UNIT 2 SPORTS AND FITNESS单元精讲精练课件-北师大版必修一

(共67张PPT)
UNIT 2　SPORTS AND FITNESS
高频词汇精讲
高频词汇 情景破
词汇 1 prefer vt.更喜欢
　　I prefer to play sports with friends rather than exercise by myself, so football is perfect for
me! 我更喜欢和朋友一起做运动而不是自己锻炼,所以足球对我来说正合适! (教材P29)
情景导学
After school, I prefer to stay/staying at home, reading some of the latest news.放学后,我更喜欢
待在家里,读一些最新的消息。　(写作·个人爱好)
He preferred me to stay with him and help him to deal with the difficult affairs.他希望我留在他
身边,帮助他处理这些困难的事情。
A new survey indicates that young people in China much prefer making fresh food to buying prepared food.一项新的调查显示,中国的年轻人更喜欢制作新鲜的食物,而不是购买预制食品。
Jerry desired to join the school football team because he preferred to play team sports rather than
exercise alone.杰里想加入学校的足球队,因为他更喜欢参加团队运动,而不是独自锻炼。
用法归纳
①prefer 　　　　　 sth.更喜欢做某事
②prefer sb. 　　 sth.宁愿/希望某人做某事
③prefer (doing) A 　　 (doing) B 比起(做)B更喜欢(做)A
④prefer to do A 　　　　　 do B (=would rather do A than do B=would do A rather than do B)宁愿做A也不愿做B
to do/doing
to do
to
rather than
特别提醒
①prefer的过去式和过去分词需要先双写r,再加-ed,即preferred, preferred。
②prefer本身就含有“更喜欢”的意思,相当于like...better,一般不再与比较级连用。
词汇拓展
preference n.偏爱,喜爱
have a preference for...偏爱……
give (a) preference to sb./sth.优待某人/某物;优先考虑某人/某物
Research has shown that having a preference for junk food can result in obesity.研究表明,偏
爱垃圾食品会导致肥胖。
I hope you can give preference to my application and give me a chance to prove my ability.我
希望您能优先考虑我的申请,给我一个证明我的能力的机会。　(写作·申请信)
　　have a healthy and balanced diet拥有健康且均衡的饮食 (教材P28)
情景导学
It‘s very important for teenagers to take exercise regularly and have a balanced diet.对青少年来
说,经常锻炼和有均衡的饮食是非常重要的。　(写作·保持身体健康)
用法归纳
　　　　　　　　 均衡的饮食
词汇拓展
balance v.(使)保持平衡;权衡;同等重视n.平衡,均衡;平衡能力
balance A and/with B使A和B平衡;同等重视A和B
balance A against B权衡A和B
keep/lose one’s balance保持/失去平衡
词汇 2 balanced adj.均衡的
a balanced diet
a sense of balance平衡感
on balance总的来说
You have to balance the advantages of living in a big city against the disadvantages.你得权衡
一下住在大城市的利与弊。
We climbed towards the mountain top and all of a sudden I lost my balance and fell over.我们
爬向山顶,突然间我失去了平衡,摔倒了。　(读后续写·动作描写)
　　And clearly, all the extra hours that he‘d spent practising alone paid off.显然,他花在独自练
习上的所有额外时间都得到了回报。 (教材P31)
情景导学
Hearing the result, he sighed and decided to sell his house to pay off the increasing bills.听到这
个结果,他叹了一口气,决定卖掉房子来付清不断增加的账单。
用法归纳
pay off还可表示“　　　　　 ”。
词汇拓展
含有pay的其他常用短语:
pay for...为……付钱
词汇 3 pay off 取得成功;奏效
付清,偿清
pay sb. back向某人还钱;报复某人
pay attention to...注意……
pay a visit to游览;参观;拜访
They could not afford to pay for transportation for their dog, Tiffy, and desperately wanted to
take her with them.他们付不起他们的狗Tiffy的运输费用,而他们非常想带它一起去。 (2023新课标Ⅱ)
I’m afraid I don’t have enough cash on hand to pay you back.恐怕我手头没有足够的现金来
偿还你。
　　Audiences are reminded to turn off the phones or put them on silence.观众被提醒要关掉手机或把它们调成静音。 (教材P103)
情景导学
