UNIT 2 SUCCESS单元精讲精练课件-北师大版选择性必修一

(共97张PPT)
First, if you want to be successful, you really need to be passionate and determined about what
you do.首先,如果你想要成功,你真的需要对你所做的事情有热情和决心。 (教材P107)
情景导学
He is such a determined person that he will solve the problem however difficult it is.他是个意志
坚定的人,不论多难的问题他都会解决。
Used to taking on challenges, Sadiya was determined to do something for the children.由于习惯
了接受挑战,萨迪亚决心为孩子们做点什么。
高频词汇 情景破
高频词汇精讲
词汇1 determined adj.坚定的,坚决的
用法归纳
①be determined 　　 sth.决心做某事
②　　　 　　一个意志坚定的人
词汇拓展
①determine v.决定,决心;确定;安排;形成;查明
determine on sth.决定某事
determine to do sth.决定做某事;决心做某事
determine+that/wh-从句　决定……
Driven by heaven-knows-what motives, he determines to write a book.不知出于什么动机,他
决定写一本书。 (2019天津)
We determine that our training should keep pace with the current development in education.我
to do
a determined person
们下定决心,我们的培训应该跟上当下教育的发展。(2019天津3月改编)
②determination n.决心;决定
with determination坚决地;果断地
I reached out my hand and patted him on the shoulder gently, saying that he was a good boy
with strong determination.我伸出手,轻轻地拍了拍他的肩膀,说他是一个有着坚定决心的好孩
子。 读后续写·动作描写
You've seemed very committed to your studies recently.你最近似乎对功课很投入。 (教材P1
07)
情景导学
Tu Youyou, a committed and patient scientist, graduated from Peking University Health Science
Center in 1955.屠呦呦是一位坚定且有耐心的科学家,她于1955年毕业于北京医学院。
A person should be committed to upholding justice and shouldering social responsibility.一个人
应该致力于维护正义和承担社会责任。 (Xinhua News Agency)
词汇2 committed adj.坚定的;尽心尽力的
用法归纳
be committed 　　 (doing) sth.致力于(做)某事
词汇拓展
①commit v.承诺,保证;忠于(某个人、机构等);全心全意投入(工作、活动等);做出(错或非法
的事);调拨(钱、资源)
commit sb./oneself to(doing)sth.承诺/保证(做)某事
commit sth. to sth.调拨,拨出……供……使用
commit murder/suicide/a crime犯谋杀罪/自杀/犯罪
All in all, it is high time that we committed ourselves to protecting the ocean.总之,现在是我们
承诺保护海洋的时候了。 写作·环境保护
They called on Western nations to commit more money to the poorest nations.他们号召西方
to
国家为最贫困国家拨更多的款。
Anyone who instigates a person under the age of 18 to commit a crime shall be given a heavier
punishment.任何教唆不满十八周岁的人犯罪的人,应当从重处罚。
②commitment n.承诺,保证;奉献,献身;投入
make a commitment作出承诺
The poor woman made a commitment that she would look after the orphan forever.这个贫穷
的妇女承诺她将永远照顾这个孤儿。
Yes, that makes a lot of sense.是的,那很有道理。 (教材P107)
情景导学
Who would send me all these flowers It makes no sense.谁会给我送这么多花呢 真不可思
议。
It made sense to improve the paths by building steps, handrails and footbridges.通过建造台阶、
扶手和步行桥来改善道路是有意义的。
Try to make sense of what you see and wonder about what makes the universe exist.试着去理解
你所看到的,并琢磨是什么让宇宙存在的。
词汇3 make sense有意义;解释得通;合乎情理
用法归纳
①make sense 　　 理解,弄懂(不易理解的事物)
②make no sense 　　　　　　
③It makes sense 　　 sth.做某事是有意义的。
词汇拓展
①a sense of...……感
This display of youthful patriotism made me feel a sense of belonging.这种年轻人的爱国主义
的表现让我有了一种归属感。 写作·宣传稿
It's of great significance to help your children develop a sense of responsibility.帮助孩子培养
责任感很重要。
②There is no sense in doing sth.做某事没意义。
of
没意义;说不通
to do
There is no sense in beating about the bush.拐弯抹角地说话没意义。
③in a/one sense在某种意义上
④in no sense无论如何都不
Despite many injuries in his career, he always remained determined and focused.尽管在职业生
涯中多次受伤,他始终保持坚定和专注。 (教材P108)
情景导学
Be careful to lift that heavy box—you'll do yourself an injury!抬那个重箱子要小心——你会把
自己弄伤的!
