UNIT 8 LITERATURE Part 4 LESSON 3 20,000 LEAGUES UNDER THE SEA分层练习（含解析）

Part 4　LESSON 3 20,000 LEAGUES UNDER THE SEA
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.My heart　　　　(下沉) when I saw how much work there was left.
2.All 　　　　(生物), whether humans or animals, deserve to be treated with respect.
3.He laid a　　　　(坚实的) foundation for his success by working hard.
4.My mother taught me how to b　　　　 the ball when it went low.
5.It snowed heavily all night and began to stop at 　　　　(黎明).
Ⅱ.一词多义
1.It suddenly struck me that she would never come back again. 词性:　　　　 词义:　　　　
2.The salesmen went on strike for higher pay.词性:　　　　 词义:　　　　
3.The clock struck 12 and everyone knew it was a new year. 词性:　　　　 词义:　　　　
4.He struck a match in the dark and found he was in a small room. 词性:　　　　 词义:　　　　
5.The teacher would strike the table whenever he was angry. 词性:　　　　 词义:　　　　
6.His comment struck me as strange. 词性:　　　　 词义:　　　　
Ⅲ.选词填空
under construction; in desperation; strictly speaking; with ease
1.He turned to his grandparents 　　　　　　, seeking a way to escape the pain and stress of his life.
2.Anne is intelligent and capable of passing her exams 　　　　　　.
3.The studio is still　　　　　　 and won't open until mid-March.
4.The book, 　　　　　　, is not a novel, but a short story.
Ⅳ.单句语法填空
1.There was a strong wind blowing. I felt myself almost　　　　　(knock) down.
2.How could she have been　　　　　 foolish as to fall in love with him
3.　　　　　(evident), the British Museum, the Natural History Museum and Tate Modern and Tate Britain are all must-sees for every visitor in Britain.
4.To the users,　　　　　 seems as if the camera is actually a part of their application.
5.The hug was so warm　　　　　 it felt like one between two old friends meeting again after a long time.
6.A vegan(严格的素食主义的) lifestyle reflected their personal beliefs about animal or environmental 　　　　　(preserve).
Ⅴ.完成句子
1.一般来说,你越努力,你取得的进步就越大。
　　　　 　　　　, the harder you work, the greater progress you will make.
2.房间很小,但能让你感到自在。(ease)
The room is small but makes you　　　　 　　　　 　　　　.
3.公众的反应很强烈,以至于不知道这个项目是否会继续下去。
The reaction from the public was　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 it was not clear whether the project would last or not.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
I fell from the boat because of a violent crash. I struggled　1　 being pulled deeper, deeper down. Suddenly I felt myself quickly 　2　(draw) up to the surface of the sea. It was Conseil! I grabbed my 　3　(faith) Conseil's arm with one hand, swimming with much 　4　(great) ease.
Nevertheless, our situation was no less terrible. I had almost run out of 　5　(strong). I was getting colder and colder, and then I sank.
At this moment I　6　(strike) by a hard body, and then I felt that I was being drawn up until I was brought to the surface of the water. I saw a face 　7　 I was familiar with. “Ned!” I cried.
Ned was able to find safety almost immediately upon this island in the sea. Or,　8　(precise) speaking, on this large whale made of steel. That is to say, this monster was man-made. We searched all over the outside for 　9　 opening but in vain. At last this long night passed. Eventually, eight strong men with their faces 　10　(cover) appeared noiselessly, and drew us down into their machine.
1.　　　　　　 2.　　　　　　 3.　　　　　　 4.　　　　　　 5.　　　　　　
6.　　　　　　 7.　　　　　　 8.　　　　　　 9.　　　　　　 10.　　　　　　
Ⅱ.语法填空
　　The Analects of Confucius(《论语》), a historical document, records the words and deeds of the ancient Chinese philosopher Confucius, 　1　(write) sometime between the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period more than 2,000 years ago. It 　2　(highlight) the political and moral ideas of Confucius and Confucianism, deeply rooted in his emotional understanding of humanity.
Ren is a core concept in the book adopted by Confucius with original meaning of loving others. 　3　(represent) a high moral standard, it includes all virtues. Confucius stresses that self-discipline is 　4　 must for practicing the rules of propriety(礼) and achieving ren.