The volunteers put up a sign to remind people to save every drop of water.志愿者张贴标志来提醒人们节约每一滴水。　(写作·节约用水)
Those tomatoes had a taste that reminded me of the ones my uncle used to grow when I was a child.那些西红柿的味道让我想起了小时候我叔叔常常种的那些西红柿。 (2023全国甲)
用法归纳
①remind sb. 　　 sth./sb.使某人想起某事物/某人
②remind sb. 　　 sth.提醒某人做某事
③remind sb. that...提醒某人……
词汇拓展
reminder n.提醒人的事物;引起回忆的事物;通知单
词汇 4 remind vt.使(某人)想起,提醒
of
to do
　　You‘re prohibited from hitting the other person with your head, shoulder or arm.禁止用你
的头、肩膀或手臂打对方。 (教材P103)
情景导学
The new rules prohibit smoking in places like restaurants, hotels, railway stations and theaters.这些新规定禁止在像餐厅、旅馆、火车站和剧院这样的地方吸烟。
The students had a heated discussion about whether schools should prohibit students from using mobile phones on campus.学生们就学校是否应该禁止学生在校园里使用手机进行了激烈的讨论。　(写作·正反观点)
用法归纳
①prohibit 　　 sth.禁止做某事
②prohibit sb. 　　 doing sth.禁止某人做某事;阻止某人做某事
词汇 5 prohibit vt.禁止;阻止,使不可能
doing
from
易混辨析
易混词 词义 搭配
prohibit 指以法令、条例、规章的形
式禁止 ①prohibit sb. from doing sth.
②prohibit doing sth.
ban 指依法或由于社会压力而禁
止,含谴责或不赞成的态度 ban sb.from sth./from doing sth.
forbid 尤指权威者(如上级、官方、
家长、雇主、医生、老师等)
不允许,或客观条件不允许 ①forbid sb. to do sth.
②forbid sb. from doing sth.
She has been banned from driving for a year.她被禁止驾驶一年。
The doctor forbids him to smoke/from smoking.医生禁止他吸烟。
　　The gloves and mouth guards also help, in case anything happens.手套和护齿也有帮助,以
防发生什么事情。 (教材P104)
情景导学
In case I’m late, start without me.假如我来晚了,你们就别等我,先开始吧。
The sun is shining, but I’ll take an umbrella (just) in case.现在阳光灿烂,但我会带上雨伞,以防
万一。
The woman gave him the instructions in case the device went wrong again.这位女士给了他操作
指南,以防设备再次出故障。
词汇 6 in case 以防万一;如果,假使
用法归纳
①in case可以引导　　　 从句,意为“以防,免得”,还可以引导条件状语从句,意为“　 　 ”。
②just in case起副词作用,置于句尾,意为“　　　 ”,just可省略。
词汇拓展
含有case的其他常用短语:
in case of如果;假使
in this/that case既然这/那样
in any case无论如何;不管怎样
in no case决不,在任何情况下都不(位于句首时,句子要用部分倒装)
目的状语
如果,假如
以防万一
it is often the case that...=as is often the case...……是常有的事
In addition, in case of rain, I have prepared two raincoats.另外,如果下雨,我还准备了两件雨
衣。
In no case should you leave here.在任何情况下你都不应该离开这里。
　　I know you’ve had lots to occupy your time...我知道已经有很多事情占用你的时间……
(教材P104)
情景导学
She occupied herself in doing routine office tasks.她忙于办公室的日常工作。
Last week, we all occupied ourselves with the activity“Working is the most glorious”.上周,我
们都忙于“劳动最光荣”这个活动。 (写作·参加社会实践活动)
用法归纳
①occupy sb./sth./oneself 　　 ...使某人/某物/自己忙于……
②occupy sb./sth./oneself (　　 ) doing sth.使某人/某物/自己忙于做某事
③occupy sb.’s mind/thoughts/attention占据某人的脑海/思想/注意力
词汇 7 occupy vt.占据;占用(空间、面积、时间等);使忙于
with
in
词汇拓展
①occupied adj.忙于……的
be occupied (in) doing sth.忙于做某事
be occupied with sth.忙于某事
The students are occupied in preparing for the festival.那些学生忙于为这个节日做准备。
②occupation n.[C]工作,职业;消遣,业余活动;[U]侵占,占领
Jobs and occupations come and go at an amazing pace these days.如今,工作更换、职业更替
的速度惊人。
③常见的表示“忙于(做)某事”的搭配还有:be busy doing sth./with sth.
be engaged in/on sth.
