译林版选择性必修三Unit 3 Part 3 Extended reading, Project, Assessment & Further study分层练习（含解析）

Unit 3　Back to the past
Part 3　Extended reading, Project, Assessment & Further study
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.My arms were aching so I 　　　　(改变)position slightly.
2.The cut on his leg 　　　　(流血) a lot when he was hurt yesterday.
3.As the outside of the star 　　　　(下沉) toward the center, the star gets smaller and smaller.
4.What's more, we're requested to wear the school u　　　 and to enhance the sense of group honor.
5.　　　　(同时), over the course of the 19th century, electricity went from mere curiosity to a basic necessity.
Ⅱ.一词多义
1.hatch
(1) In order to solve the problem, they worked hard and hatched a genius plan.
词性:　　　　 词义:　　　　
(2)A cool summer had delayed(推迟) hatching. Baby bees were still in the honeycombs(蜂巢).
词性:　　　　 词义:　　　　
2.freeze
(1)Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals.
词性:　　　　 词义:　　　　
(2)He froze with terror, totally at a loss what he would do next.
词性:　　　　 词义:　　　　
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1.He 　　　　　(drag) a box for a long distance and approached the station.
2.I will remember to pray 　　　　　all those people who are in trouble right now.
3.Being moved to tears, the audience stood up and clapped their hands 　　　　　(violent).
4.Dressed 　　　　　 white, the bride walked into the church slowly.
5.The course of programming is available 　　　　　 all the students in this university.
6.The monkey was seriously injured, 　　　　　(bleed) heavily.
7.What is crucial is 　　　　　 we should carry out the operation immediately.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.应观众的强烈要求,这部戏将每周在剧院上演两次。
　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 the audience's great demand, the play will be put on in the theatre twice a week.
2.因为有那么多网络帖子以同一地点为特色,你很容易觉得错过了。(with的复合结构;feature)
　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　, it's easy to feel like you're missing out.
3.这个瓶子很难打开;诀窍是先把热水倒在上面。
The bottle 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　; the trick is to pour hot water on it first.
4.这片水域也是多种多样的珊瑚虫和鱼的栖息地,这使它成为理想的潜水之处。(make)
This body of water is also home to a huge variety of corals and fish, 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 for diving.(读后续写—环境描写)
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
　　It was Sunday, December 7, 1941. The men aboard the warship USS Arizona got up at 5:45 a.m. It looked like it was going to be a normal day 　1　 board. Then there was a huge crashing sound from above. The ship shook 　2　(violent) and the crew looked at each other in horror. Moments later, a bomb 　3　(hit) the USS Arizona.
　　Nobody had expected the bombing. The attack began without warning and came as 　4　 great shock to the whole nation. The next day, President Roosevelt made his famous Pearl Harbor Speech, 　5　(ask) the US Congress to declare war on Japan. In response to the attack and the president's address, the US joined World War Ⅱ.
　　Today, the USS Arizona lies 　6　 it sank: in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. 　7　(it) location is marked with a memorial shaped like a bridge, which crosses the ship's sunken remains. About 80 years has passed, 　8　 the attack on Pearl Harbor, one of the 　9　(dark) episodes in American history, will never 　10　(forget).
1.　　　　　　 2.　　　　　　 3.　　　　　　 4.　　　　　　
5.　　　　　　 6.　　　　　　 7.　　　　　　 8.　　　　　　
9.　　　　　　 10.　　　　　　
Ⅱ.语法填空
　　In China, 2024 is the Year of the Dragon, or “the Year of the Loong”, which is known in Chinese. This creature appears on many cultural artifacts 　1　(pass) down through Chinese history.
　　Unlike Western dragons, 　2　 are often depicted as aggressive, fire-breathing, flying lizards, Chinese loongs 　3　(traditional) symbolize the strong and favourable power. In Chinese mythology(神话), the loong is credited with ensuring 　4　 good harvest. The unique appearance of the Chinese loong distinguishes it 　5　 its Western counterparts.
　　For thousands of years, the Chinese have respected the loong, 　6　(believe) that they can bring harmony and prosperity. According to Chinese mythology, the Yan Emperor's mother had seen a loong just before she was pregnant and later she 　7　(bear) the Yan Emperor. The Chinese regard the Yan Emperor as their forefather, so they refer to 　8　(they) as “descendants of the loong(龙的传人)”.
