UNIT 5 HUMANS AND NATURE单元精讲精练课件-北师大版必修二

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名称 UNIT 5 HUMANS AND NATURE单元精讲精练课件-北师大版必修二
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版本资源 北师大版(2019)
科目 英语
更新时间 2025-07-09 18:26:22

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(共76张PPT)
  Comments beautiful, quiet, green, busy, crowded评论 美丽的、安静的、绿色的、繁
忙的、拥挤的 (教材P28)
情景导学
Has anyone made a comment about/on the online database 有人对在线数据库发表过意见吗
“Very delicious!” Mother commented, hugging the girls tightly.“很好吃!”母亲评论道,紧紧
地拥抱着女儿们。 (读后续写·动作描写)
Jean commented that she thought it was time for us to go home.琼评论说她认为我们该回家了。
高频词汇精讲
词汇 1 comment n.评论;意见 vi.& vt.评论;发表意见
高频词汇 情景破
  As you make your lifestyle changes, you may find yourself wanting to speak up for yourself
if others comment on what you're doing.当你改变你的生活方式时,你可能会发现,如果别人对
你的所作所为发表评论,你会想为自己说好话。 (2023浙江1月)
用法归纳
①make a comment/comments    ...对……进行评论/发表意见
②comment    /upon...评论……;对……发表意见
③comment+      评论说……
on/about
on 
that从句
  to survive a storm 从风暴中活下来 (教材P30)
词汇 2 survive v.活下来;幸存;比……活得长;幸免于难,挺过(难关)
情景导学
I can't survive on $50 a week.一周50美元,我无法维持我的生活。
Most women survive their spouses by several years.大多数女性比她们的配偶多活好几年。
Some strange customs have survived from earlier times.一些奇怪的习俗是从早年留存下来
的。
That project not only survived the lockdown but worked where traditional methods didn't.那个
项目不仅在封锁期间幸存下来,而且在传统方法不起作用的地方发挥了作用。 (2023北京
改编)
用法归纳
①survive sth. 幸免于某事物;从某事物中挺过来/活过来
②survive sb.    ...比某人多活……
③survive    ...从……存活下来/留存下来
④survive    ...靠……存活/生存
词汇拓展
①survival n.[U]幸存,存活;[C]幸存事物,残存物
②survivor n.幸存者,生还者
by
from
on
  The moment I heard the word I became very frightened.我一听到这个词就变得非常害
怕。 (教材P30)
词汇 3 frightened adj.受惊的,害怕的
情景导学
He was frightened to walk at night.他害怕在夜里走路。
She was frightened that she might be laughed at by others.她害怕自己可能会被他人嘲笑。
(读后续写·心理描写)
I was frightened of thunder when I was young.我小的时候害怕雷声。
It's dangerous to guide the Asian elephants south because elephants may attack people if they are
frightened.带领亚洲象往南走是很危险的,因为如果大象受惊,它们可能会攻击人。 (China
Daily)
用法归纳
①be frightened    (doing) sth.害怕(做)某事
②be frightened    ...害怕做……
③be frightened+      ...害怕……
④be frightened to death 吓得要死
of
to do
that从句
词汇拓展
①frightening adj.令人惊恐的,骇人的
My most frightening but magical experience was now captured forever in a single image.我最
可怕但最神奇的经历当时被永远地记录在一张照片中。
②frighten vt.使害怕,使惊吓 vi.害怕,受惊吓
frighten...away/off把……吓走;把……吓得不敢(做某事)
frighten sb. into (doing) sth.把某人吓得做某事
frighten sb. to death把某人吓得要死
③fright n.惊吓,恐怖;恐怖的经历
with fright害怕地
The little girl was frightened at the sight of the frightening snake and was shaking with fright.
