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姓名 班级 考号
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单元达标检测
Unit 2 Out of this world
全卷满分150分 考试用时120分钟
第一部分 听力(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.Where does the conversation probably take place
A.In a library. B.In a supermarket.
C.In a restaurant.
2.How does the woman sound
A.Amused. B.Annoyed. C.Surprised.
3.What has the man decided to do
A.Change his glasses. B.Undergo eye surgery.
C.Eat something good.
4.What will the man have
A.A blood test. B.A job interview.
C.A physical examination.
5.How will the speakers probably go to Paris
A.By car. B.By train. C.By air.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。
6.What are the speakers mainly talking about
A.An exhibition. B.A glass box.
C.A vase.
7.How does the man find the woman
A.Knowledgeable. B.Considerate.
C.Patient.
听第7段材料,回答第8至10题。
8.Why does the man drink coffee
A.It tastes good. B.It can refresh him.
C.It helps to lose weight.
9.When does the man usually drink coffee
A.At breakfast.
B.4 hours after waking up.
C.2 hours after lunch.
10.To whom is the man probably talking
A.A specialist. B.His co-worker.
C.A cafe assistant.
听第8段材料,回答第11至13题。
11.What does the woman ask the man to do
A.Fix a time.
B.Drop her off on the way.
C.Take her dress to the cleaner's.
12.What day is it today
A.Friday. B.Saturday. C.Sunday.
13.What will the speakers do on Sunday
A.Buy tickets.
B.Watch the football game.
C.Attend the wedding ceremony.
听第9段材料,回答第14至17题。
14.When did the man start to study at home
A.At age four. B.At age eight.
C.At age seven.
15.What does the man think is difficult to do
A.Decide on topics. B.Find material.
C.Write a report.
16.What subject does the man enjoy now
A.History. B.Biology. C.English.
17.What does the man want to be in the future
A.A teacher. B.A film-maker.
C.A tennis player.
听第10段材料,回答第18至20题。
18.What did people change their opinions about
A.Cigarettes. B.Alcohol. C.Eggs.
19.What do we know from the talk
A.Chicken and duck are healthy food.
B.Mothers try to avoid burgers when feeding their children.
C.People should have more cooked products like ham and bacon.
20.What is the latest food to be criticized
A.Fruit. B.Chicken. C.Vegetables.
第二部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Science Events from New Scientist
Space, Time and Motion with Sean Carroll
Online | October 20, 2023 | 18:00-19:00
“Where ”“When ”and“How ”are some of the most fundamental questions we can ask, and knowledge of space, time and motion has been central to the biggest discoveries in physics. Join Sean Carroll, an expert in physics, as he explores deep questions about the nature of space, time and motion, and lays out the framework of classical physics from Galileo and Euclid to Newton and Einstein.
Big Thinkers Series 2023
Online | November 10, 2023
The 2023 Big Thinkers Series from New Scientist events features eight online talks streamed throughout 2023, covering a wide range of topics, all of which will be brought to you by world-class experts. If you are curious about your brain, your body, our planet or the universe, then this series is your place to hear the latest research.
Memory, the Brain and Who We Are
Online | November 15, 2023 | 18:00-19:00
Psychiatrist Veronica O'Keane will draw on examples of the broken memories of psychosis(精神失常) to explain the complex human brain and offer you some expertise(专业知识). How do our brains store and then conjure up(使浮现于脑海) past experiences to make us who we are Are there such things as “true” and “false” memories These examples will offer a new way of thinking about our own personal experiences.
Instant Expert: Understanding Your Brain
The British Library, London | November 19, 2023
At this event, six experts will guide you on a tour of the most attractive object in the known universe. On the way you'll learn how our brains learn languages, how they store memories and why they need to sleep. Hosted by a New Scientist journalist, our one-day masterclass offers the chance to learn all about the brain directly from the experts.
21.Which event focuses on discoveries in physics
A.Big Thinkers Series 2023.
B.Memory, the Brain and Who We Are.
C.Instant Expert: Understanding Your Brain.
D.Space, Time and Motion with Sean Carroll.
22.When can you attend lectures given by first-rate experts
A.On October 20, 2023.
B.On November 19, 2023.
C.On November 10, 2023.
D.On November 15, 2023.
23.What do the four events have in common
A.They are held online.
B.They offer expert guidance.