　　At a 　9　(history) site in Liaoning Province, a stone sculpture of a loong was discovered in 1994. Measuring 19.70 meters in length, the sculpture 　10　(date) back to more than 7,600 years ago. The idiom “龙年大吉” means “good luck in the Year of the Loong”. We wish you a happy and lucky Chinese New Year!
1.　　　　　　 2.　　　　　　 3.　　　　　　 4.　　　　　　
5.　　　　　　 6.　　　　　　 7.　　　　　　 8.　　　　　　
9.　　　　　　 10.　　　　　　
Ⅲ.阅读理解
　　A pair of best friends from Texas are proving that adventure doesn't have an age limit—even when you're 81.
　　Ellie Hamby, a photographer, and Sandy Hazelip, a physician, toured the world in 80 days, adventuring from the shores of Bali to the deserts of Egypt.
　　Their first stop was Antarctica. “The beauty of Antarctica is just unbelievable,” Hamby recalled. Since then, the pair have visited 18 countries across all seven continents.
　　And despite the challenges international travel presents, the best friends say they finished their trip without any arguments.
　　“We're both independent and very stubborn. But we seem to allow for giving space,” said Hamby. “We just understand each other and we know this is a good thing we're doing and we kind of respect each other's feelings.”
　　For Hamby, the most interesting aspect of the trip was the people they met along the way.
　　“We love all the sights that we saw, but the things that we remember the most are the people that we met,” she said. “We met some of the most wonderful, kindest, friendliest people in the world. We just have friends now all over the world that we love dearly.”
　　And they shared an important piece of advice for travelers worried about the language barrier on their own adventures.
　　“You know, people often ask us about the language barrier and how we manage it,” said Hamby. “There's one language and that's a smile. And we found that worked wonders because we were often aware that there was not spoken English. But a smile covers all languages.”
1.Why did they finish the trip without arguments
A.They have different personalities.
B.They prepared presents for each other.
C.They understand and respect each other.
D.They allowed each other to voice their ideas.
2.What part of the trip impressed Hamby most
A.The beautiful sights.　　　B.The wonderful people.
C.The interesting activities.　　　D.The cultural experiences.
3.What did Hamby suggest travelers do with the language barrier
A.Rely on the smile.　　　B.Be more adventurous.
C.Hear spoken English more.　　　D.Learn more languages.
4.What would be the best title for the text
A.Language Struggles: Testing Friendship
B.Travel Troubles: Friendship Tested Abroad
C.Talking Struggles: Adventures Lost in Translation
D.Limitless Adventures: Two Friends Break Age Barriers
Ⅳ.七选五
　　It is necessary to be reasonable and flexible enough to avoid conflicts as much as possible and live in peace with others. 　1　 If you have done all your best to avoid conflicts and you are still arguing, reading the following routes can be influential.
　　Don't get in the center of the conflict.
　　Sometimes people can get in the center of the conflict due to their enthusiasm(热心) for offering help. Frankly speaking, it is very unwise, because it can make you the main figure of the conflict. 　2　 You should focus on your own life issues.
　　Be kind.
　　　3　 Life is full of conflicts and disagreements, and that's why you should find more conservative(保守的) ways of dealing with them. For example, kindness cannot strengthen the conflict.
　　Try to be a peacekeeper.
　　Peacekeepers tend to cooperate with people without bad emotions which usually lead to arguments and even conflicts. “　4　” This saying is the life motto of a natural-born peacekeeper. Don't worry if you are not a natural-born peacekeeper; you can gain this skill during your life.
　　　5　
　　When the conflict is gathering pace and you can't manage to control yourself, you should choose to handle the situation in another way. By all means, try to keep yourself away from stress. It is helpful to put some distance between yourself and the opponent(对手). You should get away from the situation for a while.
A.Walk off.
B.The greatest victory is the battle not fought.
C.Conflicts are unavoidable, so try to accept them.
D.Weak people usually desire others to offer help and support.
E.Let other people solve their problems without your presence.
F.When someone pushes you to the limit, try to act kindly towards this person.
G.Arguing can either break up your friendship or affect your relationship to some degree.
1.　　　 2.　　　 3.　　　 4.　　　 5.　　　
Ⅴ.读后续写
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
If you had to choose one word to describe Kevin, it might have been “slow”. He didn't learn his ABC as fast as other kids. He never came in first in the running races. However, Kevin's smile was brighter than the sun in June; his heart was bigger than the sky. Kevin's enthusiasm for life spread quickly to others. So when he discovered that the teacher, Randy, was putting together a boys' basketball team, his mother could only answer,“Yes, you may join it.”