　　We played so poorly last time! It was such a disappointment.我们队上次打得太糟糕了!真
是令人失望。 (教材P104)
情景导学
To his disappointment, his son was addicted to surfing the Internet.令他失望的是,他的儿子沉迷
于上网。
用法归纳
　　 one’s (great) disappointment=(much) to one’s disappointment令某人(非常)失望的是
词汇 8 disappointment n.[U]失望;扫兴;沮丧;[C]使人失望的人(或事物);令人扫兴的人
(或事物)
to
词汇拓展
①disappoint vt.& vi.(使)失望
②disappointed adj.失望的,沮丧的
be disappointed in/with sb.对某人失望
be disappointed at/by/with/about sth.对某事物失望
be disappointed to do sth.对做某事感到失望
be disappointed that...对……感到失望
They were bitterly disappointed at/by/with/about the result of the game.他们对比赛结果极其
失望。 (读后续写·心理描写)
Visitors were disappointed to find the museum closed.游客们发现博物馆闭馆了,感到很失
望。
③disappointing adj.令人失望的,令人扫兴的
In general,this was a disappointing performance.总的来说,这场表演令人失望。
特别提醒
①disappointing表示“令人失望的”,一般用于描述事物给人的感觉。disappointed 表示“感
到失望的”,一般用于说明人的感觉,若修饰 voice、look、expression、appearance等名词,则
表示与之相关的逻辑主语感到失望。
②有相似用法的还有amazed(感到惊讶的)和amazing(令人惊讶的)、satisfied(感到满意的)和
satisfying(令人满意的)等。
As people often say, any exercise is better than none, but long-distance running in particular has a lot of benefits.正如人们常说的,做任何运动都比不运动好,但是长跑尤其有很多好处。 (教
材P37)
情景导学
This fruit-picking experience was of great benefit to us and taught us the importance of working.
这次摘水果的经历让我们获益良多,它使我们懂得了劳动的重要性。 (写作·劳动感悟)
For the benefit of both sides/For both sides’ benefit, they will increase their cooperation.为了双
方的利益,他们将增加合作。
Several provinces will benefit from/by the railway that is being built at present.几个省将从目前
正在修建的铁路中获益。
词汇 9 benefit n.好处,益处vt.使受益 vi.得益于
用法归纳
①be 　　 benefit (to...) (对……)有益;(对……)有好处
②　　 the benefit of sb./sth.=　　 sb.’s/sth.’s benefit为了某人/某物的利益
③benefit 　 　 ...从……中获益
词汇拓展
beneficial adj.有益的,有利的
be beneficial to/for...对……有益
Cycling is highly beneficial to our health and the environment.骑自行车对我们的健康和环境
都大有裨益。 (写作·体育运动)
of
for
for
from/by
　　It is a great sport for beginners—you do not need a gym membership or any special equipment.对于初学者来说,这是一项很棒的运动——你不需要健身房会员资格,也不需要任何特殊的装备。 (教材P37)
情景导学
The treadmill in our living room has become a piece of equipment that benefits everyone in our
family.我们客厅里的跑步机已经成为一件让我们家每个人都受益的设备。
用法归纳
　　　　　　　　　　　 一件设备
特别提醒
equipment是不可数名词,没有复数形式,其作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
词汇拓展
equip vt.装备,配备;使有能力,使有所准备
词汇 10 equipment n.设备,装备
a piece of equipment
equip sb./sth. with sth.给某人/某物配备某物
equip sb. for...使某人能够胜任……
equip sb. to do sth.使某人有能力做某事
Our school will be equipped with tablet computers in every classroom. What a great piece of
information for us!我们学校的每间教室都将配备平板电脑,这对我们来说是一条多么好的消
息啊!
This course is designed to equip students for a career in medicine.此课程旨在使学生能够胜
任医务工作。
His work experience equipped him to deal with all kinds of people.他的工作经验使他有能力
与各种各样的人打交道。
　　Running will help you get fit and prevent diseases.跑步会帮助你变得健康,预防疾病。
(教材P37)
情景导学
He is a determined man so nothing can prevent him from pursuing his dream.他是一个意志坚定
的人,所以没有什么能阻止他追求他的梦想。 (写作·人物介绍)
用法归纳
prevent sb. (from) 　　 sth.阻止某人做某事
词汇拓展
①prevention n.预防,防止
②preventable adj.可预防的,可避免的
词汇 11 prevent vt.预防;阻止,阻挡
doing
③表示“阻止……做某事”的搭配还有:
stop...(from) doing sth.
keep...from doing sth.