C.They mainly focus on memory.
D.They each last for one hour.
B
Katherine Johnson whose life was described in the movie Hidden Figures died on February 24, 2020, aged 101. The 2016 movie describes a real story of a female African-American mathematician who joined the National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA) and led a mission to put a man on the moon in the 1950s when racial discrimination was widespread.
“NASA is deeply saddened by the loss of a leader from our pioneering days,” said NASA administrator Jim Bridenstine on the webpage of NASA. Ms. Johnson helped the nation enlarge the frontiers(边界) of space and she also played an important role in opening doors for women and people of color to explore space. “At NASA we will never forget her courage, leadership and the achievements we could not have reached without her.”
Johnson was born in West Virginia in 1918. She graduated from West Virginia State University as a mathematics major and became a teacher at a public school. She was also the first African-American woman to attend graduate school in mathematics at West Virginia State University. But less than one year later, she left school to focus on raising children.
Her life changed in 1952 after a long career break. A relative told her about open positions at the all-black West Area Computing Unit at the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics's Langley Memorial Aeronautical Laboratory, and she began to work here the next year. NASA depended on humans for complicated aerospace(航空航天) calculation as there was no high-functioning electronic computer. Female mathematicians usually took the job as their salary was lower. Johnson was one of those African-American human computers.
Johnson was initially in charge of aerospace analysis and assigned a space development mission launched in 1958. Then she worked for the 1961 suborbital(亚轨道的) flight of astronaut Alan Shepard and the 1962 orbital flight of John Glenn. Johnson continued to participate in missions after she retired in 1986. Her hidden achievements were finally publicized when former U.S. President Barack Obama granted her the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2015 and her dramatic life was made into a movie.
24.What did Bridenstine's words in the second paragraph mainly want to tell us
A.All Americans' regret at Johnson's death.
B.Johnson's contributions to space exploration.
C.NASA's achievements in space exploration.
D.NASA's appreciation for Johnson's leadership.
25.What can be inferred from the passage
A.Johnson used to work in a private school.
B.Johnson starred in the movie Hidden Figures.
C.Johnson was the first woman to attend graduate school.
D.Johnson worked in the aerospace industry for 33 years.
26.Why did NASA depend on humans for complex aerospace calculation
A.It was cheaper to hire humans.
B.It couldn't afford to buy electronic computers.
C.The computers at that time weren't advanced enough.
D.In terms of calculation, humans were more accurate than computers.
27.What is the author's intention of writing this passage
A.To promote Hidden Figures.
B.To highlight the greatness of women.
C.To tell readers about Johnson's lifetime achievements.
D.To honor the great mathematician, Katherine Johnson.
C
Space weather forecasters have issued a geomagnetic storm watch through Monday, saying an outburst of plasma from a solar flare could interfere with radio transmission on Earth. It could also make for great aurora viewing.
There's no reason for the public to be concerned, according to the alert issued on Saturday by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's(NOAA) Space Weather Prediction Center in Boulder, Colorado.
The storm could interrupt high-frequency radio transmission, such as radio transmission produced by aircraft trying to communicate with distant traffic control towers. Most commercial aircraft can use satellite transmission as backup, said Jonathan Lash, a forecaster at the center.
Satellite operators might have trouble tracking their spacecraft, and power grid enterprise could also see some “induced current” in their lines, though nothing they can't handle, he said. “For the general public, if you have clear skies at night and you are at higher latitudes, this would be a great opportunity to see the skies light up,” Lash said.
Every 11 years, the sun's magnetic field flips, meaning its north and south poles switch positions. Solar activity changes during that cycle, and it's now near its most active phase, called the solar maximum. During such times, geomagnetic storms of the type that arrived on Sunday can hit Earth a few times a year, Lash said. During the solar minimum, a few years may pass between storms. In December, the biggest solar flare in years disrupted radio communications.
28.What is the main topic of the passage
A.The effects of solar flares on Earth.
B.The causes of geomagnetic storms.
C.The work of the Space Weather Prediction Center.
D.The beauty of aurora displays.
29.According to the alert issued by NOAA, what is the public advised to do
A.Avoid using high-frequency radios.
B.Prepare for possible power outages.
C.Enjoy the aurora if conditions are right.
D.Stay indoors during geomagnetic storms.
30.Why are commercial aircraft not likely to be affected by geomagnetic storms
A.They use satellite transmission as backup.
