(共91张PPT)
Section Ⅲ
Using language
NO 1
语法专区——落实“形式—意义—使用”三维动态语法观
NO 4
课时跟踪检测
目 录
NO 2
听说专区——在主题活动中提升语言技能
NO 3
新知学习/核心语言点集中释解
(语法项目——“疑问词＋-ever”与“no matter＋
疑问词”引导的状语从句)
No.1 语法专区/落实“形式—意义—使用”三维动态语法观
初识语法——在美文运用中体悟
背美文 Wherever① we live, we may experience fire in our life. So here are some tips for you to follow if you are caught in a fire.
To begin with, whenever② the fire breaks out, you should calm down and whoever③ keeps calm can help phone 119 to ask for help.
背美文 Besides, however④ many people there are, you should not panic but escape from the exit in order.What's more, whomever⑤ you are with in the fire, you should learn to help each other. As we all know, fire and water have no mercy. So it is necessary for you to learn and master some knowledge of self-rescue and first aid.
悟语法 ①Wherever引导让步状语从句，可与No matter where互换；
②whenever引导让步状语从句，可与no matter when互换；
③whoever 引导主语从句，不可以换成no matter who；
④however引导让步状语从句，可与no matter how互换；
⑤whomever引导让步状语从句，可与no matter whom互换。
续表
一、让步状语从句的含义
在复合句中作让步状语的从句称为让步状语从句。让步状语从句中不用将来时，根据句子所表达含义的需要，可以用一般时、完成时、进行时等。用来引导让步状语从句的从属连词有：although, though, while, as, even though, even if，“疑问词＋-ever”及“no matter＋疑问词”等。
慧学语法——在归纳演绎中学通
Although/Though it was raining hard, the boys went on playing football.
虽然雨下得很大，男孩们还是继续踢足球。
While we admit that there are problems, we don't agree that they cannot be solved.虽然我们承认存在问题，但我们并不认为这些问题不能解决。
Hard as she studied, she failed in the exam again.
尽管她学习很努力，但她在考试中再次失败了。
Whoever (No matter who) you are, you must keep the law.不管你是谁，你必须遵守法律。
二、“疑问词＋-ever”及“no matter＋疑问词”引导的让步状语从句
1．引导词及其含义
whatever no matter what 无论什么，不管什么
whoever no matter who 无论谁，不管什么人
whomever no matter whom 无论谁
whichever no matter which 无论哪个，无论哪些
however no matter how 不管怎样，无论如何
whenever no matter when 无论何时
wherever no matter where 无论什么地方，在任何地方
2．“疑问词＋-ever”与“no matter＋疑问词”引导从句的用法比较
“疑问词＋-ever”既可以引导让步状语从句，又可以引导名词性从句；“no matter＋疑问词”一般情况下只能引导让步状语从句。
[对点练]
(1)同义句转换
①To his upset, no matter what he does, he can't meet his parents' satisfaction.
→To his upset,________________, he can't meet his parents' satisfaction.
②Wherever I go, I will miss my hometown where I had a happy childhood.
→___________________, I will miss my hometown where I had a happy childhood.
whatever he does
No matter where I go
③No matter which topic you choose, you should make full preparations for it.
→________________________, you should make full preparations for it.
④Whomever you buy the gift for, what is the most important is not the price of it but your friendship.
→_______________________________, what is the most important is not the price of it but your friendship.
Whichever topic you choose
No matter whom you buy the gift for
(2)用适当的引导词完成句子
⑤_________ breaks the record deserves to be awarded at the sports meeting.
⑥_______________________ wins the gold medal, the coach will feel happy and proud.
Whoever
Whoever/No matter who
⑦As we all know，_________ university you can enter mainly depends on your performance in the College Entrance Examination.
⑧_________________________ university you are admitted into, you should learn to adapt to the new surroundings and classmates as soon as possible.
⑨I also water the flowers in the yard and tidy up my own bedroom ___________________ necessary.
whichever
Whichever/No matter which
no atter hen/whenever
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．____________________________on my way to success, I never gave up and went all out for my dream university.(as)
尽管我在通往成功的路上遇到过很多困难，但我从未放弃，一直为了我梦想中的大学全力以赴。
活用语法——在针对训练中提能
A lot of difficulties as I met with
2．___________________________________________ for further education, you're welcome to my home.
无论你什么时候来中国留学，都欢迎你来我家。
3．_________________________________________，I'll always support you.
不管你做什么决定，我都会支持你。
No matter when/Whenever you come to China
Whatever/No matter what decisions you make
4．If we work with a strong will，we can overcome any difficulty,
__________________________.
如果我们以坚强的意志工作，无论困难有多大，我们都能克服。
no atter ow/however great it is
Ⅱ.根据括号内的汉语提示补全短文
Our school will hold a sports meeting next week.Although I am not good at sports, I still challenge myself and take part in the marathon.①___________________ (无论我是赢还是输), this is a good chance for me.Mom often talks to me, “②_______________________ ______ (不管你做什么), you must be very careful.”
Whether I win or lose
Whatever/No matter what
you do
③_________________ (不管她说什么) has left me much to think. ④___________________________________________ (无论什么时候我遇到困难), she always cheers me up.My mother will also wait for me ⑤___________________________ (无论我在哪里)．⑥_________ _________________________(无论结果如何), I will go all out to compete in the game.
Whatever she says
wherever/no matter where I am
No matter
what/Whatever the result is
Whenever/No matter when I encounter difficulties
No.2 听说专区/在主题活动中提升语言技能
教材听力 “三关过”
一、过词汇关——词块互译
1．_____________ 熟悉
2．___________ 熬过(困难的时期)
3．____________ 面对
4．________________________ 寻找解决问题的方法
be familiar with
get through
in the face of
seek ways to solve problems
5．________ 猎取；寻找
6．____________ 惊讶于
7．_______________ 保证自己的安全
8．make a fire _____
9．play a vital part in ... __________________
10．look more upon the bright side ________________
hunt for
be amazed by
keep oneself safe
生火
在……中起重要作用
多看看光明的一面
二、过泛听关——听教材录音选最佳答案
1．What are they talking about
A．Survival guide.
B．Good qualities.
C．The story of Robinson Crusoe.
2．How many years did Crusoe live on the island
A．2 years. B．8 years. C．28 years.
3．What does Crusoe's words reflect
A．His positive attitude.
B．His patience and perseverance.
C．His calmness in the face of the difficult situation.
答案：1～3 CCA
三、过精听关——依据教材听力完成句子
1．Well,______________, one important thing for his survival is his calmness in the face of the difficult situation.