这个小女孩一看到这条可怕的蛇就感到很害怕,吓得发抖。 (读后续写·情节描写)
易混辨析
frightened 表示“害怕的,受惊的”,可用作定语或表语,
常形容人的主观感受,也可修饰人的表情、
声音等
frightening 表示“令人害怕的”,可用作定语或表语,常
形容事物本身具有的性质
  After a while, I became curious about the whirlpool itself.过了一会儿,我开始对旋涡本身
感到好奇。 (教材P31)
词汇 4 curious adj.好奇的;求知欲强的;稀奇古怪的
情景导学
I was curious to find out what had happened to him.我真想弄清楚他身上发生了什么。
The audience is curious about how Yang Liwei became the first Chinese astronaut in space.观众
很好奇杨利伟是如何成为中国第一位进入太空的航天员的。
用法归纳
①be curious    ...对……感到好奇
②be curious    sth.很想做某事
about
to do
词汇拓展
①curiously adv.好奇地
②curiosity n.好奇心
out of curiosity出于好奇
show curiosity about...对……显露出好奇心
  I then made three important observations.后来我得到了三个重要的观察结果。 (教材P31)
词汇 5 observation n.观察;观察结果;观测;监视
情景导学
The doctors are under observation at present.这些医生目前正在观察之中。
China sent Chang'e 4 to explore the surface of the far side of the moon to make measurements
and observations.中国派出嫦娥四号探测月球背面的地面,进行测量和观测。
用法归纳
①   observation 在观察中;在监视下
②make observations     
under
进行观测
词汇拓展
①observe v.看到,注意到;观察,注视,监视;遵守(规则、法律等);庆祝,庆贺
observe sb. do/doing sth.看到某人做了/正在做某事
observe+that/wh-从句 注意到……
observe a rule/the law遵守规则/法律
We cannot always observe all the customs handed down to us from the past.我们不能总是遵
守从过去传下来的所有的习俗。
When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house,observing how
nature solved problems.当约翰·托德还是个孩子的时候,他喜欢探索房子周围的树林,观察大
自然是如何解决问题的。 (2023新课标Ⅰ)
The police observed a man enter the bank.警察注意到一名男子走进了银行。
②observer n.观察者
特别提醒
observe后可用省略to的不定式作宾语补足语,但在被动语态中,即不定式作主语补足语时,to
不能省略。
...the second, between two objects of equal extent, round objects fell down more rapidly...……第
二,在两个同样大小的物体之间,圆的物体下落得更快…… (教材P31)
词汇 6 equal adj.相等的;相同的;平等的;能胜任的 n.同等的人 v.与……相等;比得上,敌得过
情景导学
Are you sure he is equal to the work 你确定他能胜任这份工作吗
The three newly approved chicken varieties are equal to imports in terms of the growth rate, meat
production and the feed-conversion rate.新批准的三种鸡在生长速度、产肉量和饲料转化率方
面和进口鸡是一样的。  (China Daily)
He is a basketball player without equal.他是一个无与伦比的篮球运动员。
No one can equal me in making efforts.在努力方面,没有人能敌得过我。
用法归纳
①be equal    ...与……相等;能胜任/能应付……(   为介词)
②be equal in...在……方面平等
③be without equal/have no equal  
④A equal(s) B    (doing) sth. A在(做)某事上比得上或敌得过B
to
to
无与伦比;无敌
in
词汇拓展
①equally adv.平等地;同样地;相等地
A few weeks later I was equally shocked.几周后我同样感到震惊。 (2023北京)
②equality n.平等;相等;均等
racial/social/sexual equality种族/社会/男女平等
All men are born equal, so everyone hopes to be treated equally because equality is the basic
demand.人人生而平等,所以每个人都希望被平等对待,因为平等是基本要求。
  Without waiting, I jumped into the sea to try and escape.没有等待,我跳进海里试图逃跑。
(教材P31)
词汇 7 escape vi.& vt.逃离;逃避 n.逃跑,逃脱,逃避;暂时解脱
情景导学
The adult bees were angry and kept attacking as Ziyad escaped from the tree.Ziyad从树上逃跑
时,成年蜜蜂很生气,不断攻击。 (2023浙江1月)
The naughty boy escaped being punished at last.那个淘气的男孩最终没有受到惩罚。
However, when we seek to be alone, we must be careful that we do not always escape into our
own world.然而,当我们寻求独处时,我们必须小心,不要总是逃到自己的世界。
She had a narrow escape.她是死里逃生。
用法归纳
①escape    ...从……逃脱
②escape (   ) sth.避免/逃脱(做)某事
③escape to/into...逃往/逃进……
④a narrow escape     
⑤make one's escape某人逃跑
from
doing
死里逃生
  In a rescue attempt during the Nepal earthquake...在尼泊尔地震的一次救援行动中……
(教材P34)
词汇 8 attempt n.& vt.努力,企图,试图,尝试
情景导学
The two girls failed to make bread at the first attempt, looking at each other without knowing
what to do.这两个女孩第一次尝试做面包就失败了,她们看着对方,不知道该做什么。 (读
后续写·情节描写)
The newspaper made an attempt to package news as entertainment.这家报社试图把新闻包装成