B.They communicate with nearby traffic control towers.
C.They are equipped with special radios for such events.
D.They avoid flying during periods of high solar activity.
31.How often can geomagnetic storms of the type mentioned in the passage occur during the solar maximum
A.Every few weeks.
B.Once or twice a year.
C.Once every 11 years.
D.Only during the solar minimum.
D
If you live on this planet, there's a decent chance that you've seen the classic Star Trek episode, in which Captain Kirk and several members find themselves in what appears to be another universe.
These days, it seems that the idea of the multiverse—many worlds—is having its Hollywood moment. Its appeal as a storytelling device is obvious—characters explore a multi-world with varying degrees of similarity to our own, as well as different versions of themselves. Hence, it has been fully established in mainstream pop culture.
While Hollywood can't get enough of the multiverse, it remains deeply controversial(有争议的) among scientists. Advocates on the two sides show no mercy toward each other in their books, on their blogs. But physicists didn't pull the idea out of thin air—rather, several distinct lines of reasoning seem to point to the existence of the multiverse. However, critics warn that making the multiverse legal could make it harder for the public to distinguish speculative(推测性的) theories from established facts, making it more difficult to keep pseudo-science(伪科学) at bay. Giving credit to such speculation risks “turning fundamental physics into pseudo-science”.
The multiverse controversy is rooted in the idea of the test ability. If we can't interact with these other universes, or detect them in any way, some experts insist that they should be reduced to mere philosophical speculation. But Carroll, an advocate for “many worlds”, argues that mathematics is the language describing our physical theories. Since the Schr dinger equation(方程), on which quantum mechanics(量子力学) rests, predicts the existence of many worlds, so be it.
Could a more expansive view of the universe itself be the next breakthrough As Siegfried puts it, “Every time in the past that we've thought, ‘We've got it; this is what the whole universe is'—the people who've said, ‘Maybe there's more than one of those' have always turned out to be right.”
32.Why is Hollywood so occupied with the multiverse
A.It makes for engaging plots.
B.It is a much-talked-about topic.
C.It is helpful to popularize science.
D.It dominates mainstream pop culture.
33.What do the underlined words in paragraph 3 probably mean
A.Out of date.
B.Out of place.
C.Out of nowhere.
D.Out of question.
34.According to the opponents, what is the basic standard of fundamental physics
A.It can be detected somehow.
B.It can be reasoned logically.
C.It can be interpreted philosophically.
D.It can be predicted by mathematics equations.
35.What can be the author's attitude toward the multiverse
A.Doubtful. B.Dismissive. C.Unclear. D.Approving.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Going to outer space is a little like going camping. Food with all the water removed is lightweight and doesn't spoil(变质). So, many space foods are dried on Earth and stored in special packets. 36 On Earth, gravity is the force that keeps your feet on the ground and your sandwich on your plate. 37 To keep food from floating(浮动) away, astronauts on the space shuttle attach the packets to a special tray(托盘). The tray can be fixed to a wall or to the astronaut's lap. To prepare their food, astronauts use liquid forms of salt and pepper. The liquid sticks to the food better. Regular salt and pepper would float away, maybe up an astronaut's nose.
38 So astronauts drink everything from a small bag with a straw(吸管) that can be closed. Astronauts say that most space foods taste pretty good.
Some, such as apples and pudding, are the same as the foods you eat on Earth. Astronauts eat tortillas instead of bread because they make fewer crumbs(碎屑). 39 Your body uses food in space the same way it does on Earth. Your body must deal with waste in space too.
During take-off and landing, astronauts can't leave their seats to go to the bathroom. They wear diapers(尿布) under their spacesuits instead. The space shuttle has a bathroom the size of a small closet. The toilet has bars that keep astronauts from floating away. 40
A.But there's no gravity in space.
B.In outer space, everything seems to be different.
C.The liquid floats right out of cups and glasses, though.
D.Rubbish from daily life cannot be thrown everywhere.
E.Some, such as dried pears, taste good right out of the packet.
F.Floating crumbs could get stuck in equipment or an astronaut's eye.
G.A strong flow of air is used instead of water to flush waste down the toilet.
36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
第三部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Careers in science are generally believed to be too complex for students who aren't talented or clever enough, but Scott Kelly, commander of the International Space Station, would prove it's 41 .
