译林版选择性必修三Unit 2 Part 1 Welcome to the unit & Reading分层练习（含解析）

Unit 2　Out of this world
Part 1　Welcome to the unit & Reading
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.Without 　　　　(重力), we couldn't walk on the ground as freely as we do now.
2.There are no 　　　　(永久的) displays in this museum and minority exhibitions change all the time.
3.E　　　　 your performance and, if needed, redefine your role.
4.The three 　　　　 (航天员) in China's space station extended their greetings in a video released by the China Manned Space Agency.
5.A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny 　　　　(生物) lived.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.She is now fully occupied　　　　　 her homework.
2.He was desperately eager to be back after more than a week's 　　　　　(absent) from school.
3.The vaccination program will also cover those who plan to work in countries and regions with a medium or high risk of 　　　　　(expose) to the virus.
4.I wear a bright orange jacket while bicycling because it makes me highly 　　　　　(vision) to car drivers.
5.Don't bother 　　　　　(make) the bed—I'll do it before I make my way to the shop.
6. 　　　　　 we can see is that culture and cuisine go hand in hand.
7.He 　　　　　(discipline) at school for talking back to the teacher.
8.It is vital that we 　　　　　(be) in a good state of mind in the face of failure.
Ⅲ.选词填空
in view of, cast new light on, lead to
At first I found it hard to learn English. Apart from my poor vocabulary, I couldn't make sense of grammar knowledge. 1.　　　　　　 the idea that practice makes perfect, I practiced every day, which 2.　　　　　　 a steady improvement in my English. Learning English 3.　　　　　　 the truth that learning new things has a lot in common.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.This dictionary is very useful to learners of English.(句型转换)
→This dictionary is　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 to learners of English.(of+n.)
2.无论如何你都不应该丧失信心。
Under no circumstances 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　.
3.她微笑着,她的长发在微风中飘动。(with的复合结构,flutter)
She smiled, 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 in the breeze.(读后续写—场景描写)
4.In my view, health is the most important thing in our daily life.(句式升级:比较级用于否定句)
→In my view, 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 in our daily life.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
Living in space is a challenging but magical adventure. People would love to know　1　 daily life is like in space and how it differs from that on the Earth. Due to the near 　2　(absent) of gravity in space, the astronauts have to attach themselves so that they don't float around. Their main task is 　3　(conduct) scientific research and with the space station needing a lot of maintenance, they 　4　(constant) check support systems and do some cleaning. The most 　5　(challenge) work is to perform tasks outside the space station and in the circumstances, it's time for a spacewalk. 　6　 view of the low-gravity environment, eating is also different in space with most food dried or freeze-dried and they must drink water through 　7　 thin tube of plastic from a bag. Exercise is of vital importance to their health and they have to 　8　(tie) onto special exercise equipment to stop themselves from floating around. During 　9　(they) leisure time, they like to sit back with the rest of the crew and watch the Earth go by, 　10　(take) pictures for their family and friends.
1.　　　　　　 2.　　　　　　 3.　　　　　　 4.　　　　　　
5.　　　　　　 6.　　　　　　 7.　　　　　　 8.　　　　　　
9.　　　　　　 10.　　　　　　
Ⅱ.语法填空
　　The Voyager program was conceived as a grand tour of the solar system. It was actually 　1　 engineer in the Jet Propulsion Laboratory that realized in the late 1970s there was going to be a 　2　(gold) opportunity. And that was 　3　 the planets were all going to more or less line up on one side of the sun. And that's really crucial when you're trying to explore one planet after another, because of course all the planets in the solar system are orbiting 　4　(independent). Sometimes we're on, say, the same side of the sun as Jupiter is 　5　 sometimes Jupiter is way on the other side of the sun from us, you know, many, many, many billions of miles away. So, there was this time coming in the late 1970s 　6　 you could launch a spacecraft and it could actually go to Jupiter, then onto Saturn, because they were both on the same side of the sun, and you could even possibly get to Uranus and Neptune and maybe even Pluto.