2．___________________, with his gun and the rice, he can hunt for and grow his own food.
3．___________________, he ______________a much harder time there!
4.And it's really good advice we should all ____________________
_____.
the way I see it
Just as you mentioned
Without those things
would have had
follow in the face of a
crisis
一、听力仿真训练
Ⅰ. 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．What is the probable relationship between the speakers
A．Doctor and patient.
B．Husband and wife.
C．Parent and child.
强化训练 “在平时”
2．Why does the man come here
A．To visit the woman.
B．To see Dr White.
C．To check Dr White's schedule.
3．What probably is the woman
A．A student. B．A nurse. C．A teacher.
4．Where does the conversation take place
A．At home. B．At the doctor's. C．At the man's office.
5．What's wrong with the man
A．He caught a cold.
B．He drank too little water.
C．He took the wrong medicine.
Ⅱ.听下面2段对话。每段对话后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．What does the man offer to do for the woman
A．Stay home with her.
B．Make her some food.
C．Drive her to a friend's house.
7．How did the woman probably get sick
A．From her colleague.
B．From the man.
C．From John.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．Where are the speakers
A．In the doctor's office. B．In the ski field.
C．In the drugstore.
9．What happened to the woman according to the man
A．She hurt herself while skiing.
B．She lifted something too heavy.
C．She stretched out her back too much.
10．What's the main reason for the woman to teach ski lessons
A．She loves skiing.
B．Her office job is boring.
C．She needs holiday expenses.
答案：1～5 ABABA 6～10 BAABC
附：听力材料
(Text 1)
M：Good morning.①What seems to be the problem
W：Good morning. ①I feel terrible. I've got a cold and I have a pain here on my neck. I'm not sleeping well either.
(Text 2)
M：Hello, ②I'm here to see Dr White.
W：What time is your appointment
M：One thirty.
W：You're a little early. Have a seat in the waiting room. I'll call you when Dr White is ready.
(Text 3)
M：What happened in your chemistry class
W：It was an accident.③One of my classmates broke a bottle of chemical liquid and burnt his hand. Luckily he was sent to the hospital at once. It is not serious now.
(Text 4)
M：I have a sore throat and a runny nose. I think I have a cold.
W：④OK. Let me examine you. Over here, please. Open your mouth, please. OK. You've caught the flu and I think you'd better ask for sick leave from work and have a rest at home.
(Text 5)
M：What's wrong with me I can't stop shaking, and I feel so cold and tired.
W：⑤You've caught a bad cold. I'm afraid you have to stay in bed for three days and drink plenty of water. Here's some medicine.
(Text 6)
M：Do you want to go over to John's house tonight
W：No, I think I'm getting sick, so I should probably just stay at home and rest.
M：Oh, okay. You should drink some water and stay warm. ⑥Would you like me to make you some soup
W：No, thanks. I'm not hungry. I might just go to sleep, actually. I had to get up very early this morning for a meeting.⑦One of my co-workers seemed ill, so I might have gotten sick from her.
(Text 7)
W：The pain began when I was skiing. It was a dull pain in my back at first, but it has gotten worse now. Usually I love skiing, but that was a bad day.
M：Did you lift anything heavy in the days before skiing You may have hurt it then and not known until you started doing something stressful.
W：I helped my brother move the week before. ⑨Maybe I hurt myself, lifting a sofa or a box. I think I would have felt the pain earlier, though.
M：⑨It is probably how you got hurt. ⑧I'll schedule some tests before you go, but it is important that you take it easy until we know what happened.You should also stop in the drugstore and buy some mild pain medication. I'll refer you to a movement doctor as well. He will show you some movements to reduce your pain.
W：That would be great. I need to get back to work as soon as possible.
M：It says here on the sheet that you are a ski instructor. I don't recommend that you continue difficult activities like skiing until we know what is wrong.
W：Yes, I have been teaching ski lessons part-time during the winter.⑩I always need extra money for the holidays. My normal job is in an office though, so I have plenty of rest there. It's very boring.
二、口语交际训练
W：Do you think climate change ①_______________ (对……负有责任) the recent floods
M：It could be.There are floods in this country almost every year, but in recent years they have been more widespread and more frequent.
W：②_____________________ (毫无疑问) the climate in this country is changing.
is responsible for
There is no doubt that
M：The summers are hotter.The last three summers have been the hottest for the past 200 years.There ③________________________
______ (风力也更强了)．
W：I think the changing climate is a sign that we ④ ___________
_______________ (正对……产生可怕的影响) the environment.
have also been stronger
winds
are having a
terrible effect on
M：I think you're right.Climate naturally changes over time, but I think ⑤______________________________________________ (是人类活动正在加速着这些变化)．I wish governments would join together and try to resolve the problem.
W：Me too.If we don't do something soon, it might be too late.
it is human activities that are speeding up the changes
|多积主题表达|
1．energy crisis 能源危机
2．sustainable development 可持续发展
3．take urgent measures 采取紧急措施
4．be faced with extinction 面临灭绝
5．an increase in population 人口的增长
6．the battle to save the planet 拯救地球的战斗
7．in the traditional chemical way 以传统的化学方法
8．become a threat to our mankind 成为我们人类的威胁
9．respect for all living creatures 对所有生物的尊重
10．There would be no life without water. 没有水就没有生命。
11．Only when we live in harmony with nature can we save ourselves.
只有当我们与自然和谐相处时，我们才能拯救自己。
12．As a result of destroying the forests, a large quantity of desert has covered the land.
由于森林遭到破坏，大面积的沙漠覆盖了耕地。
13．Global warming is having a great effect on hundreds of animal and plant species around the world.
全球变暖正在对世界各地数百种动植物物种造成巨大影响。
14．All animals and plants are important, because each species contributes to the formation of a variety of life on the Earth and plays an important role in maintaining life.
所有动植物都很重要，因为每一个物种都有助于地球上各种生命的形成，并在维持生命方面发挥着重要作用。
1．How do people and organisations react to these crises？人们和组织机构对这些危机作何反应？
★react v．(作出)反应
[用法感知]
①(“建议”类写作佳句)Only when we react to emergencies in life calmly can we solve problems in a better way.只有当我们冷静应对生活中的紧急状况时，我们才能更好地解决问题。
No.3 新知学习/核心语言点集中释解
②Iron reacts with water and air to produce rust.
铁和水及空气发生化学反应产生铁锈。
③(“情绪描写”佳句) Nancy's first reaction to the news was a strange mixture of joy and anger.
