UNIT 1 LIFE CHOICES单元精讲精练课件-北师大版必修一

(共65张PPT)
UNIT 1　LIFE CHOICES
高频词汇精讲
　　I feel excited because this school differs in many ways from my previous one.我感到兴奋,
因为这所学校在很多方面都与我之前的学校不一样。 (教材P101)
情景导学
Things in the world differ from each other in a thousand ways.世界上的事物是千差万别的。
The two sides still differ with each other about/on/over the pay.双方关于报酬仍然意见相左。
高频词汇 情景破
词汇 1 differ vi.不同,不一样,有区别
用法归纳
①differ 　　 sb./sth.与某人/某物不同
②differ 　　 sb. 　　　　　　　 sth.关于某事与某人有不同看法
词汇拓展
①difference n.差异;不同
make a/no difference (to sb./sth.)(对某人/某物)有/没有影响
tell the difference between A and B区分A和B
But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference 但一根塑料吸管或一个塑料杯真
的有影响吗 (2021全国乙)
from
with
about/on/over
②different adj.不同的;有区别的
be different from/to/than...(in...) (在……方面)与……不同
Different from traditional fables, Carson s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral.与
传统寓言不同,卡森的故事以指责而不是寓意结束。 (2023全国甲)
③differently adv.不同地
④indifferent adj.不感兴趣的;漠不关心的
What is also very different is that students in the same class can have different class schedules.还有一点非常不同的是同一个班级的学生可以有不同的课程表。 (教材P101)
情景导学
The new bridge has been finished two years ahead of schedule.新桥提前两年落成。
　　Whatever difficulty we meet, we shall finish the work on schedule.无论我们遇到什么困难,
我们都会按时完成工作。
　　Because of rain, the construction of the subway system is behind schedule.由于下雨, 地铁
系统的建设进度落后。
　　The completion of the building is scheduled for May.该楼定于五月份竣工。
　　The activity is scheduled to last two hours, from 3:30 pm to 5:30 pm in the school hall.该活
动预计持续两个小时,从下午三点半至五点半在学校礼堂举行。　(写作·邀请信)
词汇 2 schedule n.日程表,计划表;时刻表 v.为……安排时间;安排;预定
用法归纳
①　　　　　 (=on time)准时,按时
②　　　　　 (=ahead of time)提前
③behind schedule 晚于预定时间
④be scheduled 　　 +某个时间点或时间段　预定/安排在……(时间)
⑤be scheduled 　　 sth.预定/安排做某事
情景助记
on schedule
ahead of schedule
for
to do
词汇 3 confidence n.自信,信心;信赖
develop confidence in speaking English
培养说英语的自信 (教材P6)
情景导学
When the run began, he looked back over his shoulder and waved at me with confidence.当跑步
开始时,他回头一看,自信地向我挥手。　(读后续写·动作描写)
There’s no reason to lose confidence in yourself.没有理由对你自己失去信心。
She has strong confidence in winning the speech contest held in her school.她对赢得她的学校举
行的这次演讲比赛很有信心。
用法归纳
①have/lose confidence 　　 (doing)...对(做)……有/失去信心
②　　 confidence满怀信心地
in
with
词汇拓展
①confident adj.自信的;确信的,有把握的
be confident about...对……有信心
be confident of (doing) sth.对(做)某事有把握
be confident that...确信……
It’s of great importance to be confident about yourself.对自己有信心是很重要的。　(写作·
建议信)
The team is confident of victory/winning the game.这支队伍有把握取胜/赢得比赛。
I’m confident that I can help them better understand Chinese culture.我确信我可以帮助他们
更好地了解中国文化。　(写作·宣传中国文化)
②confidently adv.自信地;确信地
词汇 4 range n.一系列;范围;种;类 vi.(在一定的范围内)变化;包括(从……到……)之间的各
类事物
I do a wide range of things online.我在网上做各种各样的事情。(教材P8)
情景导学
Your weight can be kept in the normal range as long as you take exercise more often.只要你多运
动,你的体重就能保持在正常范围内。　(写作·保持健康)
The gallery has a wide range of modern art which can satisfy different visitors.这个美术馆有各
种各样的现代美术作品,可以满足不同的参观者。
The students range in age from 12 to 18.学生的年龄在十二岁到十八岁之间。
The ages of the students range from 17 to 21 (= range between 17 and 21)with an average of 19.
