(共97张PPT)
Section Ⅲ
Using language
NO 1
语法专区——落实“形式—意义—使用”三维动态语法观
NO 4
课时跟踪检测
目 录
NO 2
听说专区——在主题活动中提升语言技能
NO 3
新知学习/核心语言点集中释解
(语法项目——it作形式宾语)
No.1 语法专区/落实“形式—意义—使用”三维动态语法观
初识语法——在美文运用中体悟
背美文 I think it important to protect the environment①.But some people take it for granted that the resources are endless，which has caused great harm to nature②.Other people feel it urgent to preserve the environment and save resources③.Therefore，we should see to it that effective measures should be taken to prevent pollution④.At last，I think it our duty to protect the earth⑤.
续表
悟语法 以上各句中的it在句中都作形式宾语，①③⑤句中真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语，②④句中真正的宾语是后面的that从句。
当动词不定式(短语)、动词-ing(短语)或从句作宾语时，为了保持句子结构的平衡，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语后置。此时it无意义。
it作形式宾语常用于以下几种情况：
慧学语法——在归纳演绎中学通
1．动词＋it＋形容词/名词＋(for/of sb.)＋to do/从句
常用于该句型的动词有：think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, find, make, keep, regard等。
They considered it important to have the work done on time.
他们认为按时完成这项工作很重要。
We make it a rule to visit the old every weekend.
我们把每个周末都去拜访那些老人当作常规。
2．动词＋it＋no good/no use/useless/a waste of time ...＋doing ...
The professor considers it no good reading without understanding.
这位教授认为读书不求甚解不好。
He thought it no use trying to convince them.
他认为试图说服他们没有用。
3．动词＋it＋介词短语＋that ...
(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)I owed it to my teacher's guidance that I became interested in writing.
我把对写作产生兴趣归功于老师的指导。
Don't take it for granted that they will support you.
不要想当然地认为他们会支持你。
4．动词appreciate/hate/love/like/dislike等后面接if或when引导的从句作宾语时，常先接形式宾语it，再跟从句。
He will appreciate it if they will invite him.
如果他们邀请他，他将非常感激。
She hated it when he bragged that he was the most important.
她讨厌他吹嘘自己是最重要的。
[对点练] (完成句子)
①First of all, I __________________________________________ abroad.
首先，我认为在国外多交朋友是非常重要的。
②Susan ______________________ she wished to make a new life for herself.
苏珊明确向我表明，她想开启一段新生活。
think it very important to make more friends
made it clear to me that
③________________ you could help me learn English.
如果你能帮我学英语，我将感激不尽。
④I _____________________ with him.
我认为和他争论是没有用的。
⑤___________________________ Mike can succeed.
我们都想当然地认为迈克能成功。
I'd appreciate it if
think it no use arguing
We all take it for granted that
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式完成短文
Have you ever asked yourself why people often find ①___ difficult to learn English We consider it important ②________ (have)a good command of English.In particular, we think it very important ③_______ (learn) English and computer well in modern times.
活用语法——在针对训练中提能
it
to have
to learn
We should always keep it in mind ④_____ no knowledge gained is ever wasted.Our English teacher often makes use of English songs to teach us English.I find ⑤___ interesting to learn English and the efforts in learning it will finally pay off.
that
it
Ⅱ.用it作形式宾语改写下面语段
I think to be invited to speak here is my honor.I don't feel to understand Special English is difficult but some of my classmates feel to finish the work in such a short time is difficult.For example，Tom finds to write letters in English is difficult，but I think complaining is no good.We may turn to our teacher for help.She always thinks to help us is her duty.We would appreciate it if she could do us a favour.I find to work with her is pleasant.
答案：I think it my honor to be invited to speak here.I don't feel it difficult to understand Special English but some of my classmates feel it difficult to finish the work in such a short time.For example，Tom finds it difficult to write letters in English，but I think it no good complaining.We may turn to our teacher for help.She always thinks it her duty to help us.We would appreciate it if she could do us a favour.I find it pleasant to work with her.
No.2 听说专区/在主题活动中提升语言技能
教材听力 “三关过”
一、过词汇关——词块互译
1．_______ 消亡；灭绝
2．________________ 为……负责
3．______________ 补偿
4．____________ 根据
die out
be responsible for
compensate for
according to
5．check ... out _________
6．look on the bright side ______________
7．climate change _________
8．human activity _________
核实……
往好的方面看
气候变化
人类活动
二、过泛听关——听教材录音选最佳答案
1．What are they talking about
A．The bee population is declining.
B．The climate on Earth is undergoing changes.
C．Many wild animals are facing the danger of extinction.
√
2．What is the key role of bees
A．Producing honey.
B．Pollinating plants.
C．Protecting crops.
3．What's the main reason for the decline of bees
A．Human activity.
B．Climate change.
C．Serious pollution.
√
√
三、过精听关——依据教材听力完成句子
1．Bees are very important _________________.
2．But surely there are other ways of _____________________________.
3．_______________ they would be able to fully compensate for the loss of bees.
4．Animals that live on the crops would die out, and we _____________
_____________.
5．Well, in that case, we'd better do something ________________.
to our food supply
getting these crops to reproduce
It's unlikely that
wouldn't have
enough to eat
before it's too late
一、听力仿真训练
Ⅰ. 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
强化训练 “在平时”
1．What did the man do last weekend
A．He stayed at home and watched TV.
B．He attended a meeting.
C．He went to a greenhouse.
2．How does the man think they can protect the environment
A．By using public transport.
B．By driving their cars less.
C．By using their bikes.
3．What do the speakers most possibly do
A．Use less plastics.
B．Cut plastics out of life.
C．Collect plastics in the ocean.
4．How does the man feel about the environment
A．Sad. B．Surprised. C．Optimistic.
5．Why is the fish in danger of dying out
A．Because of over-fishing.
B．Because of water pollution.
C．Because of a natural disaster.
Ⅱ. 听下面2段对话。每段对话后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．What does the man think the land could become
A．Grassland. B．Desert. C．Farmland.
7．What will help the environment most according to the man
A．Better education of young people.
B．More resisting events.
C．More tree planting.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．What animal is in the video that the woman saw
A．A duck. B．A turtle. C．A fish.