南希听到这个消息后的第一反应是既高兴又愤怒。
[归纳点拨]
(1)react with ... 与……发生化学反应
react to ... 对……作出反应；回应
react against 反对，反抗
react on ... 对……有影响，使……发生变化
(2)reaction n. 反应；回应
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
④He was surprised that his question should have caused such a strong ________ (react)．
⑤Some metals can react _____ cold water, such as potassium, sodium and calcium.
reaction
with
⑥They were not sure how the local people would react ___ the new type of music.
⑦You really ____________________________________________. After all he meant no harm to you.
对于他对你的评论，你真的不应该做出如此激烈的反应。毕竟他并没有恶意。
to
shouldn't have reacted to his comment so violently
2．Temperatures are rising, and nations are failing to respond to it.
气温正在上升，而各国未能对此作出反应。
★respond to对……作出反应/回应
[用法感知]
①(总结升华句)Volunteer service teaches me to be patient and loving, and how to respond to different people.
志愿者服务教会我要有耐心、有爱心，以及如何回应不同的人。
②(“动作描写”佳句)I smiled and nodded to him but he didn't make any response.
我微笑着向他点点头，但他没有做出任何回应。
③(经典导入句)In response to your curiosity of the kites in China, I am writing to introduce this traditional Chinese craft.
为了回应你对中国风筝的好奇，我写信向你介绍这种传统的中国工艺。
[归纳点拨]
(1)respond to ...with sth./by doing sth.
以某事/做某事对……作出反应/回应
(2)response n． 回答，答复；反应
in response to 对……作出反应
[应用融会] (单句语法填空)
④To her satisfaction, thousands of readers responded ___ their questionnaires.
⑤The boy's ________ (respond) to the quarrel was to leave the room and shut the door angrily.
⑥Millions of people gave freely ___ response to the appeal for the victims of the earthquake.
to
response
in
3．Plus, it also includes a free poster illustrating new plans to get rid of the Ebola virus once and for all.
此外，它还包括一张免费的海报，展示了彻底清除埃博拉病毒的新计划。
★get rid of 摆脱，除去
[用法感知]
①I was all at sea and didn't know how to get rid of such an embarrassing situation.
我茫然失措，不知道该怎么摆脱这种令人尴尬的局面。
②(深刻说理句) It is not easy to rid oneself of a bad habit.
除去恶习不是容易的事。
[归纳点拨]
rid oneself of ... 使某人自己摆脱……；某人从……中解脱
be rid of 摆脱；除去(状态)
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
③We are advised to rid ourselves ___ carelessness, for it often leads to trouble.
of
④Faced with so many people, I ______________________________ fears.面对这么多人，我深深地吸了一口气，使自己摆脱恐惧。
⑤Go outdoors and play sports with your friends as physical exercise is _________________________ anger.去户外和朋友们一起做运动，因为体育锻炼是平息愤怒的一种有效方法。
took a deep breath to rid myself of
an effective way to get rid of
Ⅰ.阅读理解
To humans, roads mean connection and escape; to other life-forms, they spell death and division.A half-century ago, just 3 percent of land animals met their end on a road; by 2017 the number had greatly doubled.
No.4 课时跟踪检测
Considering the outsize effects of roads, it's perhaps surprising that they didn't truly receive their scientific due until the late 20th century.In 1993, Richard Forman, a landscape ecologist, coined an English term“road ecology”， defined loosely as the study of “how life changes for plants and animals with a road and traffic nearby”. As the 1990s wore on, road ecology gained steam.
Like most people, I cherish animals and think nothing of piloting a 3,000-pound death machine.One summer, in Alaska, I hit a songbird — a death I didn't discover until I found the delicate splash of feathers the next day.I'd killed it unconsciously.But I could do nothing.
Road ecology offers one path through this thicket (灌木丛)．North America and Europe constructed their road networks with little regard for how they would affect nature.Today, in theory, we know better.Road ecology has revealed the danger of thoughtless development and pointed us toward solutions.Over the last several decades, its practitioners have constructed bridges for bears, tunnels (隧道) for turtles.In Kenya, elephants move slowly beneath highways and railroads via passages as tall as two-story houses.
And road ecology has yielded more than crossings：We've also learned to map and protect the migrations of certain animals, to design roadsides that nourish bees and butterflies — proof that old mistakes need not be permanent.
Today we're entering a period that might fairly be considered the golden age of road ecology.The coming years will undoubtedly be transformative ones for our road network.Still, whether we can ever truly undo the harms of our concrete-coated world is far less certain.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们开始重视道路生态，有意识地去避免动物遭遇交通事故。
1．What may be the reason for the doubled death number by 2017
A．Road noises.
B．Traffic accidents.
C．Natural disasters.
D．Hunting activities.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“A half-century ago, just 3 percent of land animals met their end on a road; by 2017 the number had greatly doubled.”可知，2017年该死亡数目翻倍的原因是交通事故。
√
2．What did the author want to tell us by the experience in Alaska in paragraph 3
A．Songbirds were common in that area.
B．The songbird's death was undervalued.
C．Driving a car was necessary for his job.
D．He was much troubled by the songbird.
√
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段首句中的“Like most people, ...think nothing of ...”及倒数第二句“ I'd killed it unconsciously.”可推知，作者想通过这段在阿拉斯加的经历告诉我们：人们对鸟类会死于交通事故认识不足。
3．Which best describes the impact of road ecology
A．Far-reaching. B．One-sided.
C．Short-lived. D．Unnoticeable.
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第三段的最后两句和倒数第二段可知，道路生态学促使人们为保护动物做出了一些改变。由此可推知，道路生态学所带来的影响是深远的。
√
4．What is the most suitable title for the text
A．How Roads Have Transformed the Natural World
B．What Measures Should Be Taken to ProtectAnimals
C．How Road Ecology Will Change the Future World
D．What Difficulties Humans Face in Road Construction
解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章先讲了过去道路对动物存在的潜在威胁，然后提到人们开始重视道路生态，以及人们为了保护动物在道路规划上做出的改变及其产生的影响，故A项“道路是如何改变自然世界的”适合作文章标题。
√
Ⅱ.完形填空
It was a bright May afternoon along the coast.Bauer and his 13-year-old daughter, Ava, were taking 5 of it.They were driving with the windows down as they headed home on a narrow bridge.Suddenly, the calm was 6 by the squeal (摩擦声) of tires.
Not far ahead of them, a truck was 7 from one lane (车道) to the other.It crashed into a concrete barrier, and 8 hanging over the railing (栏杆) of the bridge.Bauer stopped the car 9 to avoid it.
The truck driver's door opened.A man climbed out and 10 to the ground.Bauer ran up beside him.He pointed down, saying something in Spanish.In the water was a car seat, a girl, about two years old, 11 ， floating on her back and screaming.