其中keep...from doing sth.结构中的from不可以省略,变为被动语态时,from也不可以省略。
We hope to stop anything unpleasant (from) happening.=We hope to keep anything unpleasant
from happening.我们希望阻止任何不愉快的事发生。
Even a thirty-minute run will provide relief from aches or tension that you may be suffering due
to stress.即使是三十分钟的跑步也能缓解你因压力而可能遭受的疼痛或紧张。(教材P37)
情景导学
To my relief, it was through this run that David became much stronger.让我欣慰的是,正是通过
这次跑步,戴维变得坚强多了。 (读后续写·心理描写)
She smiled with/in relief after she heard her son had been admitted to Tsinghua University.
听说她的儿子被清华大学录取了,她宽慰地笑了。
It’s a relief to know that he has recovered from his illness.知道他已经康复了,(我)就放心了。
词汇 12 relief n.减轻,缓解;宽慰
Breathing a sigh of relief, I took my bag and thanked this stranger.我松了一口气,拿起我的包,向
这个陌生人表示感谢。 (读后续写·动作描写)
用法归纳
①　　　　　　　 (=to the relief of sb.)让某人感到欣慰的是
②　　　 relief宽慰地/欣慰地
③it is a relief 　　 sth.做某事是令人宽慰的
④breathe a sigh of relief　　　　　　　
⑤What a relief! 可轻松了!
词汇拓展
①relieve vt.减轻,缓解;解除
relieve sb. of...帮助某人减轻(负担);替某人拿(重物);解除某人的职务
to sb.’s relief
with/in
to do
松了一口气
Our school often organizes various after-school activities, relieving us of our stress to some
degree.我们学校经常组织各种各样的课外活动,这在某种程度上缓解了我们的压力。 (写
作·学校生活)
②relieved adj.放心的,感到宽慰的
be relieved to see/hear/find/know...看到/听到/发现/知道……而感到宽慰
be relieved that...因……而感到宽慰
His mother was relieved to see him happy again.看到他又高兴起来,他妈妈放心了。
　　Nothing gives one more satisfaction than realising that all the sweat and hard work were
worth it in the end.没有什么比意识到所有的汗水和努力最终都是值得的更让人满足的了。
(教材P38)
情景导学
To my satisfaction, all my efforts have paid off.使我感到满足的是,我所有的努力都得到了回
报。
With all the books he was interested in bought, Tom left the bookshop with great satisfaction.汤姆买了所有他感兴趣的书,心满意足地离开了书店。 (读后续写·心理描写)
Moreover, music gave me hope and a sense of satisfaction.此外,音乐还给了我希望和满足
感。
词汇 13 satisfaction n.满足,满意,欣慰
用法归纳
①　　 one’s satisfaction使某人感到满足的是
②　　 satisfaction 满意地;欣慰地
③　　　　　　　 满足感
④get/gain satisfaction from (doing) sth.从(做)某事中获得满足感
词汇拓展
①dissatisfaction n.不满意,不满足
②satisfy vt.使满意,满足
satisfy one’s needs/demands/desires 满足某人的需要/要求/愿望
③satisfied adj.满意的,满足的
be satisfied with...对……感到满意
to
with
a sense of satisfaction
Though we didn’t win the game, we were satisfied with our performance.虽然我们没有赢得
比赛,但我们对自己的表现感到满意。　　 (写作·比赛)
④satisfying adj.令人满意的,令人满足的
A good book can be satisfying, can improve your knowledge and can teach you a lot.一本好书
可以让人感到满足,可以增长你的知识,可以教会你很多东西。
　　The audience was amazed at his show of sportsmanship and cheered and clapped.观众对他
表现出的体育精神感到惊讶,并欢呼鼓掌。 (教材P40)
情景导学
I’m amazed to receive a call from my high school classmate.接到我的高中同学的电话我很惊讶。
We were amazed at/by her wide knowledge of Chinese literature.她的中国文学知识之丰富使我
们大为惊奇。
I’m amazed (that) the city has made so many great achievements in recent years.我很惊讶这座
城市近年来取得了这么多伟大的成就。
词汇 14 amazed adj.大为惊奇的,惊讶的
用法归纳
①be amazed 　　 ...对……感到惊讶