The fly-by trips 　7　(involve) the four planets became known as the Voyager “Grand Tour”. And this was the Voyager program: Voyager 1 and Voyager 2. NASA officials have said that when first 　8　(launch), the Voyager mission was expected to last five years. Both Voyagers are the only spacecrafts so far 　9　(explore) interstellar(星际的) space. And over the last couple of years, we 　10　(follow) them through this transition truly out of the range of our solar system.
1.　　　　　　 2.　　　　　　 3.　　　　　　 4.　　　　　　
5.　　　　　　 6.　　　　　　 7.　　　　　　 8.　　　　　　
9.　　　　　　 10.　　　　　　
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
　　For those of us who grew up watching Star Trek, exploring space has been about discovering strange new worlds. And there are plenty of worlds to explore over time, but we still need major technological advancements to reach planets that are light years away.
　　What we are doing in space today is providing incredible benefits right now, right here on Earth. From space, we can monitor, manage and care for our planet. Satellite-based sensors show us the short- and long-term effects of human activities on our environment. Many companies are using their interest in space to help solve problems here, from using hyperspectral imaging(高光谱成像), which enables us to map vegetation(植被) and rain forests, to microsatellites that provide global connectivity for the network of things.
　　My company, OneWeb, is focusing on what I believe is one of the world's most important issues: the need for equal access to the Internet. The Internet has become our economic lifeblood. And yet, nearly half of the world's population doesn't have Internet access. Space is playing a crucial role in bridging this digital divide. OneWeb is launching 1,980 satellites to help bring Internet access to people everywhere, and our first production satellites are already flying in space and have shown very high download speeds.
　　Fiber and cable Internet access technologies already cover most financially viable(可行的) major cities. Similarly, these regions will also be the first to be served with 5G. Poor communities are the last to get connected, and without connectivity, those communities have no chance to lift themselves from poverty. OneWeb's satellites will reach every community in the world and enable equal access to the Internet for the world's less developed places.
　　More than fifty years from the day when man first walked on the moon, we are still merely approaching the possible. There will be tens of thousands of new satellites, space stations and factories in the coming years to bring advancements in communications, scientific research, monitoring the earth, exploring space and more. This is exciting, but we must take action carefully.
1.What is the second paragraph mainly about
A.Benefits space exploration can bring to us.
B.Problems space exploration leads to.
C.Steps space exploration requires.
D.Equipment space exploration needs.
2.What is OneWeb aiming to do
A.Increase download speeds.
B.Narrow the gap in Internet learning.
C.Help people set up and maintain a website.
D.Enable people to make use of the Internet equally.
3.What can we know from the text
A.More than six decades ago, man first walked on the moon.
B.More than half of the world's people have no access to the Internet.
C.OneWeb's satellites will make it possible for most people to be served with 5G.
D.Without the Internet, poor communities can hardly help themselves out of poverty.
4.What will the writer probably continue to write about in the following paragraph
A.The risks of furthering space exploration.
B.The value of setting up space stations.
C.The way we could monitor our earth.
D.The features of microsatellites.
B
　　The American astronaut Mae Jemison was only a little girl back in the 1960s. But she was old enough to know there was something strange about the Apollo astronauts as she watched them go into space on TV: They were all men—no women could be seen.
　　“That was the most absurd thing in the world,” Jemison, now an astronaut herself, once told The Atlantic. “I just thought, would aliens actually think this is all there is to humanity ”
　　Fortunately, the past several decades has seen the world becoming a less “absurd” place. From NASA's first astronaut class in 1959, which was all-male, to its class in 2013, in which half of all eight members were women, we can see how things are changing.
　　And on March 29, 2019 another history was about to be made when an all-female team—Anne McClain and Christina Koch—was scheduled to make an “all-female spacewalk” since all previous spacewalks were done with at least one male astronaut.
　　But that plan was eventually cancelled, due to “spacesuit availability”, which means NASA doesn't have two suits that fit women. The world is still pretty “absurd” after all.
　　In fact, tests have long proved that women are not at all less competent than men when it comes to space tasks. But apparently, test results are not enough to fight off the world's long-existing bias against women. According to Atlas Obscura, female astronauts were sometimes asked sexist questions during news conferences—examples include how they would live for a week without makeup, or how they could leave their children behind to go on space missions—when male astronauts were never bothered by such questions.