Matters quickly went from bad to frightening when the girl 12 onto her stomach.Bauer waited for the driver to do something, but he didn't.Maybe he was 13 .
Bauer jumped into the water without 14 .He swam to the girl and lifted her out of the water.Standing, he laid her against his shoulder and knocked on her 15 with his e on ... come on ... Wake up! 16 ， her eyes were opened now, focused on him.
He pulled her close, hugging her to protect her from the 17 .Minutes later, the girl was sent to 18 .The girl suffered a broken shoulder but was otherwise uninjured.
Ava Bauer was 19 by her father' actions that six years later she became a cadet (实习生) firefighter so that she, too, could save lives.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了鲍尔和女儿回家途中，救了因车祸溺水的小女孩的故事。
5．A.advantage B．hold
C．possession D．charge
解析：由上文的“It was a bright May afternoon along the coast.”可知，这是一个阳光明媚的五月下午，父女俩自然要好好利用这样的日子来休闲，take advantage of “利用”。
√
6．A.deserted B．ignored
C．influenced D．ruined
解析：由下文的“It crashed into a concrete barrier”可知，发生了车祸，可得出是轮胎的摩擦声破坏了平静。
√
7．A.sliding B．following
C．parking D．approaching
解析：由下文的“It crashed into a concrete barrier ”可知，发生了车祸，车撞上了混凝土护栏，说明这辆卡车从一条车道滑到了另一条车道上。
√
8．A.hid B．waited
C．rested D．appeared
解析：由上文的“It crashed into a concrete barrier ”可知，车撞上了混凝土护栏，车就会停下来，最终停靠在桥栏杆上。
9．A.in time B．by chance
C．on purpose D．in vain
解析：由下文的“to avoid it”可知，鲍尔应该是及时停车了，才避免了事故。
√
√
10．A.dropped B．hurried
C．wandered D．returned
解析：由上文的“The truck driver's door opened.A man climbed out ”可知，车祸司机此时应该很慌乱，打开车门，爬出驾驶室时意外跌落在地。
√
11．A.embarrassed B．terrified
C．excited D．relaxed
解析：由下文的“screaming”可知，小女孩因车祸连人带车座椅被抛出车外，在水里尖叫着，应该是害怕的。
√
12．A.rolled over B．stood up
C．calmed down D．set off
解析：由上文的“floating on her back”可知，小女孩一开始是仰面漂浮，而鲍尔觉得事情变糟糕了。由此可推出，应该是女孩翻过身，俯卧漂在水面上了。
√
13．A.discouraged B．puzzled
C．shocked D．ashamed
解析：由上文的“Bauer waited for the driver to do something, but he didn't.”可知，女孩处境危险，但司机并未行动，鲍尔推测司机应该是吓坏了，还处于震惊中。
√
14．A.permission B．difficulty
C．doubt D．hesitation
解析：由下文的“He swam to the girl and lifted her out of the water.”可知，鲍尔救了小女孩，故此处指他毫不犹豫地跳入水中。
15．A.back B．stomach
C．head D．chest
解析：由上文语境和下文的“Come on ... come on ... Wake up! ”可知，女孩俯卧漂在水面上了，有溺水危险，鲍尔拍小女孩的背部是想唤醒她。
√
√
16．A.Slowly B．Surprisingly
C．Hopelessly D．Immediately
解析：由上文的“Come on ... come on ... Wake up！”可知，鲍尔拍小女孩背部试图唤醒她，这个过程是缓慢的。
17．A.loneliness B．hunger
C．cold D．tiredness
解析：由上文语境可知，当时是五月份，小女孩因车祸漂在水里，鲍尔怕她失温，拥抱她是为了不让她寒冷。
√
√
18．A.school B．hospital
C．home D．hotel
解析：由下文的“The girl suffered a broken shoulder”可知，小女孩因车祸受伤了，自然要送往医院。
19．A.relieved B．annoyed
C．surprised D．inspired
解析：由下文的“she became a cadet (实习生) firefighter so that she, too, could save lives”可知，艾娃成为消防学员，是受到了父亲救人事件的鼓舞。
√
√
Ⅲ.语法填空
Litter is everywhere, doing great harm 1 the environment and life on our planet.Jeff Kirschner, who wants to build a litter-free world, started a global community online 2 (settle) this problem.
The story began with his 6-year-old daughter.One day they were going on a hike when the girl noticed a 3 (break) plastic tub (浴盆) in a river.She said, “Daddy, that doesn't go there.” That took Kirschner by surprise.He, like many adults, had become so used to the rubbish around them that he hadn't given it a second look.What his daughter said reminded him 4 serious the problem is.
Jeff started to take 5 (act)．He created an app that makes it fun to pick up litter.The idea is 6 (fair) simple：Spot a piece of trash, take a photo, post the photo online and then put the litter into dustbins.
7 (see) that Jeff was keeping a record of the positive impact he was having on the planet, people worldwide started participating.Up to now, over 2,500,000 photos posted by 3,500 people from over 40 countries 8 (find) their way to the app's digital landfill.
Jeff's invention is more than an app.It is a highly 9 (effect) solution to a pressing issue.Wherever you live, whatever you do and 10 you are, join Jeff online to make the world a cleaner and healthier place to live in.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Jeff Kirschner在女儿的启发下，开发了一款环保软件，号召人们一起行动起来保护环境。
1．to 考查介词。do harm to为固定短语，意为“对……造成危害”。故填to。
2．to settle 考查非谓语动词。此处表示目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to settle。
3．broken 考查形容词。此处应用形容词修饰名词“plastic tub”，表示“坏的”，故填broken。
4．how 考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中修饰“serious”，故用how引导该从句。
5．action 考查名词。take action是固定短语，意为“采取行动”。故填action。
6．fairly 考查副词。此处应用副词修饰形容词simple。故填fairly。
7．Seeing 考查非谓语动词。该句的谓语动词是started，所以此处应用非谓语动词。动词see与其逻辑主语people之间是主谓关系，应用其现在分词形式作状语。故填Seeing。
8．have found 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。up to now意为“到目前为止”，与现在完成时连用。本句主语为photos，为复数概念，故填have found。
9．effective 考查形容词。此处应用形容词修饰名词“solution”。故填effective。
10．whoever 考查状语从句。根据本句中的“Wherever”“whatever”可知，此处应用whoever，表示“无论你是谁”。10 / 10
Section Ⅲ Using language
语法项目——“疑问词＋-ever”与“no matter＋疑问词”引导的状语从句
初识语法——在美文运用中体悟
背美文 Wherever① we live, we may experience fire in our life. So here are some tips for you to follow if you are caught in a fire.To begin with, whenever② the fire breaks out, you should calm down and whoever③ keeps calm can help phone 119 to ask for help.Besides, however④ many people there are, you should not panic but escape from the exit in order.What's more, whomever⑤ you are with in the fire, you should learn to help each other. As we all know, fire and water have no mercy. So it is necessary for you to learn and master some knowledge of self-rescue and first aid.
