UNIT 9 HUMAN BIOLOGY Part 2 LESSON 1 TO CLONE OR NOT TO CLONE分层练习（含解析）

Part 2　LESSON 1 TO CLONE OR NOT TO CLONE
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.The　　　　(治疗) should be repeated every two to three hours.
2.There has always been an invisible　　　　(隔阂) between them since the quarrel.
3.What they have in mind at the 　　　　(关键性的) moment is the national interest.
4.It was ab　　　　 that no one was hurt in the accident.
Ⅱ.一词多义
1.The abuse of women and children needs to be treated seriously. 词性:　　　　 词义:　　　　
2.Although the danger of alcohol abuse has been getting much attention, many people do not take the warning seriously. 词性:　　　　 词义:　　　　
Ⅲ.选词填空
depend on; be devoted to; by comparison; be based on
1.　　　　　　, abnormal heartbeats returned in eighty to ninety percent of those treated with drugs.
2.True friendship should　　　　　　 each other's understanding and respect.
3.Before the compass was invented, sailors had to　　　　　　 the stars to find the direction.
4.I believe that I will　　　　　　 reading when I have spare time.
Ⅳ.单句语法填空
1.　　　　　 I like the color of the hat, I do not like its shape.
2.You are bound　　　　　(pass)the exam if you study hard.
3.We have confidence in the　　　　　(accurate) of the statistics, so you can use the data.
4.This behavior may lead to both psychological and　　　　　(emotion) problems.
5.There is a beagle(比格犬)on the book's cover which looks identical 　　　　　 my dog.
6.The two people are only days apart in age, but they seem to belong to 　　　　　(whole) different generations.
Ⅴ.单元语法专练
1.I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner, only to find that no other guest 　　　　　(arrive) and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit.
2.In the last five years, Cao 　　　　　(walk) through 34 countries in six continents.
3.Mary 　　　　　(go) to dancing classes every night since January and the courses will end this week.
4.By the end of last month, he 　　　　　(work) for 30 years and he will retire in August this year.
5.Mr. Black is so glad, for his son 　　　　　 (win) first prize in the English Speech Competition.
Ⅵ.完成句子
1.不管你有空还是忙碌,你都得参加这个仪式。(whether...or...)
You'll have to attend the ceremony　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　.
2.我家人坚持认为我不应该屈服,而应该留下来斗争。(虚拟语气)
My family insisted that　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　, but stay and fight.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
Natural cloning has been going on for generations. An example of this is identical twins. There had been attempts to clone animals　1　(artificial) before a sheep named Dolly was cloned successfully in 1996. After Dolly, scientists 　2　(clone) many other mammal species. Among the successful cases, the cloning of two long-tailed monkeys was an outstanding one. The huge breakthrough is crucial for 　3　(science) advancement, especially in medicine. For example, we can treat various diseases by 　4　(use) the technology.
However, cloning causes a great deal of disagreement and strong　5　(emotion). Some people show their concern 　6　 the technology might be abused by some organizations.
Nowadays, we still don't know what will happen to the　7　(clone) animals as they grow up. Researchers insist that the science of cloning should be further explored and advanced. 　8　 the cloning is a blessing to mankind depends on mankind. Science is often referred to as a double-edged sword, 　9　(increase) our wealth and comfort while leaving people 　10　 fear of potential dangers like human cloning.
1.　　　　　　 2.　　　　　　 3.　　　　　　 4.　　　　　　 5.　　　　　　
6.　　　　　　 7.　　　　　　 8.　　　　　　 9.　　　　　　 10.　　　　　　
Ⅱ.语法填空
Nowadays, more and more middle-aged people are suffering 　1　 insomnia(失眠症), as life for the middle aged is 　2　(particular) hard. For one thing, as they are the backbones of their companies, they have plenty of things 　3　(do) at work, and they usually have to work overtime. For another, they have to take on great responsibilities at home, for their aged 　4　(parent) need support and their little children need to be brought up. That's 　5　 they don't have enough time to have a good rest.