Basketball became the center of Kevin's life. At practice, he worked so hard that you'd have thought he was preparing for the NBA. He liked to stand on a certain spot near the free-throw(罚球) line and shoot baskets. Patiently, he stood there throwing ball after ball after ball, until finally it would get into the basket. “Look at me, Coach!”he'd shout to Randy, jumping up and down, his face just glowing with excitement. His teammates were also moved by Kevin's perseverance, and they insisted on practicing with him.
Kevin and his whole team truly loved basketball. But just loving the game didn't help them win. More balls fell out of the basket than into it, and the boys lost every game that season by very large scores, except one: that night it snowed and the other team couldn't make it to the game. At the end of the season, the boys had their last competition. As the last-place team, they drew the unfortunate spot of playing against the first-place team—the tall, undefeated first-place team.
The game went pretty much as expected, and near the middle of the fourth quarter Kevin's team stood nearly 30 points behind. At that point, one of Kevin's teammates called a timeout. As he came to the side of the court, Randy couldn't imagine why the timeout had been called. “Coach,”said the boy, “I know that Kevin has never made a basket. But this is our last game and I think we should let Kevin make a basket to achieve his dream.” With the game completely out of reach, the idea seemed reasonable, so plans were made.
注意:续写词数应为150个左右。
　　Every time Kevin's team had the ball, Kevin was to stand on his special spot near the free-throw line and they would give him the ball.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　Kevin missed every chance with this pattern continuing a few more times, and the spectators(观众) finally figured out what was happening. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
答案与分层梯度式解析
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.shifted　2.bled　3.sinks　4.uniform　5.Meanwhile
Ⅱ.1.(1)动词;策划　句意:为了解决这个问题,他们努力工作,策划了一个天才计划。
(2)动词;孵化,孵出　句意:凉爽的夏天推迟了孵化。幼蜂还在蜂巢里。
2.(1)动词;冷藏　句意:志愿者会清洗、切割、冷藏或晾干它们,以便在饭菜中使用。
(2)动词;呆住　句意:他吓得呆住了,完全不知道下一步该怎么办。
Ⅲ.1.dragged　考查动词的时态。连词and连接并列的谓语,根据approached可知,此处也应用一般过去时,drag的过去式要双写g后加-ed,故填dragged。句意:他拖着一个箱子走了很长一段距离才快到车站。
2.for　考查介词。pray for表示“为……祈祷”。句意:我会记得为所有那些现在处于困境中的人祈祷。
3.violently　考查副词。设空处修饰动词clapped,应用副词作状语,故填violently。句意:观众被感动得流下了眼泪,站起来热烈鼓掌。
4.in　考查介词。句意:新娘穿着白色衣服,慢慢地走进教堂。be dressed in意为“穿着……衣服”。故填in。
5.to　考查介词。be available to...表示“……可获得的”,故填to。句意:这所大学的所有学生都可以学习编程课程。
6.bleeding　考查现在分词。句意:猴子受了重伤,在大量流血。分析句子结构可知,句中已有谓语,所以此处应用非谓语形式,作状语,monkey与bleed之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词形式。故填bleeding。
7.that　考查表语从句。句意:至关重要的是我们应立即进行手术。分析句子可知,设空处位于系动词is后,引导表语从句,从句中不缺少成分且句意完整,所以用that。
Ⅳ.1.In response to　2.With so many online posts featuring the same places　3.is quite difficult to open
4.making it an ideal spot
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.on　考查介词。固定搭配on board意为“在船上”。故填on。
2.violently　考查副词。设空处修饰谓语动词shook,应用副词。故填violently。