娱乐形式。
This town bans the use of plastic bags in an attempt to protect the environment and cut waste.这
个镇禁止使用塑料袋,以保护环境,减少浪费。
The UNESCO World Cultural Heritage Sites programme attempts to protect and preserve the best
of human history.联合国教科文组织世界文化遗产计划试图保护和保存人类历史上最好的东西。
用法归纳
①in an attempt     sth.为了做某事
②make an attempt    sth./at (doing) sth.试图做某事
③   the first attempt第一次尝试
④attempt    sth.试图/努力做某事
词汇拓展
attempted adj.未遂的
to do
to do 
at
to do
  As you know,natural disasters like earthquakes,floods and landslides can cause death and
other loss and damage that is hard to measure.正如你所知道的,像地震、洪水和山体滑坡这样
的自然灾害会造成死亡和其他难以估量的损失和破坏。 (教材P103)
词汇 9 damage n.伤害,损伤,损害 v.损害,伤害;损坏,破坏
情景导学
I come to you to apologize for causing damage indirectly.我来找你为我间接造成了破坏道歉。
The damage to his reputation was considerable.他的声誉受到的损害相当大。
The accident did severe damage to his liver.这起事故对他的肝脏造成了严重的损害。
The car was badly damaged in the accident.这辆汽车在事故中严重受损。
用法归纳
①do/cause damage (   ...) (对……)造成破坏/伤害
②serious/severe/minor damage重大的/严重的/轻微的损坏
③be badly damaged       
易混辨析
damage 多指轻度损坏、部分性损坏,一般是可修复的
ruin 多指自然因素对建筑物、动植物、城镇等造成严重破坏,破坏的后果往往是事物丧失价值;也可指使假期、希望、梦想、前程等美好的事物尽毁或严重危害健康等
destroy 指彻底地毁掉或毁灭,使无法修复或不复存在;也可指希望、计划等落空
to
遭受严重损害
  ...and other loss and damage that is hard to measure.……以及其他难以估量的损失和损
害。 (教材P103)
词汇 10 measure vt.估量,衡量;测量 n.措施,方法;判断;衡量
情景导学
Success is not always measured by wealth.成功并不总是用财富衡量的。
She measured the customer for a new suit.为了(做)一套新衣服,她给那个顾客量了尺寸。
Special measures will be taken to safeguard the objects.将采取特殊措施来保护这些物品。
He angered me beyond measure.他使我非常生气。
用法归纳
①measure...    ...用……来计量/衡量……
②measure sb.    ...为……而给某人量尺寸
③take measures (    sth.)采取措施(做某事)
④   measure 非常,极其
⑤in full measure最大程度地;最大限度地
⑥made to measure量身定制
特别提醒
(1)measure表示“措施”之意时常用其复数形式measures;
(2)measure还可用作连系动词,表示“有……长(宽、高等)”,后跟测量的数值,不用于进行时
和被动语态,作定语时要用现在分词形式,有类似用法的还有weigh。
by
for
to do
beyond
词汇拓展
measurement n.测量,度量;尺寸,长度
  Mr Wang, I know you have been part of many rescue operations overseas...王先生,我知道
你参与了很多海外救援行动…… (教材P103)
词汇 11 operation n.行动,活动;手术;操作;运作
情景导学
When the machine is in operation, keep away from it.机器运转时,要远离它。
Climate prediction has only come into operation in recent years.气候预测只是在近几年才开始
实施。
The doctor performed a knee replacement operation on a woman patient.医生给一位女病人做了
膝关节置换手术。 (2021全国乙改编)
We hope to bring the seven new stations into operation by the middle of this year.我们希望将七
个新的站点在今年年中前投入使用。
用法归纳
①bring/put...   operation使……运作/运转;实施……
②come/go    operation开始实施;开始生效
③   operation工作中;使用中;有效
④perform an operation    sb.给某人做手术
into
into
in
on
词汇拓展
①operate v.运转,工作;做手术;起作用;操作;经营
operate on...=give/perform an operation on...给……做手术
be operated by...由……操作
The doctor decided to operate on the patient's eyes.医生决定给这个病人的眼睛动手术。
A drone is an aircraft without a pilot that is operated by remote control.无人机是一种没有飞
行员的飞机,通过遥控操作。
②operator n.操作人员;技工;接线员;经营者
Can a small group of drones guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same
time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year 一小群无人机能保证铁路的安全
性和可靠性,同时帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元吗 (2022全国乙)
But it's our duty to try our best to reduce suffering and the loss of life.但我们有责任尽最大努力
减少痛苦和生命的丧失。(教材P104)
词汇 12 suffering n.(肉体或精神上的)痛苦;折磨
词汇拓展
suffer v.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦;遭受,蒙受
suffer from...遭受……之苦;患……病
The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage.