　　Hopefully—give it another few decades—we'll be able to see the world that's fully grown out of its absurdity in terms of gender equality. And hopefully, when aliens do come to visit one of our space stations, they'll see humanity in the way it should be.
5.How did Jemison probably feel when she watched the Apollo astronauts as a kid
A.Angry.
B.Excited.
C.Surprised.
D.Bored.
6.What event shows the continuous existence of absurdity according to the author
A.The cancellation of the first all-female spacewalk.
B.NASA's astronaut class that was organized in 2013.
C.People's disagreement on the all-female spacewalk.
D.The unwillingness to produce enough suits that fit women.
7.What does the author want to explain with the report of Atlas Obscura
A.Negative opinions about women.
B.The dislike for female astronauts.
C.Women's ability in space missions.
D.The preference for male astronauts.
8.What's the author's purpose in writing the text
A.To encourage people to be astronauts.
B.To show his love for female astronauts.
C.To encourage people to support females.
D.To express his support for female astronauts.
答案与分层梯度式解析
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.gravity　2.permanent　3.Evaluate　4.astronauts
5.creatures
Ⅱ.1.with　考查固定短语。be occupied with...意为“忙于……”,为固定短语。故填with。
2.absence　考查名词。空前有名词所有格a week's修饰,应用名词。故填absence。句意:缺课一个多星期后,他极其渴望回到学校。
3.exposure　考查名词。根据空前的介词of可知,设空处应用名词。故填exposure。句意:疫苗接种计划还将包含那些计划在接触病毒的风险为中等或高等的国家和地区工作的人。
4. visible　考查形容词。句意:我骑自行车时穿一件亮橙色的夹克,因为这样可以让汽车司机很明显地看到我。此处为“make+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,结合句意可知,此处表示“可见的;明显的”,所以用形容词作宾语补足语。故填visible。
5.making/to make　考查固定用法。动词bother后面既可以接动名词作宾语,又可以接动词不定式作宾语,意为“花费精力做某事”。故填making或to make。句意:别费心铺床了——我去商店之前会铺。
6.What　考查主语从句。分析句子可知,设空处引导主语从句,从句中缺少动词see的宾语,指事物,所以用连接代词what引导。设空处位于句首,故填What。句意:我们可以看到的是文化和菜肴密切相关。
7. was disciplined　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:他因为和老师顶嘴而在学校受到了处罚。设空处为谓语,此处discipline与He之间构成被动关系,且描述的是过去发生的事情,所以应用一般过去时的被动语态,主语为第三人称单数,谓语也应用第三人称单数形式。故填was disciplined。
8. be　考查虚拟语气。此处为“It is vital that...”句型,It为形式主语,that从句为真正的主语,从句应用虚拟语气,即谓语动词用“should+动词原形”形式,should可以省略;根据语法填空题的答题要求可知,本空应直接填be。句意:在面对失败时,有良好的心态是至关重要的。
类比启发　　在“It is+形容词+that...”句型中,若形容词为vital、crucial、important、necessary、appropriate、proper、essential等,表示“必要性、重要性”,谓语动词用“should+动词原形”形式,should可以省略。
Ⅲ.1.In view of　2.led to　3.cast new light on
Ⅳ.1.of great use　2.should you lose heart　3.with her long hair fluttering　4.nothing is more important than health
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.what　考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知,and连接两个并列的宾语从句,作动词know的宾语,“　1　 daily life is like in space”中缺少介词like的宾语,指物。故填what。