To sleep well, some of them often take sleeping pills. I don't think it's a good　6　(choose) for them to do so, because the sleeping pills can only get rid of the sign of insomnia, not the cause. And taking too many sleeping pills 　7　(be) bad for their health.
It is a good idea to learn some　8　(relax) exercises. Therefore, I suggest those middle-aged people should know how to relax 　9　(they) and rest their brains. Doing some simple activities after supper is necessary for them. Besides, they can have a glass of milk before going to bed, 　10　 can help them to fall asleep easily.
1.　　　　　　 2.　　　　　　 3.　　　　　　 4.　　　　　　 5.　　　　　　
6.　　　　　　 7.　　　　　　 8.　　　　　　 9.　　　　　　 10.　　　　　　
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
China's first cloned police dog, three-month-old Kunxun, has begun training after arriving at a police base in Kunming, southwest China's Yunnan Province earlier this month.
Kunxun was cloned from a 7-year-old female police dog named Huahuangma, which is considered a great detective dog. A study showed that Kunxun's DNA is 99.9 percent similar to Huahuangma's.
Kunxun will begin training in drug detection, and is to be a grown-up police dog at 10 months old. But it would take four to five years to train a dog like Huahuangma. The birth of Kunxun provides the possibility of extending animal cloning technology to police dogs, and will significantly reduce the time to train one, Zhao Jianping, Sinogene deputy general manager, told the Global Times on Tuesday. He also noted that the cost of cloning remains a bottleneck for mass production.
Wan Jiusheng, a lead researcher at the Kunming Dog Base of Public Security, told the Science and Technology Daily that Kunxun shows better potential than the regularly bred Kunming wolf dogs in a series of tests. Wan said Kunxun will be able to become a police dog when it is about 10 months old.
A police officer told the Global Times on Tuesday that preserving the police dog blood has always been a challenge, as traditional breeding methods will dilute(稀释) the original blood, and the next generation's genes will be largely beyond control. The successful police dog cloning technology will address those problems and lower the elimination(淘汰) rate of police dogs at the puppy training stage, he said.
However, such technology does not mean that the mass production of police dogs has already arrived, as factors like the surroundings and trainers' skill also play an important role, Wan noted.
Kunxun is not the first cloned police dog. In South Korea, six cloned police dogs first appeared and began patrolling(巡逻) the streets in 2008. The world's first cloned animal, Dolly the sheep, was born in Scotland in 1996.
1.What is the benefit of cloning police dogs according to Paragraph 3 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
A.Living longer.
B.Costing less money.
C.Reducing training time.
D.Completing harder tasks.
2.What do Zhao Jianping's and Wan Jiusheng's opinions have in common
A.Cloning technology will be used on humans.
B.Cloned animals can help people in some ways.
C.Cloning police dogs has reached mass production.
D.The cloned police dog trainers' skill is very important.
3.Where was the world's first cloned police dog born
A.In Scotland.
B.In China.
C.In the US.
D.In South Korea.
4.Where is this text most likely from
A.A diary.
B.A magazine.
C.A novel.
D.A guidebook.
B
Barbara McClintock was one of the most important scientists in the twentieth century. She made important discoveries about genes and chromosomes(染色体).
Barbara McClintock was born in 1902 in Hartford, Connecticut. Her family moved to the Brooklyn area of New York City in 1908. Barbara was an active child with an interest in sports and music. She also developed an interest in science.
She studied biology at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York. Barbara was among a small number of undergraduate students to receive training in genetics in 1921. Years later, she noted that few college students wanted to study genetics.
Barbara McClintock decided to study botany, the scientific study of plants, at Cornell University. She completed her undergraduate studies in 1923. McClintock decided to continue her education at Cornell. She completed a master's degree in 1925. Two years later, she fulfilled all the requirements for a doctorate degree.
McClintock stayed at Cornell after she completed her education. She taught students botany. The 1930s was not a good time to be a young scientist in the United States. The country was in the middle of the Great Depression. Millions of Americans were unemployed. Male scientists were offered jobs. But female geneticists were not much in demand.
