译林版选择性必修三Unit 3 Part 2 Grammar and usage & Integrated skills分层练习（含解析）

Unit 3　Back to the past
Part 2　Grammar and usage & Integrated skills
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.It is difficult to make a 　　　　(比较) with her previous book—they are completely different.
2.I 　　　　(塞进) my remaining possessions into the trunk and headed for the airport.
3.The Smiths 　　　　(收养) an orphan in a shelter last week and named him Mike.
4.At 5,700 meters, there's only half the oxygen 　　　　(可用的) in each breath compared to at sea level.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.Contrary 　　　　　 popular belief, women cause fewer road accidents than men.
2.Our country is like a big family, which consists 　　　　　fifty-six ethnic groups.
3.Winning Olympic medals proves the 　　　　　(exception) skills of the winners.
4.Many people believe that hunger is only a problem in the developing countries. 　　　　　 the contrary, it is a problem all over the world.
Ⅲ.单元语法专练
题型(一)
1.Get up, show up and never give up! That's 　　　　　 we should do.
2.The task is too hard for us, and that is 　　　　　 I object to the plan.
3.He didn't attend the meeting. That's 　　　　　 he had an urgent thing to deal with.
4.What I'm concerned about most is 　　　　　 we collect a huge amount of money in such a short time.
5.The reason why Kelvin was late for the meeting was 　　　　　 his car broke down on the way.
6.And this is 　　　　　 AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in.
7.The main finding was 　　　　　 the dogs approached the experimenter significantly sooner in the unable scenario(情境) than in the unwilling scenario.
8.After moving to America, her confusion was 　　　　　 she should stick to her own way of life or follow the American way.
题型(二)
1.她看上去好像她对此一无所知。其实不然。
She appeared 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 nothing about it. In fact that was not the case.
2.我的建议是,如果你想上你理想的大学,你应该从现在开始努力学习。
My advice is that 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 from now on if you want to go to your ideal university.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.我们学生对您的作品很感兴趣,我整理了一些我们感兴趣的问题。
We students are fascinated by your works and I've 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 we are interested in.
2.经理坚决要求在会议上讨论这个问题。(一句多译:insist)
①The manager 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 at the meeting.(简单句)
②The manager 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 at the meeting.(主从复合句)
能力提升练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
　　A valuable sketch(素描) from World War Ⅰ has turned up in a garage sale in Perth. It's a sketch of soldiers playing football during an unofficial truce(停战期) between German and Allied soldiers on the Western Front in 1914. The artwork was drawn by an unnamed German soldier during the war on the Western Front.
　　The artwork was given to Private Jack Shelley, a British soldier, when he was defending the town of Frelinghien, France. The sketch is an important historical document, as it provides proof that the tales of rival soldiers socialising together are true. But for Private Shelley's descendants(后代) it has even greater value, since it was his prized possession. Jessie Shelley, Jack's great-granddaughter, has fond memories of the old man sharing stories about his experiences in the war when he came to live permanently in Australia in 1930. The family lost track of the artwork after Jack's possessions were moved during the sale of his house when he died in 1984.
　　“Great-grandpa had a tobacco tin filled with a dozen or so buttons from the uniforms of men from both sides. He told us all the details of every one of those buttons. To Great-grandpa they represented real people he had known, some of whom hadn't come home from the war. He had at least two buttons from German uniforms that he told us were exchanged between the men involved in the Christmas truce.”
　　On Christmas Day of 1914, the soldiers came out of their trenches into no-man's-land and shared food, drinks and cigarettes. Some even exchanged small gifts. The men even played football games together. Later, this spirit of cooperation continued in unofficial agreements between the sides to stop shooting at mealtimes and even at times when soldiers were working in the open.
　　This fascinating image of peace and humanity during the war has continued through the years. The sketch is a symbol of the potential of humanity, hope and friendliness to exist even in the most violent circumstances.
1.In what situation was the sketch made
A.It was made in a garage.
B.It was made on the front line.
C.It was made during a formal soccer match.
D.It was made by a soldier fighting in Germany.
2.Why is this sketch an important historical document
A.It explains the specific reason for the war.
B.It shows the war on the Western Front came to an end.
C.It proves rival soldiers could live in peace sometimes.
D.It is evidence that soldiers could adapt quickly to society.
3.What did Private Shelley say about the buttons in the tobacco tin
A.They were from German uniforms.
B.Some of them represented his honor.
C.Some of their owners didn't survive the war.
D.They were collected on Christmas Day in 1914.
4.What impact did the Christmas truce have
A.It brought about more truces.　　　B.It started wide information exchanges.
C.It led to no agreement between the sides.　　　D.It resulted in more celebrations between the sides.
