译林版选择性必修三Unit 3 Part 1 Welcome to the unit & Reading分层练习（含解析）

Unit 3　Back to the past
Part 1　Welcome to the unit & Reading
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.Shortly after the bus 　　　　(出发) from the station, the conductor came to collect fares.
2.The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the severest water　　　　(短缺).
3.Jane 　　　　(承认) her mistake and made an apology to her parents immediately.
4.However, we did not mark the 　　　　(路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.There have been many 　　　　　(influence) explorers throughout history.
2.His father frequently amused the boy with a tablet computer which was loaded 　　　　　 colorful pictures that come alive when you poke them.
3.Accused of having links with the crime, the mayor was dismissed 　　　　　 office.
4.His teachings shaped the moral and ethical foundation of Chinese culture, fostering the pursuit of the social order, 　　　　　(harmony)relationships, and knowledge.
5.The activity will draw you closer together, and it will　　　　　(strength) the bond of your relationship.
6.Her mother 　　　　　(panic) and called the coastguard of Cornwall, who turned up in seconds.
7.As we grow up, we get to know many things which we would be astonished 　　　　　(see) as kids.
8.My sister and brother tried to convince me 　　　　　(go) on a trip to Shanghai with them.
9.Educators insist that the school 　　　　　(have) each student's academic performance evaluated.
10.The result is 　　　　　 many communities, especially in farming regions, see solar farms as destroyers of the soil.
Ⅲ.选词填空
allow for, have an impact on, regardless of
　　In China, food deliverymen are always in a rush through the traffic 1.　　　　　　 wind or rain. Their work 2.　　　　　　 our life, saving us a lot of time. On food delivery service platforms, the time limit is calculated by an algorithm(算法). But it can't 3.　　　　　　 all real-life situations, such as driving conditions, which causes a heated discussion.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.我很荣幸能在这里代表我们学校发表演讲。
I am so honored to be here to give a speech 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　.
2.他们开派对的吵闹声让我很长时间没睡着。(keep+宾语+宾语补足语)
The noise from their party 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 for a long time.
3.The teacher smiled at him warmly, and he eventually calmed down.(句型转换:with的复合结构)
→　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　, he eventually calmed down.(读后续写—情绪描写)
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
　　In the summer of 1405, Zheng He, one of China's greatest 　1　(explore), set out on his first voyage. From 1405 to 1433, Zheng He represented the Ming Dynasty and made seven voyages. His fleet, 　2　(load) with china, silk, tea and other treasures as gifts for foreign rulers, visited more than 30 countries and regions. Zheng He's seven voyages had 　3　 far-reaching impact on China and its neighbours. His efforts contributed to the development and 　4　(strengthen) harmonious relations with the countries and regions where he set foot, 　5　(expose) foreign people to Chinese culture, and giving Chinese people a better understanding of overseas lands. Zheng He's achievements are now 　6　(wide) acknowledged and he is considered 　7　(be) one of China's most influential explorers.
　　Columbus insisted 　8　 finding a direct sea route to the East Indies by sailing across the Atlantic Ocean. Despite all the challenges, Columbus succeeded in keeping everyone on board out of danger with his knowledge and courage. Finally, the crew spotted land in the 　9　(distant). His voyages marked the beginning of the Age of Exploration 　10　 witnessed many important geographical discoveries. The period also promoted an international exchange of ideas and cultures.
1.　　　　　　 2.　　　　　　 3.　　　　　　 4.　　　　　　
5.　　　　　　 6.　　　　　　 7.　　　　　　 8.　　　　　　
9.　　　　　　 10.　　　　　　