学生的年龄在十七岁到二十一岁之间,平均十九岁。
用法归纳
①a wide/whole/full range 　　 ...各种各样的……
②in/within the normal range在正常范围内
③in/within range(of...) 在(……)可及的范围内;在视觉(或听觉)范围内
④beyond/out of range(of...) 超出(……的)范围;在视觉(或听觉)范围之外
⑤range from A 　　 B 在A到B之间变化(=range between A and B);包括从A到B之间的各
类事物/人
⑥range　　 size/age/length/price from A to B尺寸/年龄/长度/价格在A到B之间变动
of
to
in
词汇 5 various adj.各种各样的;多种(类型)的
...I also shop for various things online, such as books, computer hardware and other necessities.……我也在网上买各种东西,比如书、电脑硬件和其他必需品。 (教材P8)
词汇拓展
①vary v.(大小、形状等)相异,不同;(根据情况)变化
vary in...在……方面不同
vary with...随……而变动
vary from A to B/vary between A and B 从A到B不等;在A到B之间变化
These flowers vary in colour and size.这些花的颜色和大小各不相同。
The menu in the restaurant varies with the season.这家饭店的菜单随季节而变化。
Reading habits vary from person to person.阅读习惯因人而异。
②variety n.(同一事物的)不同种类,多种式样;变化;多样化;多变性;变种;品种
a variety of/varieties of各种各样的;不同种类的
Yellowstone National Park offers a variety of ranger programs throughout the park, and
throughout the year.黄石国家公园全年在整个公园内提供各种各样的护林员项目。 (2023
新课标Ⅱ)
It’s so convenient to be able to compare the quality and prices from different online shops before
I buy.购物前,能够比较不同的网上商店的质量和价格是非常方便的。 (教材P8)
情景导学
The house is convenient for/to the hospital.这座房子离医院很近。
Everything here is convenient for the residents.这里的一切对居民来说都很方便。
I want to know whether it is convenient for you to attend my birthday party on Saturday.我想知
道星期六你是否方便参加我的生日聚会。　(写作·邀请信)
用法归纳
①it is/was convenient (　　 sb.) to do sth.(对某人来说)做某事是方便的
②(sth.) be convenient 　　 sb.(某事物)对某人来说方便(注意:主语不能是人,用it或sth.居多)
③be convenient 　 　 ...离……近
词汇 6 convenient adj.方便的,便利的;附近的,容易到达的
for
for
for/to
②conveniently adv.方便地;便利地
③convenience n.方便;便利;便利设施
at sb.’s convenience在某人方便时;在某人适宜的地点
at your earliest convenience尽早;尽快
for convenience为了方便起见
for sb.’s convenience=for the convenience of sb.为了方便某人
I’d appreciate it if you could reply to my letter at your earliest convenience.如果您能尽快给
我回信,我将感激不尽。　(写作·申请信)
I kept my reference book near my desk for convenience.我把参考书放在书桌旁以方便使
用。
My aim is to do well in every subject this term.我这个学期的目标是学好每门学科。 (教材P9)
情景导学
Now we have to take aim at the problem and try to get it solved.现在我们不得不把目标对准这
个难题并试图解决它。
A special show will be held in our school with the aim of celebrating the 50th anniversary of the
founding of our school.我们学校将会举行一场特殊的表演以庆祝建校五十周年纪念日。
(写作·邀请信)
He aimed his gun at the lion, fired but missed.他把枪瞄准那头狮子,开了枪却未击中。
All our projects aim to promote the development of poor and remote communities. 我们所有的
项目都力争促进贫困偏远社区的发展。
词汇 7 aim n.目的,意图;目标;瞄准 v.力求达到;瞄准;针对
These measures are aimed at bridging the gap between rich and poor.这些措施旨在消除贫富差
距。
用法归纳
①　　 the aim of doing sth.旨在做某事
②take aim 　　 sb./sth.把目标对准某人/某事物
