓语使用“(should＋)动词原形”。
It is important that the work (should) be finished on time.
重要的是应该按时完成这项工作。
(2)It＋be＋名词＋从句
用于该句型中的名词主要有：a duty, a fact, a pity, a shame, an honor, a problem, a surprise, a wonder, common knowledge, good news, no wonder, our belief, our hope等。
It's a pity that I didn't think of it earlier.
我没有早一点这么想真是遗憾。
(3)It＋be＋过去分词＋从句
用于此句型的过去分词主要有：announced, believed, considered, decided, estimated, expected, hoped, known, learned, reported, said, thought等，且当过去分词是advised, recommended, suggested, ordered, demanded, required, requested等表示建议、命令、请求等词时，that后的从句要用虚拟语气，即谓语使用“(should＋)动词原形”。
It is reported that a seven-year-old girl won the game.
据报道，一个七岁的女孩赢了比赛。
(4)It＋be/不及物动词(appear, happen, look, seem, turn out等)＋that从句
It seems that the situation is quite serious.
似乎情况很严峻。
(5)It occurred/occurs to sb.＋that从句
It occurred to me that I left my wallet in the taxi.
我突然想到我把钱包忘在出租车里了。
(6)It doesn't matter＋what从句
It doesn't matter to me what he says.
对我来说，他说什么都无所谓。
(7)It remains to be seen＋if/whether从句。
It remains to be seen if/whether we can finish the project in such a short time.
我们能否在这么短的时间完成这项任务还得拭目以待。
[对点练]
(1)单句语法填空
①(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)It is very helpful ________(improve) my confidence in writing.
②(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)__________ happened that the plant downtown needed eight kids for temporary help during our spring break, for which I had no plans beyond listening to my favorite records.
③(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)You can't help wondering how hard it was for the people then ______________ (put) all those rocks into place.
④It is necessary that one______________ (wear) masks and clean hands frequently to combat disease.
⑤It is known to all __________ organic food rather than junk food is beneficial to our physical health.
(2)完成句子
⑥I badly need to improve my oral English, so ______________________________ a native speaker to learn from.
我急需提高我的英语口语，所以找一个以英语为母语的人学习对我来说是件好事。
⑦____________________________________________________ in our daily life.智能手机在我们日常生活中扮演重要的角色，这是事实。
⑧(2022·全国甲卷书面表达)As high school students, __________________________.
作为高中生，保护海洋是我们的责任。
⑨It is suggested that ___________________________________________ until next week.
有人建议把运动会推迟到下周举行。
活用语法——在针对训练中提能
阅读下面短文，将其中带有下划线的句子改写成含有it作形式主语的句子。
New York City is one of the most multicultural and inclusive cities in the world.①To_see_people_from_all_sorts_of_cultures_walking_in_the_streets_or_travelling_on_the_subway_is_not_at_all_surprising. At the same time, you may experience culture shock when
you suddenly find yourself in Italy.②Hearing_people_speaking_their_own_language_rather_than_English_is_not_at_all_unusual. People from all over the world have gone to New York and made it their home.③Settling_down_and finding_a_job_in_this_urban_jungle_is_not_so_difficult_if_you_are_prepared_to_work_hard. New Yorkers are proud of their harmonious city.④That_people_with_different_beliefs_work_together_is_a_common_thing_here. They enjoy giving and sharing mutual respect for one another and celebrate diversity.⑤Therefore,_coming_to_New_York_for_direct_experience_is_quite_worthwhile.
①
②
③
④
⑤
教材听力“三关过”
一、过词汇关——词块互译
1．look up the dictionary ______________
2．make it into dictionaries ______________
3．the variations of English ______________
4．make their way into English ______________
5．______________ 在过去的几十年里
6．______________ 和我的朋友外出就餐
7．______________ 在世界的另一边
8．______________ 在……中起重要作用
二、过泛听关——听教材录音选最佳答案
1．What's special about the word “Grockle”？( )
A．It's a coined word.
B．It's a regional word.
C．It's borrowed from other languages.