As a kid, he was abstracted and uninterested in science and all other 42 as well. He couldn't 43 what the teachers were saying, spending most of his time in school daydreaming. Therefore, he earned terrible grades and barely graduated from high school, and he even thought he would never 44 his dreams.
That all 45 when he picked up and read The Right Stuff, Tom Wolfe's classic account of the pioneering Americans who first explored space. 46 at last, he was determined to be an astronaut, which meant doing well in science classes. So that day, he 47 his mind to do well in it.
After so many years of daydreaming, it wouldn't be 48 . But he started thinking about it like a game. The more he 49 his study skills, the more he gained and the better he got. 50 , it became a 51 with himself to see how good he could get. No one was more surprised than him when a 52 daydreamer started getting straight A's in science, which is essential to be an astronaut.
So we need to stop 53 the statement that science is just too hard. If you're a student who has been told “you are not a scientist” or “your brain doesn't think that way”, just 54 the comments! Everyone who wants to learn this subject can do it—they just need to be 55 to make the effort.
41.A.unusual B.abnormal C.wrong D.illegal
42.A.schedules B.goals C.subjects D.students
43.A.work on B.set about C.think about D.focus on
44.A.reach B.acknowledge
C.fulfill D.observe
45.A.finished B.realized C.happened D.changed
46.A.Inspired B.Disappointed
C.Satisfied D.Shocked
47.A.gave up B.made up C.formed into D.got into
48.A.possible B.difficult C.easy D.wonderful
49.A.planned B.practiced C.arranged D.exchanged
50.A.Particularly B.Surprisingly
C.Fortunately D.Eventually
51.A.principle B.deal C.competition D.compromise
52.A.real B.former C.formal D.last
53.A.commenting B.breaking
C.furthering D.making
54.A.apply B.ignore C.return D.handle
55.A.forced B.expected C.equal D.willing
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The astronauts aboard China's Tiangong space station have given a live science lecture to Chinese students on Earth. They showed 56 they worked and lived in the station. The lecture was interactive as the students on the ground were able to communicate 57 them in real time.
The space environment has many special 58 (condition) that are not available on the ground, and there are many scientific experiments that can only be done there. Although the experiments 59 (explain) by the astronauts are not unusual, they can help motivate young people to have enthusiasm(热情) for science.
With the 60 (construct) of the Tiangong space station, Chinese astronauts are able to stay in the station for a long time 61 give lectures from space. Tiangong can become a long-term classroom in space, 62 (open) the door of knowledge to people at home and abroad.
In 2013, the astronauts of the Shenzhou-10 manned spaceship 63 (give) the first lecture from space to Chinese students. Now the signal is 64 (clear) and more stable thanks to the advancements in Chinese telecommunications technology.
It's predictable that more space lectures of various forms 65 (deliver) from the Chinese space station in the future. It's hoped that more astronauts, scientists and engineers will emerge (出现) from the students watching the lectures to carry on the exploration of the unknown.
56. 57. 58. 59. 60.
61. 62. 63. 64. 65.
第四部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
中国首个火星探测器(Mars probe)“天问一号”(Tianwen-1)于2020年7月23日成功发射;2021年5月15日,“天问一号”抵达火星。请你以“China launched the first Mars probe”为题给校英文报写一篇英文报道,内容包括:
1.“天问一号”的成功发射;
2.你的感想。
注意:
1.词数80个左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
A little boy and his grandmother came to see Santa at the Mayfair Mall in Wisconsin. The child climbed up on Santa Claus's lap holding a picture of a little girl.
“Who is this ” asked Santa, smiling. “Your friend Your sister ”
“Yes, Santa,” he replied, “this is my sister, Sarah, who is very sick.”
Santa glanced at the grandmother who was waiting nearby and saw her wiping her eyes with a tissue.
“She wanted to come with me to see you very much, Santa!” the child shouted.
“She misses you,” he added softly.
Santa tried to cheer the boy up, asking him what he wanted Santa to bring him for Christmas.
When they finished their talk, the grandmother came over to help the child get off Santa Claus's lap, and wanted to say something to Santa, but halted(停下).
“What is it ” Santa asked warmly.
“Well, I know it's really too much to ask you, Santa, but...the girl in the photograph is my granddaughter. You see...she has leukemia(白血病) and isn't expected to even make it through the holiday,” she said with tear-filled eyes. “Is there any way, Santa, any possible way that you could come to see Sarah ”
All she had asked for, for Christmas, was to see Santa.