悟语法 ①Wherever引导让步状语从句，可与No matter where互换；②whenever引导让步状语从句，可与no matter when互换；③whoever 引导主语从句，不可以换成no matter who；④however引导让步状语从句，可与no matter how互换；⑤whomever引导让步状语从句，可与no matter whom互换。
慧学语法——在归纳演绎中学通
一、让步状语从句的含义
在复合句中作让步状语的从句称为让步状语从句。让步状语从句中不用将来时，根据句子所表达含义的需要，可以用一般时、完成时、进行时等。用来引导让步状语从句的从属连词有：although, though, while, as, even though, even if，“疑问词＋-ever”及“no matter＋疑问词”等。
Although/Though it was raining hard, the boys went on playing football.
虽然雨下得很大，男孩们还是继续踢足球。
While we admit that there are problems, we don't agree that they cannot be solved.
虽然我们承认存在问题，但我们并不认为这些问题不能解决。
Hard as she studied, she failed in the exam again.
尽管她学习很努力，但她在考试中再次失败了。
Whoever (No matter who) you are, you must keep the law.
不管你是谁，你必须遵守法律。
二、“疑问词＋-ever”及“no matter＋疑问词”引导的让步状语从句
1．引导词及其含义
whatever no matter what 无论什么，不管什么
whoever no matter who 无论谁，不管什么人
whomever no matter whom 无论谁
whichever no matter which 无论哪个，无论哪些
however no matter how 不管怎样，无论如何
whenever no matter when 无论何时
wherever no matter where 无论什么地方，在任何地方
2．“疑问词＋-ever”与“no matter＋疑问词”引导从句的用法比较
“疑问词＋-ever”既可以引导让步状语从句，又可以引导名词性从句；“no matter＋疑问词”一般情况下只能引导让步状语从句。
[对点练]
(1)同义句转换
①To his upset, no matter what he does, he can't meet his parents' satisfaction.
→To his upset, ______________________， he can't meet his parents' satisfaction.
②Wherever I go, I will miss my hometown where I had a happy childhood.
→____________________， I will miss my hometown where I had a happy childhood.
③No matter which topic you choose, you should make full preparations for it.
→________________________________， you should make full preparations for it.
④Whomever you buy the gift for, what is the most important is not the price of it but your friendship.
→________________________________， what is the most important is not the price of it but your friendship.
(2)用适当的引导词完成句子
⑤__________ breaks the record deserves to be awarded at the sports meeting.
⑥________________________ wins the gold medal, the coach will feel happy and proud.
⑦As we all know，__________ university you can enter mainly depends on your performance in the College Entrance Examination.
⑧________________________ university you are admitted into, you should learn to adapt to the new surroundings and classmates as soon as possible.
⑨I also water the flowers in the yard and tidy up my own bedroom ____________________ necessary.
活用语法——在针对训练中提能
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．__________________________________ on my way to success, I never gave up and went all out for my dream university.(as)
尽管我在通往成功的路上遇到过很多困难，但我从未放弃，一直为了我梦想中的大学全力以赴。
2．______________________________________________________ for further education, you're welcome to my home.
无论你什么时候来中国留学，都欢迎你来我家。
3．____________________________________________________， I'll always support you.
不管你做什么决定，我都会支持你。
4．If we work with a strong will，we can overcome any difficulty, __________________________________.
如果我们以坚强的意志工作，无论困难有多大，我们都能克服。
Ⅱ.根据括号内的汉语提示补全短文
Our school will hold a sports meeting next week.Although I am not good at sports, I still challenge myself and take part in the marathon.①________________________ (无论我是赢还是输), this is a good chance for me.Mom often talks to me, “②__________________________________ (不管你做什么), you must be very careful.” ③__________________ (不管她说什么) has left me much to think.④______________________________________________________ (无论什么时候我遇到困难), she always cheers me up.My mother will also wait for me ⑤__________________________(无论我在哪里)．⑥__________________________________ (无论结果如何), I will go all out to compete in the game.
教材听力“三关过”
一、过词汇关——词块互译
1．______________ 熟悉
2．______________ 熬过(困难的时期)
3．______________ 面对
4．______________ 寻找解决问题的方法
5．______________ 猎取；寻找
6．______________ 惊讶于
7．______________ 保证自己的安全
8．make a fire ______________
9．play a vital part in ... ______________
10．look more upon the bright side ______________
二、过泛听关——听教材录音选最佳答案
1．What are they talking about？( )
A．Survival guide.
B．Good qualities.
C．The story of Robinson Crusoe.
2．How many years did Crusoe live on the island？( )
A．2 years. B．8 years. C．28 years.
3．What does Crusoe's words reflect？( )
A．His positive attitude.
B．His patience and perseverance.
C．His calmness in the face of the difficult situation.
三、过精听关——依据教材听力完成句子
1．Well, __________________， one important thing for his survival is his calmness in the face of the difficult situation.
2．__________________， with his gun and the rice, he can hunt for and grow his own food.
3．______________， he ______________ a much harder time there!
4.And it's really good advice we should all ________________________.
强化训练“在平时”
一、听力仿真训练
Ⅰ. 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．What is the probable relationship between the speakers？( )
A．Doctor and patient.
B．Husband and wife.
C．Parent and child.
2．Why does the man come here？( )
A．To visit the woman.
B．To see Dr White.
C．To check Dr White's schedule.
3．What probably is the woman？( )
A．A student. B．A nurse. C．A teacher.
4．Where does the conversation take place？( )
A．At home.
B．At the doctor's.
C．At the man's office.
5．What's wrong with the man？( )
A．He caught a cold.
B．He drank too little water.
C．He took the wrong medicine.
Ⅱ.听下面2段对话。每段对话后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．What does the man offer to do for the woman？( )
A．Stay home with her.
B．Make her some food.
C．Drive her to a friend's house.
7．How did the woman probably get sick？( )
A．From her colleague.
B．From the man.
C．From John.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．Where are the speakers？( )
A．In the doctor's office.
B．In the ski field.
C．In the drugstore.
9．What happened to the woman according to the man？( )
A．She hurt herself while skiing.