2．Where does Robbie often go for dinner？( )
A．An Italian restaurant.
B．A Chinese restaurant.
C．A French restaurant.
3．What play an important role in bringing people together？( )
A．Food and sports.
B．Language and games.
C．Shops and restaurants.
三、过精听关——依据教材听力完成句子
1．I guess ______________________________ are making it into dictionaries these days.
2．It is really amazing __________________________________ over the last few decades.
3．And actually, the changes ____________________________ we use, ______________ we now find in shops and restaurants.
4.____________， we're living in a global village.
强化训练“在平时”
一、听力仿真训练
Ⅰ.听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．What is the woman？( )
A．An earthquake expert.
B．A soldier.
C．A volunteer.
2．Where does the woman come from？( )
A．America. B．Spain. C．Mexico.
3．What is the woman doing？( )
A．Begging for money.
B．Helping children with AIDS.
C．Raising money for African children.
4．When did the man move to the US？( )
A．Eight years ago.
B．Three years ago.
C．Half a year ago.
5．What are the speakers mainly talking about？( )
A．Endangered wildlife.
B．A new study.
C．An organization.
Ⅱ.听下面2段对话。每段对话后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．What did the woman help do in Ghana？( )
A．Teach children at a school.
B．Build houses for the locals.
C．Care for wild animals.
7．What is the contact number of the volunteer programme？( )
A．212-831-7172.
B．212-831-7272.
C．212-831-7372.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．What is the woman like？( )
A．Adventurous.
B．Warm-hearted.
C．Ambitious.
9．What is the Love Kuching Project related to？( )
A．Looking after cats.
B．Visiting the elderly.
C．Cleaning up the beaches.
10．What will the woman probably do next？( )
A．Contact a project by e-mail.
B．Call a project to do voluntary work.
C．Call friends to try the Love Kuching Project.
二、口语交际训练
(两个年轻人正在谈论如何打破边界、和谐共处……)
W：I hope there is no wall in the world ①_______________________ (因为墙把人隔开了)．
M：Yes, I hope that ②______________________________ (我们能打破边界) and learn to live together in a more harmonious way.
W：I completely agree.I think one of the best ways to bring people together is studying abroad.
M：Yeah.③______________________________________________________ (看到来自不同国家的年轻人并不罕见) on our campus.
W：I also find it interesting to see ④______________________________________ (年轻人是如何走到一起的) by a love of sport.
M：One of the most popular sports in China right now is basketball.I love watching the CBA.
W：Me too.And I also like watching baseball games.
|多积主题表达|
1．apply oneself to 致力于
2．be engaged in 参与到……中
3．devotion to the cause 对事业的投入
4．feel a sense of pride 感到一种自豪感
5．be moved to tears 感动得流眼泪
6．have a profound impact on 对……产生深远的影响
7．give me courage and confidence 给我勇气和信心
8．be overwhelmed with a profound sense of gratitude充满深深的感激之情
9．It is love that makes the world go round and he felt it deep in his little heart.正是爱让世界转动，他在心里深深地感受到了这一点。
10．That day, Mike learnt the biggest lesson of his life: it is always better to work as a team than to work alone.那天，迈克学到了人生中最重要的一课：团队合作总比单干好。
1．The report analysed 200 films released in 2015 and 1,206 TV shows from 2014 to 2015, and discovered that to become a leading actor in Hollywood is now a more realistic hope for minority actors.
该报告分析了2015年上映的200部电影和2014年至2015年播出的1 206部电视剧，发现如今成为好莱坞的主角是少数族裔演员更现实的希望。
★minority n．少数派；少数；少数人；少数民族
[用法感知]
①Only a minority of students are interested in the activity.只有少数学生对这项活动感兴趣。
②Women are in the majority in the nursing profession while men in the minority.
