译林版选择性必修二Unit 1 高考真题练（含解析）

高考真题练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2020全国Ⅰ,C)
Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.
Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport's rules require that a race walker's knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact(接触) with the ground at all times. It's this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says. According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour.
However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.
As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner's knee, are uncommon among race walkers. But the sport's strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice.
1.Why are race walkers conditioned athletes
A.They must run long distances.　　　
B.They are qualified for the marathon.
C.They have to follow special rules.　　　
D.They are good at swinging their legs.
2.What advantage does race walking have over running
A.It's more popular at the Olympics.　　　
B.It's less challenging physically.
C.It's more effective in body building.　　　
D.It's less likely to cause knee injuries.
3.What is Dr. Norberg's suggestion for someone trying race walking
A.Getting experts' opinions.　　　B.Having a medical checkup.
C.Hiring an experienced coach.　　　D.Doing regular exercises.
4.Which word best describes the author's attitude to race walking
A.Skeptical.　　　B.Objective.　　　
C.Tolerant.　　　D.Conservative.
高考词汇站
派生/合成词汇
1.fit adj.健康的,健壮的→　　　　n.健康
2.attract v.吸引→　　　　adj.有吸引力的
3.assist v.帮助,援助→　　　　adj.副的
4.physical adj.身体的,物理学的→　　　　adv.身体上,肉体上
5.demand v.强烈要求;需要 n.需求,要求→　　　　adj.要求高的,需要高技能的
6.calculate v.计算,预测→　　　　n.计算;预测
7.common adj.常见的,普遍的;共同的→　　　　adj.不常见的
8.consider v.认为,考虑→　　　　adj.相当大的,相当重要的
9.caution n.小心,谨慎→　　　　adj.小心的,谨慎的　　　
10.checkup n.　　　　
熟词生义
11.condition vt.　　　　　　　12.pound v.　　　　
Ⅱ.七选五
(2019北京)
Much of the work in today's world is accomplished(完成) in teams. Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals. 　1　 Companies spend millions hiring top business people. Is their money well spent
　2　 They focused on football, basketball and baseball. The results are mixed. For football and basketball, adding talented players to a team proves a good method, but only up to the point where 70% of the players are top talent; above that level, the team's performance begins to decline. Interestingly, this trend isn't evident in baseball, where additional individual talent keeps improving the team's performance.
To explain this phenomenon, the researchers explored the degree to which a good performance by a team requires its members to coordinate(协调) their actions. 　3　 In baseball, the performance of individual players is less dependent on teammates. They conclude that when task interdependence is high, team performance will suffer when there is too much talent, while individual talent will have positive effects on team performance when task interdependence is lower. If a basketball star is, for example, trying to gain a high personal point total, he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate, affecting the team's performance. Young children learning to play team sports are often told,“There is no I in TEAM.” 　4　
Another possibility is that when there is a lot of talent on a team, some players may make less effort. Just as in a game of tug-of-war(拔河比赛), whenever a person is added, everyone else pulls the rope with less force.
　5　 An A-team may require a balance—not just A players, but a few generous B players as well.
A.It's not a simple matter to determine the nature of talent.
B.Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talent.
C.The group interaction and its effect drew the researchers' attention.
D.Stars apparently do not follow this basic principle of sportsmanship.
E.Several recent studies examined the role of talent in the sports world.
F.Building up a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent.
G.This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball.
1.　　　　 2.　　　　 3.　　　　 4.　　　　 5.　　　　
高考词汇站
派生/合成词汇
1.talent n.天赋→　　　　 adj.有天赋的
2.play v.玩耍,游戏→　　　　n.运动员,参赛选手
3.perform v.演出,表演;执行→　　　　n.表现;表演,演出
4.interest n.兴趣,关注 v.使感兴趣→interesting adj.有趣的,有吸引力的→　　　　 adv.有趣地
5.addition n.增加物,增加→　　　　adj.额外的,附加的
6.research v.& n.研究,调查→　　　　n.研究者
7.depend v.依靠,依赖→　　　　adj.依靠的,依赖的
8.possible adj.可能的→　　　　n.可能性
9.action n.行为,行动→　　　　n.互动,交流
10.apparent adj.显而易见的→　　　　adv.显而易见地
11.A-team n.　　　　　　　　12.sportsmanship n.　　　　
熟词生义
13.shot n.　　　
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2023新课标Ⅰ)
On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey should have 　1　 the course earlier than she did. Her 　2　 came because she was carrying a 　3　 across the finish line.