9．What do scientists think could happen by 2050
A．There will be fewer fish in the sea than plastics.
B．50% of the fish in the ocean will die.
C．All businesses will stop using straws.
10．Where will the speakers go next
A．To a restaurant.
B．To a gift shop.
C．To a coffee shop.
答案： 1～5 BCAAA 6～10 BABAB
附：听力材料
(Text 1)
M：①I went to a meeting last weekend about global warming.What about you
W：I just stayed at home and watched TV.
(Text 2)
M：What do you think we can do to protect the environment
W：Well, for a start, we can use public transport instead of driving.
M：②Yes, or ride bikes.That would probably be more helpful because the traffic is so bad these days.
(Text 3)
M：We hear so much about the consequences of having too much waste plastic around us, don't we
W：Indeed, not only does it cause a mess, but also wildlife, particularly ocean animals, are at risk when they eat it.
M：Can't agree more! ③We should use plastics as little as possible.
(Text 4)
W：Have you seen this article about the environment
M：Yeah, I had a look.Our environment is so fragile.④It makes me sad just to think about it.
W：But luckily, the government has decided to take some measures.
(Text 5)
M：A kind of fish named the Brazilian Guitar Fish is in danger of dying out.
W：Why It is terrible!
M：⑤Because of over-fishing, the numbers have been largely reduced.
W：Well, in order to protect the sea resources, many countries have passed laws to limit the fishing season and the amount of fishing.
(Text 6)
M：Did you read about that country cutting down all its forests It worries me.
W：Why would that worry you
M：Because ecology is very important.I believe all living things depend on each other.
W：So if you destroy one thing, others will suffer
M：Yes, think of all the animals, insects and birds that depend on those forests.
W: Maybe that land will be better as farmland or grassland.Wouldn't you be happy with that
M：⑥No, because I fear it will become desert.It has happened in many other places.
W：But what can we do about it Organize some events to resist Plant more trees
M：⑦Maybe，but the main thing we need to do is educate young people about the need to care for the environment.
(Text 7)
M：That's strange.I didn't get a straw with my drink.
W：They don't use them anymore here.I'm never going to use a straw again.They end up in our oceans.
M：I know.I've seen pictures of ducks with straws in their throats.
W：⑧I just saw the saddest video.A turtle had a plastic straw stuck in its nose.It makes me feel terrible to think I may have contributed to that.⑨Scientists believe that by 2050, there will be more plastics in the ocean than fish.
M：Wow!
W：And we throw away 50% of the plastics immediately.It's so silly.
M：So, what should we do
W：People can switch to steel straws.You can clean them and use them again.
M：That will make a lot of people mad at first.
W：It's better than killing the fish in our oceans.⑩After we eat, I'll take you to a gift shop where they sell recycled products.It's just around the corner from this restaurant.
M：Great!
二、口语交际训练
W：Hi, Tom! You went to see a film last night, didn't you
M：I had intended to go with my sister, but she had an experiment in the lab.So I went to a concert instead.
W：How did you find the concert
M：Wonderful！The concert was called Saving the Wildlife. Many singers and dancers throughout the world performed ①___
________________________________ (为非洲的野生动物募捐)．
W：②___________ (太好了)!
M：As we know, ③______________________________________
____________________________ (食物的缺乏以及栖息地的破坏对野生动物有着严重的影响)．
to
collect money for wildlife in Africa
Pretty good
a lack of food and the damage of habitats
have a serious effect on wildlife
W：I agree with you.Due to hunting, ④______________________
__________ (野生动物的数目正在减少)．
M：You said it.Personally speaking, we can organize some meaningful activities ⑤_________________________________ (呼吁更多的人来保护它们)．In addition, the local government should draw up strict regulations.
the number of wildlife is
decreasing
to call on more people to protect them
|多积主题表达|
1．care for nature 关心自然
2．the source of life 生命之源
3．environment issues 环境问题
4．in energy savings 在节约能源方面
5．a lot of natural habitat(s) 许多自然栖息地
6．more resource and energy 更多资源和能源
7．raise the awareness of 提高……的意识
8．reduce carbon emission 减少碳排放
9．the modernization of agriculture 农业现代化
10．uncover the nature's mysteries 揭示大自然的奥秘
11．First, it's important to turn off taps and lights when we don't use them and recycle everything recyclable in our daily life.
首先，我们不用水龙头和电灯时关掉它们，并回收日常生活中可回收的东西，这两点很重要。
12．Let's all take action now and contribute to the prosperity of our mother — the earth.
让我们现在就采取行动，为我们的母亲——地球的繁荣做出贡献。
13．As we all know, our planet is our beautiful home, where wildlife and humans should live together harmoniously.
众所周知，我们的星球是我们美丽的家园，野生动物和我们人类应该和谐相处于这个美丽的家园。
14．Only if we human beings take some effective measures can wild animals be preserved.
只有我们人类采取一些有效的措施，野生动物才能得到保护。
1．Recent years have seen more and more pet sliders escaping or being released from homes, and some owners believe to release them into the wild is no big issue.
近年来，越来越多的宠物红耳龟从家里逃走或被放生，一些主人认为把它们放生到野外并不是什么大问题。
★escape vi.& vt.逃走；逃脱；避开；被遗忘；未被注意 n．逃跑；逃脱；解脱
No.3 新知学习/核心语言点集中释解
[用法感知]
①(“情绪描写”佳句)We just broke down and wept with tears of joy when we finally managed to escape.What a thrilling experience!
当我们最终成功逃脱时，我们禁不住喜极而泣。多么惊险的经历啊！
②No one can escape punishment/being punished if he breaks law.
天网恢恢，疏而不漏。
[归纳点拨]
(1)escape from/out of ... 从……逃走
escape (doing) sth. 逃避(做)某事(常用于被动语态)
escape sb. 被某人遗忘
(2)have a narrow escape 九死一生；死里逃生
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
③You are lucky to escape ________________________ (punish)．
④He escaped _____ prison, but was rearrested by the police a month later.
⑤They had ___ narrow escape when their car crashed.
punishment/being punished
from
a
⑥The good deeds the family next door did ___________________.
隔壁那家人所做的好事我永远也忘不了。
⑦With the help of rescue workers, many people managed to ________________________________________________________.