易错归因　　本题易错填that或which。that能引导宾语从句,但在从句中不作任何成分;which虽然能在从句中作宾语,但通常只能在有选择范围时使用。
2.absence　考查名词。根据空前的定冠词the和空后的介词of可知,此处应用名词。故填absence。
3.to conduct　考查动词不定式。分析句子结构可知,设空处作表语,主语为task,所以用动词不定式作表语,表示具体的动作。故填to conduct。
4.constantly　考查副词。设空处修饰动词check,应用副词。故填constantly。
5.challenging　考查形容词。空前为The most,设空处修饰名词work,应用形容词。故填challenging。
6.In　考查介词。in view of...意为“考虑到……;鉴于……”,为固定短语。设空处位于句首,首字母应大写。故填In。
7.a　考查冠词。这里的“一根细塑料管”是第一次提到,表泛指,应用不定冠词,且thin的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。
8.be tied　考查动词的语态。分析句子可知,动词tie与主语they之间构成被动关系,应用被动语态,空前为have to。故填be tied。
9.their　考查代词。空后的leisure time是名词词组,设空处应用形容词性物主代词。故填their。
10.taking　考查现在分词。句中已有谓语动词,所以设空处应用非谓语动词;根据语境可知,此处表示的动作与sit和watch同时发生,故此处作伴随状语;所给提示词take与其逻辑主语they之间是主动关系,所以应用现在分词形式。故填taking。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读　 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了旅行者计划利用罕见的行星排列,实施了一次太阳系内多行星接力探索。
1.an　考查冠词。此处泛指“一位工程师”,设空处应用不定冠词,且engineer的发音以元音音素开头。故填an。
2.golden　考查形容词。设空处修饰名词opportunity,应用形容词golden作定语。故填golden。
3.because/when　考查表语从句。句意:那是因为所有的行星差不多会在太阳的一侧排列。/那是所有的行星差不多排列在太阳的一侧的时候。because意为“因为”,when意为“在……时”,均可引导表语从句且符合语境。故填because或when。
4.independently　考查副词。此处修饰are orbiting,应用副词。故填independently。
5.and　考查连词。分析句子结构可知,句中两个sometimes后描述的情况为并列关系,应用并列连词and连接。故填and。
6.when　考查定语从句。设空处无提示词,分析句子结构可知,设空处引导定语从句,且在从句中作时间状语,先行词为this time coming in the late 1970s,应用关系副词when引导。故填when。
7.involving　考查现在分词。分析句子可知,句中已有谓语动词became,设空处应用非谓语形式,作后置定语,involve与被修饰词The fly-by trips之间构成主动关系,所以应用现在分词形式。故填involving。
8.launched　考查过去分词。分析句子结构可知,此处为时间状语从句的省略形式,launch与the Voyager mission之间构成被动关系,所以应用过去分词。故填launched。
归纳拓展　　在表示时间、地点、方式、比较或让步的状语从句中,如果从句的主语和主句主语一致且谓语含有be动词,从句中的主语和be动词可以省略,构成省略结构“从属连词+名词(短语)/形容词/副词/介词短语/不定式/动词-ing形式/动词-ed形式”。
9.to explore　考查动词不定式。分析句子结构可知,空前的spacecrafts被the only修饰,所以设空处应用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to explore。
10.have been following/have followed　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语over the last couple of years可知,谓语动词应用现在完成时,或者强调follow这一动作在这个阶段一直在进行,使用现在完成进行时,主语是we,助动词用have。故填have been following或have followed。
【高频词汇】　1.actually adv.事实上　2.line up排成一行;使站成一队　3.explore v.探索　4.independent adj.独立的,互不相关的;自主的　5.launch v.发射;发起　6.involve v.包含,包括;(使)参与　7.range n.范围
【差距词汇】　conceive v.认为;构思,设想
长难句
原句　So, there was this time coming in the late 1970s when you could launch a spacecraft and it could actually go to Jupiter, then onto Saturn, because they were both on the same side of the sun, and you could even possibly get to Uranus and Neptune and maybe even Pluto.