3.hit　考查动词的时态。根据语境并结合上下文时态可知,此处描述的是过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时,hit的过去式和过去分词均为hit。故填hit。
4.a　考查冠词。此处shock是抽象名词具体化,指“令人震惊的事”,此处表示泛指,设空处应用不定冠词,且great的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。
5.asking　考查现在分词。分析句子可知,设空处作状语,President Roosevelt与动词ask之间是逻辑上的主动关系,应用现在分词作状语。故填asking。
6.where　考查状语从句。lie为不及物动词,分析句子可知,设空处引导地点状语从句。故填where。
7.Its　考查代词。设空处修饰名词location,应用形容词性物主代词。句首单词首字母大写。故填Its。
8.but　考查并列连词。设空处前后是两个分句,根据语境可知,上下文之间是转折关系,应用表示转折的并列连词but连接。故填but。
9.darkest　考查形容词最高级。此处为“one of+形容词最高级+名词复数”结构。故填darkest。
10.be forgotten　考查动词的语态。根据语境可知,此处表示“珍珠港事件将永远不会被遗忘”,应用一般将来时的被动语态。故填be forgotten。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。在中国,龙象征着强大和神圣的力量,能带来吉祥、丰收与繁荣。人们崇拜龙,并自称为“龙的传人”。因此中国有许多描绘龙的文物。
1.passed　考查过去分词。分析句子可知,动词短语pass down与artifacts之间是被动关系,故用过去分词作后置定语。故填passed。
2.which　考查定语从句。设空处无提示词,分析句子可知,“　2　 are often depicted as aggressive, fire-breathing, flying lizards”缺少主语,所以推知设空处引导非限制性定语从句,且在从句中作主语,修饰先行词Western dragons,先行词指物。故填which。
3.traditionally　考查副词。设空处修饰动词symbolize,应用副词作状语。故填traditionally。
4.a　考查冠词。harvest表示“收成”时为可数名词,此处表示泛指,应用不定冠词,harvest的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。
5.from　考查介词。固定搭配distinguish...from...意为“使……区别于……”。故填from。
6.believing　考查现在分词。分析句子可知,句中已有谓语动词,所以设空处用非谓语形式,动词believe与逻辑主语the Chinese之间是主动关系,故使用现在分词形式作状语。故填believing。
7.bore　考查动词的时态。根据本句中的“had seen a loong just before she was pregnant”可知,此处介绍发生在过去的事情,所以用一般过去时。故填bore。
8.themselves　考查反身代词。固定短语refer to...as...意为“视……为……”,此处使用反身代词作宾语。故填themselves。
9.historical　考查形容词。设空处修饰名词site,应用形容词,historical意为“历史的”,符合语境。故填historical。
易错归因　　historical表示“历史上的,有关历史的”,强调某个事件曾经的确发生过;historic表示“历史上著名的,具有历史意义的”,强调事件本身具有的重大意义。
10.dates　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子可知,设空处作谓语,此处表示客观事实,应用一般现在时。the sculpture是单数形式,谓语动词也应用第三人称单数形式。故填dates。
【高频词汇】　1.pass down流传;使世代相传
2.symbolize v.象征　3.ensure v.确保　4.appearance n.外表　5.distinguish v.区别,分清　6.refer to...提到;谈及;描述　7.measure v.量度为;估量;判定;测量　8.in length长度上
【熟词生义】　1.credit v.认为……有(良好的品质或特点)　2.bear v.生(孩子)
【差距词汇】　1.depict v.描述,描绘　2.lizard n.蜥蜴
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读　本文为一篇新闻报道。文章主要叙述了两位来自得克萨斯州的81岁的好朋友通过在80天内环游世界证明冒险不限于年龄。文章介绍了她们面对旅行挑战时保持良好关系的秘诀和克服语言障碍的方法。
1.C　细节理解题。根据第五段中的“But we seem to allow for giving space...understand each other...we kind of respect each other's feelings.”可知,理解和尊重对方可以避免争论。故选 C。
2.B　细节理解题。根据第七段第一句中的“the things that we remember the most are the people that we met”和第二句中的“most wonderful, kindest, friendliest people”可知,她们印象最深刻的是旅途中碰到的善良友好的人。故选 B。
3.A　细节理解题。根据最后一段可知,微笑是最好的语言,可以帮助克服语言障碍。故选A。
4.D　主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文主要讲述了两位来自得克萨斯州的81岁的好朋友通过在80天内环游世界证明冒险不限于年龄。她们游览了七大洲的18个国家。因此,本文最佳标题应是“无限冒险:两个朋友打破年龄障碍”。故选D。
【高频词汇】　1.limit n.限制,限度;极限;界限　2.recall v.回忆　3.challenge n.挑战　4.independent adj.有主见的;自主的;独立的　5.respect v.尊重;尊敬　6.aspect n.方面,层面　7.aware adj.发现;察觉到;知道;意识到
【差距词汇】　stubborn adj.固执的;执拗的
长难句
原句　And despite the challenges international travel presents, the best friends say they finished their trip without any arguments.