Ⅱ.语法填空
　　An expedition to the South Pole with the great Sir Ernest Shackleton—this is the adventure that I have been dreaming 　1　. However, when I applied to join the expedition,Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young and wasn't 　2　(qualify), so I secretly went aboard his ship, Endurance. Later I 　3　(discover) and Shackleton had to assign me to be 　4　 steward. The journey wasn't very easy, for Endurance was stuck in the ice as we approached Antarctica. And when the ship sank, our hearts sank with it. Before we abandoned the ship, Shackleton　5　 (calm) told us to rescue our most essential supplies and he 　6　(he) threw away all his gold. He allowed Hussey to keep his banjo, 　7　 made us astonished. We had been struggling for days, but things were going from bad to worse. Soon after we arrived on Elephant Island,Shackleton left us 　8　(find) help. Sometimes we were able to catch a seal or a penguin to eat. I tried to think of 　9　(happy)things. I was grateful for Frank and Ernest's genuine concern for others; their 　10　(persevere) and their resolve filled me with hope.
1.　　　　　　 2.　　　　　　 3.　　　　　　 4.　　　　　　
5.　　　　　　 6.　　　　　　 7.　　　　　　 8.　　　　　　
9.　　　　　　 10.　　　　　　
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
　　Finally, in March of 1703, Adventure set sail for India. The winds were good until we got near Madagascar, an island off the east coast of Africa. Then a violent wind began to blow. We were trapped in the wind for twenty days. Finally, the wind stopped and the sea became quieter. The storm had blown Adventure hundreds of kilometers to the east.
　　“Where are we ” I asked the captain.
　　“I can't tell for sure,” he said. “We are running out of water. We must reach the land soon to fill our water barrels(桶).” Many days passed and we saw nothing but the sea. One morning, before everyone died of thirst, a sailor cried out, “Land!” Everyone on the ship was silent for a second. And quickly the ship sailed closer to the land. The sailors suddenly became tumultuous and all cheered.
　　“You men,” said the captain to the sailors, “take the rowboats and go. Fill the water barrels with fresh water.”
　　“Captain,” I said,“may I go with them to take a look at this place ”
　　“Of course,” he replied. “You can tell me later what it is like.”
　　When the rowboats reached the coast, one of the sailors said, “We will have to walk along the coast to look for fresh water.”
　　“I'm going to take a little walk,” I told them. “I will meet you back here in an hour.”
　　I walked about a kilometer, enjoying being on land again. Then I turned and walked back to meet the sailors.
　　When I arrived on the shore, the sailors were not there. They were in the rowboats, rowing as fast as they could toward Adventure. I was about to shout out to them when I saw a very huge man walking through the sea. I was trying to catch up with the rowboats. The sailors were almost at the ship, and I could see that the huge man would not be able to catch them. Instead, it was coming towards me. Great panic went through my mind.
1.What happened when they got near the east coast of Africa
A.They decided to set sail for India.
B.The captain lost his sense of direction.
C.A storm came and blew the ship heavily.
D.The captain couldn't tell where they were.
2.What does the underlined word “tumultuous” most probably mean
A.Sad.　　　B.Excited.
C.Bored.　　　D.Relaxed.
3.Why did the writer get off the ship after reaching the land
A.Because he planned to help get fresh water for everyone.
B.Because he got tired of travelling and decided to live on land.
C.Because he wanted to take a walk and look around.
D.Because he was looking for the huge man on land.
4.What would most probably happen next
A.The writer tried to run away as fast as possible.
B.The writer saw the sailors were caught by the huge man.
C.The sailors failed to get on the ship because it was too far away.
D.The huge man caught the captain and controlled the ship.
B
　　These days Fred's huge skeleton(骨架) is exhibited in the Indiana State Museum. His tusks(长牙) were recently the subject of a research study tracing the life 13,000 years ago of mastodons, distant relatives of modern elephants.
　　By analyzing the chemical compounds(化合物) in Fred's tusks, a team of researchers could construct a detailed account of his seasonal migration patterns. Joshua Miller, a paleoecologist(古生态学家) at the University of Cincinnati, is one of the researchers studying Fred. “He has beautifully preserved bones and tusks, which provides a great opportunity for our research on his seasonal migration patterns,” Miller said.