To add insult to injury, the penalty was awarded to the other side.更糟糕的是,点球被判给了对
方。
The other two passengers escaped serious injury.另外两名乘客未受重伤。
词汇4 injury n.伤,损害
用法归纳
①do oneself 　　 injury伤到自己
②add insult 　　 injury雪上加霜;更糟糕的是
③protect...from injury保护……防止受伤
④serious/severe injury 　　　　　
词汇拓展
①injure vt.使受伤,伤害
Parents shouldn't criticize children in public not to injure their pride.父母不应该在公共场合
批评孩子,以免伤害他们的自尊心。 写作·家庭教育
②injured adj.受伤的
the injured伤者
an
to
重伤
But Jason appreciates this change.但是詹森欣赏这种变化。 (教材P31)
情景导学
I would truly appreciate it if you are willing to give a hand to us.如果你愿意帮助我们,我将不胜
感激。 写作·求助信
I really appreciate you helping me during my exchanged term.我很感激你在我成为交换生的学
期给我的帮助。
My roommates didn't seem to appreciate their contribution to my bright future.我的室友似乎并
不理解他们对我光明未来的贡献。
词汇5 appreciate vt.欣赏;赏识;感激,感谢;理解
用法归纳
①appreciate+n./pron.欣赏某物;感激某事;理解某事
②appreciate (sb.)　　 sth.感谢/感激(某人)做某事
③I would appreciate 　　 if...如果……我会很感激。
词汇拓展
①appreciation n.欣赏;感激;理解
...it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful worlds.……这让我对他奇怪而
又令人愉快的世界有了新的认识。(2019全国Ⅱ)
②appreciative adj.感激的
be appreciative of...感激……
We have been very appreciative of their support.我们对他们的支持一直非常感激。
doing
it
This worried me a lot and I felt very guilty being a rich man without doing anything.这让我非常
担心,作为一个富人却什么事情也没做,我感到非常内疚。(教材P31)
情景导学
I felt guilty about not visiting my grandparents frequently who love me very much.我因没有常去
看望我的祖父母而感到内疚,他们非常爱我。读后续写·心理描写
Some journalists are guilty of randomly reporting fake news in order to make profits.有些记者为
了获利而肆意报道虚假新闻,这种做法是不对的。
词汇6 guilty adj.内疚的,羞愧的;有过失/过错的;犯罪的
用法归纳
①be guilty 　　 (doing) sth.有……过失;犯……罪
②be/feel guilty 　　 /at (doing) sth.对(做)某事感到内疚/惭愧
词汇拓展
①guilt n.内疚;罪行
guilt about...因……而感到的内疚
She had feelings of guilt about leaving her children and going to work.她因离开自己的孩子
去工作而感到内疚。
②guiltily adv.内疚地;有罪地
I occasionally thought guiltily of the violin sitting in the back of the wardrobe.有时想起被放
在衣橱最里面的那把小提琴,我不禁感到内疚。
of
about
For more than 50 years, he has devoted his life to rice production...50多年来,他一生都致力于水
稻生产…… (教材P108)
情景导学
The doctor devotes all his time to saving people's life, winning respect from the public.这位医生
将他所有的时间都投入到挽救人们的生命中,因而赢得了大众的尊重。
We must devote great energy to addressing development's imbalances and inadequacy.我们必须
着力解决发展的不平衡和不充分问题。
She devoted herself to helping the blind and deaf children.她致力于帮助失明和耳聋的儿童。
词汇7 devote vt.把……奉献给;专心致力于
用法归纳
①devote oneself to...　　　　　
②devote time/energy/attention 　　 ...投入时间/投入精力/集中注意力于……(其中　　
为介词,后跟名词、代词或动名词)
词汇拓展
①devoted adj.挚爱的,忠诚的;全心全意的;热衷于……的
be devoted to...热衷于;致力于……
a devoted friend 忠诚的朋友
Despite many difficulties, she has been devoted to the cause for many years.尽管遇到了很多
困难,她多年来一直热衷于这项事业。
②devotion n.奉献;忠诚;专心;关爱
致力于……
to
to
one's devotion to...某人对……的奉献/关爱
Leslie Nielsen's devotion to acting is wonderfully inspiring.莱斯利·尼尔森对表演的投入非
常鼓舞人心。(2021浙江)
...the author J.K. Rowling didn't listen to the negative comments from the twelve publishers who
rejected her books.……作者J.K.罗琳没有理会拒绝(出版)她的书的12家出版商的负面评论。
(教材P109)
情景导学
...they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.……他们没有得到其他人的承认而是遭到
拒绝。 (2021全国甲)
China is constantly promoting ideas and practices,which reject international competition and con-
flict.中国不断倡导抵制国际竞争和冲突的思想和做法。(China Daily)
词汇8 reject vt.拒绝接受
用法归纳
①reject除了表示“拒绝接受”外,还可以表示“不录用;　　 ;嫌弃”。
②reject one's suggestion拒绝某人的建议
词汇拓展
rejection n.拒绝接受;拒绝;嫌弃
All too often writers of great works have had to face criticism along with rejection.创作巨著的
作家经常不得不面对批评和拒绝。
抵制
refuse 语气较重,指态度坚决、肯定无疑地拒绝,也可指不接受别人给的东西。refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事
reject 正式用词,多指由于某物/某事/某行为不能让人满意而被当面直截了当地拒绝
decline 指礼貌地拒绝他人的帮助或邀请
易混辨析
The stubborn child refused to answer any question.这个固执的孩子拒绝回答任何问题。
The court rejected the prisoner's appeal for a new trial.法院驳回了犯人的再审申请。
He declined Mary's invitation to dinner.他谢绝了玛丽的晚餐邀请。
Mm, you've convinced me to read this book!唔,你说服了我去读这本书! (教材P109)
情景导学
My parents have always convinced me to challenge myself, for which I'm really grateful.我的父
母一直说服我去挑战自己,对此我非常感激。
When you are having an interview, you need to convince the interviewers of your enthusiasm for
the job.面试的时候,你要使面试官相信你对这份工作的热情。 写作·建议信
He says it's not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it.他
说,要让人们相信海狸鼠毛皮是环保的并不容易,但他对此毫不怀疑。 (2020全国Ⅱ)
词汇9 convince vt.说服;使确信;使信服
用法归纳