分析　本句为主从复合句。“international travel presents”是省略引导词的定语从句,修饰先行词challenges;动词say后是省略引导词的宾语从句。
译文　尽管国际旅行会带来挑战,但这对最好的朋友说,她们在没有任何争吵的情况下完成了这次旅行。
Ⅳ.◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几种有效避免冲突的方法。
1.G　根据上文可知,要有足够的合理性和灵活性,尽量避免冲突,与他人和平相处。由此可推断,G项“争吵要么会结束你们的友谊,要么会在某种程度上影响你们的关系”承接上文,介绍上文的做法的理由。故选G。
2.E　根据上文可知,有时人们会因为自己热心提供帮助而陷入冲突的中心,坦率地说,这是非常不明智的,因为它会使你成为冲突的主角;根据下文可知,你应该关注自己的生活问题。由此可推断,E项“让别人在你不出现的情况下解决他们的问题”承上启下。故选E。
3.F　由本段小标题可知本段内容与善良有关;根据下文可知,生活充满了冲突和分歧,这就是为什么你应该找到更保守的方法来处理它们,如善良不会增强冲突。由此可推断,F项“当有人把你逼到极限时,要努力善待这个人”说明了要善良,友好待人,和小标题以及下文吻合。故选F。
4.B　根据上文可知,调解人倾向于在没有不良情绪的情况下与人合作,不良情绪通常会导致争吵甚至冲突。由此可推断,B项“不战而胜是最伟大的胜利”说明不和人争论就是胜利,承接上文,且与下文中的This saying相呼应。故选B。
5.A　根据最后一段可知,当冲突愈演愈烈而你又无法控制自己时,你应该选择用另一种方式来处理这种情况,无论如何,试着让自己远离压力,与对手保持一定距离是有帮助的,你应该暂时离开这种情况。由此可推断,此处的建议是“离开”。故选A。
【高频词汇】　1.flexible adj.灵活的　2.conflict n.冲突
3.argue v.争论　4.due to由于　5.figure n.人物;数字;身材;图形　6.focus on集中于,关注　7.cooperate v.合作　8.lead to导致　9.handle v.处理,应付
长难句
原句　Life is full of conflicts and disagreements, and that's why you should find more conservative ways of dealing with them.
分析　本句是一个并列复合句。第二个and连接并列分句;why引导表语从句。
译文　生活充满了冲突和分歧,那就是为什么你应该找到更保守的方法来处理它们。
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写作指导
情节线 情感线
故事要素 Time during the basketball season Kevin乐观、热情 激动、兴奋、 坚持不懈 无奈 紧张、期盼 　观众钦佩 Kevin的努力 Kevin受到鼓舞
Place the basketball court
Character Kevin, Kevin's teammates, Randy
情节 Period 1 Kevin是个“迟钝”的男孩,但和其他人相处得很好,他加入了他的老师Randy组建的篮球队。
Period 2 Kevin非常热爱篮球,每次投球的时候都非常兴奋,虽然总投不进去,但他一直努力练习,队友们被Kevin的坚持感动。
Period 3 Kevin和队友对篮球的热爱并没有让他们赢得比赛,在赛季结束时,他们不幸与第一名的球队比赛。Kevin所在的球队得分比对方落后很多,Kevin的队友坚持让Kevin投篮,希望他能实现自己投球得分的梦想。
续写方向 Para. 1 Every time Kevin's team had the ball, Kevin was to stand on his special spot near the free-throw line and they would give him the ball. ①Kevin投进球了吗 (结合下一段首句) ②Kevin感受如何
Para. 2 Kevin missed every chance with this pattern continuing a few more times, and the spectators(观众) finally figured out what was happening. ①观众做了什么 ②Kevin投进球了吗 ③Kevin感受如何
One possible version:
　　Every time Kevin's team had the ball, Kevin was to stand on his special spot near the free-throw line and they would give him the ball. Kevin skipped extra high as he went onto the court. His first shot bounced around but missed. The player from the other team swiped the ball and took it down to the other end scoring two more points. At that moment, clear tension and unease appeared on his face. But quickly he adjusted his mindset and got back into the game. As soon as Kevin's team had the ball again, they passed it to Kevin who stood on his spot. But he missed again.
　　Kevin missed every chance with this pattern continuing a few more times, and the spectators(观众) finally figured out what was happening. Little by little people started to stand up and clap their hands. The whole gymnasium thundered with the sound of clapping, hollers and chants of “Kevin! Kevin!” The whole world was stopped, waiting for Kevin. Finally, after an infinite number of tries, the ball took one miraculous bounce and went in. Kevin's arms shot high into the air and he shouted, “I won! I won!” The clock ticked away the last few seconds and the first-place team remained undefeated. But on that evening, everyone left the game truly feeling like a winner.
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