Santa blinked, swallowed hard and told the woman to leave information with his elves(小精灵) as to where Sarah was, saying he would see what he could do. Santa thought of nothing else for the rest of that afternoon. “What if it were my child lying in that hospital bed, dying ” he thought with a sinking heart.
注意:续写词数应为150个左右。
Santa knew what he had to do.
One year later at the Mayfair Mall, a little girl came up to sit on Santa's lap and said, “Hi, Santa! Remember me ”
答案全解全析
1.C 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.A 6.C 7.A 8.B
9.A 10.B 11.C 12.A 13.C 14.B 15.C 16.B
17.B 18.C 19.A 20.A 21.D 22.C 23.B 24.B
25.D 26.C 27.D 28.A 29.C 30.A 31.B 32.A
33.C 34.A 35.D 36.E 37.A 38.C 39.F 40.G
41.C 42.C 43.D 44.C 45.D 46.A 47.B 48.C
49.B 50.D 51.C 52.B 53.C 54.B 55.D
56.how 57.with 58.conditions 59.explained 60.construction 61.and 62.opening 63.gave 64.clearer 65.will be delivered
第二部分 阅读
第一节
A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇应用文,主要介绍了四个科学活动。
21.D 细节理解题。根据Space, Time and Motion with Sean Carroll部分中的“...the biggest discoveries in physics”可知,这个活动的重点是物理学上的发现。故选D。
22.C 细节理解题。根据Big Thinkers Series 2023部分中的“by world-class experts”可知,你能在2023年11月10日参加世界一流的专家的讲座。故选C。
23.B 细节理解题。根据第一部分中的“Join Sean Carroll, an expert in physics”、第二部分中的“all of which will be brought to you by world-class experts”、第三部分中的“Psychiatrist...offer you some expertise”和最后一部分中的“At this event, six experts will guide you...”可知,这四个活动的共同之处是都提供专家指导。故选B。
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了美国太空探索的幕后功臣凯瑟琳·约翰逊对美国太空探索的贡献以及她的传奇经历。
24.B 推理判断题。根据第二段Bridenstine的话可知,凯瑟琳·约翰逊帮助美国扩大了太空领域的边界,她在为女性和有色人种探索太空打开大门方面起到了重要的作用,在美国国家航空航天局,人们永远不会忘记她的勇气和领导能力,还有那些没有她美国国家航空航天局就不会取得的成就。所以Bridenstine的话主要想告诉我们凯瑟琳·约翰逊在太空探索方面做出的巨大贡献。故选B。A、C项属于偷换概念,D项内容范围偏小,不能概括话的所有内容。
25.D 推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“Her life changed in 1952 after a long career break.”和下文“she began to work here the next year”以及最后一段中的“Johnson continued to participate in missions after she retired in 1986.”可知,她1953年开始从事航天工作,1986年退休,工作了33年。故选D。
26.C 细节理解题。根据第四段第三句中的“as there was no high-functioning electronic computer”可知,美国国家航空航天局依靠人来做复杂的航空数学计算主要是因为那时候的计算机还不够先进。故选C。
27.D 推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知,凯瑟琳·约翰逊在2020年2月24日去世,享年101岁,《隐藏人物》这部电影讲述了她的人生,她加入了美国国家航空航天局,并在20世纪50年代种族歧视很普遍的情况下领导了把人类送上月球的任务。文章主要介绍了凯瑟琳·约翰逊的生平和她所做出的贡献。由此可推测,作者想通过这篇文章缅怀凯瑟琳·约翰逊。故选D。
C
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了太阳耀斑对地球的影响。
28.A 主旨大意题。根据第一段可知,空间气象预报员发布了一份持续到星期一的地磁风暴监测报告,称太阳耀斑产生的等离子体爆发可能会干扰地球上的无线电传输。结合下文的具体介绍可知,文章的主题是太阳耀斑对地球的影响。故选A。
29.C 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知,它也可以形成很棒的极光;根据第四段最后一句中的“For the general public, if you have clear skies at night and you are at higher latitudes, this would be a great opportunity to see the skies light up”可知,对于普通公众来说,如果晚上天空晴朗,而且你在高纬度地区,这将是一个看到天空变亮的好机会。由此可知,建议公众如果条件合适,可以欣赏极光。故选C。
30.A 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知,该中心的预报员Jonathan Lash说,大多数商用飞机可以使用卫星传输作为备用。由此可知,商用飞机不太可能受到地磁风暴的影响的原因是商用飞机使用卫星传输作为备用。故选A。