在护理行业，女性占多数而男性占少数。
③(名言警句)Do not give up good things though they may be minor matters.勿以善小而不为。
[归纳点拨]
(1)in a/the minority 占少数
a/the minority of 少数……
(2)minor adj. 较少的，较小的
(3)major adj. 大的，重要的
majority n. 大多数；大半
in a/the majority 占大多数
a/the majority of 大多数……
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
④It may be only a __________ (minor) of young people who play classical music.
⑤The __________ (major) of them took an online test before starting their programme.
⑥The majority __________ (be) in favour of banning smoking in public places.
⑦The majority of astronauts from America __________ (be) men in the last few years.
⑧Among the members of the committee those who are in favour of the plan are ________________________________________________________________________.
委员会成员中赞成这项计划的占大多数。
[名师点津] “a/the majority/minority of＋名词”作主语时，其后谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数。the majority/minority作主语时，谓语动词既可以用复数，也可以用单数。
2．It was rewarding to see how our work helped bring people together from different cultures.看到我们的工作如何帮助来自不同文化背景的人们团结在一起是很有意义的。
★rewarding adj.值得做的，有意义的
[用法感知]
①(2023·浙江1月高考写作)It is so rewarding an activity that we all look forward to another one.这是一项非常有意义的活动，我们都期待着再有机会参加。
②In the past three years, he has been working hard on his lessons and his efforts will be rewarded with success in the end.在过去的三年里他一直在努力学习，他的努力最终会得到成功。
③As a reward for our getting up early, we enjoyed the splendid sunrise by the seaside.
作为早起的回报，我们欣赏到了海边壮丽的日出景象。
[归纳点拨]
reward n． 报酬；回报；奖励
vt. 给以报酬；奖励；奖赏
in reward 作为回报
in reward for 作为对……的报酬/回报
as a reward (for) 作为(对……的)报酬/奖励
reward sb.with sth.for (doing) sth. 为(做)某事而用某物报答某人
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
④The company rewarded him __________ his years of service __________ a grand party and several presents.
⑤I don't expect anything __________ reward; I did it because I enjoyed it.
(2)一句多译
我送给他一本从上海买的书来答谢他的帮助。
⑥I gave him a book which I bought from Shanghai _____________________________________________________________.(reward n．)
⑦____________________， I gave him a book which I bought from Shanghai.(reward n．)
⑧________________________ which I bought from Shanghai for his help.(reward v．)
Section Ⅲ
NO.1 语法专区
慧学语法
[对点练] ①to improve ②It ③to put ④(should) wear
⑤that ⑥it is great for me to find ⑦It is true that smartphones play an important role ⑧it's our responsibility to protect oceans ⑨the sports meeting (should) be put off
活用语法
①It is not at all surprising to see people from all sorts of cultures walking in the streets or travelling on the subway.
②It is not at all unusual to hear people speaking their own language rather than English.
③It is not so difficult to settle down and find a job in this urban jungle if you are prepared to work hard.
④It is a common thing here that people with different beliefs work together.
⑤Therefore, it is quite worthwhile coming/to come to New York for direct experience.
NO.2 听说专区
教材听力“三关过”
一、1.查词典 2.编入词典中 3.英语变体 4.出现在英语中
5．over the last few decades 6.eat out with my friends
7．on the other side of the world 8.play an important role in
二、1～3 BBA
三、1.more and more regional words 2.how much English has changed 3.don't just happen to the words; but also the food
4．As is often said
强化训练“在平时”
一、1～5 CCCAC 6～10 CBBAA
附：听力材料
(Text 1)
M：Hi, Jane.You've just been to the earthquake area, haven't you
W：Yes.①As a volunteer of the Red Cross, l went there with a medical team.
(Text 2)
W：Hi! Glad to meet you. ②I'm an exchange student from Mexico.
M：Cool. Could you help me practice my Spanish when you're in the United States
W：Sure. It's my pleasure.
(Text 3)
W：③Excuse me, sir, I am collecting for International Aid.Would you spare some money
M：Er ...What's International Aid
W：③It's an organization to help starving children in Africa.
M：OK, I'll see what I've got.
W：Thank you very much.