Society has developed greatly and huge changes 　5　(occur) as well after the birth of the Analects of Confucius. Nevertheless, it contains lots of ideas beyond the passage of time, some of 　6　 are still relevant today. For example, Confucius analyzes the relationship between learning and thinking by saying that learning without thinking leads to confusion while thinking without learning is perilous. Besides, the Analects of Confucius also 　7　(vivid) shows the images of Confucius's students. Zi Lu is straightforward, Zi Gong is smart, and Yan Hui is mild and capable. Confucius insists on treating students 　8　 individuals to make them achieve full potential, which is 　9　(consist) with some of the modern educational thoughts.
The Analects of Confucius is a fine example of world literature, and the publication of its 　10　(version) in various languages will further enhance cultural exchanges between China and the world.
1.　　　　　　 2.　　　　　　 3.　　　　　　 4.　　　　　　 5.　　　　　　
6.　　　　　　 7.　　　　　　 8.　　　　　　 9.　　　　　　 10.　　　　　　
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
ABC Poetry Contest
For this contest you are challenged to write an ABC poem.
Write a one-stanza(一节), five-line poem.
The first letter of each of the first four lines follows the order of the alphabet while the last line can be any letter. For example, a poet might choose to use the following letter combination: D-E-F-G-A.
The lines may be of any syllable length. Also, line length may vary from line to line.
The poem may be about any subject or topic.
Rhyme and meter are optional.
Example:
If I Were a Hero
Above huge hills if ever I could rise,
Beyond the gravity as Iron Man flies.
Climbing and hanging if towers I could touch,
Dashing as the Spider-Man if fingers were such.
Quickly I would be happy and quickly I would dance.
Write about anything using this format. An ABC poem usually only has one stanza. But we are keeping the format open. You can submit a traditional ABC poem or you can include additional stanzas. If you include additional stanzas they must follow the ABC format but not necessarily have the same starting letters.
The winners will take away cash prizes consisting of a first prize of $200, a second prize of $100, and a third prize of $50, as well as 10 honorable mention certificates. All writers will receive feedback about their submission.
Deadline:30th June.
1.What do we know about an ABC poem
A.It is usually written in rhyme and strict meter.
B.The starting letter of its first line should be A.
C.The starting letter of its last line has no restriction.
D.It usually has five stanzas and five lines in each stanza.
2.Which of the following is a requirement of the poetry contest
A.Your poem should focus on the specific topic.
B.You should submit your poem before June, 2021.
C.Each line of your poem should be similar in length.
D.Stanzas of your poem should follow the ABC format.
3.What is given specially to an honorable mention winner 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
A.A cash award.　　　
B.A certificate.
C.A sample of the poems.　　　
D.A suggestion for their submission.
B
This passage is adapted from Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bront .
Seeing me, she recovered herself: she made a sort of effort to smile and expressed a few words of congratulations, but the smile disappeared, and the sentence was abandoned unfinished. She put on her glasses and pushed her chair back from the table.
“I feel so astonished,” she began. “I hardly know what to say to you, Miss Eyre. I have surely not been dreaming, have I Sometimes I half fall asleep when I am sitting alone and fancy things that have never happened. It has seemed to me more than once when I have been in a doze(打盹儿), that my dear husband, who died fifteen years ago, has come in and sat down beside me and that I have even heard him call me by my name, Alice, as he used to do. Now, can you tell me whether it is actually true that Mr. Rochester has asked you to marry him Don't laugh at me. But I really thought he came in here five minutes ago and said that in a month you would be his wife.”
“He has said the same thing to me,” I replied.
“He has! Do you believe him Have you accepted him ”
“Yes.”
She stared at me, confused. “I could never have thought it. He is a proud man; all the Rochesters were proud; and his father at least liked money. He, too, has always been called careful. He means to marry you ”
“He told me so.”
She surveyed my whole person. In her eyes, I read that they had there found no charm powerful enough to solve the mystery.
“It passes me!” she continued, “but no doubt that it is true since you say so. I cannot tell how it will answer: I really don't know. Equality of position and fortune is often advisable in such cases; and there are twenty years of difference in your ages. He might almost be your father.”
“No, indeed, Mrs. Fairfax!” I protested, annoyed. “He is nothing like my father! No one, who saw us together, would suppose it for an instant. Mr. Rochester looks as young, and is as young, as some men of twenty-five.”
“Is it really for love that he is going to marry you ” she asked in disbelief.
I was so hurt by her coldness and skepticism that tears welled up in my eyes.
