译林版选择性必修三Unit 2 Part 3 Extended reading, Project, Assessment & Further study分层练习（含解析）

Unit 2　Out of this world
Part 3　Extended reading, Project, Assessment & Further study
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.Storytelling is an ancient art form that has been used to hand down legends, 　　　　(故事) and factual stories.
2.We 　　　　(躲避) under a tree until the shower(阵雨) passed.
3.The o　　　　 of Chinese characters can date back to more than 8,000 years ago.
4.The old man insisted that I had taken his wallet, and I explained to the police I had no 　　　　(动机) for theft.
5.I was very impressed by the doctors and their 　　　　(助理) working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned.
Ⅱ.一词多义
1.There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.词性:　　　　 词义:　　　　
2.It allows the train to maintain a constant speed through the twists and turns of the existing track.词性:　　　　 词义:　　　　
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1.A new survey shows that people's attention wanders 　　　　　(constant).
2.　　　　　(incredible), it was six months before I realized what was going on.
3.On most routes, the 　　　　　(frequent) of departure is very high, so people can buy tickets conveniently.
4.Apart from trade and 　　　　　(invest) cooperation between China and Canada, culture exchanges are also expected to increase.
5.Media　　　　　(cover) of the cycling race in July was impressive.
6.It 　　　　　(calculate) that the world's population may increase slowly in the coming years.
7.To my relief, it was through this run 　　　　　 David became much stronger.
8.　　　　　 worries most people is that these fertilisers may cause pollution.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.人们相信父母重视教育对孩子的个人成长有很大的好处。(It is+过去分词+that...)
　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 parents' attaching importance to education is of great benefit to children's personal growth.
2.正是在这个山谷里,各种各样的蝴蝶自由地飞翔。(强调句型)
　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 all kinds of butterflies were flying freely.(读后续写—环境描写)
3.他很有可能在来年再次创造世界纪录。(一句多译)
①　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 a world record again in the coming year.(简单句)
②　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 he will set a world record again in the coming year.(it作形式主语)
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
　　As we all know,space exploration is 　1　(extreme) difficult and dangerous, can take a very long time and 　2　(cost) a huge amount of money. Why do we continue to explore space, then That's because it is in our nature 　3　(explore). From the very early days of human life on the Earth, our curiosity about 　4　 unknown has kept us 　5　(adventure) into new places. We even desire to explore the furthest frontier of all—space, because we are curious 　6　 what makes the universe exist and wonder whether there is life on other 　7　(planet). By exploring space, we can solve some of the big problems facing mankind, making our lives safer and easier. Although space exploration demands huge 　8　(invest), the space industry can actually bring great economic value. Meanwhile, space exploration can provide a variety of career opportunities for young people. Moreover, the 　9　(amaze) work people do can provide education and inspiration for the next generation, 　10　 may be the biggest reason for humanity to explore space.
1.　　　　　　 2.　　　　　　 3.　　　　　　 4.　　　　　　
5.　　　　　　 6.　　　　　　 7.　　　　　　 8.　　　　　　
9.　　　　　　 10.　　　　　　
Ⅱ.语法填空
　　China, on October 26th,　1　(send) the Shenzhou ⅩⅦ manned spaceship, and the three astronauts aboard will stay in orbit for about six months on 　2　 space station mission.
　　The crew members—Tang Hongbo, Tang Shengjie and Jiang Xinlin—have been scheduled to board the Shenzhou ⅩⅦ spaceship. Tang Hongbo is one of the nation's second-generation astronauts. Through this mission, he will become a record holder among Chinese astronauts, regarding the 　3　(short) interval(间隔) between two spaceflights—just two years and one month after returning from his first space journey.
　　　4　(bring) up in a farming family in China's Gansu Province, Tang Shengjie entered China's Aviation University of Air Force after graduating from high school 　5　 became a fighter pilot. After nearly 13 years of 　6　(serve), he has flown six types of aircraft.
　　Like many of his predecessors, Jiang Xinlin is a pilot-turned-taikonaut, 　7　 was also a ground-force tank driver before reaching beyond the sky. “I am very much looking forward to travelling into space, enjoying the fun in zero gravity and exploring the wonders of the vast universe,” the 35-year-old astronaut said in a pre-flight interview.
　　The Shenzhou ⅩⅦ crew is supposed 　8　(stay) inside the Tiangong space station for around six months. Their 　9　(task) include carrying out scientific experiments and technological demonstrations, conducting spacewalks to install equipment and maintain the massive orbital outpost, checking the 　10　(station) operational performance, obtaining data, and helping to review ground facilities' support capabilities.