③take aim瞄准
④aim at/for...力求达到……
⑤aim 　　 /at doing sth.力争做到某事
⑥be aimed 　　 doing sth.旨在做某事
⑦aim sth. 　　 sb./sth.将某物瞄准某人/某物
with
at
to do
at
at
词汇拓展
①aimless adj.没有方向的;无目标的;无计划的
②aimlessly adv.漫无目的地,无目标地
情景助记

So, what kind of people often suffer from stress 那么,什么样的人经常遭受压力之苦呢 (教
材P102)
情景导学
I feel sorry to know that you are suffering from nervousness with the Speaking Contest drawing
near.了解到随着演讲比赛的临近,你正遭受紧张之苦,我感到很难过。　(写作·建议信)
To our surprise, the company suffered great losses but finally overcame the difficulties and managed to survive the crisis.令我们惊讶的是,这家公司遭受了巨大损失,但最终克服了困难,设法度过了危机。
用法归纳
①suffer作及物动词时,其后常接pain、　　 、defeat、damage、punishment、injury、hardship等名词,表示“遭受疼痛/损失/失败/破坏/惩罚/伤害/困苦”等。
词汇 8 suffer vi.& vt.遭受(痛苦)
loss
②suffer作不及物动词时,常与介词　 　 连用,指遭受战争或自然灾害带来的苦难、患病或
遭受其他痛苦,意为“(身体或精神上)遭受……(痛苦);遭受……折磨;患……疾病”。
特别提醒
suffer和suffer from一般不用于被动语态。
词汇拓展
①suffering n.疼痛;痛苦;折磨;苦难
②sufferer n.患者;受害者
from
There are many ways to reduce stress.有许多减轻压力的方法。 (教材P102)
情景导学
I bought this shirt because it was reduced from $20 to $10.
我买这件衬衫是因为它从二十美元降到了十美元。
Recycling is expected to reduce production costs by 35 percent.
回收利用预计将生产成本降低35%。
They worked extremely hard to avoid being reduced to poverty.他们极其努力地工作,以避免陷
入贫困。
用法归纳
①reduce sth.(　　 ...)(　　 ...) 把某物 (从……)减少/降低(到……)(表示减少后达到的数量)
②reduce sth.　　 ...把某物减少/降低……(表示减少的幅度)
词汇 9 reduce vt.减少(数量),降低(程度),缩小(规模);使降至(某种状态、境地或角色)
from
to
by
③reduce sb./sth.(from...)　　 ...使某人/某物(从……)陷入……境地
情景助记
reduce sth. by...与reduce sth. to...

词汇拓展
reduction n.减少,降低
Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error.不知为什么,
这些论据和推理导致了全球错误的减少。　 (2023新课标Ⅰ)
to
...he was inspired by them to go and teach where he was needed the most.……他受到他们的鼓
舞,要去最需要他的地方教学。 (教材P14)
情景导学
The admiration and respect his uncle earned inspired Nielsen to make a career in acting.他叔叔赢
得的钦佩和尊重激励了尼尔森从事演艺事业。 (2021浙江)
These activities inspired the kids with confidence/inspired confidence in the kids.这些活动使孩
子们产生了信心。
用法归纳
①inspire sb. 　 　 sth.激励某人做某事
②inspire sb. 　　 sth./inspire sth. 　　 sb.使某人产生某种感情,激起某人的某种感情
词汇 10 inspire vt.鼓励,激励;激起;启发思考;使产生
to do
with
in
词汇拓展
①inspired adj.品质优秀的;能力卓越的
②inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的;激励的;启发灵感的
③inspiration n.灵感;启发灵感的人(或事物);鼓舞人心的人(或事物)
These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in
the future.这些小的习作提供了灵感,并可能在未来引出更复杂的作品。 (2023新课标Ⅱ)
④inspirational adj.启发灵感的;鼓舞人心的
For that reason he applied, and became a volunteer teacher in a village school.出于那个原因,他
申请了,并成为一所乡村学校的志愿教师。 (教材P14)
情景导学
The rules of safe driving apply to everyone.安全驾驶规则适用于每一个人。
I’m writing to apply (to you) for the job advertised in the newspaper.我写信是想(向您)申请登
在报纸上的那份工作。　(写作·求职信)