“I am sorry to make you unhappy,” continued the widow(寡妇), “but you are so young, and so little acquainted with men. I wish to put you on your guard. It is an old saying that all is not gold that glitters; and in this case, I do fear there will be something found to be different to what either you or I expect.”
“Why Am I a monster ” I said. “Is it impossible that Mr. Rochester should have a sincere affection for me ”
“No, you are very good and much improved recently, and Mr. Rochester, I dare say, is fond of you. I have always noticed that you are a sort of pet of his. There are times when, for your sake, I have been a little uneasy about his marked preference and have wished to put you on your guard; but I do not like to suggest even the possibility of wrong. I know such an idea would shock, perhaps offend you; and you are so discreet(谨慎的) and so thoroughly modest and sensible. I hope you may be trusted to protect yourself. Last night I couldn't tell you what I suffered when I sought all over the house, but could find you nowhere, and nor the master either. And then, at twelve o'clock, I saw you come in with him.”
“Well, never mind that now,” I interrupted impatiently. “It is enough that all was right.”
“I hope all will be right in the end,” she said. “But, believe me, you cannot be too careful. Try and keep Mr. Rochester at a distance: distrust yourself as well as him. Gentlemen in their station are not accustomed to marrying their governesses.”
4.Which word can describe Miss Eyre's feelings about her relationship with Mr. Rochester 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
A.Grateful.　　　B.Incredible.
C.Sensitive.　　　D.Confident.
5.What can we infer from the passage
A.Both Miss Eyre and Mrs. Fairfax agree that Mr. Rochester is fond of Miss Eyre.
B.Both Miss Eyre and Mrs. Fairfax believe that Mr. Rochester will break Miss Eyre's heart.
C.Both Miss Eyre and Mrs. Fairfax think that Mr. Rochester should not marry his governess.
D.Both Miss Eyre and Mrs. Fairfax agree that Mr. Rochester and Miss Eyre are of the same social class.
6.What does Mrs. Fairfax mean by saying “Gentlemen in their station are not accustomed to marrying their governesses.”
A.Mr. Rochester is brave enough to challenge the society to marry Miss Eyre.
B.Mr. Rochester will treat Miss Eyre like a governess after marriage.
C.Mr. Rochester is incapable of loving Miss Eyre for his whole life.
D.Mr. Rochester may not be sincere in his marriage proposal.
Part 4　LESSON 3 20,000 LEAGUES
UNDER THE SEA
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.sank　2.beings　3.solid　4.bounce　5.daybreak
Ⅱ.1.动词;突然想到　句意:我突然想到她再也不会回来了。
2.名词;罢工　句意:推销员为了获得更高的工资举行了罢工。
3.动词;敲,报时　句意:12点的钟声敲响了,所有人都知道这是新的一年。
4.动词;划(火柴)　句意:他在黑暗中擦了一根火柴,发现他在一个小房间里。
5.动词;打,击　句意:这位老师每次生气时都敲桌子。
6.动词;让……觉得　句意:他的评论让我觉得奇怪。
Ⅲ.1.in desperation　2.with ease　3.under construction　4.strictly speaking