在救援人员的帮助下，许多人设法逃出了燃烧着的大楼，幸免一死。
will never escape me
escape from/out of the burning building and escape being killed
2．Producers absorb water and dissolved nutrients from the soil.
生产者从土壤中吸收水分和溶解的养分。
★absorb vt.吸收；吸引，使专心；使并入
[用法感知]
①(深刻说理句)We should learn from various civilizations, ancient and modern, and absorb benefits from them.
我们应当古今文明兼收并蓄，取其精华。
②He was so absorbed in his work that four hours had passed before he knew it.
他如此专注于工作，不知不觉四个小时就过去了。
[归纳点拨]
absorb ...from ... 从……中吸收……
absorb ...into ... 把……吸收入/并入……
absorb oneself in＝be absorbed in 专心于；全神贯注于
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/同义句转换)
③The surrounding small towns have been absorbed _____ the city.
④Absorbed __ painting, John didn't notice evening approaching.
⑤Plants absorb carbon dioxide ______ air and moisture from the soil.
into
in
from
⑥A weak ray of light came in through a small hole in the wall and he was absorbed in his reading.
→A weak ray of light came in through a small hole in the wall and he ____________________________.
absorbed himself in his reading
[联想发散] be absorbed in (doing) sth.结构在句中作状语、定语时，常用其过去分词形式absorbed in ...。类似的结构还有：
①be lost in ... 陷入……；专心致志于……
②be caught in ... 被困在……
③be buried in ... 埋头于……
④be devoted to ... 致力于……；专心于……
Ⅰ.阅读理解
When Carolyn Kurle first visited Alaska's Hawadax Island，then known as Rat Island，she immediately noticed the silence.“When you're on an island that's never had rats，it's just like birds everywhere — it's really loud，” she says.“So when you get to an island that does have rats, you really notice because it's cacophony versus quiet.”
No.4 课时跟踪检测
Nowadays Hawadax is once again a noisy place.Roughly a decade after a successful effort to rid the island of its predatory rodents (捕食性啮齿动物)，a mass of seabirds has returned.And the benefits have extended across the island's entire seashore ecosystem，which is again full of diverse life.These findings，published in Scientific Reports，show that certain ecosystems can recover with surprising speed if given the chance.
“This study is an example of something positive that can happen when we humans take action to clean up after ourselves，” says Kurle，who is lead author of the study and a conservation ecologist at the University of California，San Diego.“It also highlights how everything is interlinked, especially in coastal systems.”
The greedy rodents colonized Hawadax after a Japanese shipwreck in the 1780s, and they quickly wiped out seabird communities.Kurle's first findings, published in 2008, showed that the rats affected not just birds but the entire food chain — all the way down to algae (藻类)．Without birds to eat seashore invertebrates (无脊椎动物)，populations of snails and other species feeding on plants exploded and consumed much of the marine kelp (海洋海藻), which provides crucial habitat for other organisms.“Certain invasive species can have impacts beyond those that are most obvious，” Kurle says.
Those early findings inspired the US Fish and Wildlife Service，in partnership with The Nature Conservancy and Island Conservation，to wipe out the rats by dropping poison on Hawadax.Kurle and her colleagues secured funding to survey the island 5 and 11 years after taking the action.They found that its ecosystem had steadily recovered and now resembles that of other Aleutian Islands that were never invaded by rats，with significantly fewer marine invertebrates and much more kelp cover.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了捕食性啮齿类动物消失大约十年后，大批海鸟重新返回哈瓦达克斯岛。
1．What does the underlined word “cacophony” in paragraph 1 most probably mean
A．Silent island. B．Messy beach.
C．Limited space. D．Unpleasant sounds.
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词前面的“When you ... because it's”以及后面的versus quiet (与安静相对)可知，有老鼠的岛屿相对安静，而无鼠的岛屿(因为鸟多)则很嘈杂，因此cacophony的意思是“令人讨厌的声音”。上文中的loud亦是提示。
√
2．According to paragraph 4, which of the following can be important for organisms
A．Greedy rodents. B．Marine kelp.
C．Seashore invertebrates. D．Invasive species.
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第三句可知，海洋海藻对微生物是重要的。
√
3．Which of the following is not the effort made in the “Hawadax Island Case”
A．Setting traps and catching rats.
B．Raising money for follow-up study.
C．Joining hands with conservation groups.
D．Comparing Hawadax with other rat-free islands.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段提到的“他们与自然保护协会和岛屿保护协会合作，通过向哈瓦达克斯投下毒药来消灭老鼠。库尔勒和她的同事们获得了追踪调查这座岛屿的资金。他们发现它的生态系统已经稳步恢复，现在与其他从未被老鼠入侵的阿留申群岛相似”可知，“Hawadax Island Case”中的努力不包括设置陷阱和抓老鼠。
4．What is the main idea of this passage
A．Birds and rats cannot co-exist.
B．Rats are invasive species that must be rooted out.
C．Ecosystem is too delicate to restore itself once disturbed.
D．Removing invaders on land can benefit marine populations.
√
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲哈瓦达克斯的捕食性啮齿类动物消失大约十年后，大批海鸟又回来了。老鼠不仅影响鸟类，而且影响整个食物链——一直到藻类，因此，“清除陆地上的入侵者可以使海洋种群受益”符合文章主旨大意。
Ⅱ.完形填空
It is the eighth time this summer that Guo Xiunan has failed to grow vegetables without chemical pesticides.
“I will not give up 5 and next time, I shall conduct the 6 with mustard oil.” he says.
Covering 0.67 hectares of farmland and 1.33 hectares of woodland and wetland, his farm is located on the outskirts of Hefei, Anhui Province. He is trying to turn it into a(n) 7 farm, cultivating fruits and vegetables with the same 8 of those from his childhood memories.
“Growing tasty and healthy food has been my dream since I was a teenager.I know how 9 it can be.However, if you take the soil seriously, I believe it will 10 . ” Guo says.
He adds that farming is not a business that can make money in a short time, but for him, it became an 11 issue when his father was diagnosed with stomach cancer last year, ringing an alarm bell over food safety.Guo says overuse of pesticides and chemical fertilizers is 12 farming.It does not only damage the soil, but also people's health.