Over the next months, he applied himself to improving the technique.在接下来的几个月里,他致
力于改进这项技术。
You’ll soon find that the more patience you practice, the more you start to apply it to other, more
annoying situations.你很快就会发现,你越培养耐心,你就越开始把它应用于其他更烦人的情
况。 (2023全国甲)
词汇 11 apply vi.申请;请求;适用 vt.应用;涂,敷;勤奋工作
用法归纳
①apply (　　 sb.) 　　 sth.(向某人)申请某物
②apply 　　 sth./sb.适用于某物/某人
③apply A 　　 B　把A应用于B;把A涂在B上
④apply oneself 　　 (doing)...致力于(做)……
⑤apply to do sth.申请做某事
词汇拓展
①application n.申请;应用
an application form申请表
an/the/one’s application to sb. for sth.向某人申请某物
②applicant n.申请人
to
for
to
to
to
The other two local teachers were responsible for maths and Chinese.另外两名当地的教师负责
教数学和语文。 (教材P15)
情景导学
I know I’ll have to study harder as a senior high school student and get used to being responsible
for a lot more.我知道作为一名高中生,我得更加努力地学习,并习惯承担更多的责任。
用法归纳
be responsible 　　 ...对……负责
词汇拓展
①responsibility n.责任;职责;任务
a sense of responsibility责任感
take/have responsibility for...对……负责
it is sb.’s responsibility to do sth.做某事是某人的责任
词汇 12 responsible adj.负责的;有责任心的
for
Under the policy of game restriction, parents should also take/have responsibility for family
education.在限制游戏的政策下,家长也应该对家庭教育负责。(China Daily)
It is every student’s responsibility to keep our campus clean and tidy.保持我们的校园整洁是
每个学生的责任。
②responsibly adv.负责任地
③irresponsible adj.不负责任的;没有责任感的
...and they enjoy playing football in the playground, as well as singing songs they’ve learnt.……
而且他们喜欢在操场上踢足球,也喜欢唱学过的歌曲。 (教材P15)
情景导学
Knowing the bad situation, the boy’s parents decided to help Lucky as well as her son.得知这糟
糕的情况,男孩的父母决定帮助Lucky和她的儿子。
John, as well as his classmates, comes to the party.约翰,连同他的同学们,都来参加聚会了。
As well as breaking his leg, he hurt his arm.他除了摔断了腿之外,还伤到了胳膊。
She cooks as well as her mother does.她做饭做得跟她母亲一样好。
用法归纳
①as well as可用于连接并列成分,如名词(短语)、形容词、介词短语等。as well as 强调的重点在前面,不在后面。as well as连接两个并列的名词(短语)作主语时,谓语动词的人 称和数与
　　　　　 保持一致。
词汇 13 as well as……以及……,……和……;除了……之外(还)
前面的主语
②as well as可用作介词,相当于besides、in addition to,意为“　 　　　　 ”,后接名词、
代词、动名词。
③as well as可表示同级比较,意为“　　　　　 ”。
词汇拓展
as well相当于too和also,用于肯定句中,表示“也,同样,而且”,一般位于句尾。
I’m going to London and my sister is going as well.我要去伦敦,我妹妹也要去。
除……之外(还)
和……一样好
The contribution he made to the village was great...他对村子做出的贡献是巨大的……(教材P15)
情景导学
I will also try my best to make a contribution/contributions to society;I firmly believe that a bright
future is waiting for us.我也会尽我最大的努力为社会做出贡献,我坚信一个光明的未来正在
等待着我们。　(写作·为社会做贡献)
用法归纳
make a contribution/contributions 　　 ...对……做出贡献
词汇拓展
contribute v.捐献,捐助,捐赠;促成,造成;撰稿,投稿
contribute to导致;有助于;向……捐款/投稿;为……做出贡献
contribute...to...把……捐献给……;把……投给……
词汇 14 contribution n.贡献;稿件;捐赠,捐款
to
I believe that every Chinese can contribute to the Chinese Dream.我相信每一个中国人都能
够为中国梦做出贡献。