(Text 4)
W：Philip, could you tell me a little about your background
M：Well, I was born in Japan.④We moved to the US eight years ago. I graduated from high school three years ago. Now I'm at the University of California. I changed my major to business just half a year ago.
(Text 5)
W：Have you ever heard about Wildlife Warriors
M：Yes.⑤It's a charity that helps protect wildlife around the world.It works together with scientists to study how humans can protect wildlife better.
W：It's asking for donations now.I want to donate some money.
(Text 6)
M：Have you ever participated in any volunteer programmes
W：Yes.It's a programme in Ghana.⑥I spent most of my time taking care of wild animals.It's a good chance to experience the country's natural surroundings.
M：What else can participants do
W：They can also volunteer in primary schools, help build houses for the locals and grow farm produce.
M：Do you know their contact number
W：Yes，⑦212 831 7272.
M：Thank you.I'll try.
(Text 7)
W：Adam，⑧I want to do some volunteer work.Do you know of any good volunteer programmes
M：Yes.There are lots of programmes, such as visiting the elderly and cleaning up the beaches.Or do you like cats
W：Of course.
M：Then you can try the Love Kuching Project.⑨It is devoted to the rescue and adoption of cats.You can volunteer to play with the cats and clean their cages.
W：That's fine with me.I love volunteering with a small group of friends.⑩Do you know their phone numbers or addresses
M：No.But if you are interested, you can contact them on the Internet.⑩I'll send their e mail address to you.
二、①because walls divide people ②we can break down boundaries ③It is not unusual to see young people from different countries
④how young people are brought together
NO.3 新知学习
1．④minority ⑤majority ⑥is/are ⑦have been ⑧in the majority
2．④for; with ⑤in ⑥in reward for his help
⑦As a reward for his help ⑧I rewarded him with a book3 / 3
UNIT 4 课时检测(三) Using language
Ⅰ.阅读理解
My husband Robert and I had volunteered to help build an irrigation (灌溉) system for bananas in Zambia.The Heart of Africa Mission is run by local Zambians, with a focus on community development.We were there to share our agricultural experience and knowledge with the African farmers.
We left snow covered Alberta, Canada in January.We spent the next four weeks working side by side with the local Zambians in a banana plantation (种植园)．The banana plantation would help make the Heart of Africa Mission self supporting.It would also teach banana farming to the students there.Students would go on to teach others.It has done that and more.Through the jobs created, several families now have food, education for their children, and enough housing.The plantation is producing well and is a source of great pride for all who work there.
My husband worked hard at building the irrigation system.But the story he tells most often is of the young man who stopped us on one of our walks somewhere.He pointed to his bike, and laughing widely, told Robert, “Look, look, it still works.” Robert had repaired it for him.A bike in Zambia is like a truck in North America — necessary transportation for people and produce.Robert's small effort made a big difference in this man's life.
“We sure appreciate your sacrifice (牺牲)，” our organizer often says.For us it was never a sacrifice, only an honor to have the chance to work in a place so far from our own, to be able to exchange ideas and thoughts.All this happened while living in a beautiful sunny country in the green of the rainy season, while at home in Alberta, the snow would cover the landscape for months.No, the volunteer work was never a sacrifice.It was only an honor.
1．What can we learn about the author from the first paragraph
A．She likes to take adventures.
B．She is probably an expert in agriculture.
C．She started the Heart of Africa Mission.
D．She used to live in Africa for a long time.
2．Which of the following best describes the author's volunteer job
A．Costly. B．Tiring.
C．Challenging. D．Fruitful.
3．Why did the young man stop the author and her husband
A．To ask for help.
B．To express his thanks.
C．To show his cycling skills.
D．To tell them about his work.
4．Why did the author consider the volunteer work an honor
A．It enabled her to work harder.
B．It brought her public recognition.
C．It made her appreciate her life more.
D．It allowed her to experience different things.
Ⅱ.完形填空
I still remember how my parents tried to cheer me up at Logan Airport 8 years ago when I was tearing up while waiting in line.I was __5__ my year abroad in Finland, pretending to be brave while actually feeling __6__.