1.　　　　　　 2.　　　　　　 3.　　　　　　 4.　　　　　　
5.　　　　　　 6.　　　　　　 7.　　　　　　 8.　　　　　　
9.　　　　　　 10.　　　　　　
Ⅲ.阅读理解
　　When astronauts land on Mars, a couple of decades from now, perhaps, they'll need to find a way to communicate with each other, with equipment on and around the planet, and with mission control back on Earth. Despite living so far from home, they'll no doubt want to connect with loved ones, or stream their favorite shows or music.
　　But setting up a Wi-Fi connection to Earth's Internet won't be a choice. Earth is simply too far away—around 55 million to 400 million kilometers, depending on where the planets are in their orbits. We will need another strategy.
　　Establishing good communication equipment is essential for human missions to Mars. Researchers are testing ways to upgrade existing networks, along with some far out alternatives. For example, NASA's Psyche mission, which lifted off in October with the job of exploring an asteroid(小行星) between Mars and Jupiter, will also test the communication using lasers. Lasers could carry far more data than the radio waves that have been used from the earliest days of space travel.
　　There is no strategy which can get rid of the time lag in communications between Earth and Mars; a message moving at the speed of light takes anywhere between 4 and 24 minutes for a one-way trip. In other words, a quick ping to mission control is out of the question, not to mention a WhatsApp call home.
　　There's also the issue of solar conjunction(合日), says Parfitt, when the sun comes between Earth and Mars. This happens for a couple of weeks every two years or so, cutting off communications between the planets. The last one took place in November.
　　But new approaches could open possibilities that make communications on Mars more like what we experience here on Earth. At least one research team has wondered: What if Mars had its own Internet
1.What discourages Mars from having a net connection to Earth
A.Earth is too far to reach.
B.Earth is hard to identify.
C.The current strategy doesn't work well.
D.Many planets are blocking the signals.
2.What writing skill is used in paragraph 3
A.Raising a question.
B.Giving an example.
C.Listing numbers.
D.Comparing facts.
3.What do we know about the communications between Earth and Mars
A.Lasers carry less data than the radio waves.
B.There is no such thing as the time lag.
C.It takes only four minutes for a single trip.
D.The process could sometimes be cut off.
4.What is going to be talked about in the following paragraph
A.The possible mission of the astronauts on Mars.
B.The communication among the astronauts on Mars.
C.The possibility for Mars to have its own network.
D.The opinions given by experienced astronomers.
Ⅳ.七选五
　　Now, imagine we're deep space explorers and that we've found something out in space that is both extremely heavy and very small. This mysterious object would pull so powerfully that nothing inside could escape to the outside.　1　 Again imagine we stay in our spaceship at a safe distance and make a movie about this black hole. 　2　 We would instead see the black hole eat anything that comes too close. We get lucky: As we watch, the black hole swallows an entire star!
　　Our movie, titled “Black hole eats a star”, gets a million views online.　3　 In the movie played backwards, we'd see a very heavy, very small object just sitting there—and then, all of a sudden, spit out an entire star! The object we're looking at now, which spits everything out and eats nothing, would be called a white hole.
　　Are there white holes We have good evidence from our telescopes that black holes really do exist. 　4　 That astronomers think about white holes is due to Albert Einstein. He came up with an excellent idea about gravity. His theory describes how black holes work, with their huge gravitational pull and also says white holes are possible. So could our universe actually make a white hole 　5　 Probably not. Something can be “possible” as an idea, but extremely unlikely in real life.
　　White holes are unlikely because they are an “in reverse” kind of thing. Time in our universe only flows in one direction: forward. So for now, white holes are just an interesting possibility.
A.This kind of object is a black hole.
B.Is there a white hole in the universe
C.Now picture yourself near a black hole.
D.However, we've never seen a white hole.
E.And could a black hole become a white hole
F.We'd never see anything escape from the black hole.
G.But now imagine what would happen if we played it in reverse.
1.　　　 2.　　　 3.　　　 4.　　　 5.　　　
Ⅴ.读后续写
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Every night as the whole family fell asleep, Catalina would slide from home to the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory(天文台). Papa was the mechanic of the observatory, but during the day Papa would not allow her to get closer to the telescopes there. Only at night, Catalina was allowed in with the permission of the night staff.
Catalina loved helping to service the grand telescopes, the eyes that looked out into the universe. She wanted badly to be an astronomer someday. Adults never took her dream seriously. Even her father laughed, “Maybe you'll be hired to clean the offices.”