31.B 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“During such times...hit Earth a few times a year”可知,地磁风暴在太阳活动极大期发生的频率可能是一年一次到两次。故选B。
D
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述虽然近来好莱坞似乎对多元宇宙欲罢不能,但它在科学家中仍然存在争议。
32.A 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知,多元宇宙作为一种讲故事的手段,非常具有吸引力——人物探索了一个与我们的世界有不同程度相似的多重世界,同时他们自己也有不同的版本。由此可知,多元宇宙可构成引人入胜的情节。故选A。
33.C 词义猜测题。根据第三段第三句中的“rather, several distinct lines of reasoning seem to point to the existence of the multiverse”可推断,物理学家们并不是凭空得出了这个想法。out of thin air意为“凭空,无中生有地”,和out of nowhere(突然出现)意思相近。故选C。
34.A 推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句可知,批评者认为让多元宇宙合法化可能会使公众难以区分推测性理论和既定事实,相信这种推测有可能导致基础物理学变成伪科学。由此可推断,基础物理学是以既定事实为基础的,可以通过某种方式发现。故选A。
35.D 推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句和最后一段可知,作者认为既然有理论预测了多重世界的存在,那就顺其自然吧,那些说“也许不止一个”的人总是被证明是对的。由此推断,作者对多元宇宙的概念持支持态度。故选D。
第二节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了宇航员在太空中吃东西、喝水和上卫生间等日常生活的情况。
36.E 上文“So, many space foods are dried on Earth and stored in special packets.”提到许多太空食物在地球上脱水后储存在特殊的包装袋中,结合选项可知,E项中的dried、packet与上文中的dried、packets相呼应,E项承接上文,符合语境。故选E。
37.A 根据上文“On Earth, gravity is the force that keeps your feet on the ground and your sandwich on your plate.”可知,地球引力让食物待在盘子里;根据下文“To keep food from floating away, astronauts on the space shuttle attach the packets to a special tray.”可知,太空中要用特殊的托盘来防止食物飘走。A项承上启下,与上文构成转折关系,且说明下文为什么要用特殊的托盘来防止食物飘走,符合语境。故选A。
38.C 根据下文中的So可知上下文之间是因果关系,C项是下文宇航员喝所有东西都用一个里面有一根可以关闭的吸管的小袋子的原因,符合语境。故选C。
39.F 根据上文“Astronauts eat tortillas instead of bread because they make fewer crumbs.”可知,宇航员吃玉米粉圆饼而不吃面包,因为玉米粉圆饼产生的碎屑更少。F项是对上文中宇航员不吃面包的进一步解释,符合语境,其中的crumbs是复现词。故选F。
40.G 上文“The toilet has bars that keep astronauts from floating away.”讲的是卫生间里的设施,所以G项承接上文,符合语境,toilet是复现词。故选G。
第三部分 语言运用
第一节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Scott Kelly受到启发,通过努力变成一名宇航员的故事。
41.C 下文Scott Kelly从差生变成宇航员的故事证明了“对于那些没有天赋或不够聪明的学生来说,科学有关的职业太复杂了”这个说法是错误的。故选C。
42.C 根据下文“spending most of his time in school daydreaming”可知,Kelly很爱出神,对科学和所有其他学科都不感兴趣。故选C。
43.D 根据下文“spending most of his time in school daydreaming”可知,Kelly在学校的大部分时间在做白日梦,无法集中注意力听老师讲课。故选D。
44.C 由上文可知,Kelly的成绩很差,勉强从高中毕业,所以此处表示他甚至认为他永远不会实现他的梦想。故选C。
45.D 根据下文“he was determined to be an astronaut”可知,读The Right Stuff这本书改变了Kelly。故选D。
46.A 根据Kelly的变化可推知,他受到了这本书的启发,决心成为一名宇航员。故选A。
47.B 根据上文“he was determined”可知,他下定决心要把它做好。make up one's mind表示“某人下定决心”。故选B。
48.C 根据上文“After so many years of daydreaming”可知,Kelly做了很多年的白日梦,要成为宇航员并不容易。故选C。
49.B 根据下文“his study skills, the more he gained and the better he got”可知,此处指他越练习他的学习技巧,他获得的越多,他变得越好。故选B。
50.D 根据下文“to see how good he could get”可知,学习最后变成了他与自己的一场比赛。故选D。
51.C 根据下文“with himself to see how good he could get”可知,这变成了一场与他自己的竞争,看他能做得多好。故选C。
52.B 此处呼应上文“After so many years of daydreaming”,指Kelly以前是空想家。故选B。
53.C 根据下文“the statement that science is just too hard”可知,Kelly的经历告诉我们,我们不应该再助长科学太难的说法了。故选C。