　　Mastodons' tusks generally grow in distinct layers, similar to the tree rings. As a result, the nutrients that build the layers of their tusks can tell us a lot about what they experienced. The team particularly focused their analysis on the variations in two elements in the layers: strontium(锶) and oxygen. The former is the key to understanding where Fred spent his life, while the latter tells us the season when he was in any particular region. Then, with some statistical modeling, Miller and his team gained insight into the daily record of Fred's behavior over ten thousand years ago.
　　The result indicated that Fred would have grown a lot when he was young. But there was a year when his growth was reduced. “Probably like the modern male elephant, a male mastodon is just really obnoxious when growing up to be a bother and often arouses family members' anger. At that point, the mom and aunts will essentially kick him out of the family,” Miller predicted.
　　After Fred set off to attend to himself, his tusks reflected where he travelled around. Based on the analysis, Fred would return to mate every summer in Northeastern Indiana, because his tusks started to show signs of injuries around this time. When competing for mates, mastodons get into huge battles with their own natural weapons, sharp tusks. And that was exactly what brought Fred's story to an untimely end.
5.What did Miller's study mainly focus on
A.Effective ways of tusk preservation.
B.Inner structure of Fred's skeleton.
C.Possible tracks of Fred's migration.
D.Special functions of mastodons' tusks.
6.How did researchers learn about Fred's behavior in the ancient age
A.By analyzing nutrients in Fred's bones.
B.By reviewing statistical records of previous studies.
C.By modeling data of chemical elements in Fred's tusks.
D.By referring to the growth of tree rings to study Fred's tusk layers.
7.What can be inferred about Fred from the last paragraph
A.He was killed by his opponents.
B.He reunited with his family later.
C.He was drawn to cross-species fights.
D.He was weak in living independently.
8.In which section of a newspaper will the article appear
A.Geology.
B.Culture.
C.Education.
D.Science.
答案与分层梯度式解析
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.departed　2.shortage　3.acknowledged　4.route
Ⅱ.1.influential　考查形容词。设空处修饰名词explorers,应用形容词。故填influential。句意:历史上有许多有影响力的探险家。
2.with　考查固定搭配。句意:男孩的父亲经常用平板电脑逗男孩开心,平板电脑里装着五颜六色的图片,你戳一下这些图片,它们会变得生动有趣。be loaded with...意为“装满……”。故填with。
3.from　考查介词。句意:由于被控与犯罪有牵连,市长被免职了。dismiss sb. from sth.意为“免去某人的职务”。故填from。
4.harmonious　考查形容词。设空处修饰名词relationships,应用形容词。故填harmonious。句意:他的教诲形成了中国文化的道德和伦理基础,促进了对社会秩序、和谐的人际关系和知识的追求。
5.strengthen　考查动词。分析句子成分可知,设空处为谓语动词,根据空前的will可知,设空处应用动词原形。故填strengthen。句意:这个活动会拉近你们的距离,也会加强你们联系的纽带。
6.panicked　考查动词的时态。分析句子可知,and连接并列谓语,根据and后的called可知,此处应用一般过去时,panic的过去式为panicked。