An old friend from Cornell, Marcus Rhoades, invited McClintock to spend the summer of 1941 working at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, which is a research center on Long Island, near New York City. McClintock started a temporary job in the genetics department. A short time later, she accepted a permanent position in the laboratory. This gave her the freedom to continue her research without having to teach or repeatedly ask for financial aid. In this way, she could steadily do her research there.
By the 1970s, her discoveries had had an effect on everything from genetic engineering to cancer research. McClintock won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1983 for her discovery of the ability of genes to change positions on chromosomes. She was the first American woman to win an unshared Nobel Prize.
5.When did McClintock receive a doctorate degree
A.In 1921. B.In 1923. C.In 1925. D.In 1927.
6.What can we learn about the Great Depression in the US from the passage
A.Young scientists had trouble finding a job.
B.Female geneticists were not needed at all.
C.Male geneticists were in great demand.
D.Male scientists were mostly out of work.
7.Why was McClintock awarded the Nobel Prize
A.Because of her lifelong research into botany and biology.
B.Because of her contribution to genetic engineering.
C.Because of her discoveries about genes and chromosomes.
D.Because of her unshared work in the laboratory.
Part 2　LESSON 1 TO CLONE
OR NOT TO CLONE
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.treatment　2.barrier　3.crucial　4.blessing
Ⅱ.1.名词;虐待　句意:虐待妇女和儿童的问题需要严肃对待。
2.名词;滥用　句意:虽然酗酒的危害一直获得很多关注,但是很多人并不重视这一警告。
Ⅲ.1.By comparison　2.be based on　3.depend on
4.be devoted to
Ⅳ.1.While/Although/Though　考查连词。句意:虽然我喜欢这顶帽子的颜色,但我不喜欢它的形状。根据句意可知设空处引导让步状语从句,故填While或Although或Though。
2.to pass　考查不定式。句意:如果你努力学习的话,你一定会通过考试的。be bound to do sth.一定会做某事,故填to pass。
3.accuracy　考查名词。句意:我们相信统计数据的准确性,因此你可以使用这些数据。设空处作宾语,根据空前的冠词the和空后的介词of可知,此处应用名词,故填accuracy。
4.emotional　考查形容词。句意:这种行为可能会造成心理和情绪上的问题。设空处作定语,修饰空后的名词,应该用形容词,故填emotional。
5.to/with　考查介词。句意:书的封面上有一只比格犬,它看起来和我的狗一模一样。identical与介词to或with搭配,意为“与……完全相同”,故填to或with。
6.wholly　考查副词。句意:这两个人年龄上只有几天之差,但他们好像属于完全不同年代的人。设空处修饰形容词different,所以应用副词wholly。
Ⅴ.1.had arrived　考查时态。句意:我在约定的时间赴宴,结果却发现没有其他客人到场,女主人还穿着睡衣。由语境可知,arrive这个动作发生在turned up之前,此处表示“过去的过去”,应用过去完成时。故填had arrived。
2.has walked　考查时态和主谓一致。句意:在过去的五年中,曹穿越了六大洲的三十四个国家。根据时间状语In the last five years可知,此处应用现在完成时,主语Cao为第三人称单数,助动词应用has。故填has walked。