We contributed ￡5,000 to the earthquake fund.我们向地震基金捐赠了五千英镑。
She contributed a number of articles to the magazine.她给这个杂志撰写了一些文章。
Although he had only intended to stay for one year, he now feels ready to stay for another year.尽
管他原本只打算待一年,但是现在他愿意再待一年。 (教材P15)
情景导学
Our English teacher intends us to finish that task as soon as possible.我们的英语老师想让我们
尽快完成那项任务。
I intend to set/setting aside enough time to accompany my parents.我打算留出足够的时间陪我
的父母。
I had intended to visit you last night, but it rained.=I intended to have visited you last night, but it
rained.昨晚我原本打算去拜访你的,可是下起了雨。
用法归纳
①intend 　　　　　 sth.打算/计划/想要做某事
词汇 15 intend vt.计划,打算,想要
to do/doing
②intend sb. 　　 sth.打算让某人做某事
③had intended to do...=intended 　　　　　　　 ...原本打算做……
词汇拓展
①intended adj.打算的,计划的,预期的
be intended for...为……打算/设计的
be intended to do sth.为做某事而设计;旨在做某事
Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message intended for everyone.然而,在简单风
格的背后是一个面向每个人的严肃信息。 (2023全国甲)
②intention n.目的,意图;打算
with the intention of doing...目的是做……
This plan was made with the intention of providing help for homeless people.制订这个计划是
为了帮助无家可归的人。
to do
to have done
I hope you have adapted well to the new situation and are enjoying your new school.我希望你已
经很好地适应了新环境,并且喜欢你的新学校。 (教材P18)
情景导学
She adapted herself quickly to the new climate.她很快就使自己适应了这种新气候。
This play is adapted from a novel written by Dack.这个剧本是根据达克写的一部小说改编
的。
The author is going to adapt his play for television.这个作者将把他的剧本改编成电视节目。
We gradually adapted to the fast-paced city life and found it more efficient and more convenient.
我们逐渐适应了快节奏的城市生活,并发现它更高效、更方便。
用法归纳
①adapt 　　 ...适应……
词汇 16 adapt v.(使)适应,(使)适合;改写,改编
to
②adapt oneself　　 ...使某人自己适应……
③adapt...　　 ...把……改编成……
④be adapted 　　 ...改编自……;根据……改编
特别提醒
在adapt to...和adapt oneself to...中,to均为介词,其后要跟名词、代词或动名词。
词汇拓展
①adaptation n.适应;改编本
The play is an adaptation of a novel.这个剧本是一部小说的改编本。
②adaptable adj.有适应能力的;能适应的
to
for
from
高频词汇积累
词汇 释义 用法&拓展
all in all 总而言之,总的来说 All in all, it was a good trip.总之,这是一次很好的旅行。
含有all的其他常用短语:
after all毕竟;终究;到底
above all最重要的是
in all总共;总计
first of all首先;第一
not at all一点也不
all of a sudden突然
recover vi.恢复健康,康复 recover from从……中康复
recovery n.恢复;痊愈
make a recovery (from...)(从……中)恢复,痊愈
injury n.伤,损害 serious injury/injuries重伤
injury to the head 头部受伤
injure vt.使受伤;损害
injured adj.受伤的
unfortunately adv.不幸地;令人遗憾地 fortunately adv.幸运地
fortunate adj.幸运的
fortune n.大笔的钱;机会,运气
misfortune n.不幸,厄运
challenge n.挑战;具有挑战性的事物;(比赛等的)邀请 vt.向……挑战 face a challenge面临挑战
accept/take up a challenge接受挑战
challenge sb. to sth.向某人挑战某事物
challenge sb. to do sth.强烈建议/要求某人做某事
challenging adj.有挑战性的
arise vi.(问题或困难)出现,发生 arise from/out of...(=result from...)由……引起;因……产生
addict n.对……着迷的人 I’m a cartoon addict! 我是个卡通迷!