在树木遭受最严重缺水的地区,大树的损失最大。
A large number of people around the world are still suffering from lack of food.全世界仍有大
量的人遭受着缺乏食物的痛苦。
特别提醒
suffer用作及物动词时,其后常接的宾语有loss、pain、injury、punishment、hunger、defeat
等;suffer from表示遭受战争、自然灾害等带来的苦难及患病之意。
  ...both teams organised food bases in preparation for their journeys the next year.……两队
都筹备了粮食基地,为他们第二年的旅程做准备。 (教材P36)
词汇 13 preparation n.准备,预备;准备工作
情景导学
In preparation for the Olympic Winter Games,the government built several stadiums.为冬季奥运
会做准备,政府建了几个体育场。
As the running race was coming, students were making preparations for it.随着跑步比赛即将到
来,学生们正在为它做准备。
用法归纳
①in preparation    ...为……做准备
②make        for...为……做准备
for
preparations
词汇拓展
①prepare v.使做好准备;准备
prepare sb. for sth.使某人为某事做好准备
prepare to do sth.准备做某事
prepare for...为……做准备(强调动作)
The teacher is preparing a quiz, while the students are preparing for it.老师正在准备一次测
试,而学生们正在为测试做准备。
②prepared adj.准备好;有所准备;愿意;事先做好的
be prepared for sth.为某事做好准备(强调状态)
be prepared to do sth.愿意做某事
  First, his two sledges broke down...先是他的两辆雪橇坏了…… (教材P36)
词汇 14 break down 停止运转,出故障;垮掉;(使)分解;失败;禁不住哭出来;消除
情景导学
It takes hundreds of years for plastic to break down, but much less time for paper.塑料分解需要
数百年,但纸张分解需要的时间要少得多。
My brother's health broke down under the pressure of work.我哥哥因工作压力身体垮掉了。
词汇拓展
①break in强行进入
②break out爆发;突然开始
A fire broke out near here yesterday.昨天这附近突然发生了一场火灾。
③break into强行闯入;突然开始(笑、唱等)
④break off折断;中断
⑤break up结束;(物理)分解;打碎;破裂;解散
The meeting didn't break up until noon.集会到中午才结束。
⑥break through克服;战胜;突破;取得突破
⑦break away from突然挣脱;逃脱
特别提醒
break up和break down都可以表示“分解”。break up表示物理上的分解;break down表示化
学上的分解,即通过分解生成了新的物质。
情景助记
break down各词义辨析
分解  出故障 情不自禁地哭起来  谈判失败
词汇 释义 用法&拓展
crowded adj.拥挤的;挤满人的;充满的 be crowded with...挤满了……
crowd n.人群 vt.挤满;塞满;使……拥挤
crowds of...成群的……the crowd群众
Thousands of people crowded the narrow streets.成千上万的人把狭窄的街道挤得水泄不通。
高频词汇积累
shock vt.使震惊;使难以置信n.震惊;
令人震惊的事;惊吓;休克;剧
烈震动 be shocked at...对……感到震惊
be shocked to do...因做……而感到震惊
shock表示“令人震惊的事”时为可数名词,常用单数形式。
come as a shock让人震惊
The news of her promotion came as a shock.她晋升的消息让人震惊。
shocking adj.令人震惊的;令人气愤的
file n.档案,卷宗;文件 v.把……归档;提起(诉讼);排成一行行走(生义) He is organized and files everything by season.他很有条理,把所有东西按季节归档。
extent n.面积;长度;范围;程度 to a certain extent在一定程度上
to some extent在某种程度上
trap vt.使陷于危险中;困住;诱使