As well as 13 different strategies for cultivation on the farm himself, he has to develop 14 channels for his products.In March, he 15 his first post online to introduce his business.His account now has nearly 6,000 16 ， which is beyond his expectations.As people around him 17 his decision to till the land instead of working in the city, his followers were there to 18 him, just like they did through hard times on the farm.
“Maybe it is because I've realized their dream life, one that they dare not 19 . ” Guo says.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了安徽合肥的一位农民为实现有机农业的梦想不断奋斗的故事。
5．A.planning B．promoting
C．trying D．arranging
解析：根据第一段内容可知，郭秀男一直在尝试种植不使用化学农药的蔬菜，再结合下文“next time”可推知，他不会放弃尝试。
√
6．A.survey B．experiment
C．thought D．evaluation
解析：根据第一段内容可知，郭秀男一直在尝试不使用化学农药种植蔬菜，这是一种实验。
√
7．A. organic B．automatic
C．profitable D．temporary
解析：根据第一段中“grow vegetables without chemical pesticides”可推知，他在尝试不使用化学农药种植有机蔬菜，即把自己的农场变为有机农场。
√
8．A.function B．style
C．standard D．flavor
解析：根据下文“from his childhood memories”和“Growing tasty and healthy food has been my dream since I was a teenager.”可推知，郭秀男想要让自己种植的水果和蔬菜有童年记忆中的风味。
√
9．A. difficult B．beneficial
C．fantastic D．rewarding
解析：根据第一段内容可知，失败了这么多次仍未成功，说明要实现这个梦想很难。
√
10．A.fade away B．slow down
C．pay off D．move on
解析：根据上文“However”可知，上下文之间为转折关系。上文说实现梦想很难，再结合句中“I believe”可推知，郭秀男认为只要认真对待，土壤就会有所回报。
√
11．A.awesome B．urgent
C．unhealthy D．unbearable
解析：根据下文“when his father ... food safety”可知，他的父亲患胃癌后，他意识到食品安全的重要性和迫切性。
√
12．A.assisting B．changing
C．improving D．restricting
解析：根据下文“It does not only damage the soil, but also people's health.”可知，过度使用农药和化肥破坏了土壤，改变了农业。
√
13．A.setting up B．showing off
C．handing in D．figuring out
解析：根据第二段中“I shall conduct the with mustard oil”和下文“different strategies for cultivation”可推知，郭秀男要想出不同的种植策略。
√
14．A.entertainment B．news
C．marketing D．education
解析：根据下文“In March, he his first post online to introduce his business.”可知，他需要找到营销渠道。
√
15．A. uploaded B．arranged
C．found D．chose
解析：根据下文“his first post online”可知，他在网上上传了文章。
√
16．A.applicants B．followers
C．opponents D．employees
解析：根据上文“His account now has nearly 6,000”和下文“his followers were there to him”可知，此处指他的粉丝。
√
17．A. questioned B．discussed
C．consulted D．appreciated
解析：根据下文“to till the land instead of working in the city”可推知，他放弃城市工作机会到乡下种地，这引起了一些质疑。
√
18．A.neglect B．refuse
C．accompany D．encourage
解析：根据上文“his followers”以及下文“just like they did through hard times on the farm”可推知，粉丝们会鼓励他勇敢面对质疑。
√
19．A.resist B．recall
C．pursue D．accept
解析：根据上文“I've realized their dream life”可推知，郭秀男放弃城市工作机会到乡下种地，这是大多数人不敢去追求的生活，他认为自己帮助粉丝们实现了他们的梦想。
√
Ⅲ.语法填空
Camellias (山茶花) are available in a great range 1 colors — red, pink, white and mixed colors.For the longest time, the golden camellias lived in a valley 2 was unknown to the outside world.
In the 1960s, Chinese scientists announced their discovery of the golden camellias.It was an 3 (amaze) announcement for the international gardening community.Also, the discovery made 4 achievable to create yellow camellias, though creating a new kind of golden camellia was not very easy.
Unfortunately, in the past, golden camellias were cut down in large numbers because 5 (local) needed the limited land space for farming.In 1986, a nature reserve (自然保护区) 6 (build) in a mountain valley from 200 to 500 meters above sea level, so the camellias could be well protected.Years ago, Huang Zainian and his brothers took up the work.In the past 10 years, the Huang brothers have made a great 7 (contribute) in protecting the camellias.Even in hard times they didn't cut down any golden camellias.
Year after year, the Huang brothers spent much time working 8 eventually made their hard work pay off.Now the golden camellia is 9 city flower of Fangchenggang.And life for the Huang brothers is greatly improved by 10 (plant) golden camellias.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了金茶花的发现、保护和黄氏兄弟的贡献。
1．of 考查介词。a range of意为“一系列的”，为固定短语。
2．which/that 考查定语从句。 空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为“valley”，指物，关系词在定语从句中担当主语，应用关系代词which/that引导。
3．amazing 考查形容词。分析句子成分可知，空处应用形容词，修饰空后的“announcement”。动词amaze的形容词有两种形式：amazing“惊人的”，常修饰物；amazed“感到惊讶的”，常修饰人。此处修饰物，故填amazing。
4．it 考查it的用法。此处作形式宾语，代指真正的宾语“to create yellow camellias”，应用代词it。
5．locals 考查名词复数。local“当地人”为可数名词，空前无冠词，应用复数形式。
6．was built 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“In 1986”可知，应用一般过去时；主语“a nature reserve”为单数，和动词“build”之间存在被动关系，所以用被动语态。
7.contribution 考查名词。 此处考查固定短语make a great contribution to，意为“对……做出巨大贡献”。
8．and 考查连词。 空前“the Huang brothers spent much time working”和空后“eventually made their hard work pay off”之间为并列关系，应用and连接。
9．the 考查冠词。 此处修饰名词，表示特指，应用定冠词the 。
10．planting 考查非谓语动词。 此处作介词的宾语，应用动名词形式。8 / 8
Section Ⅲ Using language
语法项目——it作形式宾语
初识语法——在美文运用中体悟
背美文 I think it important to protect the environment①.But some people take it for granted that the resources are endless，which has caused great harm to nature②.Other people feel it urgent to preserve the environment and save resources③.Therefore，we should see to it that effective measures should be taken to prevent pollution④.At last，I think it our duty to protect the earth⑤.