7.to see　考查动词不定式。be astonished to do sth.意为“(某人)对做某事感到惊讶”。故填to see。句意:随着我们长大,我们开始了解很多小时候看到会感到惊奇的事情。
8.to go　考查动词不定式。固定搭配convince sb. to do sth.意为“说服某人做某事”。故填to go。句意:我的妹妹和弟弟试图说服我和他们一起去上海旅行。
9.have　考查insist的用法。句意:教育工作者坚决要求学校对每个学生的学习成绩进行评估。insist意为“坚持,坚决要求”,后接宾语从句时,从句中的谓语动词应用虚拟语气,即“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。根据语法填空的答题要求可知,应填have。
10.that　考查表语从句。句意:其结果是,许多社区,特别是在农业地区,将太阳能农场视为土壤的破坏者。分析句子可知,设空处位于谓语动词is后,引导表语从句,从句中不缺少成分且语意完整,所以用从属连词that。
Ⅲ.1.regardless of　2.has an impact on　3.allow for
Ⅳ.1.on behalf of our school　2.kept me awake　3.With the teacher smiling at him warmly
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.explorers　考查名词复数。分析句子可知,“one of China's greatest 　1　”是Zheng He的同位语(指人),为“one of+名词复数”结构。故填explorers。
2.loaded　考查形容词。be loaded with...意为“装满……”,此处作His fleet的后置定语,应用形容词。故填loaded。
3.a　考查冠词。固定短语have a(n)...impact on...意为“对……有……影响”,far-reaching的发音以辅音音素开头,故填a。
4.strengthened　考查动词的时态。空处和contributed并列作谓语,也应用一般过去时。故填strengthened。
5.exposing　考查现在分词。分析句子可知,句中已有谓语动词,此处应用非谓语动词形式,所给提示词expose与其逻辑主语His efforts之间是主动关系,应用现在分词作状语。故填exposing。
6.widely　考查副词。设空处修饰谓语动词are acknowledged,应用副词,故填widely。
7.to be　考查动词不定式。be considered to be...意为“被认为是……”,动词不定式作主语补足语。故填to be。
8.on/upon　考查介词。固定短语insist on/upon doing sth.意为“坚持做某事”。故填on或upon。
9.distance　考查名词。固定短语in the distance意为“在远处”。故填distance。
10.that/which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,设空处无提示词,空前为名词短语the Age of Exploration,空后内容缺少主语,故推测设空处引导定语从句且在从句中作主语,先行词指物。故填that或which。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位年轻人梦想加入前往南极的远征。尽管最初被拒绝,但他偷偷登上了沙克尔顿的船,最终参与了这次探险。
1.of/about　考查介词。dream of/about...表示“梦想……;梦见……”,故填of或about。
2.qualified　考查形容词。设空处作表语,结合and前的young可知此处应用形容词。故填qualified。
3.was discovered　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据上下文可知,此处叙述的是过去发生的事情,且discover与主语I之间构成被动关系,所以应用一般过去时的被动语态。主语为单数形式,故填was discovered。
4.a　考查冠词。steward为可数名词,空前无限定词,所以其前应用不定冠词表泛指,且steward的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。
5.calmly　考查副词。此处作状语修饰动词told,应用副词。故填calmly。
6.himself　考查反身代词。设空处作he的同位语,应用反身代词。故填himself。
7.which　考查定语从句。设空处无提示词,分析句子结构可知,逗号后部分缺少主语,所以推测设空处引导非限制性定语从句且在从句中作主语,先行词为前面整个主句。故填which。
8.to find　考查动词不定式。句意:我们到达象岛后不久,沙克尔顿就离开我们去寻求帮助。此处为动词不定式作目的状语。故填to find。
9.happier　考查比较级。根据上文语境可知,在途中“我们”的船沉了,在海上艰难求生,事情从坏变成更糟,而此处介绍事情开始好转。由此可推断,此处指“我”努力去想更快乐的事情,应用形容词的比较级。故填happier。
10.perseverance　考查名词。形容词性物主代词their后接名词,perseverance是不可数名词。故填perseverance。
【高频词汇】　1.adventure n.冒险　2.apply v.申请
3.turn down拒绝　4.assign v.指派;分配　5.be stuck in陷入　6.approach v.接近　7.abandon v.舍弃,离开;遗弃　8.rescue v.营救;抢救　9.grateful adj.感激的
10.concern n.关心,担心
【差距词汇】　1.expedition n.远征,探险　2.steward n.服务员,乘务员
长难句
原句　However, when I applied to join the expedition, Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young and wasn't qualified, so I secretly went aboard his ship, Endurance.