One day in the library, Catalina was reading a plant journal when she stopped at the picture of an unusual white flower. “It's called the wild carrot.” A Spanish astronomer, who she saw several times in the observatory, stood behind her. “Pretty, isn't it I've always liked that flower, because it looks like a galaxy.”
“A spiral galaxy(漩涡星系),” she whispered. Blond eyebrows climbed high onto the scientist's forehead. “Indeed. And what is your name, young lady ” he asked.
“I'm Catalina Solis.”
“Eduardo Solis's daughter The mechanic ”
“Yes.” She gave a look at him. “I want to be an astronomer when I grow up.”
He laughed kindly, no longer meeting her eyes, and patted her on the shoulder. “Yes, of course, my dear. Work hard in school, and it could happen.”
One evening, Catalina scanned the top of the observatory as usual. Suddenly she noticed the angle of the one-meter telescope was unusual. The telescope pointed down, lower than she had ever seen it. Catalina learned from her papa how dangerous it would be. If left like it was, the telescope would move past its limit and be damaged. So without hesitation she got inside the observatory.
注意:续写词数应为150个左右。
　　She saw the Spanish astronomer buried in work there.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　The astronomer's words meant a lot to her.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
答案与分层梯度式解析
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.tales　2.sheltered　3.origin　4.motive　5.assistants
Ⅱ.1.形容词;不断的,连续发生的　句意:除了持续的书面交流,还有其他选择,如语音留言或进行群聊。
2.形容词;恒定的,不变的　句意:它可以让列车在通过现有轨道的弯曲处时保持恒定的速度。
Ⅲ.1.constantly　考查副词。设空处修饰谓语动词,应用副词。故填constantly。句意:一项新调查显示,人们总是走神。
2.Incredibly　考查副词。句意:令人难以置信的是,六个月后我才意识到发生了什么。此处应用副词作状语,修饰整个句子。故填Incredibly。
3.frequency　考查名词。根据空前的the和空后的of可知,此处应用名词。故填frequency。句意:在大多数路线上,发车的频率很高,所以人们可以很方便地买到票。
4.investment　考查名词。句意:中国和加拿大之间除了贸易和投资合作外,文化交流也有望增加。此处应用名词修饰cooperation。故填investment。
5.coverage　考查名词。句意:媒体对7月的自行车赛的报道令人印象深刻。设空处作主语,根据句意可知,此处表示“报道”,故填coverage。
6.is calculated　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,此处为“It be+过去分词+that...”句型,意为“据……”;根据that从句中的谓语动词使用一般现在时可知,此处应用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is calculated。句意:据预测,世界人口在未来几年可能缓慢增长。
7.that　考查强调句型。分析句子结构可知,去掉It was和设空处后,剩下的部分仍能构成完整的句子,所以此处是强调句型“It is/was+被强调部分+that...”,强调的是状语“through this run”。故填that。句意:让我欣慰的是,正是通过这次跑步,戴维变得更坚强了。
8.What　考查主语从句。句意:让大多数人担心的是这些肥料可能会造成污染。分析句子可知,is前为主语从句,从句谓语动词worries前面缺少主语,表示“……的事情”。设空处位于句首,首字母应大写。故填What。
Ⅳ.1.It is believed that　2.It was in the valley that
3.①He is likely to set　②It is likely that
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.extremely　考查副词。设空处后为“difficult and dangerous”,设空处修饰形容词,应用副词。故填extremely。
2.costs　考查时态和主谓一致。设空处与is和can take并列,在句中作谓语,应用一般现在时;exploration在此处为不可数名词,谓语动词应用单数形式。故填costs。
3.to explore　考查动词不定式。分析句子结构可知,句中的it是形式主语,应用动词不定式作真正的主语。故填to explore。
4.the　考查冠词。此处构成“the+形容词”,表示一类事物, the unknown意为“未知的地方(或事物)”。故填the。
5.adventuring　考查现在分词。keep sb. doing sth.意为“让某人持续做某事”。故填adventuring。
6.about　考查介词。be curious about...是固定搭配,意为“对……好奇”。故填about。