悟语法 以上各句中的it在句中都作形式宾语，①③⑤句中真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语，②④句中真正的宾语是后面的that从句。
慧学语法——在归纳演绎中学通
当动词不定式(短语)、动词-ing(短语)或从句作宾语时，为了保持句子结构的平衡，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语后置。此时it无意义。
it作形式宾语常用于以下几种情况：
1．动词＋it＋形容词/名词＋(for/of sb.)＋to do/从句
常用于该句型的动词有：think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, find, make, keep, regard等。
They considered it important to have the work done on time.
他们认为按时完成这项工作很重要。
We make it a rule to visit the old every weekend.
我们把每个周末都去拜访那些老人当作常规。
2．动词＋it＋no good/no use/useless/a waste of time ...＋doing ...
The professor considers it no good reading without understanding.
这位教授认为读书不求甚解不好。
He thought it no use trying to convince them.
他认为试图说服他们没有用。
3．动词＋it＋介词短语＋that ...
(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)I owed it to my teacher's guidance that I became interested in writing.
我把对写作产生兴趣归功于老师的指导。
Don't take it for granted that they will support you.
不要想当然地认为他们会支持你。
4．动词appreciate/hate/love/like/dislike等后面接if或when引导的从句作宾语时，常先接形式宾语it，再跟从句。
He will appreciate it if they will invite him.
如果他们邀请他，他将非常感激。
She hated it when he bragged that he was the most important.
她讨厌他吹嘘自己是最重要的。
[对点练] (完成句子)
①First of all, I ____________________________________________ abroad.
首先，我认为在国外多交朋友是非常重要的。
②Susan ________________________ she wished to make a new life for herself.
苏珊明确向我表明，她想开启一段新生活。
③________________________ you could help me learn English.
如果你能帮我学英语，我将感激不尽。
④I ____________________________ with him.
我认为和他争论是没有用的。
⑤__________________________________ Mike can succeed.
我们都想当然地认为迈克能成功。
活用语法——在针对训练中提能
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式完成短文
Have you ever asked yourself why people often find ①__________ difficult to learn English We consider it important ②________ (have)a good command of English.In particular, we think it very important ③__________ (learn) English and computer well in modern times.We should always keep it in mind ④ __________ no knowledge gained is ever wasted.Our English teacher often makes use of English songs to teach us English.I find ⑤__________ interesting to learn English and the efforts in learning it will finally pay off.
Ⅱ.用it作形式宾语改写下面语段
I think to be invited to speak here is my honor.I don't feel to understand Special English is difficult but some of my classmates
feel to finish the work in such a short time is difficult.For example，Tom finds to write letters in English is difficult，but I think complaining is no good.We may turn to our teacher for help.She always thinks to help us is her duty.We would appreciate it if she could do us a favour.I find to work with her is pleasant.
教材听力“三关过”
一、过词汇关——词块互译
1．______________ 消亡；灭绝
2．______________ 为……负责
3．______________ 补偿
4．______________ 根据
5．check ... out ______________
6．look on the bright side ______________
7．climate change ______________
8．human activity ______________
二、过泛听关——听教材录音选最佳答案
1．What are they talking about？( )
A．The bee population is declining.
B．The climate on Earth is undergoing changes.
C．Many wild animals are facing the danger of extinction.
2．What is the key role of bees？( )
A．Producing honey.
B．Pollinating plants.
C．Protecting crops.
3．What's the main reason for the decline of bees？( )
A．Human activity.
B．Climate change.
C．Serious pollution.
三、过精听关——依据教材听力完成句子
1．Bees are very important ________________________________________________.
2．But surely there are other ways of ________________________________.
3．____________________ they would be able to fully compensate for the loss of bees.
4．Animals that live on the crops would die out, and we ____________________________.
5．Well, in that case, we'd better do something ________________________.
强化训练“在平时”
一、听力仿真训练
Ⅰ. 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．What did the man do last weekend？( )
A．He stayed at home and watched TV.
B．He attended a meeting.
C．He went to a greenhouse.
2．How does the man think they can protect the environment？( )
A．By using public transport.
B．By driving their cars less.
C．By using their bikes.
3．What do the speakers most possibly do？( )
A．Use less plastics.
B．Cut plastics out of life.
C．Collect plastics in the ocean.
4．How does the man feel about the environment？( )
A．Sad. B．Surprised. C．Optimistic.
5．Why is the fish in danger of dying out？( )
A．Because of over-fishing.
B．Because of water pollution.
C．Because of a natural disaster.
Ⅱ. 听下面2段对话。每段对话后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．What does the man think the land could become ( )
A．Grassland. B．Desert. C．Farmland.
7．What will help the environment most according to the man？( )
A．Better education of young people.
B．More resisting events.
C．More tree planting.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．What animal is in the video that the woman saw？( )
A．A duck. B．A turtle. C．A fish.
9．What do scientists think could happen by 2050？( )
A．There will be fewer fish in the sea than plastics.
B．50% of the fish in the ocean will die.
C．All businesses will stop using straws.
10．Where will the speakers go next？( )
A．To a restaurant.
B．To a gift shop.
C．To a coffee shop.
二、口语交际训练
W：Hi, Tom! You went to see a film last night, didn't you
M：I had intended to go with my sister, but she had an experiment in the lab.So I went to a concert instead.
W：How did you find the concert
M：Wonderful！The concert was called Saving the Wildlife.Many singers and dancers throughout the world performed ①__________________________________ (为非洲的野生动物募捐)．
W：②____________________ (太好了)!
M：As we know, ③________________________________________________________ (食物的缺乏以及栖息地的破坏对野生动物有着严重的影响)．
W：I agree with you.Due to hunting, ④__________________________________________ (野生动物的数目正在减少)．
M：You said it.Personally speaking, we can organize some meaningful activities ⑤________________________________________ (呼吁更多的人来保护它们)．In addition, the local government should draw up strict regulations.
|多积主题表达|
1．care for nature 关心自然
2．the source of life 生命之源
3．environment issues 环境问题
4．in energy savings 在节约能源方面
5．a lot of natural habitat(s) 许多自然栖息地
6．more resource and energy 更多资源和能源
7．raise the awareness of 提高……的意识
8．reduce carbon emission 减少碳排放
9．the modernization of agriculture 农业现代化
10．uncover the nature's mysteries 揭示大自然的奥秘
11．First, it's important to turn off taps and lights when we don't use them and recycle everything recyclable in our daily life.