①convince sb. 　　 sth.使某人相信某事物
②convince sb. 　 　 sth.说服某人做某事
③convince sb.(that)...使某人相信……
词汇拓展
①convinced adj.确信的;坚信的
be convinced of.../that...确信……
Before the truth was revealed, all people were convinced that he was innocent.真相揭露前,所
有人都坚信他是无辜的。
②convincing adj.有说服力的;令人信服的
But Darwin's scientific studies were so convincing that more and more people started to be-
lieve his theory.但是达尔文的科学研究是如此令人信服,以至于越来越多的人开始相信他的理论。
of
to do
..I would get the bus on my own at ten years old and go to swim 100 lengths of the pool...……十
岁的时候,我会自己坐公共汽车去游泳池游五十个来回…… (教材P36)
情景导学
The Yellow River is the second-longest river in China, measuring about 5,464 km in length.黄河
是中国第二长河,全长约5,464千米。
She arose at length and opened the door at her sister's request.她最终站起来,在她姐姐的请求
下开了门。读后续写·动作描写
She had always kept his family at arm's length.她一直与他的家人保持一定距离。
词汇10 length n.长度;时间的长短
用法归纳
①　　 length长度上
②　　 length长时间,详尽地;最后,经过一段长时间以后
③at arm's length一臂之遥;　　　　　
词汇拓展
①full-length adj.全身的,全长的
②lengthen v.(使)变长;(使)延长
in
at
保持一定距离
Call it unhealthy if you want, but that is the way I roll, no matter what it is I'm applying myself
to.你若想称这为一种病态也行,但那就是我做事的风格,不管做什么我都会全力以赴。 (教
材P37)
情景导学
You will pass your exams if you apply yourself to studying. Actually, the rule applies to every-
one.如果你努力学习,你就会通过考试。实际上,这条规则适用于每个人。
Applying oil to the injured areas is a bad idea, as it will keep the heat in the wounds and may
cause infection.在受伤部位涂油是个坏主意,因为它可以保持伤口的热量并可能导致感染。
I suggest you apply to Peking University, one of the best universities in China.我建议你申请北
京大学,它是中国最好的大学之一。写作·建议信
词汇11 apply oneself to sth.努力;专心致志于某事
The calculations carried out by “Jiuzhang” can potentially be applied to machine learning.由
“九章”进行的计算有可能应用于机器学习。 (China Daily)
用法归纳
①apply oneself to 　 　 sth.努力做某事;专心致志做某事
②apply to...(for...)向……申请(……)
③apply 　　 sb./sth.适用于/涉及某人/某物
④apply...　　 ...把……施于/应用于……;把……涂在……上
⑤apply to do sth.申请做某事
词汇拓展
①application n.申请;应用
a job application工作申请
a letter of application申请信
fill in an application form填写申请表
doing
to
to
written application书面申请
With advantages over traditional computers, quantum computers have a wide range of applica-
tions.量子计算机拥有传统计算机所没有的诸多优势,得到广泛应用。
I have already finished a job application form and personal resume.我已经填完一份工作申请
表和个人简历。
②applicant n.申请人(尤指求职、进高等学校等)
Applicants will be expected to have a good command of Japanese.申请人应该精通日语。
写作·招聘信息
If you want to be an Olympic champion, it's all about that little extra thing you have done in your
preparation that will set you apart from your competitors.如果你想成为奥运冠军,就要在训练
中多付出那额外的一点点,它将使你从竞争者中脱颖而出。(教材P37)
情景导学
The room fell silent apart from the soft cracking of the fire.除了炉火发出的轻微的噼啪声,房间
里一片寂静。读后续写·场景描写
His use of language set him apart from most other modern writers.他对语言的运用使他与大多
数其他现代作家不同。
I can still only tell Mark and Dave apart by the colour of their shoes.我依然只能通过马克和戴
夫的鞋的颜色区分他们。
词汇12 apart adj.& adv.分开;散开
用法归纳
①apart 　　 除了……外(都);除了……外(还);此外
②　　 ...apart (from...)使与众不同;使突出;使优于……
③set apart sth.留出/拨出某物
④　　 ...apart区分……
⑤tear...apart使……痛苦;使……分裂;把……撕碎
⑥take apart拆卸;拆开
from
set
tell
besides 表示“除……之外(还)”,同in addition to
except 表示“除了……”,仅有某事物,不包括在内,同other than
apart from 既可表示“除……之外(还)”,还可表示“除了……外(都)”,即同besides或except
易混辨析
What other sports do you like besides football 除足球外你还喜欢其他哪些运动
I like all sports except football.我喜欢除足球以外的所有运动。
All children like music apart from Bobby.除了博比,所有的孩子都喜欢音乐。
I'd prefer to have three or four outstanding years of winning stuff rather than have ten years of
being average.我宁愿有三四年的胜利辉煌,而不愿有十年的平庸无为。(教材P37)
情景导学
Compared with ten years ago, the average income in this city has increased five times.与十年前
相比,这个城市的平均收入增加了五倍。
In general, you should have your meal an average of 1.5 to 2.5 hours before exercising.一般来说,
你应该在锻炼前平均1.5到2.5小时吃饭。
On average, each report requires 1,000 hours to prepare.准备一份报告平均需要一千小时。
词汇13 average adj.平庸的,普通的;平均的;正常的 n.平均水平;平均数
用法归纳
形　①the average 　　 /costs/price平均收入/成本/价格
名　②　　 average of平均是……
③　　 average按平均值;通常情况下
④above/below average高于/低于平均水平
average 通常用来形容优劣难分的平庸或折中情况,也可用于指理论上的平均标准
medium 形容尺寸、数量、温度等处于中间的水平
易混辨析
He was only average academically.他的学业成绩只能算平平。
There are three sizes, namely small, medium and large.有三个尺码,即小号、中号和大号。
income
an
on
She has been a volleyball star for more than thirty-five years and has contributed greatly to the
sport...她成为排球明星超过35年,为这项运动做出了巨大的贡献……(教材P40)
情景导学
Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities...研究表明,情
感技能可能有助于其中一些品质……(2021新高考Ⅰ)
She contributed a number of articles to the magazine.她给这家杂志撰写了一些文章。
词汇14 contribute vi.& vt.增进;捐献;促成
用法归纳
①contribute　　 ...为……做出贡献;促使/导致……;是……的原因之一
②contribute...　　 ...为……贡献……;给……捐赠……;给……撰写……
词汇拓展
①contribution n.贡献,促成作用;捐款
make a contribution/contributions to (doing) sth.对(做)某事做出贡献
The school sees its job as preparing students to make a contribution to society.这所学校以培
养能为社会做贡献的学生为己任。
②contributor n.捐赠者;促成因素
Old buses are one of the major contributors to pollution in cities.旧公交车是造成城市污染的
主要原因之一。
to
to
The disease was so advanced that he had just a couple of months to live.疾病到了晚期,以至于他
只能活几个月了。 (教材P43)
情景导学
The classes are keyed to the needs of advanced students.这些课是针对高年级学生的需要开设
的。 (牛津)
Good living habits may be the reason why she is healthy at her advanced age.良好的生活习惯可
能是她年老时还能保持身体健康的原因。
The club will organize training courses to teach basic and advanced skiing skills.该俱乐部将组
织培训课程,教授基本和高级的滑雪技能。 写作·培训课程
词汇15 advanced adj.先进的;高级的,高等的;晚期的,后期的
用法归纳
①advanced technology/skills先进技术;　　　　
②advanced age 　 　　　
③advanced learners of English高级程度的英语学习者
词汇拓展
①advance v.前进;发展,进步;提前;促进 n.前进;进步;预付款
in advance 提前
in advance of...在……之前
technological advance技术进步
Medical technology has advanced considerably.医学技术已大大发展了。
Registration must be made at least two weeks in advance.注册必须至少提前两周进行。 (2
高级技能
高龄;年事已高
022新高考Ⅱ)
②advancement n.促进;推动;发展;前进;(工作、社会等级等的)提升,晋升
Even from his hospital bed, he continued his work, writing letters of reference for his colleagues
and replying to questions from his students.甚至在医院的病床上,他仍在继续工作,为同事们写
推荐信,回答学生们的问题。 (教材P43)
情景导学
I have nothing to say in reference to that incident.关于那次事件,我无可奉告。
He made no reference to his illness but only to his future plans.他没有提到他的病,只说了他未
来的计划。
Keep the dictionary at your hand so you can use it for reference anytime.把这本字典留在你手
边,以便随时可以参考。
There are many reference books in the library.图书馆里有大量的参考书。
词汇16 reference n.推荐信;谈到,提及
用法归纳
①　　 /with reference to关于
②make (a) reference　　 ...提及……
③　　 (future) reference以供(日后)参考
④reference book　　　　 ;工具书
词汇拓展
refer v.谈及;参考
refer to提到;查阅;参考;描述;涉及;与……有关
refer to...as...称……为……
refer...to...将……送交给……
refer to a dictionary查字典
in
to
for
参考书
In her autobiography she occasionally refers to her unhappy schooldays.她在自传中偶尔提到
她不幸的学生时代。
He had great faith in the talent of the up-and-coming generation.他对后起之秀的才能充满信
心。 (教材P43)
情景导学
We are in the face of many difficulties, yet we still have faith in victory.我们面临许多困难,然而
我们仍对胜利充满信心。
Despite some huge losses, the club's coach never lost faith in them.尽管损失巨大,但是俱乐部
教练从来没有对他们失去信心。
I think the faith that everyone has shown in him has touched him.我认为每个人对他所表现出的
信任感动了他。
Give me knowledge and good sense, for I have put my faith in your teachings.给我知识和理智,
词汇17 faith n.相信;信任
因为我相信你们的教导。
用法归纳
①lose faith 　　 ...不再信任……;对……失去信心
②have faith in...　　　　　　　　　　
③regain/restore (one's) faith in...(某人)重拾对……的信心
④keep/break faith with sb.对某人守信用/不守信用;对某人忠诚/不忠诚
⑤put one's faith in sth. 　　　　　　　
⑥　　 faith in对……表现出信任
词汇拓展
①faithful adj.忠实的;可信任的
be faithful to...对……忠实;忠于……
Dogs are friends of man because they are faithful to their master.狗是人类的朋友,因为它们对
in
对……有信心
相信某事物
show
主人很忠诚。
②faithless adj.不忠实的;不可信任的
If you don't keep your promise, you are a faithless person.如果你不信守承诺,你就是一个不
可信的人。
After 15 years at the magazine, she was passed over for promotion to editor-in-chief.在杂志社工
作十五年后,她没有被提拔为主编。(教材P44)
情景导学
A four-year tea promotion—Tea Road Cooperative Plan—was also issued in accordance with the
initiative.根据该倡议,还发布了一个为期四年的茶叶推广——茶路合作计划。 (2022全国
乙)
The magazine has no ads or sales promotions inside.这本杂志里面没有广告,也没有促销活动。
His rapid promotion to Sales Manager took everyone by surprise.他竟然很快被提拔为销售经
理,这让每个人都感到意外。
词汇18 promotion n.提升,晋升;促销活动;促进
用法归纳
①(one's/a) promotion 　　 ...被提拔/晋升为……;晋级为……
②　　 promotion促销;促销活动
③promotion worker促销员
词汇拓展
promote vt.促进,推动;晋升;促销,推销
promote sb./sth. (from...)to...使某人/某物(从……)晋升/晋级为……
get/be promoted 获得晋升
promote development 促进发展
promote understanding促进理解
They can promote people's well-being by improving their mood, reducing stress and helping
to
sales
their memory.它们可以通过改善人们的情绪、减轻压力和帮助记忆来促进人们的健康。
(2023全国乙)
词汇 释义 用法&拓展
employee n.雇员 employ vt.雇用;聘请;使用;利用
employer n.雇主
employment n.职业,工作;使用
get on 发迹;出人头地;进展; 上(车、船等);对付 How did you get on at school
你在学校的情况怎么样
I just can't get on without a friend.