Ⅱ.七选五
　　The history of the school bus can date back to 1886 when the company Wayne Works made horse-drawn carriages(四轮马车) known as “school wagons” or “kid hacks” in Indiana. 　1　
　　In the early 1900s, the car industry was beginning to develop fast. 　2　 The company managed to make its carriages powered by engines. But the design remained mostly the same as that of the previous ones, with students sitting along the walls of the bus while facing inside.
　　In 1927, a man built the first bus that primarily adopted steel. Before long, Wayne Works introduced the first all-steel school bus body with safety glass windows. 　3　 This led to a turning point in the history of the school bus in 1939, when a conference was organised at Manhattan College to develop school bus standards.
　　Many new national standards were created, determining everything from the seating format to the famous yellow color that school buses still sport today. The reason why the color was chosen was simple. 　4　The color is especially easy to see in the early morning and evening when school buses usually operate.
　　　5　 For example, a variety of changes have been made to enable the school bus to not only be safer but also have better fuel(燃料) economy, be easier to drive, etc. The most creative approach among all of these is probably a kind of stop signal arm that warns traffic of a stop, which states began to require in the early 1950s.
A.Horses were easy to control.
B.Not all chose to paint their buses yellow.
C.Yellow is quite eye-catching.
D.Before then, many children simply walked to school.
E.Now, school buses have had many more reforms.
F.Still, parents were increasingly concerned for children's safety.
G.This gave Wayne Works a great opportunity to improve its carriages.
1.　　　 2.　　　 3.　　　 4.　　　 5.　　　
Ⅲ.完形填空
　　Zhang Qian, an outstanding diplomat(外交官) and explorer in the Han Dynasty, with a pioneering and adventurous 　1　 as well as a strong and unyielding character, was 　2　 as “the pioneer of the Silk Road”,“the first Chinese to open the eyes to see the world”and“the Columbus of the 　3　”.
　　As early as 2,000 years ago, Zhang Qian was 　4　 a mission to seek allies(同盟国) in the Western Regions to 　5　 the enemies in northern tribes. Along the way, no matter how difficult the environment was, his 　6　 was firm. But soon Zhang was 　7　 by the Huns just as he left the Han territory and was held prisoner for a dozen years.
　　After eleven years went by, the Huns' 　8　 became loose. Hence, Zhang ran away with his personal 　9　. They continued to travel west without any dry food and drinking water. Due to the excellent skill of shooting arrows, they 　10　 on eating birds and animals along the way. After several days, they 　11　 arrived in the Amu Darya area. However, people there enjoyed their life and didn't want any war. Though Zhang didn't finish his mission, he brought back precious 　12　 of the Western Regions.
　　Due to the　13　of Zhang Qian, the Silk Road started. Through his diplomatic practice, the bridge of friendly exchanges between the Han and Western countries was 　14　, and the cultural and economic exchanges between the East and the West were promoted. Zhang's journey to the Western Regions breathed new 　15　 into the civilization and progress of the whole world.
1.A.will　　　B.spirit
C.team　　　D.tradition
2.A.played　　　B.dressed
C.mistaken　　　D.honored
3.A.North　　　B.East
C.South　　　D.West
4.A.assigned　　　B.frozen
C.withdrawn　　　D.stuck
5.A.compromise with　　　B.take over
C.fight against　　　D.learn from
6.A.statement　　　B.position