n.陷阱,圈套;困境 be trapped in...被困在……trap sb. into (doing) sth.诱使某人做某事
fall into/avoid the trap of do-ing sth.落入/避开做某事的陷阱
death n.死,死亡;生命的终止,死亡状态;毁灭 a sudden death猝死
frighten/scare sb. to death把某人吓得要死
die v.死亡;凋谢;消失;消亡
die of/from...死于……
be dying for sth./to do sth.渴望某物/极想做某事
die out灭绝;消失
dead adj.死的;失去生命的 n.死者;死 adv.完全地;非常;极度
dying adj.临死的;垂死的
conduct vt.& vi.指挥 vt.实施;进行;执
行;组织;安排;传导(热或电等能量);引导;带领;为(某人)导游;举止n.行为,举止;经营方式(生义) conduct an experiment/a survey做实验/进行调查
Who conducted the band this evening 今天晚上谁指挥的乐团
Other people judge him by his conduct.别人通过他的行为来评价他。
conductor n.(乐队、合唱队等的)指挥;导体;售票员
conduction n.(热或电等能量的)传导
breathe vi.& vt.呼吸vt.呼出;低声说
(生义) breathe in吸气
breathe out呼气
breathe deeply深吸一口气
breathe a sigh of relief安心地松一口气
base n.基地,大本营;基础;根基 vt.以……为基地 be based on...以……为基础
(或根据)
be based in/at...把总部设在…
…;以……为据点
basic adj.基本的;基础的;初
级的;基本需要的
basis n.基础;基准,准则;原因;
缘由
on the basis of...根据……
on a(n)...basis以……方式/标

anxiously adv.焦虑地;不安地 anxious adj.焦虑的;忧虑的;
担心的;渴望;非常希望
be anxious about sth./for sb.为
……焦虑;担心……
be anxious (for sb.) to do sth.
渴望(某人)做某事
be anxious for.../that...渴望…

anxiety n.焦虑;忧虑;担心;渴

ambition n.抱负,雄心;追求的目标,夙愿 achieve one's ambition实现某人的夙愿
a lifelong ambition终身追求的目标
ambitious adj.有野心的;有雄心的;费力的;耗资的
prove vt.证明;证实 linking v.被发现是,证明是 prove sth. to sb.向某人证明某事
prove+that从句 证明……prove sb.+形容词 证明某人是……的
prove (to be)+名词/形容词 被证明是……
distant adj.久远的;遥远的;远房的;疏远的 a distant cousin远房表亲
distance n.距离;远处;疏远
in the distance在远处
at/from a distance离一段距离;从远处
keep sb. at a distance与某人保持一定距离
shelter n.避难所;居所;遮蔽;庇护 vt.保护;掩蔽 vi.躲避(风雨或危险) take shelter from...躲避……
shelter sb./sth. from...保护某人/某物免受……
shelter from...躲避……
It took less than a single day to change my hair from black to white.用了不到一天的时间,我的
头发就从黑色变成了白色。 (教材P30)
经典结构 情景破
结构 1 it takes (sb.) some time to do sth.做某事花费(某人)多长时间
情景导学
It takes me an hour to practice running every day in order to do well in the sports meeting.我每天
花一个小时练习跑步,以便在运动会上表现优异。 (写作·体育锻炼)
It took the workers 3 years to build the bridge.工人们花了3年时间建造这座桥。
It takes a lot of courage to risk one's own life to save someone else's.冒着自己的生命危险拯救
别人的生命需要很多勇气。
用法归纳
it takes/took+一段时间/金钱+for sb./sth. to do sth.=it takes/took sb./sth.+一段时间/金钱+to do
sth.,表示“做某事花费某人/某物多少时间或金钱”,句型中的   是形式主语,真正的主
语是      。可用于该句型中的名词还有courage、love等。
it
to do sth.