没有朋友我简直寸步难行。
高频词汇积累
drop out 退出,脱离;辍学 drop out of...退出……,不再参加……
My deskmate would have dropped out of school if he hadn't been helped by others.
如果没有别人的帮助,我的同桌就已经辍学了。
ruin vt.毁掉,糟蹋,毁坏 n.毁灭,毁坏;破产;废墟,残垣断壁(常用复数) The terrible weather ruined my holiday.
糟糕的天气毁了我的假期。
in ruins毁坏;严重受损;破败不堪
The city lay in ruins after the earthquake.
地震之后,这座城市成为一片废墟。
She wasn't going to let her plans go to ruin.
她不会让她的计划破产的。
sacrifice v.& n.牺牲,献出 sacrifice...for...为……而牺牲……;牺牲……而换得……
sacrifice...to do sth. 为做某事而牺牲……
make sacrifices/a sacrifice 做出牺牲
retire vi.退休;退职 retire from...从……退休
retire as...从……职位上退休
retired adj.已退休的,已退职的
retirement n.退休,退职;退休生活
found vt.创立;创建,创办 found sth. on/upon sth.把……建立在……上
foundation n.创建;创办;基础founder n.创建者;创办者;发起人
designer n.设计师,设计者 design n.设计;安排;图案;意图vt.设计;构思;计划
by design=on purpose故意地
be designed to do...为做某事而设计的
be designed for为……设计的
Talking about being successful, Natalie,what would you say is the most important aspect of per-
sonal development 说到成功,纳特利,你认为个人发展中最重要的方面是什么 (教材P108)
情景导学
Judging from his accent, he must be from the South.从他的口音判断,他一定是南方人。(Judg-
ing的逻辑主语不是he)
Generally speaking, close friendships have three “fruits”...一般来说,亲密的友谊有三个“果
实”……(speaking的逻辑主语不是close friendships)
经典结构 情景破
结构1 悬垂分词结构
用法归纳
　　悬垂分词结构常用来表示说话人的态度、看问题的角度,或者对所叙述的情况进行解
释,是句子的独立成分,其逻辑主语不是句子的主语。常见的悬垂分词结构有frankly/broadly/
　　　　 /properly/strictly speaking、 judging　　　　 /by...、 talking about...、 speaking
of...、 taking...into consideration等。
结构拓展
有些分词在句子中逐渐起到连词或介词的作用,便把它们视为连词或介词。
Considering the dog's physical disability,Mary felt that the name was suitable.考虑到这只狗
的身体残疾,玛丽觉得这个名字是合适的。
Given her interest in children, teaching seems the right job for her.考虑到她喜欢孩子,教书看
来是很适合她的工作。
generally
from
Call it unhealthy if you want, but that is the way I roll, no matter what it is I'm applying myself
to.你若想称这为一种病态也行,但那就是我做事的风格,不管做什么我都会全力以赴。 (教
材P37)
情景导学
No matter what may happen, they've decided to leave this evening.不管发生什么事,他们已决
定今晚离开。
No matter who you are, you have no right to do such a thing.无论你是谁,你都无权做这样的
事。
...no matter how hard I tried, I was always the neglected one.……不管我多么努力,我总是那个
被忽视的人。 (2020天津)
结构2 “no matter+疑问词”引导让步状语从句
用法归纳
　　“no matter+疑问词”意为“　　 ”,用来引导让步状语从句,常见疑问词包括
　 、 whom、 what、 which、 when、 where、 how等。
结构拓展
①“疑问代词(what/who/whom/which)+-ever”可引导让步状语从句和名词性从句;引导让步
状语从句时,相当于“no matter+疑问代词”。
Whatever happened, he wouldn't say a word.=No matter what happened, he wouldn't say a
word.无论发生了什么,他一句话也不会说。(让步状语从句)
Whoever smokes here will be punished.无论谁在这里抽烟都会被惩罚。(主语从句)
②“疑问副词(where/when/how)+-ever”常引导让步状语从句,此时相当于“no matter+疑问
副词”。
无论……
who
Wherever he goes, I'll follow him.=No matter where he goes, I'll follow him.无论他去哪里,
我都会跟着他。
By the time Huang moved back to China in 2008, he had been living and working in the UK for 1
5 years.到2008年黄大年回到中国时,他已经在英国生活和工作了十五年。(教材P43)
情景导学
By the time he was a teenager, he had already enjoyed a reputation as a wonderful young musi-
cian.到他十几岁的时候,他已经享有出色的年轻音乐家的名声。
By the time this letter reaches you, I will have left the country.你收到这封信时,我已离开这个
国家。
The bus had already left by the time I got to the bus station.我到公共汽车站时,公共汽车已经开
走了。
结构3 by the time引导时间状语从句
用法归纳
　　by the time从句的时态为一般过去时的时候,主句常用　　 　　 ;by the time从句的时
态为一般现在时的时候,主句常用　 　　　 。
结构拓展
带介词by的时间状语还有“by the end of...”和“by+时间名词”,其中by表示“不迟于;在…
…之前”。by+表示现在的时间,句子常用现在完成时;by+表示过去的时间,句子常用过去完
成时;by+表示将来的时间,句子常用将来完成时。
By now,people have realized its importance.现在,人们已经意识到它的重要性。