7.planets　考查名词复数。planet意为“行星”时是可数名词,这里指除了地球之外的其他行星,应用复数形式。故填planets。
8.investment　考查名词。设空处作宾语,根据空前的形容词huge可知,此处应用名词。故填investment。
9.amazing　考查形容词。设空处修饰名词work,应用形容词作定语;且work指物,应用-ing结尾的形容词修饰。故填amazing。
10.which　考查定语从句。设空处无提示词,分析句子结构可知,逗号后部分缺少主语,所以推测设空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰整个主句,所以应用关系代词which引导定语从句。故填which。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读　 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了中国发射神舟十七号载人飞船以及三位航天员的相关情况。
1.sent　考查动词的时态。根据时间状语on October 26th可知,谓语动词应用一般过去时。故填sent。
2.a　考查冠词。此处mission表示“太空飞行任务”,为可数名词,此处表泛指,所以应用不定冠词,space的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。
3.shortest　考查形容词的比较等级。句意:通过这次飞行任务,他将成为中国航天员中两次太空飞行间隔最短的纪录保持者……。句中的“among Chinese astronauts”表示范围,所以此处应用形容词的最高级形式。故填shortest。
4.Brought　考查过去分词。句意:唐胜杰在中国甘肃省的一个农民家庭长大,高中毕业后进入中国空军航空大学,成为一名战斗机飞行员。分析句子结构可知,句中已有谓语动词,设空处应用非谓语形式,bring up与逻辑主语Tang Shengjie之间构成被动关系,所以应用过去分词形式作状语,设空处位于句首,单词首字母大写。故填Brought。
5.and　考查连词。分析句子可知,entered与became是并列的谓语动词,应用连词and连接。故填and。
6.service　考查名词。设空处作介词of的宾语,根据语境可知,应用名词。故填service。
7.who　考查定语从句。设空处无提示词,分析句子结构可知,逗号后部分缺少主语,故推测设空处引导非限制性定语从句且在从句中作主语,先行词为Jiang Xinlin,指人,所以应用关系代词who。
8.to stay　考查动词不定式。固定搭配be supposed to do sth.意为“必须做某事”。故填to stay。
9.tasks　考查名词的数。设空处作主语,根据谓语动词include的数可知,此处主语应用名词复数形式。故填tasks。
10.station's　考查名词所有格。分析句子可知,此处需要限定成分,修饰空后的名词performance,应用名词所有格。故填station's。
【高频词汇】　1.schedule v.安排,预定　2.bring up抚养,养育　3.look forward to期待　4.be supposed to do sth.必须做某事　5.scientific adj.科学的　6.performance n.表现;性能
【差距词汇】　1.predecessor n.前辈;前任
2.demonstration n.示范;演示;证实;论证
长难句
原句　Their tasks include carrying out scientific experiments and technological demonstrations, conducting spacewalks to install equipment and maintain the massive orbital outpost, checking the station's operational performance, obtaining data, and helping to review ground facilities' support capabilities.
分析　本句为简单句。主语为Their tasks,谓语为include,第三个and连接并列的动名词短语作宾语。
译文　他们的任务包括进行科学实验和技术演示,进行太空行走以安装设备和维护庞大的轨道前哨站,检查空间站的运行性能,获取数据,以及帮助检查地面设施的支持能力。
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读　 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了地球和火星之间建立网络连接的可能性,指出了其中存在的挑战和可能的解决方案。
1.A　细节理解题。根据第二段可知,建立一个Wi-Fi连接到地球的互联网不会是一个选择,地球实在是太远了。因此,地球太遥远阻碍了火星与地球的网络连接。故选A。
2.B　推理判断题。根据第三段可知,前两句介绍了建立良好的通信设备对人类火星任务至关重要,研究人员正在测试升级现有网络的方法和一些前沿替代方案;结合“For example”可知,下文举例介绍了美国国家航空航天局的普赛克任务来说明上文。由此可推断,第三段使用的写作技巧是举例子。故选B。
3.D　细节理解题。根据第五段第二句“This happens...cutting off communications between the planets.”可知,地球和火星之间的通信过程有时会被切断。故选D。
4.C　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,新的方法可能会使火星上的通信更像我们在地球上所体验的那样,至少一个研究小组想知道:如果火星有自己的互联网会怎么样 由此可推断,下一段将讨论火星有自己的网络的可能性。故选C。
【高频词汇】　1.equipment n.设备,器材;装备　2.set up安装好,装配好;建立;设置　3.strategy n.策略
4.establish v.设立,建立　5.alternative n.可供选择的事物　6.get rid of摆脱　7.in other words换句话说
8.out of the question不可能的　9.not to mention更不用说　10.approach n.方式;方法
【熟词生义】　stream v.用流式传输,流播
【差距词汇】　1.upgrade v.升级　2.laser n.激光
3.time lag n.时间间隔,时滞
长难句
原句　But new approaches could open possibilities that make communications on Mars more like what we experience here on Earth.