结构拓展
(1)it代替不定式短语作句子主语而将不定式短语后置的其他常见句型有:
①It+be+形容词(brave、kind等)+(of sb.) to do sth.,不定式的逻辑主语由of引出,句中的形容词
通常是表示逻辑主语特征的形容词。
②It+be+形容词(important、necessary、vital等)+(for sb.) to do sth.,不定式的逻辑主语由for引
出,句中的形容词通常是表示重要性、紧迫性等情况的形容词。
③It+be+名词词组(a good habit、a good idea等)+to do sth.
(2)it作形式宾语的句型:动词+it+宾语补足语(形容词/名词)+不定式短语。常用于此结构的动
词有find、think、believe、feel、consider等。
I think it necessary to learn English well.我认为学好英语很有必要。
易混辨析
主语 (直接)宾语 常用结构
take 事 时间/ 金钱 it takes sb./sth. some time/money to do sth.
做某事花费某人/某物多少时间/钱; sth.
take(s) some time/money某事花费多少时间/钱
pay 人 金钱 sb. pay(s) some money for sth.某人为某物支付多少钱
spend 人 时间/ 金钱 sb. spend(s) some money on (doing)sth.某人花费多少钱在(做)某事上;sb. spend(s) some time (in)doing sth./on sth.某人花费多少时间做某事/在某事上
cost 物 金钱 sth. cost(s) sb. some money某物花费某人多少钱
特别提醒
cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost,一般不能用于被动语态。
  The first, the larger the bodies were, the more rapidly they fell...第一,物体越大,下落得越快
…… (教材P31)
结构 2 “the+比较级...,the+比较级...”结构
情景导学
The rarer, the dearer.物以稀为贵。
The more exercise we do, the stronger our hearts get.我们锻炼得越多,心脏就越强壮。 
(2022新高考Ⅱ)
The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.你工作越努力,你取得的进步就越大。
用法归纳
①“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”表示“         ”,表示后者随着前者的变化
而变化,the用在形容词或副词的比较级前。
②若后面用一般将来时,前面常用一般现在时表将来。前后都可以有所省略,特别是在谚
语、俗语中。
结构拓展
  “比较级+and+比较级”意为“越来越……”;如果是多音节形容词或副词,则用“more
and more+多音节形容词或副词原级”。
She's becoming more and more active.她变得越来越积极了。
With the summer coming, the day is becoming longer and longer.随着夏天的到来,白天变得
越来越长。
越……,就越……
Then came the total darkness of the polar winter.接着漆黑的极地冬季来临了。 (教材P36)
结构 3 完全倒装
情景导学
In came their father.他们的爸爸进来了。
Here comes the bus.公共汽车来了。
Now comes your turn.现在轮到你了。
On the stage stood my classmates, practicing dancing carefully.我的同学站在舞台上,仔细地练
习跳舞。
用法归纳
  完全倒装是指将整个谓语部分置于主语前。构成完全倒装的条件:
①表示地点、方向的副词   、there、   、out、down、away等,表示时间的副词
  、then等,以及表示地点的      位于句首。
②句子的谓语动词是be、    、go、   、lie等。
③句子的主语是名词。
特别提醒
(1)完全倒装结构的时态只限于一般现在时或一般过去时;
(2)谓语动词的单复数视主语的单复数而定;
(3)主语为代词时,句子不使用完全倒装。
Here he comes.他来了。
here
in
now
介词短语
come
stand
情景助记

He had teams of dogs pulling the sledges and all his men were on skis.他让成群的狗拉着雪橇,
所有队员都坐在滑雪板上。 (教材P36)
结构 4 have+宾语+宾语补足语
情景导学
The guide told us funny stories and had us laughing during the journey.旅行期间导游给我们讲
有趣的故事,使我们一直笑。
Don't you like to have somebody tell you if the pants look good or not 难道你不喜欢让某个人
告诉你裤子好不好看吗
As I left I had my computer repaired.临走时,我找人修理了电脑。
用法归纳
①have sb./sth.    sth.让某人/某物一直做某事(动作具有持续进行的含义)
②have sb.   sth.让某人做某事
③have sth.    让/请别人做某事
结构拓展
  常见的可用于“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构的动词还有see、hear、watch、notice等。