By nine o'clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship.到昨晚九点钟,我们已
经收到二百张来自宇宙飞船的图片。
By the end of next term, we will have learnt about seven hundred English words.到下学期末
过去完成时
将来完成时
为止,我们将已经学了大约七百个英语单词。
Sentence 1
长难句 图解
译文　有些人在成为百万富翁后继续担心钱——他们努力工作以致富,但随后他们需要继
续赚钱,以便他们不会失去他们已经获得的成就感。
时间状语从句
目的状语
目的状语从句
定语从句
译文　每当他有两千多美元时,他就会向当地街头无家可归的人赠送小钞票。
Sentence 2
让步状语从句
后置定语
Sentence 3
译文　我想到了曾经错过的无数生日派对和外出的夜晚;因为一直寻找可以训练的游泳池,
而破坏了一次去法国的家庭度假;为了和当地的铁人三项运动员一起骑行训练,我忙着在约
翰内斯堡市中心租车,开车闯过“禁行”区,差点错过哥哥的婚礼。
定语从句
结果状语
原因状语从句
Sentence 4
译文　做我们作为运动员所做的事情让我们与众不同,因为我们愿意做一点额外的事情,它
可能会把我们带到顶峰。
定语从句
宾语从句
动名词
　　动名词是非谓语动词的一种,它既具有名词的特征,也具有动词的特征,在句中可作主
语、宾语、表语、定语。
一、动名词的形式
情景导学
The house is in the process of being built.房子正在建设之中。
Mary regrets having been idle when young.玛丽后悔虚度了青春。
Tom was very unhappy for not having been invited to the party.因为没有被邀请参加聚会,汤姆
很不高兴。
After putting on his yellow boots and rain coat, he followed his father into the rain.他穿上黄色的
必备语法 情景破
靴子和雨衣后,跟着父亲走进了雨里。读后续写·动作描写
用法归纳
(1)动名词的一般式表示一般性动作或与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的动作。主动语态
形式为doing,被动语态形式为①　　　　　　　 。
(2)动名词的完成式表示发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前的动作。主动语态形式为②　
　　 ,被动语态形式为having been done。
(3)动名词的否定形式是在其前加not。
being done
having done
二、动名词的功能
(一)作主语
情景导学
Buying loads of new clothing is harmful to the environment.买一大堆新衣服对环境有害。
Before everything else, getting ready is the secret of success.在其他一切(开始)之前做好准备是
成功的秘诀。
It is no use buying books but not reading them.买书而不读没有意义。
Seeing much, suffering much, and studying much are the three main sources of learning.多见
识、多吃苦和多研究是知识的三大来源。
用法归纳
(1)动名词作主语时常表示抽象的、习惯性的或经常性的动作。单个动名词(短语)作主语时,
谓语动词常用③　　 形式。
(2)动名词作主语时有时可用it作④　　　　　 ,而把动名词置于后面。常见句型为“It is
no use/no good/a waste of time doing...”。
特别提醒
(1)两个或多个动名词(短语)作主语,谓语动词的数根据句意而定。如果指一件事,谓语动词
用单数形式;如果指不同的事,谓语动词用复数形式。
(2)动名词作主语多表示一般的、抽象的、泛指的概念或一个已经完成的动作。不定式作主
语多表示具体的某一次行为或将来的动作,强调的是动作本身。有时二者之间区别很小,可
互换。
单数
形式主语
(二)作宾语
情景导学
I gave up going to the theatre after I moved out of London.我搬离伦敦以后就不再去看戏了。
He got well-prepared for the interview, for he couldn't risk losing the good opportunity.他为这
次面试做了充分准备,因为他不能冒失去这一良机的风险。
One never loses by doing a good turn.【谚】行善者决无一失。
用法归纳
　　动名词作宾语时,可位于(短语)动词之后,也可位于⑤　　 之后。常接动名词作宾语的
动词及短语动词有appreciate(感激)、consider(考虑)、delay(推迟)、avoid(避免)、finish(完
成)、imagine(想象)、miss(错过)、mean(意味着)、resist(抵制)、
risk(冒险)、suggest(建议)、recommend(建议)、mind(介意)、escape(避免)、admit(承认)、al-
low(允许)、give up(放弃)、insist on(坚决要求)、feel like(想要)、lead to(导致)、look for-
ward to(期待,盼望)等。
(三)作表语
情景导学
What I am tired of is waiting here alone.=Waiting here alone is what I am tired of.我厌烦独自在
这里等。
介词
My job is teaching you English.=Teaching you English is my job.我的工作是教你们英语。
My hobby is collecting stamps because I can learn many things through these little stamps.我的
爱好是收集邮票,因为通过这些小邮票我可以学到很多东西。
用法归纳
　　作表语的动名词解释说明⑥　　 的内容,表示笼统、抽象的概念。由于动名词可作主
语,所以此处主语和表语可以互换。
(四)作定语
情景导学
Bedding is not provided, so bring a sleeping bag.不提供卧具,所以得自备睡袋。
Talk softly in the reading room in order not to disturb others.在阅览室里要轻声说话, 以免打扰
别人。
I was not sure what made me look at her as she walked slowly by her wooden walking stick.当她
拄着木拐杖慢慢走时,我不确定是什么促使我看着她。
主语
用法归纳
　　动名词作定语通常是单个的动名词,因此常被置于被修饰词⑦　　 ,表示被修饰词的
功能或作用,相当于“名词+for doing”。
三、动名词的逻辑主语
情景导学
His coming late made the employer angry.他的迟到令雇主生气。
Mary's going there is of no help.玛丽去那儿没有帮助。
之前
用法归纳