首先，我们不用水龙头和电灯时关掉它们，并回收日常生活中可回收的东西，这两点很重要。
12．Let's all take action now and contribute to the prosperity of our mother — the earth.
让我们现在就采取行动，为我们的母亲——地球的繁荣做出贡献。
13．As we all know, our planet is our beautiful home, where wildlife and humans should live together harmoniously.
众所周知，我们的星球是我们美丽的家园，野生动物和我们人类应该和谐相处于这个美丽的家园。
14．Only if we human beings take some effective measures can wild animals be preserved.
只有我们人类采取一些有效的措施，野生动物才能得到保护。
1．Recent years have seen more and more pet sliders escaping or being released from homes, and some owners believe to release them into the wild is no big issue.
近年来，越来越多的宠物红耳龟从家里逃走或被放生，一些主人认为把它们放生到野外并不是什么大问题。
★escape vi.& vt.逃走；逃脱；避开；被遗忘；未被注意 n．逃跑；逃脱；解脱
[用法感知]
①(“情绪描写”佳句)We just broke down and wept with tears of joy when we finally managed to escape.What a thrilling experience!
当我们最终成功逃脱时，我们禁不住喜极而泣。多么惊险的经历啊！
②No one can escape punishment/being punished if he breaks law.
天网恢恢，疏而不漏。
[归纳点拨]
(1)escape from/out of ... 从……逃走
escape (doing) sth. 逃避(做)某事(常用于被动语态)
escape sb. 被某人遗忘
(2)have a narrow escape 九死一生；死里逃生
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
③You are lucky to escape ________________ (punish)．
④He escaped ______________ prison, but was rearrested by the police a month later.
⑤They had __________ narrow escape when their car crashed.
⑥The good deeds the family next door did __________________________________.
隔壁那家人所做的好事我永远也忘不了。
⑦With the help of rescue workers, many people managed to _____________________
________________________________________________________________________.
在救援人员的帮助下，许多人设法逃出了燃烧着的大楼，幸免一死。
2．Producers absorb water and dissolved nutrients from the soil.
生产者从土壤中吸收水分和溶解的养分。
★absorb vt.吸收；吸引，使专心；使并入
[用法感知]
①(深刻说理句)We should learn from various civilizations, ancient and modern, and absorb benefits from them.
我们应当古今文明兼收并蓄，取其精华。
②He was so absorbed in his work that four hours had passed before he knew it.
他如此专注于工作，不知不觉四个小时就过去了。
[归纳点拨]
absorb ...from ... 从……中吸收……
absorb ...into ... 把……吸收入/并入……
absorb oneself in＝be absorbed in 专心于；全神贯注于
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/同义句转换)
③The surrounding small towns have been absorbed __________ the city.
④Absorbed __________ painting, John didn't notice evening approaching.
⑤Plants absorb carbon dioxide __________ air and moisture from the soil.
⑥A weak ray of light came in through a small hole in the wall and he was absorbed in his reading.
→A weak ray of light came in through a small hole in the wall and he __________________.
[联想发散] be absorbed in (doing) sth.结构在句中作状语、定语时，常用其过去分词形式absorbed in ...。类似的结构还有：
①be lost in ... 陷入……；专心致志于……
②be caught in ... 被困在……
③be buried in ... 埋头于……
④be devoted to ... 致力于……；专心于……
Section Ⅲ
NO.1 语法专区
慧学语法
[对点练] ①think it very important to make more friends
②made it clear to me that ③I'd appreciate it if
④think it no use arguing ⑤We all take it for granted that
活用语法
Ⅰ.①it ②to have ③to learn ④that ⑤it
Ⅱ.I think it my honor to be invited to speak here.I don't feel it difficult to understand Special English but some of my classmates feel it difficult to finish the work in such a short time.For example，Tom finds it difficult to write letters in English，but I think it no good complaining.We may turn to our teacher for help.She always thinks it her duty to help us.We would appreciate it if she could do us a favour.I find it pleasant to work with her.
NO.2 听说专区
教材听力“三关过”
一、1.die out 2.be responsible for 3.compensate for 4.according to 5.核实…… 6.往好的方面看 7.气候变化 8.人类活动
二、1～3 ABA
三、1.to our food supply 2.getting these crops to reproduce
3．It's unlikely that 4.wouldn't have enough to eat
5．before it's too late
强化训练“在平时”
一、 1～5 BCAAA 6～10 BABAB
附：听力材料
(Text 1)
M：①I went to a meeting last weekend about global warming.What about you
W：I just stayed at home and watched TV.
(Text 2)
M：What do you think we can do to protect the environment
W：Well, for a start, we can use public transport instead of driving.
M：②Yes, or ride bikes.That would probably be more helpful because the traffic is so bad these days.
(Text 3)
M：We hear so much about the consequences of having too much waste plastic around us, don't we
W：Indeed, not only does it cause a mess, but also wildlife, particularly ocean animals, are at risk when they eat it.
M：Can't agree more! ③We should use plastics as little as possible.
(Text 4)
W：Have you seen this article about the environment
M：Yeah, I had a look.Our environment is so fragile.④It makes me sad just to think about it.
W：But luckily, the government has decided to take some measures.
(Text 5)
M：A kind of fish named the Brazilian Guitar Fish is in danger of dying out.
W：Why It is terrible!
M：⑤Because of over fishing, the numbers have been largely reduced.
W：Well, in order to protect the sea resources, many countries have passed laws to limit the fishing season and the amount of fishing.
(Text 6)
M：Did you read about that country cutting down all its forests It worries me.
W：Why would that worry you
M：Because ecology is very important.I believe all living things depend on each other.
W：So if you destroy one thing, others will suffer
M：Yes, think of all the animals, insects and birds that depend on those forests.