分析　本句为主从复合句。that引导定语从句,修饰先行词possibilities;what引导宾语从句,作介词like的宾语。
译文　但新的方法可能会开启可能性,使火星上的通信更像我们在地球上所体验的那样。
Ⅳ.◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍宇宙中是否存在白洞的问题。
1.A　根据上文可知,这个神秘的物体具有强大的引力,以至于其内部的任何东西都无法逃到外部;结合下文中的this black hole可推知,A项“这种物体就是黑洞”介绍了上文描述的事物的名称。故选A。
2.F　根据下文“We would instead see the black hole eat anything that comes too close.”和“the black hole swallows an entire star”可知,我们会看到黑洞吞噬任何靠得太近的东西,黑洞吞噬了整个恒星。结合选项可知,F项“我们永远不会看到任何东西从黑洞中逃脱”引出下文。选项中的“We'd never see”和下文中的“We would instead see”呼应。故选F。
3.G　根据下文中的“In the movie played backwards”“spit out an entire star”和“spits everything out and eats nothing, would be called a white hole”可知,本段在介绍完全相反的情况,white hole和上文的black hole形成对比,由此可推断,G项“但是现在想象一下,如果我们反过来播放会发生什么”符合语境。故选G。
4.D　根据“Are there white holes ”可知,此处讨论白洞是否存在,由空前句可知,有很好的证据表明黑洞确实存在。由此可推断,D项“然而,我们从没有见过白洞”承接上文,符合语境。故选D。
5.E　空前的“So could our universe actually make a white hole ”是一个问句,空后的“Probably not.”是答句,结合选项可知,E项“黑洞会变成白洞吗 ”符合语境。故选E。
【高频词汇】　1.extremely adv.极其,非常
2.powerfully adv.有力地,强大地　3.escape v.逃出,摆脱　4.swallow v.吞下　5.all of a sudden突然　6.evidence n.证据　7.exist v.存在　8.come up with想出
【熟词生义】　picture v.想象;描绘
【差距词汇】　1.spit v.吐,唾　2.in reverse反向;相反
长难句
原句　Now, imagine we're deep space explorers and that we've found something out in space that is both extremely heavy and very small.
分析　本句为主从复合句。动词imagine后是and连接的两个宾语从句,第二个that引导定语从句,修饰先行词something。
译文　现在,想象一下我们是深空探索者,我们在太空中发现了某个非常重又非常小的东西。
Ⅴ.
写作指导
情节线 情感线
故事要素 Time one day, one evening 渴望 担心 惊讶 激动 下定决心 高兴
Place in the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, in the library
Character Catalina, her papa, a Spanish astronomer
What Catalina went to the observatory every night and she wanted very much to be an astronomer one day, but adults never took her dream seriously. Then Catalina met a Spanish astronomer. The astronomer encouraged her.
情节 Period 1 每天晚上,Catalina在夜班工作人员的允许下才能靠近天文台的望远镜。她喜欢帮助检修望远镜。
Period 2 她梦想成为一名天文学家,却没有得到大人的认真对待,后来她得到一位西班牙天文学家的鼓励。
Period 3 一天晚上,她注意到望远镜的角度有问题。
续写方向 Para. 1 She saw the Spanish astronomer buried in work there. ①她帮助做了什么 ②天文学家对她说了什么
Para. 2 The astronomer's words meant a lot to her. ①天文学家的话对她有何影响 ②大学毕业后她做了什么 她的梦想实现了吗
One possible version:
　　She saw the Spanish astronomer buried in work there. Catalina walked over to him and greeted him with a smile. To her surprise, he handed her a notebook and asked, “Would you like to help me check the telescope ” Overwhelmed by excitement, Catalina nodded and began to assist the astronomer. The night passed quickly as they worked together, analyzing the observations. Catalina couldn't believe that she was working with a real astronomer, contributing to the scientific research she had always dreamed of. Again the astronomer told her,“Work hard in school, and it could happen.”
　　The astronomer's words meant a lot to her. Catalina kept these words in mind and worked diligently every day. She was determined to become an astronomer one day and nothing would stop her. Years passed, and after graduating from college, Catalina applied for a job at the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory. To her delight, she was hired as an assistant astronomer, working alongside the same astronomer who had encouraged her years ago. Her childhood dream had become a reality, and Catalina knew that nothing was impossible as long as she kept chasing her dreams.
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