　　动名词可以带有自己的逻辑主语,构成“名词所有格/形容词性物主代词+动名词”,即
动名词的复合结构。
特别提醒
动名词的逻辑主语如果是无生命的东西或表示泛指意义的有生命的东西,只能用名词普通
格。
冠词
　　冠词是虚词,不能脱离名词而存在,包括不定冠词a/an和定冠词the。
一、不定冠词a/an的用法
情景导学1
I saw an old building in the town.我在这个城镇里看见了一座古建筑。
Suddenly a football fell just in front of me and almost hit me.突然一个足球恰好落在我面前,并
且差点打到我。
The “Chinese Dream” is a dream to improve people's well-being and a dream of harmony,
peace and development.“中国梦”是一个改善民生的梦,是一个和谐、和平与发展的梦。
用法归纳1
(1)不定冠词用在⑧　　 　　 前表示泛指,泛指某人或某事(物)。不定冠词与单数可数名词
连用也可表示一类人或物。发音以辅音音素开头的单词前用a,发音以元音音素开头的单词
前用an。
(2)第一次谈及某人或某事(物),经常用不定冠词a/an。
情景导学2
She is a high school teacher, whose name is Jasmine.她是一位中学教师,名叫贾丝明。
The Whites consider their daughter an excellent musician.怀特夫妇认为他们的女儿是一位优秀
的音乐家。
单数可数名词
用法归纳2
　　不定冠词用于单数可数名词前表示身份、职业,尤其用在作表语或宾语补足语的名词
前。
情景导学3
I was born on a Sunday twelve years ago when the sun was shining brightly.十二年前,我出生在
一个阳光明媚的星期日。
Excuse me, is there a Mr Tailor living in the neighborhood Here is a parcel for him.打扰一下,这
个街区住着一位名叫泰勒的先生吗 这里有一个他的包裹。
用法归纳3
　　不定冠词用在⑨　 　 或时间名词前表示不确定的某个人或某个时间,用在人名前还可
以表示与某人有类似特征的人。
情景导学4
The medicine is to be taken three times a day.这种药每天吃三次。
The car travels at 50 miles an hour.这辆小汽车每小时行驶50英里。
She didn't like the colour of the two bags and asked for a third one.她不喜欢这两个包的颜色,
又要了一个。
人名
用法归纳4
(1)不定冠词用在⑩　 　 前不表示次序,而表示“再一,又一”,即在原有基础上的进一步增
加。
(2)不定冠词用在表示长度、时间等的计量单位的名词前,表示“每一”。
情景导学5
It hit me all of a sudden that I had forgotten her birthday.我突然想起,我把她的生日给忘了。
As a rule, our academic year begins early in September.我们的学年通常在九月初开始。
序数词
用法归纳5
　　不定冠词常用在一些固定搭配中,如all of a sudden突然;as a rule通常;have a word with
sb.同某人谈话;wait a moment 等一会儿;as a result 因此;once in a while 偶尔;in a hurry匆忙地;
do sb. a favour帮某人忙;take an active part 积极参加;once upon a time从前;in a word总之。
二、定冠词the的用法
情景导学1
—Did you enjoy yourself yesterday
—Yes, as you know, the party went on in a pleasant atmosphere.
——你昨天玩得开心吗
——是的,正如你所知,聚会是在令人愉快的气氛中进行的。
用法归纳1
定冠词the用在名词前指别人都知道我们谈论的是哪个人(或物)、哪件事,并能很容易判定该
人(或物)、该事,表示 　　 。
情景导学2
Don't stand in the rain.不要站在雨中。
The sun went behind a cloud.太阳躲在了一朵云的后面。
Do you know who invented the telephone 你知道谁发明了电话吗
特指
用法归纳2
　　定冠词the用在表示世界上独一无二的人或物、自然现象、发明物的名词之前。
情景导学3
They want the United Nations to play a bigger role as the world's peacekeeper.他们希望联合国
作为世界维和组织发挥更大的作用。
Marco Polo is said to have sailed on the Pacific Ocean on his way to Java.据说马可·波罗去爪哇
岛途中曾在太平洋上航行。
用法归纳3
　　定冠词the用于表示河流、海洋、山脉、群岛、组织、机构、报纸等的专有名词前。
情景导学4
I think the dog is the most loyal friend of humans.我认为狗是人类最忠实的朋友。
The Border collie is an intelligent animal.博德牧羊犬是聪明的动物。
用法归纳4
　　定冠词the与单数名词连用表示整个种类。
情景导学5
It is the third time that he's failed his driving test. 那已经是他第三次未通过驾照考试了。
Which do you think is the more interesting story of the two 你认为这两个故事哪个更有趣
I'd like to use the thickest dictionary on the bookshelf.我想用书架上最厚的那本字典。
用法归纳5
　　定冠词the用在序数词、比较级(两者相比较,表示特指的时候)和 　　　 前。
情景导学6
The old feel the cold more than the young.老年人比年轻人怕冷。
Many of the injured are still in danger.许多伤者仍处于危险中。
最高级
用法归纳6
　　定冠词the和形容词连用,表示具有统一特征的一类人或事物。作主语时,谓语动词用
　　 。
情景导学7
Jim is paid by the hour.吉姆的工资按小时付。
Eggs are sold by the kilogram.鸡蛋按千克出售。
复数
用法归纳7
　　定冠词the用在表示计量单位的名词前,即“by+the+名词”含有“每,每一”的意思。
特别提醒
若其中的名词为抽象名词则不加冠词,如by weight、by height等。
情景导学8
The Whites settled down in Canada last year.去年怀特一家在加拿大定居了。
The Smiths are praised for the way they bring up their children.史密斯夫妇因他们教养孩子的
方式而受到表扬。
用法归纳8
　　定冠词the用在姓氏的复数形式前,表示 　　 或夫妻俩。
情景导学9