②be amazed 　　 sth.因做某事而感到惊讶
③be amazed (that)...因……而感到惊讶
词汇拓展
①amazing adj.令人大为惊奇的
This summer, I decided to learn photography and it turned out to be an amazing journey.今年
夏天,我决定学习摄影,结果这是一段令人惊奇的旅程。
②amazingly adv.令人惊奇地
③amaze vt.使惊奇
at/by
to do
It amazed me that she could have the energy to finish all the tasks all by herself.她竟然有精力
独自完成所有的任务,这让我感到惊讶。
④amazement n.惊奇,惊愕,惊诧
in amazement惊奇地
to one’s amazement令某人惊奇的是
To my amazement, the old teacher can still remember me after so many years.令我惊讶的是,
这么多年过去了,那位老教师还能记得我。
　　However, Navarro refused, and his response was: “Offering me the prize was worth more than what I did for him.”然而,纳瓦罗拒绝了,他的回答是:“给我这个奖比我为他所做的更有价值。” (教材P40)
情景导学
In response to this environmental issue, China is carrying out significant policies and measures to address climate change.针对这一环境问题,中国正在实施重要的政策和措施来应对气候变化。(China Daily)
Millions of people made a quick and active response to the appeal for helping the victims of the
earthquake.数以百万计的人迅速而积极地响应了帮助地震灾民的呼吁。 (写作·援助灾区)
用法归纳
①in response 　　 ...作为对……的答复;为了应对……
②　　 　　　　　　 ...对……作出反应/回答
词汇 15 response n.回答,答复;反应
to
make a response to
词汇拓展
respond v.回答;作出反应
respond to...回应……,对……作出反应
respond to...with sth./by doing sth.以某物/以做某事回应……
In any case, he will respond to emails that he receives immediately.无论如何,他会立即回复他
收到的电子邮件。
特别提醒
respond to、in response to、make a response to中的to都是介词,后接名词、代词或动名词。
高频词汇积累
词汇 释义 用法&拓展
frequency n.发生的频率,发生率 the high/low frequency (of...)(……的)高/低发生率
frequent adj.频繁的
frequently adv.频繁地
常见的频度副词按照动作发
生的频率由高到低依次为:
always/constantly总是>usually通常>often/frequently经常>sometimes有时>occasionally偶尔>seldom/rarely不常;罕有>never从未
rather than 而不是 We should think about others rather than only
ourselves.我们应该考虑他人,而不是只考
虑自己。
instead of代替;而不是
in good/bad shape 健康状况良好/不佳 in good/bad condition健康状况良好/糟糕
in good/poor health健康状况好/不好
defeat vt.(在比赛、战争中)战胜,打
败 n.失败 A man can be destroyed but not defeated.一个人可以被毁灭,但不能被打败。
a narrow/heavy defeat惜败/惨败
accept/admit defeat接受/承认失败
suffer a defeat遭受失败
company n.公司;一群人;陪伴(生义) keep pany陪伴某人
in company with...与……一起;与……同时
desire n.渴望;欲望 vt.渴望;期望 have a (strong) desire to do
sth.有(强烈的)欲望做某事
have a desire for sth.渴望得到某物
desire (sb.) to do sth.期望(某人)做某事
pack n.包,包裹;绷带,敷布 vi.& vt.把……包起来 Driven by curiosity, the boy opened the
bag and found a pack of clothes there.在好奇心的驱使下,男孩打开了包,发现里面有一包衣服。
pack up收拾(行李)
pack sth. away(用后)收拾好
keep up with 跟上,保持同步 含有keep的其他常用短语:
keep away from远离
keep (on) doing...继续做……
keep...out of使……不进入;把……关在外面
keep to遵守;不离开
keep up保持;坚持
keep in touch with...与……保持联系
keep...in mind记住……
earn vt.赢得;博得;挣得 earn sb. sth.使某人赢得/挣得某物
earn money=make money挣钱
earn a/one’s living=make a earn one’s respect赢得某人的尊敬
earn a reputation赢得声誉
earnings n.工资,收入;利润,收益
announcement n.通告,公告 make an announcement 发表公告
announce vt.宣布,宣告(决定、计划等);声称;宣称
announce sth. to sb.向某人宣布某事(不能用announce sb. sth.)