B．She lifted something too heavy.
C．She stretched out her back too much.
10．What's the main reason for the woman to teach ski lessons？( )
A．She loves skiing.
B．Her office job is boring.
C．She needs holiday expenses.
二、口语交际训练
W：Do you think climate change ①______________________ (对……负有责任) the recent floods
M：It could be.There are floods in this country almost every year, but in recent years they have been more widespread and more frequent.
W：②________________________ (毫无疑问) the climate in this country is changing.
M：The summers are hotter.The last three summers have been the hottest for the past 200 years.There ③__________________________________ (风力也更强了)．
W：I think the changing climate is a sign that we ④______________________________ (正对……产生可怕的影响) the environment.
M：I think you're right.Climate naturally changes over time, but I think ⑤____________________________________________ (是人类活动正在加速着这些变化)．I wish governments would join together and try to resolve the problem.
W：Me too.If we don't do something soon, it might be too late.
|多积主题表达|
1．energy crisis 能源危机
2．sustainable development 可持续发展
3．take urgent measures 采取紧急措施
4．be faced with extinction 面临灭绝
5．an increase in population 人口的增长
6．the battle to save the planet 拯救地球的战斗
7．in the traditional chemical way 以传统的化学方法
8．become a threat to our mankind 成为我们人类的威胁
9．respect for all living creatures 对所有生物的尊重
10．There would be no life without water.
没有水就没有生命。
11．Only when we live in harmony with nature can we save ourselves.
只有当我们与自然和谐相处时，我们才能拯救自己。
12．As a result of destroying the forests, a large quantity of desert has covered the land.
由于森林遭到破坏，大面积的沙漠覆盖了耕地。
13．Global warming is having a great effect on hundreds of animal and plant species around the world.
全球变暖正在对世界各地数百种动植物物种造成巨大影响。
14．All animals and plants are important, because each species contributes to the formation of a variety of life on the Earth and plays an important role in maintaining life.
所有动植物都很重要，因为每一个物种都有助于地球上各种生命的形成，并在维持生命方面发挥着重要作用。
1．How do people and organisations react to these crises
人们和组织机构对这些危机作何反应？
★react v．(作出)反应
[用法感知]
①(“建议”类写作佳句)Only when we react to emergencies in life calmly can we solve problems in a better way.
只有当我们冷静应对生活中的紧急状况时，我们才能更好地解决问题。
②Iron reacts with water and air to produce rust.
铁和水及空气发生化学反应产生铁锈。
③(“情绪描写”佳句) Nancy's first reaction to the news was a strange mixture of joy and anger.南希听到这个消息后的第一反应是既高兴又愤怒。
[归纳点拨]
(1)react with ... 与……发生化学反应
react to ... 对……作出反应；回应
react against 反对，反抗
react on ...对……有影响，使……发生变化
(2)reaction n. 反应；回应
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
④He was surprised that his question should have caused such a strong ________ (react)．
⑤Some metals can react ________ cold water, such as potassium, sodium and calcium.
⑥They were not sure how the local people would react _______ the new type of music.
⑦You really __________________________________________________.After all he meant no harm to you.
对于他对你的评论，你真的不应该做出如此激烈的反应。毕竟他并没有恶意。
2．Temperatures are rising, and nations are failing to respond to it.
气温正在上升，而各国未能对此作出反应。
★respond to对……作出反应/回应
[用法感知]
①(总结升华句)Volunteer service teaches me to be patient and loving, and how to respond to different people.
志愿者服务教会我要有耐心、有爱心，以及如何回应不同的人。
②(“动作描写”佳句)I smiled and nodded to him but he didn't make any response.
我微笑着向他点点头，但他没有做出任何回应。
③(经典导入句)In response to your curiosity of the kites in China, I am writing to introduce this traditional Chinese craft.
为了回应你对中国风筝的好奇，我写信向你介绍这种传统的中国工艺。
[归纳点拨]
(1)respond to ...with sth./by doing sth.以某事/做某事对……作出反应/回应
(2)response n． 回答，答复；反应
in response to 对……作出反应
[应用融会] (单句语法填空)
④To her satisfaction, thousands of readers responded __________ their questionnaires.
⑤The boy's __________ (respond) to the quarrel was to leave the room and shut the door angrily.
⑥Millions of people gave freely __________ response to the appeal for the victims of the earthquake.
3．Plus, it also includes a free poster illustrating new plans to get rid of the Ebola virus once and for all.
此外，它还包括一张免费的海报，展示了彻底清除埃博拉病毒的新计划。
★get rid of 摆脱，除去
[用法感知]
①I was all at sea and didn't know how to get rid of such an embarrassing situation.
我茫然失措，不知道该怎么摆脱这种令人尴尬的局面。
②(深刻说理句) It is not easy to rid oneself of a bad habit.除去恶习不是容易的事。
[归纳点拨]
rid oneself of ... 使某人自己摆脱……；某人从……中解脱
be rid of 摆脱；除去(状态)
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
③We are advised to rid ourselves __________ carelessness, for it often leads to trouble.
④Faced with so many people, I ______________________________________ fears.面对这么多人，我深深地吸了一口气，使自己摆脱恐惧。
⑤Go outdoors and play sports with your friends as physical exercise is __________________________________ anger.
去户外和朋友们一起做运动，因为体育锻炼是平息愤怒的一种有效方法。
Section Ⅲ
NO.1 语法专区
慧学语法
[对点练] ①whatever he does ②No matter where I go
③Whichever topic you choose ④No matter whom you buy the gift for ⑤Whoever ⑥Whoever/No matter who ⑦whichever
⑧Whichever/No matter which ⑨no matter when/whenever
活用语法
Ⅰ.1.A lot of difficulties as I met with 2.No matter when/Whenever you come to China 3.Whatever/No matter what decisions you make
4．no matter how/however great it is
Ⅱ.①Whether I win or lose ②Whatever/No matter what you do
③Whatever she says ④Whenever/No matter when I encounter
difficulties ⑤wherever/no matter where I am
⑥No matter what/Whatever the result is
NO.2 听说专区
教材听力“三关过”
一、1.be familiar with 2.get through 3.in the face of 4.seek ways to solve problems 5.hunt for 6.be amazed by 7.keep oneself safe 8.生火 9.在……中起重要作用 10.多看看光明的一面
二、1～3 CCA
三、1.the way I see it 2.Just as you mentioned 3.Without those things; would have had 4.follow in the face of a crisis
强化训练“在平时”
一、1～5 ABABA 6～10 BAABC
附：听力材料
(Text 1)
M：Good morning.①What seems to be the problem
W：Good morning. ①I feel terrible. I've got a cold and I have a pain here on my neck. I'm not sleeping well either.