W：Maybe that land will be better as farmland or grassland.Wouldn't you be happy with that
M：⑥No, because I fear it will become desert.It has happened in many other places.
W：But what can we do about it Organize some events to resist Plant more trees
M：⑦Maybe，but the main thing we need to do is educate young people about the need to care for the environment.
(Text 7)
M：That's strange.I didn't get a straw with my drink.
W：They don't use them anymore here.I'm never going to use a straw again.They end up in our oceans.
M：I know.I've seen pictures of ducks with straws in their throats.
W：⑧I just saw the saddest video.A turtle had a plastic straw stuck in its nose.It makes me feel terrible to think I may have contributed to that.⑨Scientists believe that by 2050, there will be more plastics in the ocean than fish.
M：Wow!
W：And we throw away 50% of the plastics immediately.It's so silly.
M：So, what should we do
W：People can switch to steel straws.You can clean them and use them again.
M：That will make a lot of people mad at first.
W：It's better than killing the fish in our oceans.⑩After we eat, I'll take you to a gift shop where they sell recycled products.It's just around the corner from this restaurant.
M：Great!
二、①to collect money for wildlife in Africa ②Pretty good ③a lack of food and the damage of habitats have a serious effect on wildlife
④the number of wildlife is decreasing
⑤to call on more people to protect them
NO.3 新知学习
1．③punishment/being punished ④from ⑤a ⑥will never escape me
⑦escape from/out of the burning building and escape being killed
2．③into ④in ⑤from ⑥absorbed himself in his reading4 / 4
UNIT 5 课时检测(三) Using language
Ⅰ.阅读理解
When Carolyn Kurle first visited Alaska's Hawadax Island，then known as Rat Island，she immediately noticed the silence.“When you're on an island that's never had rats，it's just like birds everywhere — it's really loud，” she says.“So when you get to an island that does have rats, you really notice because it's cacophony versus quiet.”
Nowadays Hawadax is once again a noisy place.Roughly a decade after a successful effort to rid the island of its predatory rodents (捕食性啮齿动物)，a mass of seabirds has returned.And the benefits have extended across the island's entire seashore ecosystem，which is again full of diverse life.These findings，published in Scientific Reports, show that certain ecosystems can recover with surprising speed if given the chance.
“This study is an example of something positive that can happen when we humans take action to clean up after ourselves，” says Kurle，who is lead author of the study and a conservation ecologist at the University of California，San Diego.“It also highlights how everything is interlinked, especially in coastal systems.”
The greedy rodents colonized Hawadax after a Japanese shipwreck in the 1780s, and they quickly wiped out seabird communities.Kurle's first findings, published in 2008, showed that the rats affected not just birds but the entire food chain — all the way down to algae (藻类)．Without birds to eat seashore invertebrates (无脊椎动物), populations of snails and other species feeding on plants exploded and consumed much of the marine kelp (海洋海藻), which provides crucial habitat for other organisms.“Certain invasive species can have impacts beyond those that are most obvious，” Kurle says.
Those early findings inspired the US Fish and Wildlife Service，in partnership with The Nature Conservancy and Island Conservation，to wipe out the rats by dropping poison on Hawadax.Kurle and her colleagues secured funding to survey the island 5 and 11 years after taking the action.They found that its ecosystem had steadily recovered and now resembles that of other Aleutian Islands that were never invaded by rats，with significantly fewer marine invertebrates and much more kelp cover.
1．What does the underlined word “cacophony” in paragraph 1 most probably mean
A．Silent island. B．Messy beach.
C．Limited space. D．Unpleasant sounds.
2．According to paragraph 4, which of the following can be important for organisms
A．Greedy rodents.
B．Marine kelp.
C．Seashore invertebrates.
D．Invasive species.
3．Which of the following is not the effort made in the “Hawadax Island Case”
A．Setting traps and catching rats.
B．Raising money for follow up study.
C．Joining hands with conservation groups.
D．Comparing Hawadax with other rat free islands.
4．What is the main idea of this passage
A．Birds and rats cannot co exist.
B．Rats are invasive species that must be rooted out.
C．Ecosystem is too delicate to restore itself once disturbed.
D．Removing invaders on land can benefit marine populations.
Ⅱ.完形填空
It is the eighth time this summer that Guo Xiunan has failed to grow vegetables without chemical pesticides.
“I will not give up ___5__ and next time, I shall conduct the __6___ with mustard oil.” he says.
Covering 0.67 hectares of farmland and 1.33 hectares of woodland and wetland, his farm is located on the outskirts of Hefei, Anhui Province.He is trying to turn it into a(n) __7__ farm, cultivating fruits and vegetables with the same __8__ of those from his childhood memories.
“Growing tasty and healthy food has been my dream since I was a teenager.I know how ___9__ it can be.However, if you take the soil seriously, I believe it will ___10__. ” Guo says.
He adds that farming is not a business that can make money in a short time, but for him, it became an __11__ issue when his father was diagnosed with stomach cancer last year, ringing an alarm bell over food safety.Guo says overuse of pesticides and chemical fertilizers is __12__ farming.It does not only damage the soil, but also people's health.
As well as __13__ different strategies for cultivation on the farm himself, he has to develop __14__ channels for his products.In March, he __15__ his first post online to introduce his business.His account now has nearly 6,000 __16__， which is beyond his expectations.As people around him __17__ his decision to till the land instead of working in the city, his followers were there to __18__ him, just like they did through hard times on the farm.
“Maybe it is because I've realized their dream life, one that they dare not __19__. ” Guo says.
5.A.planning B．promoting
C．trying D．arranging
6．A.survey B．experiment
C．thought D．evaluation
7．A.organic B．automatic
C．profitable D．temporary
8．A.function B．style
C．standard D．flavor
9．A.difficult B．beneficial
C．fantastic D．rewarding
10．A.fade away B．slow down
C．pay off D．move on
11．A.awesome B．urgent
C．unhealthy D．unbearable
12．A.assisting B．changing
C．improving D．restricting
13．A.setting up B．showing off
C．handing in D．figuring out
14．A.entertainment B．news
C．marketing D．education
15．A.uploaded B．arranged
C．found D．chose
16．A.applicants B．followers
C．opponents D．employees
17．A.questioned B．discussed
C．consulted D．appreciated
18．A.neglect B．refuse
C．accompany D．encourage
19．A.resist B．recall
C．pursue D．accept
Ⅲ.语法填空
Camellias (山茶花) are available in a great range ___1__ colors — red, pink, white and mixed colors.For the longest time, the golden camellias lived in a valley ___2__ was unknown to the outside world.