分析　本句为并列复合句。when引导时间状语从句;because引导原因状语从句;“I was too young and wasn't qualified”是省略引导词的宾语从句,作thought的宾语;so连接并列分句。
译文　然而,当我申请加入探险队时,沙克尔顿拒绝了我,因为他认为我太年轻,不符合条件,所以我偷偷地登上了他的船“坚忍号”。
Ⅲ.A
◎语篇解读　 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一艘轮船启航前往印度,在经历了暴风雨后终于找到陆地的故事。
1.C　细节理解题。根据第一段第三句和最后一句可知,当他们接近非洲东海岸时,风暴来了,把船吹出去很远。故选C。
2.B　词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“One morning, before everyone died of thirst, a sailor cried out, ‘Land!’”和“and all cheered”可知,一天早上,在大家都快要渴死之前,一个水手喊道:“陆地!”由此可推断,水手因为靠近了陆地而激动欢呼。tumultuous意为“激动的”。故选B。
3.C　细节理解题。根据第五段和第八段可知,作者到达陆地后下船是因为他想散散步,四处看看。故选C。
4.A　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后三句可知,水手们几乎都上船了,我看得出那个巨人抓不住他们,相反,巨人朝我走来,巨大的恐惧掠过我的脑海。由此可推断,接下来最有可能发生的是作者试图尽可能快地逃跑。故选A。
【高频词汇】　1.set sail启航　2.be trapped in被困在……;陷入……　3.run out of用完,耗尽　4.die of死于　5.reply v.回答　6.catch up with赶上
【熟词生义】　but prep.除了
B
◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了对13,000年前的一头乳齿象Fred的象牙的研究和发现。
5.C　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句和第二段前两句可知,乳齿象Fred的象牙最近成为一项研究的实验对象,该研究描绘了13,000年前乳齿象的生活。通过分析象牙中的化学物质,一组研究人员能够详细描述它的季节性迁徙模式,Miller是研究Fred的研究人员之一。因此,Miller的研究重点是Fred可能的迁徙轨迹。故选C。
6.C　细节理解题。根据第三段最后三句可知,研究团队特别关注了两种元素在象牙生长层中的变化:锶和氧,然后通过一些统计模型,Miller和他的团队深入了解了Fred一万多年前的日常行为记录。由此可知,研究人员通过对象牙生长层中特殊化学元素的数据建模来了解乳齿象在古代的行为。故选C。
7.A　推理判断题。根据最后一段第三、四句可知,争夺配偶时,乳齿象用自己的天然武器——锋利的象牙展开激烈的战斗,而这正是Fred的故事过早结束的原因。由此可推断,Fred在争夺配偶的战斗中,被其他雄象的象牙刺伤,这导致其死亡。故选A。
8.D　推理判断题。通读全文可知,文章介绍了对13,000年前的一头乳齿象Fred的象牙的研究和发现。由此可推断,文章选自科学部分。故选D。
【高频词汇】　1.trace v.描绘;追踪　2.analyze/analyse v.分析→analysis n.分析,分析结果　3.account n.描述;报告;账户　4.distinct adj.清楚的,清晰的;截然不同的,不同种类的　5.focus...on...集中……于……
6.element n.元素　7.gain insight into洞悉,了解
8.bother n.令人烦恼的情况(或事物、人)　9.arouse v.引起,激起　pete v.竞争,比赛
【熟词生义】　construct v.形成(观念、理论)
【差距词汇】　1.migration n.迁徙;迁移;移居
2.obnoxious adj.极讨厌的;可憎的　3.untimely adj.过早的;不到时间的;突然的
长难句
原句　The former is the key to understanding where Fred spent his life, while the latter tells us the season when he was in any particular region.
分析　本句为并列复合句。where引导宾语从句,作understanding的宾语;while为并列连词,连接并列分句,表示对比;when引导定语从句,修饰先行词the season。
译文　前者是了解弗雷德在哪里度过一生的关键,而后者则告诉我们它在任何一个特定地区的季节。
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