3.has been going　考查时态和主谓一致。句意:玛丽从一月份开始每天晚上去上舞蹈课,课程将于本周结束。从一月份到现在一直在上舞蹈课,而且还没有结束,所以用现在完成进行时,主语是Mary,谓语动词应用第三人称单数,故填has been going。
4.had been working　考查时态。句意:截止到上个月末,他已经工作了30年,将于今年八月份退休。根据时间状语By the end of last month可知,到过去的某个时间点为止动作一直在进行,根据将于今年八月份退休可知,动作还未结束,应用过去完成进行时,故填had been working。
5.has won　考查时态和主谓一致。句意:布莱克先生很高兴,因为他的儿子在英语演讲比赛中获得了一等奖。根据is和语境可知,是到现在为止已完成的事,应用现在完成时,主语是his son,为单数意义,谓语动词应用第三人称单数,故填has won。
Ⅵ.1.whether you're free or busy　2.I should not give in
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.artificially　考查副词。句意:在1996年多利羊被成功克隆之前,人们曾尝试过人工克隆动物。该空修饰动词clone,因此应该用副词,故填artificially。
2.have cloned　考查动词的时态。句意:继多利之后,科学家们又克隆了许多其他哺乳动物物种。根据句意和上下文判断,此处应该用现在完成时,表示过去的动作对现在的影响。
3.scientific　考查形容词。句意:这个巨大的突破对于科学进步来说是至关重要的,特别是在医学方面。该空修饰名词advancement,因此应该填形容词。
4.using　考查动名词。句意:例如,我们可以通过使用这种技术来治疗各种疾病。by是介词,意为“通过……”,后面应该用动名词。
5.emotions　考查名词复数。句意:然而,克隆引起了大量的分歧和强烈的情绪。根据上下文判断,此处指多人的强烈情绪,应该用名词的复数形式。
6.that　考查同位语从句。句意:一些人表达了他们对这种技术可能被一些组织滥用的担忧。设空处前为名词concern,后文“the technology might be abused by some organizations”解释说明concern的具体内容,所以设空处引导同位语从句,从句成分、意义完整,故填that。
7.cloned　考查过去分词。句意:如今,我们仍然不知道克隆动物长大后会发生什么。设空处位于定冠词the之后,名词animals之前,作定语,clone与animals之间是被动关系,因此应用过去分词cloned作定语。
8.Whether　考查连词。句意:克隆对于人类来说是不是一件好事取决于人类。分析句子可知设空处引导主语从句,表示“是否……”,故填Whether。
9.increasing　考查现在分词。句意:科学经常被认为是一把双刃剑,在增加我们的财富和舒适感的同时,也让人们害怕潜在的危险,比如人类克隆。分析句子成分可知,句中已有谓语动词,所以设空处要用非谓语动词作状语,increase与句子的主语Science之间是主动关系,因此用现在分词形式。
10.in　考查介词。in fear of意为“害怕,担心”,为固定短语。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了失眠症产生的原因和改善失眠的建议,比如学习一些放松运动等。
1.from　考查介词。句意:如今,越来越多的中年人正饱受失眠之苦,因为对于中年人来说,生活尤其艰难。此处是短语suffer from“受……之苦,患……病”。故填from。
2.particularly　考查副词。句意同上题。此处修饰形容词hard,应用副词形式。故填particularly。
3.to do　考查动词不定式。句意:一方面,因为他们是公司的栋梁,所以他们在工作中有很多事情要做并且他们通常不得不加班。此处用不定式作后置定语,修饰things。故填to do。
4.parents　考查名词复数。句意:另一方面,他们在家里不得不承担很多责任,因为他们年迈的父母需要支持,年幼的孩子需要养育。根据their可知,parent应该用复数形式。故填parents。
5.why　考查表语从句。句意:那就是他们没有足够的时间好好休息的原因。they don't have enough time to have a good rest是结果;此处是句型That's why...“那就是……的原因”,用why引导表语从句。故填why。
6.choice　考查名词及其单复数。句意:我认为对他们来说这样做不是一个好的选择,因为安眠药只能摆脱失眠的征兆,而不能摆脱失眠的原因。不定冠词a后应用单数可数名词;choose是动词,其名词形式为choice。故填choice。
7.is　考查时态和主谓一致。句意:吃太多安眠药对他们的健康有害。句子主语taking too many sleeping pills是单个动名词短语,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式;句子陈述的是客观事实,应用一般现在时。故填is。
8.relaxing　考查形容词。句意:学习一些放松运动是一个好主意。修饰名词exercises,应用形容词;relax是动词,其形容词形式relaxing意为“令人放松的”,说明事物的特征。故填relaxing。
9.themselves　考查反身代词。句意:因此,我建议那些中年人应该懂得如何放松自己和他们的大脑。此处是短语relax oneself“放松自我”;从句主语those middle-aged people是第三人称复数意义,应用反身代词themselves。故填themselves。