In the 1960s, Chinese scientists announced their discovery of the golden camellias.It was an __3__ (amaze) announcement for the international gardening community.Also, the discovery made __4__ achievable to create yellow camellias, though creating a new kind of golden camellia was not very easy.
Unfortunately, in the past, golden camellias were cut down in large numbers because ___5__ (local) needed the limited land space for farming.In 1986, a nature reserve (自然保护区) __6__ (build) in a mountain valley from 200 to 500 meters above sea level, so the camellias could be well protected.Years ago, Huang Zainian and his brothers took up the work.In the past 10 years, the Huang brothers have made a great __7__ (contribute) in protecting the camellias.Even in hard times they didn't cut down any golden camellias.
Year after year, the Huang brothers spent much time working __8__ eventually made their hard work pay off.Now the golden camellia is __9__ city flower of Fangchenggang.And life for the Huang brothers is greatly improved by __10__ (plant) golden camellias.
UNIT 5 课时检测(三)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了捕食性啮齿类动物消失大约十年后，大批海鸟重新返回哈瓦达克斯岛。
1．选D 词义猜测题。根据画线词前面的“When you ... because it's”以及后面的versus quiet (与安静相对)可知，有老鼠的岛屿相对安静，而无鼠的岛屿(因为鸟多)则很嘈杂，因此cacophony的意思是“令人讨厌的声音”。上文中的loud亦是提示。
2．选B 细节理解题。根据第四段第三句可知，海洋海藻对微生物是重要的。
3．选A 细节理解题。根据最后一段提到的“他们与自然保护协会和岛屿保护协会合作，通过向哈瓦达克斯投下毒药来消灭老鼠。库尔勒和她的同事们获得了追踪调查这座岛屿的资金。他们发现它的生态系统已经稳步恢复，现在与其他从未被老鼠入侵的阿留申群岛相似”可知，“Hawadax Island Case”中的努力不包括设置陷阱和抓老鼠。
4．选D 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲哈瓦达克斯的捕食性啮齿类动物消失大约十年后，大批海鸟又回来了。老鼠不仅影响鸟类，而且影响整个食物链——一直到藻类，因此，“清除陆地上的入侵者可以使海洋种群受益”符合文章主旨大意。
Ⅱ.完形填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了安徽合肥的一位农民为实现有机农业的梦想不断奋斗的故事。
5．选C 根据第一段内容可知，郭秀男一直在尝试种植不使用化学农药的蔬菜，再结合下文“next time”可推知，他不会放弃尝试。
6．选B 根据第一段内容可知，郭秀男一直在尝试不使用化学农药种植蔬菜，这是一种实验。
7．选A 根据第一段中“grow vegetables without chemical pesticides”可推知，他在尝试不使用化学农药种植有机蔬菜，即把自己的农场变为有机农场。
8．选D 根据下文“from his childhood memories”和“Growing tasty and healthy food has been my dream since I was a teenager.”可推知，郭秀男想要让自己种植的水果和蔬菜有童年记忆中的风味。
9．选A 根据第一段内容可知，失败了这么多次仍未成功，说明要实现这个梦想很难。
10．选C 根据上文“However”可知，上下文之间为转折关系。上文说实现梦想很难，再结合句中“I believe”可推知，郭秀男认为只要认真对待，土壤就会有所回报。
11．选B 根据下文“when his father ... food safety”可知，他的父亲患胃癌后，他意识到食品安全的重要性和迫切性。
12．选B 根据下文“It does not only damage the soil, but also people's health.”可知，过度使用农药和化肥破坏了土壤，改变了农业。
13．选D 根据第二段中“I shall conduct the________with mustard oil”和下文“different strategies for cultivation”可推知，郭秀男要想出不同的种植策略。
14．选C 根据下文“In March, he________ his first post online to introduce his business.”可知，他需要找到营销渠道。
15．选A 根据下文“his first post online”可知，他在网上上传了文章。
16．选B 根据上文“His account now has nearly 6,000”和下文“his followers were there to____________him”可知，此处指他的粉丝。
17．选A 根据下文“to till the land instead of working in the city”可推知，他放弃城市工作机会到乡下种地，这引起了一些质疑。
18．选D 根据上文“his followers”以及下文“just like they did through hard times on the farm”可推知，粉丝们会鼓励他勇敢面对质疑。
19．选C 根据上文“I've realized their dream life”可推知，郭秀男放弃城市工作机会到乡下种地，这是大多数人不敢去追求的生活，他认为自己帮助粉丝们实现了他们的梦想。
Ⅲ.语法填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了金茶花的发现、保护和黄氏兄弟的贡献。
1．of 考查介词。a range of意为“一系列的”，为固定短语。
2．which/that 考查定语从句。 空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为“valley”，指物，关系词在定语从句中担当主语，应用关系代词which/that引导。
3．amazing 考查形容词。分析句子成分可知，空处应用形容词，修饰空后的“announcement”。动词amaze的形容词有两种形式：amazing“惊人的”，常修饰物；amazed“感到惊讶的”，常修饰人。此处修饰物，故填amazing。
4．it 考查it的用法。此处作形式宾语，代指真正的宾语“to create yellow camellias”，应用代词it。
5．locals 考查名词复数。local“当地人”为可数名词，空前无冠词，应用复数形式。
6．was built 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“In 1986”可知，应用一般过去时；主语“a nature reserve”为单数，和动词“build”之间存在被动关系，所以用被动语态。
7．contribution 考查名词。 此处考查固定短语make a great contribution to，意为“对……做出巨大贡献”。
8．and 考查连词。 空前“the Huang brothers spent much time working”和空后“eventually made their hard work pay off”之间为并列关系，应用and连接。
9．the 考查冠词。 此处修饰名词，表示特指，应用定冠词the 。
10．planting 考查非谓语动词。 此处作介词的宾语，应用动名词形式。