What I didn't __7__ when I decided to go abroad was that I would meet people who would __8__ the way I thought about life and the world.I __9__ didn't expect to still be learning, __10__ and changing as much as I am 8 years later because of that experience.
The biggest way being an exchange student __11__ my life was through the people I met.I never would have come into contact with these friends from Finland and around the world __12__， and I'm still in touch with them now.Spending time with them helped change my __13__ greatly and helped me make some big decisions that led me to a point where I am __14__ a career that I'm passionate about, improving my quality of life and __15__ considering a big move!
Throughout my travels I was continuously __16__ at how the people I was traveling with were those I met 8 years ago.It feels like we've never been apart.The __17__ have withstood (经受住) 8 years and countless miles, and will continue to last.
Being an exchange student changed my life.The __18__ I had and the bonds I formed while living far away from __19__ and beyond my comfort zone in a foreign country really shaped me for the better.
5.A.returning from B．stopping at
C．leaving for D．arriving at
6．A.calm B．frightened
C．angry D．excited
7．A.avoid B．believe
C．prefer D．expect
8．A.change B．develop
C．follow D．favor
9．A.hardly B．frequently
C．definitely D．surprisingly
10．A.competing B．growing
C．playing D．wandering
11．A.saved B．wasted
C．impacted D．ruined
12．A.anyway B．instead
C．then D．otherwise
13．A.perspective B．lifestyle
C．character D．appearance
14．A.imagining B．quitting
C．ending D．pursuing
15．A.just B．still
C．seldom D．even
16．A.disappointed B．embarrassed
C．shocked D．puzzled
17．A.friendships B．conversations
C．promises D．secrets
18．A.dreams B．pressures
C．experiences D．problems
19．A.ordinariness B．familiarity
C．loneliness D．anxiety
Ⅲ.语法填空
At the 10th anniversary of China's Belt and Road initiative (BRI), the __1__ (late) season of the travel reality show __2__ (attract) a new found interest in the special bridge in Croatia among viewers.
China and Croatia are far apart, __3__ they were connected by the ancient Silk Road more than 700 years ago.In 2022, the Peljeac Bridge, __4__ (build) by the China Road and Bridge Corporation, was __5__ (official) completed and opened to traffic.It connects the northern and southern lands of Croatia, __6__ has become a symbol of friendship and cooperation between Croatia and China.
Hai Tao, the head of the company, talked about the changes it has brought to local people's__7__ (life)．He mentioned that people spent three hours in traveling to Dubrovnik, yet now __8__ takes only half an hour to cross the bridge.It saves residents time, promotes local tourism __9__ (develop) and increases job opportunities.
The bridge realizes “the centuries old dream of __10__ (connect) the south with the rest of Croatia” and its completion “gave the cooperation between Croatia and China a completely new dimension(方面)，” Croatian Prime Minister told Xinhua.