announce that...宣布……
It is/was announced that...据宣布……
amount n.数量,数额 vi.总计;相当于 a large/good/great amount of大量的(后接不可数名词,作主语时,谓语动词用单数)
large/small amounts of大/少量的(后接不可数名词,作主语时,谓语动词用复数)
amount to总计;相当于
sight n.视野;看见 in/within sight看得见;在视野内　
out of sight在视野外;看不见
at first sight乍一看;初次见到
at the sight of...一看见……
catch/lose sight of...看见/再也看不见……
come into sight出现
defend vi.& vt.保护,保卫;为……辩
解 defend...from/against...保护……免受……伤害;就……为……辩护
defence/defense n.保卫;防守;辩护
in defence of为……辩护;为了保护……
defensive adj.防御的;保护的;百般辩解的
Make a list of the feelings you may have when playing or watching sports.把你在进行或观看体
育运动时可能有的感受列成清单。 (教材P35)
情景导学
I’ll ask you for help if (it is) necessary.如果有必要,我会请求你的帮助。
They felt stressed while (they were) waiting for the sunset.他们在等待日落的时候感到焦虑不
安。 (2023全国乙)
Though (he was) young, he had to live on his own.虽然很小,但他不得不独自生活。
经典结构 情景破
结构 1 状语从句的省略
用法归纳
在含有表示时间、地点、条件、方式、比较或让步等的状语从句的主从复合句中,当状语从
句的主语与主句的主语一致,或状语从句的主语是　　 ,且状语从句的谓语含有be动词时,
状语从句常使用省略形式,可省去　　 和be动词。
特别提醒
如果从句和主句的主语不一致,则从句不可使用省略形式。
While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is a must to visit!当你在中国的时候,黄山是必游
之地! (2021新高考Ⅰ)
it
主语
Nothing gives one more satisfaction than realising that all the sweat and hard work were worth it
in the end.没有什么比意识到所有的汗水和努力最终都是值得的更让人满足的了。(教材P38)
情景导学
Nothing is more precious than health.健康是最宝贵的。 (写作·健康的重要性)
—What do you think of the film last night
—It couldn’t be worse.
——你觉得昨晚的电影怎么样
——糟糕透了。
What a wonderful novel! I have never read a more moving one.多么好的一部小说啊!我从来没
有读过比这更感人的小说。
结构 2 “否定词+比较级(+than...)”表示最高级意义
用法归纳
①“否定词+比较级(+than...)”相当于最高级,通常意为“　　　 　　 ”或“完全,十分,非常”。用“否定词+比较级(+than...)”表示最高级意义比直接用最高级更有说服力。
②常用于此用法的否定词有no、not、never、　　　 、nobody、hardly等。
结构拓展
表示最高级意义的其他结构:
比较级+than+any other+可数名词单数
比较级+than+the other+可数名词复数
比较级+than+any of the other+可数名词复数
比较级+than+anything/anyone else
比较级+than+the rest of the+可数名词复数/不可数名词
没有(比……)更……的了
nothing
He works harder than any other student in his class.
=He works harder than the other students in his class.
=He works harder than any of the other students in his class.