10.which　考查定语从句。句意:此外,他们可以在睡前喝一杯牛奶,这可以帮助他们毫不费力地入睡。分析句子结构可知,　　　 can help them to fall asleep easily是非限制性定语从句,先行词为前面整个主句,在从句中作主语,所以要用which引导。故填which。
【高频词汇】　1.suffer from患……病　2.take on承担(责任)　3.responsibility n.责任,负责;义务　4.bring up抚养,养育,教养;提出　5.get rid of摆脱
Ⅲ. A
◎语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了中国首只克隆警犬昆勋已经开始在云南省进行训练,以减少训练警犬所需的成本和时间。
1.C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“周二,希诺谷副总经理赵建平在接受《环球时报》采访时表示,昆勋的诞生为将动物克隆技术推广到警犬提供了可能性,并将显著减少训练警犬的时间”可知,克隆警犬的好处是减少训练时间。故选C。
2.B　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“周二,希诺谷副总经理赵建平在接受《环球时报》采访时表示,昆勋的诞生为将动物克隆技术推广到警犬提供了可能性,并将显著减少训练警犬的时间”及第四段中的“公安部昆明警犬基地的首席研究员万九生在接受《科技日报》采访时表示,在一系列测试中,昆勋表现出比常规繁殖的昆明狼犬更好的潜力”可推知,赵建平和万九生都认为克隆动物在一些方面可以帮助人们。故选B。
3.D　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“昆勋不是第一只克隆警犬。在韩国,六只克隆警犬于2008年首次出现,并开始在街头巡逻”可知,世界上第一只克隆警犬在韩国诞生。故选D。
4.B　推理判断题。通读全文可推知,文章属于新闻报道,介绍了中国首只克隆警犬昆勋已经开始在云南省进行训练。由此推知,本文很可能选自一本杂志。故选B。
【高频词汇】　1.extend v.扩大……的范围(或影响);扩展
2.significantly adv.显著地;明显地　3.remain v.仍然是;保持不变　4.potential n.潜力,可能性adj.潜在的
5.preserve v.保持,维持　6.challenge n.挑战,艰巨任务
7.original adj.起初的,原先的　8.surroundings n.环境　9.play an important role发挥重要作用
【熟词生义】　1.address v.处理,设法解决　2.lower v.降低
【差距词汇】　1.bottleneck n.瓶颈,阻碍,障碍
2.breeding n.繁殖,生育
长难句
原句　Wan Jiusheng, a lead researcher at the Kunming Dog Base of Public Security, told the Science and Technology Daily that Kunxun shows better potential than the regularly bred Kunming wolf dogs in a series of tests.
分析　本句是主从复合句。that 引导宾语从句,在主句中a lead researcher作Wan Jiusheng的同位语,宾语从句中than the regularly bred Kunming wolf dogs作比较状语。
译文　公安部昆明警犬基地的首席研究员万九生在接受《科技日报》采访时表示,在一系列测试中,昆勋显示出比常规繁殖的昆明狼犬更好的潜力。
B
◎语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了著名女科学家芭芭拉·麦克林托克(Barbara McClintock)的经历,以及她在基因和染色体研究方面取得的重大成就。
5.D　细节理解题。根据第四段最后两句“She completed a master's degree in 1925. Two years later, she fulfilled all the requirements for a doctorate degree.”可知,McClintock在1925年拿到了硕士学位,两年后,她符合了博士学位的所有的必要条件,所以她在1927年取得博士学位。故选D项。
6.A　细节理解题。根据第五段第三句“The 1930s was not a good time to be a young scientist in the United States.”可知,在20世纪30年代年轻的科学家在美国很难找到工作。故选A项。
7.C　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“McClintock won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1983 for her discovery of the ability of genes to change positions on chromosomes.”可知,由于在基因和染色体研究方面的一些发现,McClintock获得了诺贝尔奖。故选C项。
【高频词汇】　1.requirement n.必要条件　2.in demand需求大　3.temporary adj.暂时的;临时的　4.freedom n.自由　5.financial adj.财政的,金融的　6.have an effect on...对……有影响
【差距词汇】　1.botany n.植物学　2.doctorate n.博士学位
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