addicted adj.上瘾的;入迷的
become/get addicted to (doing)...沉迷于(做)……
addiction n.瘾;入迷
target n.目标;靶子 vt.面向,把……对准(某群体)
(生义) meet/achieve a target完成/达到目标
a target area/audience/group目标区域/观众/群体
This activity is clearly targeted at the young.这个活动显然是针对青年人的。
volunteer vi.& vt.自愿;志愿 n.志愿者 volunteer to do sth.自愿做某事
voluntary adj.自愿的;主动的
stress n.压力;忧虑;紧张;重要性 vt.重读;使紧张;强调(生义) under stress在压力下
lay/put stress on sth.强调某事物
stress sb. out使某人焦虑不安
it must be stressed that...必须着重指出的是……
stressed adj.焦虑不安的
stressful adj.压力重的;紧张的
organise vt.组织,筹划 organisation n.组织;机构
organiser n.组织者
organised adj.有组织的;有条理的
typical adj.平常的,一贯的;典型的 be typical of...是……的典型
it is typical of sb. to do sth.某人一贯做某事
graduate vi.毕业 n.大学毕业生;学士学位获得者 graduate from...毕业于……(学校)
graduate in...获得……(专业)学位
graduation n.毕业;毕业典礼
after graduation毕业后
eager adj.热切的;渴望的 be eager for sth.渴望得到某物
be eager to do sth.渴望做某事
eagerly adv.渴望地;急切地
eagerness n.热切,渴望
give up 放弃 含有give的其他常用短语:
give away赠送;分发;泄露
give back归还,送回
give in屈服;投降;交上
give off发出,放出(气味、热、光等)
give out用完,耗尽;分发;发出,放出(热、光等)
...I work so much that I feel I don’t see my family enough.……我工作如此多,以至于我感到没
有足够的时间和家人待在一起。 (教材P101)
I am always attentive in all classes and think actively, so that I can have more free time to do other things that I’m interested in after school.我在所有课上总是专心听讲并积极思考,以便放学后我能有更多空闲时间做我感兴趣的其他事情。 (教材P9)
情景导学
He hurried up so that he caught the train.他匆匆赶路,结果赶上了火车。
He hurried up so that he could catch the train.他匆匆赶路以便能赶上火车。
It was so hot a day that nobody wanted to do anything.天气如此热,谁也不想做任何事情。
经典结构 情境破
结构 1 so...that...和so that
He had so little education that he was unfit for this job.他所受的教育很少,不适合做这份工作。
They handed him so many cards that they filled several large boxes.他们递给他如此多的卡片,
以至于装满了几个大箱子。
The tears were streaming so fast that she could not see.眼泪流得太快了,她的视线模糊了。
(读后续写·神态描写)
用法归纳
①so...that...表示“如此……以至于……”,引导　　 状语从句。
so...that...的基本结构:
so+adj./　　 +that...
so+　　 +a/an+可数名词单数+that...
so+　　 /few+可数名词复数+that...
结果
adv.
adj.
many
so+much/little+　　　　　 +that...
②so that可引导　　 状语从句,意为“以便,为了”,也可引导　　 状语从句,意为“结果,
因此”。so that引导目的状语从句时,从句中常使用can、could、may、might等情态动词;so
that引导结果状语从句时,从句中一般不用类似的情态动词,so that前可以有逗号。
结构拓展
such...that...也可引导结果状语从句。such...that...的基本结构:
(1)such+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数+that...
Ms. Yang is such a responsible teacher that all the students love her very much.杨老师是一位
如此负责任的老师,所有学生都很爱她。 (写作·人物介绍)
(2)such+adj.+可数名词复数/不可数名词+that...
He told such funny stories that we all laughed.他讲了如此滑稽的故事,以至于我们都笑了。
不可数名词
目的
结果
I find waiting for exam results very stressful.我觉得等待考试结果非常有压力。 (教材P12)
情景导学
When he woke up, he found himself in hospital.当他醒来时,他发现自己在医院里。
I found a number of people already working there.我发现很多人已经在那里工作了。
When I opened the door, I found the ground covered by fallen leaves.当我打开门时,我发现地面
上覆盖着落叶。 (读后续写·环境描写)
I find it relaxing to listen to some soft music after work.我发现工作之后听一些轻柔的音乐令人放松。
结构 2 find+宾语+宾语补足语
用法归纳
①在“find+宾语+宾语补足语”结构中,宾语通常为名词(短语)或代词,宾语补足语可由名词