doing
do
done
Sentence 1
译文 这可能看起来很奇怪,但在我们处在旋涡边缘的那一刻,我感觉比我们向它移动时更
冷静。
长难句 图解
非限制性
定语
Sentence 2
译文 我开始想,以这样的方式死去是多么令人惊叹的一件事情,看到大自然的力量是多么
奇妙。
主语
主语
Sentence 3
译文 我仍然被绑在桶上,海浪很快把我带到了其他渔民所在的区域。
定语
Sentence 4
译文 在他前往南极洲的途中,他收到了挪威探险家罗尔德·阿蒙森的信息,说他也要南下。
时间
message
Sentence 5
译文 我们知道可怜的奥茨正在走向死亡,不过,尽管我们试图阻止他,但我们知道这是一个
勇敢的人和一个英国绅士的行为。
让步
必备语法 情景破
关系副词引导的定语从句
  引导定语从句的关系副词主要有when、where、why,在定语从句中作状语。
情景导学1
I still remember the time when I first became a college student.我仍然记得我初为大学生的那段
时光。
I have forgotten the exact date when this country became independent.我忘记这个国家独立的确
切日期了。
Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as it was a time when people were di-
vided geographically.多年来,该系统发展成不同的形式,因为当时人们在地理上被分隔开。
用法归纳1
  当先行词是表示①   的名词(如time、day、year、month、week、date等)且关系词
在从句中作时间状语时,要用关系副词②   引导定语从句。
时间 
when
情景导学2
This is the hotel where they are staying.这就是他们住的旅馆。
His father works in a factory which/that makes radio parts.他的父亲在一家生产收音机零件的
工厂工作。
They are captured and taken inside the submarine, where they meet the man in charge, Captain
Nemo.他们被抓获并被带到潜艇内,在那里他们遇到了负责人尼摩船长。(读后续写·情节描写)
It was an unforgettable activity where they gained not only the knowledge of paper-cutting but also
the friendship between the classmates.这是一次令人难忘的活动,在其中他们不仅收获了剪
纸的知识,还收获了同学间的友谊。 (写作·介绍活动)
用法归纳2
(1)当先行词是表示③   的名词(如hotel、place、room、town等),且关系词在从句中作
④      时,要用关系副词where引导定语从句。
(2)如果先行词为含有抽象意义的地点名词(如case、state、condition、point、situation、
stage、activity、event、job等),且关系词在定语从句中作状语时,要用关系副词⑤   引
导定语从句,意为“在那里;在该情况下;到达……的阶段;达到……的地步/程度”。
(3)当先行词表示地点,且关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时,不能用where,而要用关系代词⑥
   或that引导定语从句(作宾语时关系词可省略)。
地点
地点状语
where
which
情景导学3
This is the reason why he left so soon.这就是他很快离开的原因。
The reason why I am writing this letter to you is that I have a problem in respect of the writing
style.我给你写这封信的原因是我有一个关于写作风格的问题。 (写作·求助信)
Read the email below and make a list of the reasons why Leo is unwilling to begin working out
regularly.阅读下面的电子邮件,并列出 Leo不愿意开始定期锻炼的原因。
用法归纳3
当先行词是表示原因的名词⑦   ,且关系词在从句中作原因状语时,要用关系副词why引
导定语从句。why只能引导⑧   定语从句。
特别提醒
有时reason后的why可以省略,或者使用that代替。
reason
限制性
情景导学4
China is the birthplace of kites,from where kites spread to Japan,Korea,Thailand and India.中国
是风筝的发源地,风筝是从这里传到日本、朝鲜、泰国和印度的。
He went to America two years ago, since when I haven't heard from him.两年前他去了美国,从
那时候起我就没有得到过他的消息了。
用法归纳4
  有时为了表达得更清楚,可以在关系副词when前加上介词⑨   等,在关系副词where
前加上介词⑩   等。
since
from
后缀
后缀是一种重要的构词法,通过后缀常常可以判断出一个词的词性。在语言学中,后缀又称
词尾,是一种置于其他词素后的词缀。
情景导学1
You should be able to find the odd moment for relaxation.你应该能偶尔找到休息时间。
Imagine jogging along the same path every morning, repeating the same movement day after day.