The birds are flying to the north.这些鸟正向北方飞去。
He plays the violin very well.他小提琴拉得很好。
一家人
用法归纳9
　　定冠词the可用在表示方向、方位的名词及西洋乐器名词前。
情景导学10
I went to a hair salon in London the other day.几天前我去了伦敦的一家发廊。
Jane's grandmother had always wanted to write a children's book for many years, but one thing
or another always got in the way.多年来,简的奶奶一直想写一本儿童读物,但总是被这样或那
样的事情阻碍。
用法归纳10
　　定冠词常用在一些固定搭配中,如by the way 顺便说一下;all the time始终;in the middle
of在……中间;the other day几天前;get in the way妨碍;at the moment现在,此刻;on the one
hand...on the other hand...一方面……另一方面……;in the
afternoon/morning/night/evening在下午/早上/夜间/晚上;in the year 2022 在2022年;on the
whole大体上,基本上;at the same time 同时;at the bottom of 在……底部;in the end最后;in the
daytime在白天。
三、零冠词的用法
情景导学1
Teachers are badly needed in the remote districts.偏远地区非常需要教师。
Cars are still expensive for lower-income people.对于低收入人群来说,汽车仍然昂贵。
Some people fear that pollution may bring about changes in the weather around the world.有些人
担心污染会引起世界各地天气的变化。
用法归纳1
　　不可数名词、复数名词表泛指时用零冠词。
情景导学2
John is captain of the football team.约翰是足球队的队长。
They elected him president of the society.他们选他为该协会的会长。
Peter Spencer, headmaster of the school, told us, “A fifth of students here go on to study at the
University of Oxford or the University of Cambridge.” 这所学校的校长彼得·斯宾塞告诉我们:
“这里五分之一的学生会到牛津或剑桥大学继续学习。”
用法归纳2
　　称呼语及表示独一无二的头衔、职务的名词作 　　 、补足语或同位语时,用零冠
词。
情景导学3
Monday comes before Tuesday.星期二在星期一之后。
Won't you stay for lunch 你不留下来吃午饭吗
I must finish it by the end of July.我必须在七月底前完成它。
Did you use to play football 你过去常踢足球吗
For us, research and teaching go hand in hand.对于我们来说,研究与教学密切相关。
表语
用法归纳3
表示季节、月份、三餐、大洲、 　　 、球类运动、棋类、学科、语言的名词前及某些
惯用语中用零冠词。
情景导学4
I want to go to school/bed/college/hospital.我想去上学/去睡觉/去上大学/去医院看病。
星期
用法归纳4
　　零冠词用于某些与学习、生活、娱乐等相关的单数名词前,表示相关的活动。
特别提醒
若不是指活动,而是指具体的事物,则要用冠词。比较:
go to the bed到床边去(侧重指“床”这个实体)
go to bed上床睡觉(侧重指与“床”有关的活动,即睡觉)
情景导学5
There is no such thing as a free lunch in the world.天下没有免费的午餐。
He became a doctor while his brother turned teacher.他成了一名医生而他弟弟成了教师。
用法归纳5
　　有一些使用零冠词的固定结构,如no与such连用时no放在such之前,such后的名词使用零
冠词;在turn(意为“变成,成为”,系动词)后作表语的名词前不用冠词,但在系动词become后
作表语的单数可数名词前面要加冠词。
即时巩固讲
单句语法填空
1.　　　　 (exchange) ideas and information openly is useful for our improvement.
2.As a curious teenager, I look forward to 　　 　　 (explore) the universe.
3.He recommended 　　　 　 (read) the book before seeing the movie yesterday.
4.Many people were waiting in the　　　 　 (wait) room.
5.My main job is 　　　　 (collect) information about our customers.
6.Bob's 　　　 　 (come) to help contributed to the on-time accomplishment of our task.
7.I'd appreciate your　　　　 (write) me back at your earliest convenience.
8.It's no good 　　　 　 (regret) your past mistakes.
9.It's the first time that I have spoken to so large 　 audience.
Exchanging
exploring
reading
waiting
collecting
coming
writing
regretting
an
10.Therefore, it is important that the whole society help create 　　　　 barrier-free environ-
ment for them.
11.Now that you've got the chance, you might as well make　　　　 most of it.
12.A group of young pioneers always accompany 　　　　 disabled girl on her way to school.
13.India attained　　　　 independence in 1947, after　　　　 long struggle.
14.On the one hand, I want to go to the party, but on　　　　 other hand I ought to be study-
ing.
15.I can't believe the first month is coming to 　　　　 end.
16.As is often the case, 　　　　 rich are not always happy.
a
the
the
/
a
the
an
the