C.faith　　　D.reputation
7.A.captured　　　B.persuaded
C.threatened　　　D.challenged
8.A.watch　　　B.atmosphere
C.investigation　　　D.requirement
9.A.cattle　　　B.waitresses
C.cooks　　　D.guards
10.A.surrounded　　　B.survived
C.sheltered　　　D.strengthened
11.A.constantly　　　B.violently
C.extensively　　　D.eventually
12.A.secrets　　　B.values
C.knowledge　　　D.slaves
13.A.greed　　　B.wealth
C.effort　　　D.violence
14.A.constructed　　　B.reformed
C.preserved　　　D.assessed
15.A.smell　　　B.life
C.formats　　　D.discipline
答案与分层梯度式解析
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.comparison　2.packed　3.adopted　4.available
Ⅱ.1.to　考查介词。contrary to...意为“与……相反”,常作状语,故填to。句意:与普遍的看法相反,女性造成的交通事故比男性少。
2.of　考查介词。consist of为固定短语,表示“由……组成/构成”,故填of。句意:我们的国家像一个大家庭,由五十六个民族组成。
3.exceptional　考查形容词。分析句子可知,设空处前为定冠词the,空后为名词skills,此处应用形容词作定语,表示“杰出的;非凡的”,故填exceptional。
4.On　考查介词。on the contrary意为“与此相反”,为固定短语,故填On。句意:很多人认为饥饿只是发展中国家的问题。与此相反,这是一个世界性的问题。
Ⅲ.题型(一)
1.what　分析句子可知,设空处位于系动词后,引导表语从句,从句中缺少动词do的宾语,指物,所以用what。句意:站起来,现身,永不放弃!那是我们应该做的。
2.why　句意:这个任务对我们来说太难了,那就是为什么我反对这个计划。根据语境可知,and前面部分表示原因,“我反对这个计划”表示结果,that's why...表示“那就是为什么……”,故填why。
3.because　句意:他没有参加会议。那是因为他有急事要处理。分析句子可知,设空处位于系动词后,引导表语从句,“有急事要处理”是“没有参加会议”的原因,because意为“因为”,符合语境。故填because。
4.how　句意:我最担心的是我们如何在这么短的时间内筹集到大量资金。分析句子可知,“　　　 we collect...in such a short time”是表语从句,结合句意可知从句中缺少方式状语,故填how。
5.that　分析句子可知,The reason为主语,why引导定语从句,设空处位于was后引导表语从句,the reason作主语时,其后的表语从句用that引导。故填that。句意:开尔文会议迟到的原因是他的车在路上抛锚了。
6.where　设空处位于系动词is后,无提示词,故推测设空处引导表语从句,在从句中作地点状语。故填where。句意:这就是AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence这本书有用的地方。
7. that　句意:主要的发现是,狗在不能的情况下比在不愿意的情况下更早地接近实验者。分析句子可知,设空处位于系动词后,引导表语从句,从句中不缺少成分且语意完整,所以应用that引导。
8. whether　句意:搬到美国后,她的困惑是应该坚持自己的生活方式还是遵循美国的生活方式。分析句子可知,设空处位于系动词后,引导表语从句,结合句意可知,此处为whether...or...,意为“是……还是……”。故填whether。
题型(二)
1.as if/as though she had known　2.you should study hard
Ⅳ.1.sorted out some questions　2.①insisted on the problem being discussed　②insisted that the problem be discussed
能力提升练
Ⅰ.◎语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。创作于第一次世界大战时期的一幅宝贵的素描证实了敌对双方的战士也有友好相处的时候。这充分证明,即便在极端暴力的情况下也有人性、希望和友善存在。
1.B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The artwork was drawn by an unnamed German soldier during the war on the Western Front.”可知,这幅画是战争期间西部战线的一位不知名的德国士兵画的,由此可知这幅画是在前线创作的。故选B。
易错归因　　本题易错选D项。根据文章内容可知,当时的作战地是西部战线(the Western Front),不是德国,所以D项“这是一个在德国作战的士兵创作的”表述与原文不符。
2.C　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“it provides proof that the tales of rival soldiers socialising together are true”可推断,它证明了敌对的士兵一起交往的故事是真实的,因此这幅画的历史意义在于它能够证明敌对双方的战士有和平相处的时候。故选C。
易错归因　　本题易错选B项。根据文章内容可知,当时的战争并没有结束,这只是非官方的休战,所以B项“它表明西部战线的战争结束了”表述与原文不符。
3.C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“To Great-grandpa they represented real people he had known, some of whom hadn't come home from the war.”可知,有些扣子的主人没能在战争中存活下来。故选C。
4.A　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Later, this spirit of cooperation continued in unofficial agreements between the sides to stop shooting at mealtimes and even at times when soldiers were working in the open.”可知,后来这种合作精神在双方的非正式协议中继续存在,即在吃饭时停止射击,甚至士兵们在户外工作时也停止射击。由此可见,圣诞节休战带来了后续更多的休战。故选A。
【高频词汇】　1.turn up出现;被发现,被找到
2.possession n.私人物品,财产;拥有　3.lose track of与……失去联系;不了解……的动态　4.represent vt.代表,象征　5.exchange vt.交换　6.cooperation n.合作　7.potential n.可能性　8.circumstance n.环境,状况
【差距词汇】　1.garage sale n.(在私人住宅的车库里进行的)旧物销售　2.trench n.战壕;沟
长难句
原句　The sketch is an important historical document, as it provides proof that the tales of rival soldiers socialising together are true.