(Text 2)
M：Hello, ②I'm here to see Dr White.
W：What time is your appointment
M：One thirty.
W：You're a little early. Have a seat in the waiting room. I'll call you when Dr White is ready.
(Text 3)
M：What happened in your chemistry class
W：It was an accident.③One of my classmates broke a bottle of chemical liquid and burnt his hand. Luckily he was sent to the hospital at once. It is not serious now.
(Text 4)
M：I have a sore throat and a runny nose. I think I have a cold.
W：④OK. Let me examine you. Over here, please. Open your mouth, please. OK. You've caught the flu and I think you'd better ask for sick leave from work and have a rest at home.
(Text 5)
M：What's wrong with me I can't stop shaking, and I feel so cold and tired.
W：⑤You've caught a bad cold. I'm afraid you have to stay in bed for three days and drink plenty of water. Here's some medicine.
(Text 6)
M：Do you want to go over to John's house tonight
W：No, I think I'm getting sick, so I should probably just stay at home and rest.
M：Oh, okay. You should drink some water and stay warm. ⑥Would you like me to make you some soup
W：No, thanks. I'm not hungry. I might just go to sleep, actually. I had to get up very early this morning for a meeting.⑦One of my co workers seemed ill, so I might have gotten sick from her.
(Text 7)
W：The pain began when I was skiing. It was a dull pain in my back at first, but it has gotten worse now. Usually I love skiing, but that was a bad day.
M：Did you lift anything heavy in the days before skiing You may have hurt it then and not known until you started doing something stressful.
W：I helped my brother move the week before. ⑨Maybe I hurt myself, lifting a sofa or a box. I think I would have felt the pain earlier, though.
M：⑨It is probably how you got hurt. ⑧I'll schedule some tests before you go, but it is important that you take it easy until we know what happened.You should also stop in the drugstore and buy some mild pain medication. I'll refer you to a movement doctor as well. He will show you some movements to reduce your pain.
W：That would be great. I need to get back to work as soon as possible.
M：It says here on the sheet that you are a ski instructor. I don't recommend that you continue difficult activities like skiing until we know what is wrong.
W：Yes, I have been teaching ski lessons part time during the winter.⑩I always need extra money for the holidays. My normal job is in an office though, so I have plenty of rest there. It's very boring.
二、①is responsible for ②There is no doubt that
③have also been stronger winds ④are having a terrible effect on
⑤it is human activities that are speeding up the changes
NO.3 新知学习
1．④reaction ⑤with ⑥to
⑦shouldn't have reacted to his comment so violently
2．④to ⑤response ⑥in
3．③of ④took a deep breath to rid myself of
⑤an effective way to get rid of4 / 4
UNIT 6 课时检测(三) Using language
Ⅰ.阅读理解
To humans, roads mean connection and escape; to other life forms, they spell death and division.A half century ago, just 3 percent of land animals met their end on a road; by 2017 the number had greatly doubled.
Considering the outsize effects of roads, it's perhaps surprising that they didn't truly receive their scientific due until the late 20th century.In 1993, Richard Forman, a landscape ecologist, coined an English term “road ecology”， defined loosely as the study of “how life changes for plants and animals with a road and traffic nearby”. As the 1990s wore on, road ecology gained steam.
Like most people, I cherish animals and think nothing of piloting a 3,000 pound death machine.One summer, in Alaska, I hit a songbird — a death I didn't discover until I found the delicate splash of feathers the next day.I'd killed it unconsciously.But I could do nothing.
Road ecology offers one path through this thicket (灌木丛)．North America and Europe constructed their road networks with little regard for how they would affect nature.Today, in theory, we know better.Road ecology has revealed the danger of thoughtless development and pointed us toward solutions.Over the last several decades, its practitioners have constructed bridges for bears, tunnels (隧道) for turtles.In Kenya, elephants move slowly beneath highways and railroads via passages as tall as two story houses.
And road ecology has yielded more than crossings：We've also learned to map and protect the migrations of certain animals, to design roadsides that nourish bees and butterflies — proof that old mistakes need not be permanent.
Today we're entering a period that might fairly be considered the golden age of road ecology.The coming years will undoubtedly be transformative ones for our road network.Still, whether we can ever truly undo the harms of our concrete coated world is far less certain.
1．What may be the reason for the doubled death number by 2017
A．Road noises. B．Traffic accidents.
C．Natural disasters. D．Hunting activities.
2．What did the author want to tell us by the experience in Alaska in paragraph 3
A．Songbirds were common in that area.
B．The songbird's death was undervalued.
C．Driving a car was necessary for his job.
D．He was much troubled by the songbird.
3．Which best describes the impact of road ecology
A．Far reaching. B．One sided.
C．Short lived. D．Unnoticeable.
4．What is the most suitable title for the text
A．How Roads Have Transformed the Natural World
B．What Measures Should Be Taken to ProtectAnimals
C．How Road Ecology Will Change the Future World
D．What Difficulties Humans Face in Road Construction
Ⅱ.完形填空
It was a bright May afternoon along the coast.Bauer and his 13 year old daughter, Ava, were taking __5__ of it.They were driving with the windows down as they headed home on a narrow bridge.Suddenly, the calm was __6__ by the squeal (摩擦声) of tires.
Not far ahead of them, a truck was __7__ from one lane (车道) to the other.It crashed into a concrete barrier, and __8__ hanging over the railing (栏杆) of the bridge.Bauer stopped the car __9__ to avoid it.
The truck driver's door opened.A man climbed out and __10__ to the ground.Bauer ran up beside him.He pointed down, saying something in Spanish.In the water was a car seat, a girl, about two years old, __11__， floating on her back and screaming.
Matters quickly went from bad to frightening when the girl __12__ onto her stomach.Bauer waited for the driver to do something, but he didn't.Maybe he was __13__.
Bauer jumped into the water without __14__.He swam to the girl and lifted her out of the water.Standing, he laid her against his shoulder and knocked on her __15__ with his e on ... come on ... Wake up! __16__， her eyes were opened now, focused on him.He pulled her close, hugging her to protect her from the __17__.Minutes later, the girl was sent to __18__.The girl suffered a broken shoulder but was otherwise uninjured.
Ava Bauer was __19__ by her father' actions that six years later she became a cadet (实习生) firefighter so that she, too, could save lives.