54.B Kelly的经历告诉我们,没有足够天赋的学生也可以实现梦想,所以要忽视这些负面的评价。故选B。
55.D 根据上文“So that day, he made up his mind to do well in it.”和“Everyone who wants to”可知,每个想要学习这个科目的人都可以学——他们只需要愿意付出努力。故选D。
第二节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了中国天宫空间站中的航天员向地面上的中国学生进行了现场科学授课。
56.how 考查宾语从句。句意:他们展示了他们如何在空间站工作和生活。how意为“如何”,引导宾语从句,在从句中作方式状语。故填how。
57.with 考查介词。固定搭配communicate with sb.意为“与某人交流”。故填with。
58.conditions 考查名词的数。many后接可数名词的复数形式,condition表示“(影响某事发生的)物质环境,状态,条件”时为可数名词,故填conditions。
59.explained 考查过去分词。分析句子结构可知,Although引导让步状语从句,从句中已有谓语动词,所以设空处应用非谓语形式,explain与被修饰词the experiments之间构成被动关系,所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填explained。
60.construction 考查名词。句意:随着天宫空间站的建设,中国航天员可以在空间站长期停留并从太空进行授课。根据定冠词the及空后的of可知,此处需填名词,construction(建设)为不可数名词。故填construction。
61.and 考查连词。句意见上一题。分析句子可知,“stay in the station for a long time”和“give lectures from space”为并列成分,二者之间缺少连词。故填and。
62.opening 考查现在分词。此处作状语,表示自然而然的结果,应用现在分词。故填opening。
63.gave 考查动词的时态。根据时间状语In 2013可知,谓语动词应用一般过去时。故填gave。
64.clearer 考查形容词的比较级。根据more stable和语境可知,连词and连接并列的比较级作表语。故填clearer。
65.will be delivered 考查动词的时态和语态。根据时间状语in the future可知,谓语动词应用一般将来时,且more space lectures与deliver之间为被动关系。故填will be delivered。
第四部分 写作
第一节
One possible version:
China launched the first Mars probe
Hearing that the first Chinese Mars probe Tianwen-1 was launched on July 23rd, 2020 and landed on Mars on May 15th, 2021, I am honored to be here to express my congratulations.
Without doubt, had it not been for the hard work, we Chinese couldn't have gained such a great achievement. As a student of my generation, I firmly believe it is an era full of challenges and opportunities, and that in this era, we can achieve whatever we fight for if we spare no effort to achieve the goal. At the same time, the more we know about our country, the deeper love we will have for her. Wish China, my motherland, all the best.
第二节
One possible version:
Santa knew what he had to do. He drove to the hospital and found out which room Sarah was in. Taking a deep breath, and forcing a smile on his face, he entered the ward. “Santa Claus! Santa Claus!” screamed Sarah. Santa rushed to give her a warm hug and a gift. “Now, Sarah,” Santa said, “you have a job to do, and that is to get well. I expect to see you at the Mayfair Mall this time next year!” “Yes, Santa!” Sarah shouted, her eyes bright. Santa kissed her on the forehead and left.
One year later at the Mayfair Mall, a little girl came up to sit on Santa's lap and said, “Hi, Santa! Remember me ” “Of course!” Santa answered as he always did, smiling at her. “You came to see me in the hospital last year!” Santa's jaw dropped. Tears immediately rolled down his cheeks. “Sarah!” he shouted and hugged her tightly. He hardly recognized her, for her hair was long and her cheeks were rosy, which made her quite different from the girl he had visited a year before. He looked up and saw Sarah's grandmother smiling and wiping her eyes. That was the best ever Christmas for Santa Claus.