想象一下,每天早上沿着同一条路慢跑,日复一日地重复同样的动作。
用法归纳1
  常见名词后缀有:
(1)-ability、-ibility表示“能力,性质”。
(2)-an、-ain 表示“……地方的人,精通……的人”;-ian 表示“……地方的人,从事……职业
的人”。
(3)-ee 表示动作的承受者;-er、-or 表示“做……动作的人,从事……活动的人”。
(4)-ity、-ty表示性质、状态、情况。
(5)-ment、    、-tion表示行为、行为的过程或结果、状态、性质。
(6)-ness 表示状态、性质、特点。
(7)-al 表示动作、过程、状态。
(8)-ance、-ence表示行为、性质、程度或状态。
(9)-ism表示“……主义,……学说,……派”。
-ation
情景导学2
Their action can only serve to harden the attitude of landowners.他们的举动只会起到使土地所
有者们的态度变得强硬的作用。
Collect and purify rainwater.收集和净化雨水。
People don't realise how serious this problem has actually been.人们没有意识到这个问题到底
有多么严重。
用法归纳2
  常见动词后缀有:
(1)    表示“使变得……”。
(2)-ify/-fy 表示“使成为……,使……化”。
(3)    /-ize表示“以……方式处理/对待;使……化”。
-en
-ise
情景导学3
My classmates were very friendly towards me.我的同班同学对我十分友好。
I think the sensible thing would be to go home by bus.我认为明智的做法是坐公共汽车回家。
The clothes are available in warm natural colours.这些衣服有各种自然的暖色调可供挑选。
All animals need help at times, such as pets that are left homeless when their owners move.有时
所有动物都需要帮助,如当主人搬家后无家可归的宠物。
用法归纳3
  常见形容词后缀有:
(1)-able、    表示“可……的,能……的”。
(2)-al 表示“属于……的,具有……性质的”。
(3)-ous表示“有……性质的”。
(4)-ful 表示“充满……的,有……性质的”。
(5)-ive表示“有……性质的,具有……倾向的”。
(6)-less表示“没有……的”。
(7)    表示“如……的,具有……特性的,每……的”;-y表示“多……的,如……的”。
(8)-ed表示“具有……特征的,受……影响的”;-ing表示“正……的;令人……的”。
(9)-ant、-ent 表示“有……性质的”。
(10)-ic表示“属于……的,具有……性质的”。
-ly
-ible
情景导学4
Place your hands on the table with the palms facing upwards.把你的手放在桌子上,手心朝上。
They are seriously concerned about security.他们非常关注安全工作。
用法归纳4
  常见副词后缀有:
(1)    表示“以……方式,在……程度上”。
(2)-ward、-wards表示向某个特定的地点或方向。
-ly
即时巩固
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.(2022新高考Ⅰ)Some of our memories are funny, especially from the early years     
our children were little.
2.(2021新高考Ⅱ)I've seen those magic moments      children are talking to someone
they are inspired by.
3.(2020天津)They have transformed themselves into places      you can develop your
love of knowledge,meet interesting people, or find out how to start a business.
4.He went to the cinema      he met his wife.
5.My teacher asked me to tell him the reason      I didn't hand in my homework.
6.Teaching is a job      you can find happiness.
when
when
where
where
why/that
where
Ⅱ.写出下列单词的词性和中文意思
1.(2022全国甲)First of all, what we can do is to place importance on our daily actions.
      
2.(2022全国乙)Surprisingly, children replied that they couldn't.
      
3.(2022新高考Ⅰ)That makes food waste an environmental problem.
      
4.(2021新高考Ⅱ)These stories can relieve my stress and broaden my horizons.
     
形容词,每日的
副词,令人吃惊地
形容词,生态环境的
动词,拓宽
5.(2021新高考Ⅰ)The twins were filled with excitement as they thought of the surprise they were
planning for Mother's Day.
     
6.(2021北京)You should have your motivation letter ready before filling out the application form.
     
7.These movements will exercise your arms and shoulders.
     
8.An important factor in leadership is selflessness.
     
名词,兴奋
名词,申请
名词,活动
名词,无私