(短语)、形容词(短语)、副词、　　 短语、　　 (短语)(表宾语在进行的主动动作)、
　 (短语)(表被动或完成)等充当。
②当不定式短语或从句作宾语时,为了保持句子的结构平衡,通常用　　 作形式宾语,而将
真正的宾语放在宾语补足语后面。
介词
现在分词
过去分词
it
长难句图解
Sentence 1
译文　在我购物前,能够比较不同的网上商店的质量和价格是非常方便的。
Sentence 2
译文　事实上,我非常清楚我有时需要强迫自己远离网络世界,特别是因为现实生活也可以
一样有趣。
形式主语
时间状语从句
宾语从句
原因状语从句
Sentence 3
译文　我总是在所有课上专心听讲并积极思考,以便放学后我能有更多空闲时间做我感兴趣
的其他事情。
Sentence 4
译文　让他感到欣慰的是他的学生能够读英语、说英语和写英语,并且他们在学习上变得更
自信。
目的状语从句
后置定语
定语从句
主语从句
表语从句
动词不定式
不定式虽然不能单独作谓语,但保留着动词的某些特征,可带自己的宾语和状语,从而形成不
定式短语。不定式(短语)在句中可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语和状语。
一、不定式的基本形式和否定式
1.不定式的基本形式和否定式
不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”,其否定式是在其前加上not。
　　He warned me to take an umbrella.他提醒我带把雨伞。
　　He warned me not to be late.他提醒我不要迟到。
必备语法 情景破
2.不定式的时态形式、语态形式
主动形式 被动形式 意义
to do to be done 不定式表示的动作与句中谓语动词表示的动作没有时间先后顺序
to be doing / 不定式表示的动作与句中谓语动词表示的动作同时发生
to have done to have been done 不定式表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词表示的动作之前
二、不定式的功能
1.作主语
情景导学
To learn English well is very important.学好英语很重要。
It is a great pleasure to talk with him.与他谈话是一件乐事。
It’s kind of you to help me with my English.你帮我学英语真是太好了。
用法归纳
(1)动词不定式作主语表示具体的动作。
(2)不定式可放在句首作主语,但为了使句子平衡,常用①　　 作形式主语放在句首,而将真
正的主语(不定式)放到句末。常用句型有“It is+名词(one’s duty、a pity、a shame...)+to dosth.”和“It is+形容词+for/of sb. to do sth.”。
it
注意:“It is+形容词+for sb. to do sth.”句型中的形容词一般表示事物的特点;而“It is+形容词+of sb. to do sth.”句型中的形容词一般表示人的性格、品德、心智能力、主观感情或态度。
2.作宾语
情景导学
He decided to work in that factory.他决定在那家工厂工作。
I find it interesting to stay with you.我发觉与你待在一起很有趣。
用法归纳
(1)有些动词后只能跟不定式作宾语。
(2)动词不定式作宾语且后面有宾语补足语时,常用②　　 作形式宾语,把真正的宾语(不定
式)放在宾语补足语之后。
it
巧学助记
用动词不定式作宾语的动词:
三个希望俩答应(hope, wish, want, agree, promise)
两个要求莫拒绝(demand, ask, refuse)
设法学会做决定(manage, learn, decide, determine)
不要假装在选择(pretend, choose, elect)
打算提出俩计划(intend, offer, plan, mean)
申请失败付得起(apply, fail, afford)
准备愿望又碰巧(prepare, desire, happen)
3.作宾语补足语
情景导学
The teacher advised us to learn through experiment.老师建议我们通过实验来学习。
We heard him say goodbye to his friends.我们听见他向他的朋友们道别。
→He was heard to say goodbye to his friends.他被听到向他的朋友们道别。
He often comes to help us (to) do some farm work.他经常来帮我们干一些农活。
用法归纳
(1)可以用动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词(短语)有ask、tell、order、want、get、would like、advise、invite、allow、wish、warn、expect、encourage、force、teach等,不定式符号to
③　　 省略。
(2)有些使役动词和感官动词(短语),如have、let、make、feel、hear、listen to、notice、see、
watch、observe、look at等,在主动结构中跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,在变为被动
形式时,不定式作主语补足语,不能省略④　　 。
不能
to
(3)动词⑤　　 接动词不定式作宾语补足语时,不定式符号to可省略也可不省略。
4.作表语
情景导学
My hope is to become a scientist.我希望成为一名科学家。
My job is to teach English.我的工作是教英语。
用法归纳
　　动词不定式作表语可表示主语的责任或义务、主语将来的行为或主语的内容或性质。
5.作定语
情景导学
The farmers came up with ways to protect their crops.农民们想出了保护庄稼的方法。
He was the last one to arrive at the classroom this morning.今天早上他是最后一个到教室的。
Would you please give me some paper to write on 你能给我一些纸写字吗
help
用法归纳
(1)动词不定式可作后置定语,修饰前面的名词。
(2)常用结构:the+序数词/形容词最高级/very/only/⑥　　 +名词/代词+to do。