Ⅳ.1.knocked　考查过去分词。句意:一阵强风吹过来。我觉得自己差点被吹倒了。根据句子结构判断设空处应作谓语动词felt的宾语补足语,而宾语myself和knock之间存在逻辑上的被动关系,故填过去分词knocked。
2.so　考查固定用法。句意:她怎么能这么傻,竟爱上了他 so...as to do...意为“如此……以至于……”,故填so。
3.Evidently　考查副词。句意:很明显,大英博物馆、自然历史博物馆和泰特美术馆都是每个来英国的游客必须参观的地方。设空处作状语,表示“明显地”,句首单词首字母应大写,故填Evidently。
4.it　考查it的用法。句意:对用户来说,看起来好像照相机实际上是他们应用软件的一部分。it seems as if...意为“看起来好像……”,故填it。
5.that　考查结果状语从句。句意:这个拥抱是如此温暖,就像是两个久别重逢的老朋友之间的拥抱。so...that...意为“如此……以至于……”,引导结果状语从句。
6.preservation　考查名词。设空处前面是形容词environmental,所以此处应用名词,故填preservation。
Ⅴ.1.Generally speaking　2.feel at ease　3.so violent that
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.against　考查介词。句意:我挣扎着不让自己被往下拉得更深。struggle against表示“同……抗争,挣扎着免受……”。
2.drawn　考查过去分词。句意:突然,我觉得自己很快被拉到海面上来了。结合句子结构和句意可知,设空处作felt的宾语补足语,宾语myself和draw之间存在逻辑上的被动关系,故填过去分词drawn。
3.faithful　考查形容词。句意:我用一只手抓住可信赖的康塞尔的胳膊,更轻松地游着。空前为my,空后为名词,所以此处应用形容词作定语,故填faithful。
4.greater　考查形容词比较级。much修饰比较级,分析句子可知此处修饰名词ease,应用形容词的比较级形式,故填greater。
5.strength　考查名词。句意:我几乎耗尽了力气。空前为动词短语run out of,设空处作宾语,故填strength。
6.was struck　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:就在这个时候,我被一个坚硬的物体打了一下,然后我觉得我一直在被往上拖,直到我被带到水面上。根据上下文可知本文在叙述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时,主语I(第一人称单数)与动词strike之间为被动关系,所以设空处应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was struck。
7.that/which　考查定语从句。句意:我看见一张我熟悉的面孔。由句意和前后的关系判断设空处引导定语从句,先行词为a face,指物,设空处在从句中作with的宾语,故填that或which。
8.precisely　考查副词。句意:或者,准确地说,是在这头钢铁制成的大鲸身上。此处修饰现在分词speaking,应用副词precisely。
9.an　考查冠词。句意:我们在外面到处寻找缺口,但没有找到。空前为介词for,空后为名词opening,故判断此处应填冠词,结合句意判断此处表示泛指,opening以元音音素开头,其前应使用不定冠词an。
10.covered　考查过去分词。句意:最后,八个蒙着脸的壮汉悄无声息地出现了,把我们拉进了他们的机器。分析句子可知,此空为介词with的宾语补足语,宾语their faces与cover之间存在逻辑上的被动关系,故使用过去分词covered。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了儒家经典作品《论语》的主要内容,及其超越时间流逝在今天依然适用的思想理念。
1.written　考查非谓语动词。句意:《论语》是一部历史文献,记载了中国古代哲学家孔子的言行,成书于2,000多年前的春秋战国时期。分析句子结构可知,设空处作The Analects of Confucius的后置定语,write与The Analects of Confucius是逻辑上的被动关系,应用过去分词。故填written。
2.highlights　考查时态和主谓一致。句意:它突出了孔子和儒学的政治和道德思想,深深植根于他对仁慈的情感理解。分析句子结构可知,设空处作句子的谓语,此处在描述一般性的事实,时态应用一般现在时,主语是It,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填highlights。
3.Representing　考查非谓语动词。句意:它代表着崇高的道德标准,包括所有的美德。分析句子结构可知,设空处作状语,对it作补充说明,represent与it之间是逻辑上的主动关系,应用现在分词。句首单词首字母应大写。故填Representing。
4.a　考查冠词。句意:孔子强调自律是行礼成仁的必要条件。分析句子结构可知,设空处表示泛指,意为“一个”,应用不定冠词,且must以辅音音素开头。故填a。
5.have occurred　考查时态和主谓一致。句意:《论语》问世后,社会发展迅速,也发生了巨大的变化。分析句子结构可知,and连接两个并列分句,设空处作第二个分句的谓语,结合“Society has developed greatly”可知,时态应用现在完成时,且主语changes为复数名词,助动词应用have。故填have occurred。
6.which　考查定语从句。句意:然而,它包含许多超越时间流逝的思想,其中一些在现在仍然有价值。分析句子结构可知,设空处和空前的some of构成“代词+of+关系代词”的结构,引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词ideas,指物,在从句中作of的宾语。故填which。
7.vividly　考查副词。句意:此外,《论语》也生动地展示了孔子学生的形象。设空处修饰动词shows,应用vivid的副词形式vividly,意为“生动地”。故填vividly。
8.as　考查介词。句意:孔子坚持把学生当作个体来对待,以使他们充分发挥潜能,这与一些现代的教育思想是一致的。固定短语treat sb. as意为“以……方式对待”。故填as。