分析　本句为主从复合句。主句为there be句型,when引导定语从句,修饰先行词this time coming in the late 1970s;在定语从句中,第二个and连接并列分句,because引导原因状语从句。
译文　所以,在20世纪70年代末有这样一段时间,你可以发射一艘宇宙飞船,它实际上可以去木星,然后去土星,因为它们都在太阳的同一侧,你甚至可以去天王星和海王星,也许甚至是冥王星。
Ⅲ.A
◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文,主要讲述了我们在太空中取得的进步给地球带来了难以置信的好处。
1.A　主旨大意题。根据第二段第一句和下文列举的例子可知,本段主要讲述了太空探索带来的好处。故选A。
2.D　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“My company, OneWeb, is focusing on...issues: the need for equal access to the Internet.”可知,OneWeb致力于让人们能够拥有平等使用互联网的机会。故选D。
3.D　细节理解题。根据第四段第三句“Poor communities are the last to get connected, and without connectivity, those communities have no chance to lift themselves from poverty.”可知,贫困社区是最后拥有网络的社区,如果没有网络连接,这些社区就没有机会摆脱贫困。根据第五段第一句可排除A项,根据第三段第三句可排除B项。故选D。
易错归因　　本题易错选C项。由第四段前两句可知,大多数经济上可行的主要城市将是第一批被提供5G服务的地区,由第四段最后一句可知,OneWeb的卫星将覆盖世界上的每一个社区,并使世界上欠发达地区能够平等地接入互联网。“接入互联网”并不等同于“被提供5G服务”,故排除C项。
4.A　推理判断题。根据最后一段第二、三句可知,未来几年,将有数以万计的新卫星、空间站和工厂,为通信、科学研究、地球监测和太空探索等领域带来进步,这是令人兴奋的,但我们必须谨慎地采取行动。由此可推断,接下来可能会讲述进一步探索太空有可能遇到的风险。故选A。
【高频词汇】　1.major adj.重大的,主要的　2.benefit n.利益,好处　3.monitor v.监测　4.focus on集中于,关注
5.access n.使用权;入口,通道　6.poverty n.贫穷
7.approach v.接近
【熟词生义】　bridge v.缩小;弥合(差距)
【差距词汇】　1.light year n.光年　2.microsatellite n.微卫星　3.cable n.电缆
长难句
原句　And there are plenty of worlds to explore over time, but we still need major technological advancements to reach planets that are light years away.
分析　本句为并列复合句。but连接两个并列分句,在后一分句中,that引导定语从句,修饰先行词planets。
译文　随着时间的推移,还有很多世界需要探索,但我们仍然需要重大的技术进步才能到达光年外的行星。
B
◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。很长时间以来,宇航员都被认为是男性的专属职业。随着时代的不断进步,宇航员队伍中出现了越来越多女性的身影,但距离太空中的男女平等,我们还有很长的一段路要走。
5.C　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“But she was old enough to know there was something strange...”可知,Jemison看到电视上阿波罗计划的宇航员都是男性而没有女性时,她觉得很奇怪。由此可推断,她感到诧异。A项“生气的”;B项“兴奋的”;C项“诧异的”;D项“无聊的”。故选C。
6.A　细节理解题。根据第五段可知,因为没有两套适合女性的宇航服,所以本该由Anne McClain和Christina Koch进行的“全女性太空行走”计划被取消了。由此可知,在航天领域荒谬(性别歧视问题)依然存在。故选A。
7.B　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段前两句可知,实际上,测试早就证明在执行太空任务方面,女性的能力一点也不比男性差,但是测试结果很明显并不足以消除世界上长期存在的对女性的偏见。因此,作者提到这个报道是想说明对女性宇航员的歧视和不喜欢依旧存在,故选B。
8.D　推理判断题。文章前六段通过事例和报道说明在航天领域性别歧视问题依然存在,很多人对女性宇航员依旧持不认可和不喜欢的态度;结合最后一段可知,作者希望再有几十年,我们能够看到这个世界在性别平等问题上已经停止荒谬。由此可推断,作者写这篇文章是为了表达对女性宇航员的支持。故选D。
【高频词汇】　1.schedule v.安排,预定　2.previous adj.以前的,先前的　3.eventually adv.最终;终于
4.after all终究;毕竟　5.competent adj.有能力的,能胜任的;合格的　6.apparently adv.显然　7.fight off击退; 抵抗　8.in terms of...在……方面;谈及……;就……而言
【差距词汇】　1.absurd adj.荒谬的;荒唐的→absurdity n.荒谬;荒唐　2.bias n.偏见;偏心
长难句
原句　And on March 29,2019 another history was about to be made when an all-female team—Anne McClain and Christina Koch—was scheduled to make an “all-female spacewalk” since all previous spacewalks were done with at least one male astronaut.
分析　本句为主从复合句。“when an all-female team...make an ‘all-female spacewalk'”是when引导的时间状语从句;since引导原因状语从句。
译文　2019年3月29日,另一段历史即将被创造,由Anne McClain和Christina Koch组成的全部为女性的团队计划进行一次“全女性太空行走”,因为之前所有的太空行走都是在至少有一名男性宇航员的情况下完成的。
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