=He works harder than the rest of the students in his class.他比班上的其他学生都更加努力学习。(他是班里学习最努力的。)
　　Esteban had been cycling as hard as he could for hours and with the finishing line in sight all
the cyclists began to speed up to cross it.埃斯特班已经拼命地骑行了几个小时,随着终点线进
入视野,所有的自行车手都开始加快速度以冲过终点线。 (教材P40)
情景导学
With nothing to do, they went out for a walk.他们无事可做,出门散步去了。
The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background.这个位置使我们
能够在日落的背景下眺望湖泊。 (2023全国乙)
With the exam approaching, it is a good idea to review your class notes.随着考试临近,复习你的
课堂笔记是个好主意。 (写作·建议信)
With all the things she needed bought, she went home happily.所有需要的东西都买到了,她高
高兴兴地回家了。
结构 3 with的复合结构
用法归纳
　　①with的复合结构由“with+宾语+宾语补足语”构成,在句中主要用作状语,表示伴随、
原因、时间、条件、方式等。
②with的复合结构主要的构成形式:with+名词/代词+形容词;with+名词/代词+副词;with+名
词/代词+　　　　　 ;with+名词/代词+非谓语动词。
　　在“with+名词/代词+非谓语动词”结构中,非谓语动词可以有三种形式:
　　a.用　　　　 　 表示将要发生的动作;
b.用　　　　　 表示与前面的宾语是逻辑上的主动关系;
　　c.用　　　　　 表示与前面的宾语是逻辑上的被动关系。
介词短语
动词不定式
现在分词
过去分词
长难句图解
Sentence 1
译文　当我们不在大楼旁边的球场上打球时,我们就在电视上看比赛。
Sentence 2
译文　保罗最喜欢的球员是蒂尼·博格斯,一个效力于夏洛特黄蜂队的男人,尽管实际上我们
一致认为他们俩都是冠军。
时间状语从句
定语从句
定语从句
让步状语从句
宾语从句
Sentence 3
译文 这周,狮队将迎战我们的主要竞争对手——熊队,这支球队在本赛季的纪录堪称完
美。
Sentence 4
译文　正如人们常说的,做任何运动都比不运动好,但长跑尤其有很多好处。
定语从句
非限制性定语从句
Sentence 5
译文　此外,任何情绪低落的人都可以去跑步让自己振作起来。
定语从句
定语从句
　　在主从复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行
词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词。定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。根据定语从句与先行词
的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。前者紧跟先行词,主句与从
句不用逗号分开,如果省去从句,主句意思含糊不清;后者与主句之间用逗号分开,起补充说明
的作用,如果省去从句,主句意思仍然清楚完整。
学习定语从句的焦点是关系词的选择,关系词和先行词有着密切的关系,关系词分为关系代
词和关系副词,本单元我们学习五个常见的关系代词:that、which、who、whom和whose。
必备语法 情景破
一、关系代词的用法
1.that、which的用法
情景导学
The plan (that/which) they argued about was settled at last.他们争论的那个计划终于确定了。
This may be the suitcase that/which contains important material.这也许是那个装有重要材料的
手提箱。
Li Fei is the girl(that/who/whom) I usually go to school with.李菲就是那个常常和我一起去上
学的女孩。
用法归纳
(1)that既可指人也可指物,在定语从句中可以作①　　 、②　　 或表语,作③　　 时可以省略,作主语时不可省略。that指人时常可与who、whom互换,指物时常可与which互换。
主语
宾语
宾语
(2)which用于指代表示事物的先行词,在定语从句中作④　　 、⑤　　 等,作宾语时可以
省略,但作介词的宾语且直接跟在介词后时不可省略。
2.who、whom的用法
情景导学
Do you know the girl (whom/who/that) I talked to just now 你认识刚才和我说话的那个女孩吗
They were well trained by their masters who/that had great experience with caring for these animals.它们被它们的主人训练得很好,它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。
They are looking for the patient on whom doctors performed an operation five days ago.他们正
在寻找五天前医生给其做过手术的那位病人。
用法归纳
(1)⑥　　 用于指代表示人的先行词,在定语从句中作主语、宾语,作宾语时可以省略,作主
语时不可省略。who作主语时可与that互换,作宾语时可与that、whom互换。
主语
宾语
who
(2)⑦　　 用于指代表示人的先行词,在定语从句中作动词或介词的宾语,一般可以省略,但
作介词的宾语且直接跟在介词后时不可省略。在现代英语里,whom可以用who或that替代;但
是当关系词在从句中作介词的宾语且直接跟在介词后时只能用whom,而不能用who或that。
3.whose的用法
情景导学
It’s the house whose door is painted red.这就是那座门被漆成红色的房子。
There was once a boy called Jagan, whose dream was to become a famous football player.曾经有
一个叫贾根的男孩,他的梦想是成为一名著名的足球运动员。
用法归纳
whose 用于指代表示人或物的先行词,在定语从句中作⑧　　 ,表示“某人的;某物的”,与
其修饰的名词是所属关系,一起构成一个名词短语,在从句中充当成分。
whom
定语
二、关系代词宜用that不宜用which的情况
情景导学
This is the best film that I have ever seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。
She is the very girl that has got a prize.她就是那个获奖的女孩。
He did everything that he could to help us.他做了一切能做的事来帮助我们。
Which is the dictionary that you bought yesterday 你昨天买的是哪本字典
All that we can do is give you some advice.我们能做的只有给你提供一些建议。
The writer and his work that you told me are really famous.你告诉我的那个作家和他的作品确
实很有名。