9.consistent　考查形容词。句意同上题。固定短语be consistent with意为“与……一致”。故填consistent。
10.versions　考查名词复数。句意:《论语》是世界文学的典范,多种语言版本的出版将进一步增进中国与世界的文化交流。根据“in various languages”可知,可数名词version“版本”应用复数形式。故填versions。
【高频词汇】　1.highlight v.强调　2.moral adj.道德的
3.adopt v.采用,采取;收养　4.represent v.代表
5.achieve v.达到,实现　6.occur v.发生　7.analyze v.分析
8.insist on doing sth.坚持做某事
【熟词生义】　1.must n.必须做(或看、买等)的事
2.passage n.(时间的)流逝　3.relevant adj.有价值的,有意义的
Ⅲ. A
◎语篇解读　本文是一篇应用文,是一则有关ABC诗歌比赛的通知。
1.C　细节理解题。根据要求中的“The first letter of each of the first four lines follows the order of the alphabet while the last line can be any letter.”可知,前四行每一行的首字母遵循字母表的顺序,而最后一行的首字母不受限制,故选C项。由“Rhyme and meter are optional.”可排除A项;B项在文中未提到;由“Write a one-stanza(一节), five-line poem.”可排除D项。
2.D　细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“You can submit a traditional ABC poem or you can include additional stanzas. If you include additional stanzas they must follow the ABC format but not necessarily have the same starting letters.(你可以提交一首传统的ABC诗,或者你可以有额外的诗节。如果包含额外的诗节,它们必须遵循ABC格式,但不一定有相同的开头字母)”可知,比赛要求诗节应该遵循ABC格式。故选D项。由“The poem may be about any subject or topic.”可排除A项;由“Deadline:30th June.”可排除B项;由“line length may vary from line to line”可排除C项。
3.B　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段首句可知,获一到三等奖的有现金奖励,获荣誉奖的有证书,所以证书是专门给荣誉奖获得者的。故选B项。
【高频词汇】　1.combination n.组合;结合　2.vary from...to...从……到……变化　3.optional adj.可选择的
4.consist of由……构成,由……组成　5.honorable adj.光荣的,可敬的　6.certificate n.证书,证明　7.feedback n.反馈意见
【熟词生义】 　1.meter n.(诗的)格律　2.mention n.提名表扬
【差距词汇】　1.syllable n.音节　2.format n.格式;设计
B
◎语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。本文改编自夏洛蒂·勃朗特的经典小说《简·爱》,主要讲述了罗切斯特先生向简求婚后,简和女管家的对话。
4.D　推理判断题。根据文章第十一段“‘他真的是因为爱才娶你的吗 ’她满腹疑惑地问”以及第十二段“我被她的冷漠和怀疑深深伤害了,热泪盈眶”以及上下文内容可推知,简对于自己和罗切斯特先生的关系非常自信。故选D。
5.A　推理判断题。根据文章第十四段“‘为什么 我是怪物吗 ’我说。‘难道罗切斯特先生不可能对我有真诚的感情吗 ’”以及第十五段中的“不,你很好并且最近有了很大的改善。我敢说,罗切斯特先生喜欢你。”可推知,简和费尔法克斯太太都认为罗切斯特先生喜欢简。故选A。
6.D　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段画线句子上文“‘我希望最后一切都会好起来。’她说。‘但是,相信我,你再小心也不为过。尽量和罗切斯特先生保持距离,既不要相信自己,也不要相信他’”可推知,费尔法克斯太太认为罗切斯特先生并不是真心想和简结婚。故选D。
【高频词汇】　1.recover vt.恢复;重新控制　2.powerful adj.强有力的　3.position n.地位,身份　4.improve v.改善,改进　5.interrupt v.打断,打扰
【熟词生义】　1.survey vt.(尤指为形成某种意见而)审视
2.pet n.宠儿,宝贝　3.class n.阶级,阶层
【差距词汇】　1.protest v.坚决地表示;申辩　2.instant n.瞬间;片刻　3.skepticism n.怀疑态度;怀疑主义
4.thoroughly adv.非常,极其;彻底,仔细
长难句
原句　It has seemed to me more than once when I have been in a doze, that my dear husband, who died fifteen years ago, has come in and sat down beside me and that I have even heard him call me by my name, Alice, as he used to do.
分析　本句是主从复合句。 when I have been in a doze是时间状语从句,It是形式主语,真正的主语是两个that引导的主语从句:that my dear husband...beside me和that I have even...as he used to do。在第一个主语从句中,who 引导非限制性定语从句,在第二个主语从句中,as引导方式状语从句。
译文　在我打盹儿的时候,我不止一次感到,十五年前去世的亲爱的丈夫走进来,坐在我旁边,我甚至听到他像以前那样叫我的名字,艾丽斯。
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