(3)作定语的不定式若为不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地
点、工具等,其后须有与之搭配的介词。如果被不定式修饰的名词为place、time、way时,不
定式后面的介词习惯上可以省去。
6.作状语
动词不定式作状语,可表示目的、结果、原因等。
情景导学
To/In order to get there before eight, I started early.为了在八点以前到达那里,我很早就动身了。
last
I am very sorry to hear that.听到这件事我很难过。
He searched the room only to find nothing. 他搜查了那个房间,结果什么也没发现。
用法归纳
(1)表目的。为了强调表示目的的不定式结构,可在不定式前加上⑦　　　　　 或so as,但
so as to do一般不放在句首。
(2)表原因。动词不定式放在系表结构后面,表示产生某种情绪或状态的原因。
(3)表结果。so/such...as to do、too...to do、...enough to do等结构中的不定式表示结果,而
⑧　　 to do常表示出乎意料的结果。
in order
only
三、“疑问词+不定式”结构
情景导学
When to hold the meeting has not been decided.什么时候开会还没有决定。
It’s been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room to avoid any charges when I’ve moved out.当我搬出去时,知道如何掩盖洞和重新粉刷房间以避免任何费用是很有用的。
(2023全国甲)
用法归纳
　　who、what、which、⑨　　 、where和 　　 等特殊疑问词后接不定式可以构成
一种特殊的不定式短语,常在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等。
when
how
-ed/-ing 形容词
一、概述
　　有些动词的-ed形式可用作形容词,描述人的情感,通常意为“感到……的”。有些动词
的-ing形式可用作形容词,描述情境、人或事物,通常意为“令人……的;使人……的”。但
在expression、look(表情)、face、smile、voice等词前,常用-ed形式的形容词。
二、句法功能
情景导学
They were frightened when they heard that the lion had got out of its cage.他们听说那头狮子从
笼子里逃脱后,感到害怕。
Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed.许多人在晚上睡觉前喜
欢听令人放松的音乐。 (2021北京)
I found the book so interesting that I kept on reading it until daybreak.我发现这本书如此有趣,
以至于我一直读到黎明。
After the long journey, the three of them went back home, hungry and tired.长途旅行后,他们三个回到家,又饿又累。
用法归纳
　　-ed形式的形容词和-ing形式的形容词可以在句中作 　　 、表语、宾语补足语和状语。
三、常见的-ed形式的形容词和-ing形式的形容词
interested感兴趣的→interesting有趣的
excited兴奋的→exciting令人兴奋的
surprised惊奇的→surprising令人惊奇的
astonished吃惊的→astonishing令人十分惊讶的
frightened害怕的→frightening令人害怕的
embarrassed尴尬的→embarrassing令人尴尬的
disappointed失望的→disappointing令人失望的
定语
relaxed放松的→relaxing令人放松的
moved感动的→moving令人感动的
pleased满意的→pleasing令人满意的
即时巩固
单句语法填空
1.(2022全国甲)Cao decided 　　　　 (cover) the route by hiking as a tribute(致敬) to the ancient
Silk Road.
2.(2020天津)One way to begin is 　　　　 (answer) your own excuses.
3.(2020全国Ⅱ)The parents were asked 　 　　　 (interact) with their children as they normally
would, and about half of the children in the study played with puzzles at one time.
4.Tom took a taxi to the airport only 　　　　 (find) his plane high up in the sky.
5.It is a great honor for me 　　　　 (have) an opportunity to attend the interview here today.
6.Lost in despair, the fellow didn’t know how 　 　　　 (handle) the embarrassing situation.
7.It was 　 　　 　 (challenge) at first, but with practice and determination, I gradually improved.
to cover
to answer
to interact
to find
to have
to handle
challenging
8.In their spare time, they are 　　　　 (interest) in planting vegetables in their garden, which
is on the rooftop of their house.
9.Stephanie gave me a 　　　　 (disappoint) look, and left Nelson’s room, followed by my
dad.
10.On seeing the 　　　　 scene, the little girl was so 　 　　　 that she burst out crying.
(frighten)
interested
disappointed
frightening
frightened