When people talk about Hangzhou,the first that comes to mind is the West Lake.当人们谈到杭
州时,第一个想到的就是西湖。
用法归纳
(1)先行词是序数词或形容词最高级,或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。
(2)先行词是anything/⑨　　 /nothing/none/all/few/little等不定代词或被every、each、no、
all、few、little、much等修饰时。
(3)先行词被⑩　　 /the only/the same/the last等修饰时。
(4)先行词既有人又有物时。
(5)主句是以 　　 开头的特殊疑问句时。
不定代词
　　不定代词是不具体指明代替某个特定名词的代词。一般来讲,修饰复合不定代词的词要
置于其后。常用的不定代词有:some、something、somebody、someone、any、anything、
anybody、anyone、nothing、nobody、none、no one、everything、everybody、everyone、each、all、both、much、many、(a) little、(a) few、other(s)、another、one(s)、either、neither等。
everything
the very
which
一、不定代词的语法功能
情景导学
Is that all you want to know 那就是所有你想知道的吗
There is a little water in the glass.玻璃杯里有一点水。
I felt quite sorry for everything I had done before.我对我以前所做的一切感到非常抱歉。
No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried.好几个小时没人看到它
们了,我和我的同事都很担心。
用法归纳
　　不定代词在句中可以作 　　 、 　　 、表语和定语等成分。
主语
宾语
二、常见的不定代词的辨析
1.不定代词both、all、either、any、neither、none
都 任何 一个 都不 (全部否定) 部分否定
两者 both either neither =not either both和not连用
三者或三 者以上 all any none =not any all和not连用
2.不定代词the other、other、another、others
the other 可单独使用,特指两个人或物中的“另一个”;也可修饰名词,表示“另外的,其他的”
other 不能单独使用,只能修饰名词,表示泛指意义
another 可单独使用,也可修饰名词,泛指人或物中的“另一个”,代替或修饰单数可数名词。另外another后可接“大于1的基数词/few+复数名词”,表示“另外多少的……”
others 可单独使用,表示泛指意义,意为“其他的人或事物”,常与some一起出现;特指“其他的全部人或事物”时用the others
3.复合不定代词
某个 任何 每个,所有 没有
人 someone/ somebody anyone/ anybody everyone/ everybody no one/
nobody
物 something anything everything nothing
特别提醒
something表示“大致,左右;值得注意的事物”;anything but表示“根本不”;nothing but表示
“仅仅”。
即时巩固
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.(2023新课标Ⅱ)As an artist 　　　　 shares her journey on social media, I’m often asked by
curious followers how to begin an art journey.
2.(2023全国乙)It is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television
screens and 　　　　 recipe books frequently top the best seller lists.
3.(2022新高考Ⅰ)Producing food 　 　　　 no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it.
4.(2020天津5月改编)For years I wanted to do everything 　　　　 my elder brother Tyson
did, but no matter how hard I tried, I was always the neglected(被忽略的) one.
5.(2020江苏)Many lessons are now available online, from 　　　　 students can choose for free.
6.On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth 　　　　 gives off light in the dark.
who/that
whose
that/which
that
which
that/which
7.A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists 　　　　 had been trapped in the moun-
tains for two days.
8.Many young people, most of　　　　 were well-educated, headed for remote regions to
chase their dreams.
9.Recently I bought an ancient Chinese painting,　　　　 price was very reasonable.
10.This is one of the most exciting basketball games 　　　　 left a deep impression on mil-
lions of fans.
Ⅱ.在横线处填入合适的不定代词
1.(2023新课标Ⅰ)On this one, list all the positive things you’ve done for 　　　　 .
2.John didn’t choose any of the three jackets because he found 　　　　 of them satisfactory.
3.You can ask anyone for help. 　　　　 here is willing to lend you a hand.
4.She’d lived in London and Manchester, but she liked 　　　　 and moved to Cambridge.
who/that
whom
whose
that
others
none
Everyone/Everybody
neither
5.Taking regular exercise is one good way to help us keep fit and having a balanced diet is 　　
　 .
6.When you introduce me to the businessman, could you please say 　　　　 for me
7.The witness was asked a lot of questions by the policeman,but she didn’t answer 　　　　 of
them.
another
something
any