UNIT 4 课时检测(三)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者和丈夫曾经远离家乡，自愿来到赞比亚帮助建立一个香蕉灌溉系统，在那里与非洲农民分享他们的农业知识和经验。
1．选B 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“We were there to share our agricultural experience and knowledge with the African farmers.”可知，作者在农业方面给了赞比亚极大的帮助，很可能是一名农业方面的专家。
2．选D 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Through the jobs created, several families now have food, education for their children, and enough housing.”可知，作者的志愿者工作富有成效，为当地人带来了很大的收获。
3．选B 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Robert's small effort made a big difference in this man's life.”可知，罗伯特为这个年轻人修好了自行车，给他的生活带来了巨大的改变，他是为了感谢作者夫妇才拦住他们的。
4．选D 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“For us it was never a sacrifice, only an honor to have the chance to work in a place so far from our own, to be able to exchange ideas and thoughts.”可知，作者认为这份志愿者工作让她有不同的经历和体验，了解不同的思想和想法，所以是一种荣幸。
Ⅱ.完形填空
语篇解读：本文是记叙文。“我”回忆起8年前在机场等候国际航班的情景：“我”一想到国外陌生的面孔就感到害怕，是父母的鼓励让“我”可以勇敢地面对生活。
5．选C 根据下文“I decided to go abroad”可知，作者要前往芬兰。
6．选B 根据上文“I was tearing up”和“pretending to be brave while actually feeling”可知，作者假装很勇敢，实际上却很害怕。
7．选D 根据下文“when I decided to go abroad was that I would meet people who would ________ the way I thought about life and the world”和“didn't expect”可知，句子表示“当我决定出国时，我没有想到的是，我会遇到一些人，他们会改变我对生活和世界的看法”，空格处是“预料”。
8．选A 根据下文“changing as much as I am 8 years later because of that experience”可知，句子表示“当我决定出国时，我没有想到的是，我会遇到一些人，他们会改变我对生活和世界的看法”。
9．选C 根据下文“didn't expect”可知，句子表示“我完全没有想到”，空格处意为“绝对，完全”。
10．选B 根据上文“learning”和下文“changing”可知，因为那次经历，8年后的作者还在学习、成长和改变。
11．选C 根据上文“I would meet people who would ________ the way I thought about life and the world”可知，句子表示“作为交换生对我生活影响最大的方式是通过我遇到的人”。
12．选D 根据上文“I never would have come into contact with these friends from Finland and around the world”可知，句子表示“如果不是这样，我永远不会和这些来自芬兰和世界各地的朋友们联系，现在我仍然和他们保持着联系”，空格处意为“不然”。
13．选A 根据上文“changing as much as I am 8 years later because of that experience”可知，句子表示“和他们在一起的时间极大地改变了我的观点”。
14．选D 根据下文“a career that I'm passionate about”可知，此处表示“追求我热爱的职业”。
15．选D 根据下文“considering a big move”可知，此处表示“甚至考虑一个大的举动”。
16．选C 根据下文“the people I was traveling with were those I met 8 years ago.It feels like we've never been apart”可知，句子表示“我一直对和我同行的人竟然是我8年前遇到的那些人感到难以置信”。
17．选A 根据上文“the people I was traveling with were those I met 8 years ago”和下文“the bonds I formed”可知，此处表示“这份友谊历经了8年的岁月和无数的里程”。
18．选C 根据第二段的“because of that experience”可知，此处表示“我所拥有的经历和建立的纽带真的让我变得更好”。
19．选B 根据下文“beyond my comfort zone in a foreign country”可知，句子表示“在异国他乡，远离我熟悉的地方，超越我的舒适区，我所拥有的经历和建立的纽带真的让我变得更好”。
Ⅲ.语法填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国援建的克罗地亚the Pelje?ac Bridge的意义和作用。
1．latest 考查形容词最高级。根据空后的名词season可知，空处应用形容词作定语，结合空前的the和句意可知，应用形容词的最高级形式。
2．has attracted 考查时态和主谓一致。空处作谓语，根据句意应用现在完成时，主语season为第三人称单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。
3．but 考查连词。根据语境可知，空格前后句为转折关系，应用连词but连接。
4．built 考查非谓语动词。空处作后置定语，修饰名词 the Pelje?ac Bridge且二者之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词。
5．officially 考查副词。 空处作状语，修饰动词completed and opened，应用副词形式。
6．which/and 考查定语从句或连词。 空格处引导定语从句，指代先行词the northern and southern lands of Croatia，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导从句；此外，本句也可以理解为connects the northern and southern lands of Croatia和has become a symbol of friendship and cooperation between Croatia and China是并列谓语，从而用and连接。
7．lives 考查名词复数。分析句子结构可知，空处应用名词作宾语，根据定语people's且life为可数名词可知，应填其复数形式。
8．it 考查代词。 it takes＋时间＋to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“花费时间做某事”，it为形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式。
9．development 考查名词。根据空前修饰词local tourism 可知，此处应填名词形式，且development“发展”为不可数名词。
10．connecting 考查非谓语动词。根据空格前的介词 of可知，应用动名词作宾语。