5.A.advantage B．hold
C．possession D．charge
6．A.deserted B．ignored
C．influenced D．ruined
7．A.sliding B．following
C．parking D．approaching
8．A.hid B．waited
C．rested D．appeared
9．A.in time B．by chance
C．on purpose D．in vain
10．A.dropped B．hurried
C．wandered D．returned
11．A.embarrassed B．terrified
C．excited D．relaxed
12．A.rolled over B．stood up
C．calmed down D．set off
13．A.discouraged B．puzzled
C．shocked D．ashamed
14．A.permission B．difficulty
C．doubt D．hesitation
15．A.back B．stomach
C．head D．chest
16．A.Slowly B．Surprisingly
C．Hopelessly D．Immediately
17．A.loneliness B．hunger
C．cold D．tiredness
18．A.school B．hospital
C．home D．hotel
19．A.relieved B．annoyed
C．surprised D．inspired
Ⅲ.语法填空
Litter is everywhere, doing great harm __1__ the environment and life on our planet.Jeff Kirschner, who wants to build a litter free world, started a global community online __2__ (settle) this problem.
The story began with his 6 year old daughter.One day they were going on a hike when the girl noticed a __3__ (break) plastic tub (浴盆) in a river.She said, “Daddy, that doesn't go there.” That took Kirschner by surprise.He, like many adults, had become so used to the rubbish around them that he hadn't given it a second look.What his daughter said reminded him __4__serious the problem is.
Jeff started to take __5__ (act)．He created an app that makes it fun to pick up litter.The idea is __6__(fair) simple：Spot a piece of trash, take a photo, post the photo online and then put the litter into dustbins.
__7__ (see) that Jeff was keeping a record of the positive impact he was having on the planet, people worldwide started participating.Up to now, over 2,500,000 photos posted by 3,500 people from over 40 countries __8__ (find) their way to the app's digital landfill.
Jeff's invention is more than an app.It is a highly __9__(effect) solution to a pressing issue.Wherever you live, whatever you do and __10__ you are, join Jeff online to make the world a cleaner and healthier place to live in.
UNIT 6 课时检测(三)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们开始重视道路生态，有意识地去避免动物遭遇交通事故。
1．选B 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“A half century ago, just 3 percent of land animals met their end on a road; by 2017 the number had greatly doubled.”可知，2017年该死亡数目翻倍的原因是交通事故。
2．选B 推理判断题。根据第三段首句中的“Like most people, ...think nothing of ...”及倒数第二句“ I'd killed it unconsciously.”可推知，作者想通过这段在阿拉斯加的经历告诉我们：人们对鸟类会死于交通事故认识不足。
3．选A 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段的最后两句和倒数第二段可知，道路生态学促使人们为保护动物做出了一些改变。由此可推知，道路生态学所带来的影响是深远的。
4．选A 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章先讲了过去道路对动物存在的潜在威胁，然后提到人们开始重视道路生态，以及人们为了保护动物在道路规划上做出的改变及其产生的影响，故A项“道路是如何改变自然世界的”适合作文章标题。
Ⅱ.完形填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了鲍尔和女儿回家途中，救了因车祸溺水的小女孩的故事。
5．选A 由上文的“It was a bright May afternoon along the coast.”可知，这是一个阳光明媚的五月下午，父女俩自然要好好利用这样的日子来休闲，take advantage of “利用”。
6．选D 由下文的“It crashed into a concrete barrier”可知，发生了车祸，可得出是轮胎的摩擦声破坏了平静。
7．选A 由下文的“It crashed into a concrete barrier ”可知，发生了车祸，车撞上了混凝土护栏，说明这辆卡车从一条车道滑到了另一条车道上。
8．选C 由上文的“It crashed into a concrete barrier ”可知，车撞上了混凝土护栏，车就会停下来，最终停靠在桥栏杆上。
9．选A 由下文的“to avoid it”可知，鲍尔应该是及时停车了，才避免了事故。
10．选A 由上文的“The truck driver's door opened.A man climbed out ”可知，车祸司机此时应该很慌乱，打开车门，爬出驾驶室时意外跌落在地。
11．选B 由下文的“screaming”可知，小女孩因车祸连人带车座椅被抛出车外，在水里尖叫着，应该是害怕的。
12．选A 由上文的“floating on her back”可知，小女孩一开始是仰面漂浮，而鲍尔觉得事情变糟糕了。由此可推出，应该是女孩翻过身，俯卧漂在水面上了。
13．选C 由上文的“Bauer waited for the driver to do something, but he didn't.”可知，女孩处境危险，但司机并未行动，鲍尔推测司机应该是吓坏了，还处于震惊中。
14．选D 由下文的“He swam to the girl and lifted her out of the water.”可知，鲍尔救了小女孩，故此处指他毫不犹豫地跳入水中。
15．选A 由上文语境和下文的“Come on ... come on ... Wake up! ”可知，女孩俯卧漂在水面上了，有溺水危险，鲍尔拍小女孩的背部是想唤醒她。
16．选A 由上文的“Come on ... come on ... Wake up！”可知，鲍尔拍小女孩背部试图唤醒她，这个过程是缓慢的。
17．选C 由上文语境可知，当时是五月份，小女孩因车祸漂在水里，鲍尔怕她失温，拥抱她是为了不让她寒冷。
18．选B 由下文的“The girl suffered a broken shoulder”可知，小女孩因车祸受伤了，自然要送往医院。
19．选D 由下文的“she became a cadet (实习生) firefighter so that she, too, could save lives”可知，艾娃成为消防学员，是受到了父亲救人事件的鼓舞。
Ⅲ.语法填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Jeff Kirschner在女儿的启发下，开发了一款环保软件，号召人们一起行动起来保护环境。
1．to 考查介词。do harm to为固定短语，意为“对……造成危害”。故填to。
2．to settle 考查非谓语动词。此处表示目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to settle。
3．broken 考查形容词。此处应用形容词修饰名词“plastic tub”，表示“坏的”，故填broken。
4．how 考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中修饰“serious”，故用how引导该从句。
5．action 考查名词。take action是固定短语，意为“采取行动”。故填action。
6．fairly 考查副词。此处应用副词修饰形容词simple。故填fairly。
7．Seeing 考查非谓语动词。该句的谓语动词是started，所以此处应用非谓语动词。动词see与其逻辑主语people之间是主谓关系，应用其现在分词形式作状语。故填Seeing。
8．have found 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。up to now意为“到目前为止”，与现在完成时连用。本句主语为photos，为复数概念，故填have found。
9．effective 考查形容词。此处应用形容词修饰名词“solution”。故填effective。
10．whoever 考查状语从句。根据本句中的“Wherever”“whatever”可知，此处应用whoever，表示“无论你是谁”。