分析　本句为主从复合句。as引导原因状语从句,其中that引导同位语从句,解释说明proof的内容。
译文　这幅素描是一份重要的历史文献,因为它提供了证据,证明敌对的士兵一起交往的故事是真实的。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读　 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了校车的起源及其发展的过程。
1.D　上文介绍校车出现的时间,D项“在此之前,许多孩子只是步行上学”说明校车出现之前孩子们是如何上学的,上下文紧密连接,符合语境。故选D。
2.G　根据上文可知,20世纪初,汽车工业开始迅速发展;根据下文可知,该公司设法使其马车由发动机驱动。由此可推断,G项“这给了Wayne Works公司一个改进四轮马车的好机会”承上启下,G项中的“improve its carriages”与下文中的“make its carriages powered by engines”相照应。故选G。
3.F　下文提到1939年校车历史上的一个转折点——曼哈顿学院组织了一次会议来制定校车标准。由下文中的“This led to”可知,设空处内容应是制定校车标准的原因, F项“家长们还是越来越担心孩子们的安全”符合语境,引起下文。故选F。
4.C　根据上文可知,选择这种颜色(yellow color)的原因很简单。由此可推断,C项“黄色非常引人注目”是对上文内容的解释说明。故选C。
5.E　下文介绍了对校车的各种改进,使校车不仅更安全,而且能更好地节约燃料、更容易驾驶,等等。在所有这些方法中,最有创意的可能是一种停车信号臂,它可以警告路上行驶的车辆。由此可知,本段主要列举了对校车的一系列改进。E项“现在,校车有了更多的改进”引出下文。故选E。
【高频词汇】　1.date back to追溯到　2.power v.驱动　3.previous adj.先前的　4.lead to导致　5.organise v.组织,安排　6.determine v.确定　7.especially adv.尤其,特别　8.warn v.警告;告诫;提醒
【熟词生义】　sport v.展示
长难句
原句　The most creative approach among all of these is probably a kind of stop signal arm that warns traffic of a stop, which states began to require in the early 1950s.
分析　本句为主从复合句。that引导定语从句,修饰先行词a kind of stop signal arm;which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词a kind of stop signal arm。
译文　在所有这些方法中,最有创意的可能是一种停车信号臂,它可以警告路上行驶的车辆校车要停了,这是美国各州在20世纪50年代初开始要求的。
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了张骞历经艰险出使西域,开启了丝绸之路的故事,说明了其对促进东西方文化、经济交流的影响。
1.B　根据下文的“the pioneer of the Silk Road”和“the first Chinese to open the eyes to see the world”可知,张骞具有开拓冒险精神和顽强不屈的性格。故选B。
2.D　后面列举的都是张骞获得的称号,由此可知,此处指“张骞被誉为……”。故选D。
3.B　根据上文“Zhang Qian, an outstanding diplomat and explorer in the Han Dynasty”可知,张骞是汉朝人,结合选项和常识可知,此处指“东方的哥伦布”。故选B。
4.A　根据空后“a mission to seek allies in the Western Regions”可知,张骞被派到西域寻找盟友。故选A。
5.C　根据空后的“the enemies in northern tribes”可知,此处指对抗北方部落的敌人。故选C。
6.C　结合下文“They continued to travel west without any dry food and drinking water.”可知,他被囚禁十几年后仍然没有放弃向西部探索,由此可知,无论环境多么艰难,他的信念始终坚定。故选C。
7.A　根据下文“was held prisoner for a dozen years”可知,张骞离开汉朝领土后被匈奴人囚禁了十几年。由此可知,张骞被俘。故选A。
8.A　根据下文“Hence, Zhang ran away”可知,张骞逃了出来。由此可推断,匈奴人的看管放松了。故选A。
9.D　根据下文“They continued to travel west”可知,有其他人和张骞同行,结合选项可知,此处指他带着他的护卫一起逃跑了,这更符合常理。故选D。
10.B　根据“on eating birds and animals along the way”可知,虽然没有干粮和水,但是由于高超的射箭技术,他们沿途猎食动物,活了下来。故选B。
11.D　根据上下文可知,张骞一行人历经艰险,终于到达阿姆河地区。故选D。
12.C　根据上下文可知,虽然张骞没有完成(寻找盟友的)使命,但他带回了宝贵的西域知识。故选C。
13.C　根据“the Silk Road started”及下一句可知,张骞出使西域促进了中国和西方的交流,所以此处表示由于他的努力,丝绸之路开始了。故选C。
14.A　根据“and the cultural and economic exchanges between the East and the West were promoted”可知,通过张骞的外交实践,架起了汉朝与西方国家友好交流的桥梁。故选A。
15.B　根据上文可知,张骞出使西域,促进了东西方之间的文化和经济交流,所以是为世界文明与进步注入了新的活力。breathe (new) life into...表示“给……注入活力;振兴……”。故选B。
【高频词汇】　1.character n.品质,性格;特点,特性
2.excellent adj.极好的;优秀的　3.shoot v.射(箭);射击
4.exchange n.& v.交流;交换　5.promote v.促进;推动;促销;提升
【差距词汇】　1.unyielding adj.坚定的;顽强不屈的
2.tribe n.部落　3.territory n.领土;版图;领地
4.diplomatic adj.外交的;灵活变通的
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