As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her 　4　 when a runner in front of her began crying in pain. She 　5　 to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue. Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with 　6　. She couldn't. Bailey then 　7　 to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get 　8　 attention.
Once there, Lenoue was 　9　 and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees. She would have struggled with extreme 　10　 to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey's help.
As for Bailey, she is more 　11　 about why her act is considered a big 　12　. “She was just crying. I couldn't 　13　 her,” Bailey told the reporter. “I feel like I was just doing the right thing.”
Although the two young women were strangers before the 　14　, they've since become friends. Neither won the race, but the 　15　 of human kindness won the day.
1.A.designed　　　B.followed　　　
C.changed　　　D.finished
2.A.delay　　　B.chance　　　C.trouble　　　D.excuse
3.A.judge　　　B.volunteer　　　
C.classmate　　　D.competitor
4.A.race　　　B.school　　　
C.town　　　D.training
5.A.agreed　　　B.returned　　　
C.stopped　　　D.promised
6.A.courage　　　B.aid　　　
C.patience　　　D.advice
7.A.went away　　　B.stood up　　　
C.stepped aside　　　D.bent down
8.A.medical　　　B.public　　　
C.constant　　　D.equal
9.A.interrupted　　　B.assessed　　　
C.identified　　　D.appreciated
10.A.hunger　　　B.pain　　　
C.cold　　　D.tiredness
11.A.worried　　　B.ashamed　　　
C.confused　　　D.discouraged
12.A.game　　　B.problem　　　
C.lesson　　　D.deal
13.A.leave　　　B.cure　　　
C.bother　　　D.understand
14.A.ride　　　B.test　　　C.meet　　　D.show
15.A.secret　　　B.display　　　
C.benefit　　　D.exchange
高考词汇站
派生/合成词汇
1.run v.跑 →　　　　n.跑步者
2.report v.报道→　　　　n.记者
3.strange adj.陌生的→　　　　n.陌生人
4.kind adj.和蔼的→　　　　n.仁慈,和蔼
5.shame n.羞耻,惭愧;让人遗憾的事→　　　　adj.羞耻的,惭愧的
6.confuse vt.使糊涂,使迷惑→　　　　adj.困惑的
7.discourage v.使灰心;劝阻→　　　　adj.泄气的,失去信心的
8.cross-country adj.　　　　　　　9.checkpoint n.　　　　
熟词生义
10.course n. 　　　　　　　11.meet n.　　　　　　　
12.display n.　　　　
Ⅳ.读后续写
(2022新高考Ⅰ)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was the day of the big cross-country run. Students from seven different primary schools in and around the small town were warming up and walking the route through thick evergreen forest.
I looked around and finally spotted David, who was standing by himself off to the side by a fence. He was small for ten years old. His usual big toothy smile was absent today. I walked over and asked him why he wasn't with the other children. He hesitated and then said he had decided not to run.
What was wrong He had worked so hard for this event!
I quickly searched the crowd for the school's coach and asked him what had happened. “I was afraid that kids from other schools would laugh at him,” he explained uncomfortably. “I gave him the choice to run or not, and let him decide.”
I bit back my frustration(懊恼). I knew the coach meant well—he thought he was doing the right thing. After making sure that David could run if he wanted, I turned to find him coming towards me, his small body rocking from side to side as he swung his feet forward.
David had a brain disease which prevented him from walking or running like other children, but at school his classmates thought of him as a regular kid. He always participated to the best of his ability in whatever they were doing. That was why none of the children thought it unusual that David had decided to join the cross-country team. It just took him longer—that's all. David had not missed a single practice, and although he always finished his run long after the other children, he did always finish. As a special education teacher at the school, I was familiar with the challenges David faced and was proud of his strong determination.
注意:续写词数应为150个左右。
　　We sat down next to each other, but David wouldn't look at me.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　I watched as David moved up to the starting line with the other runners.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
高考词汇站
派生/合成词汇
1.comfort n.舒服,舒适;安慰 v.安慰→comfortable adj.舒服的,舒适的→comfortably adv.舒服地,舒适地→　　　　adv.显得不安(或尴尬)地
2.able adj.能,能够→　　　　n.能力;才能
3.usual adj.通常的,寻常的→　　　　adj.特别的,不寻常的
4.educate v.教育;教导,训练→　　　　n.教育
5.determine v.决定;确定→　　　　n.决心,果断,坚定
6.evergreen adj.　　　
熟词生义
7.bite back　　　　　　　　8.rock v.　　　　　　　　
9.face v.　　　　
答案与分层梯度式解析
高考真题练
Ⅰ.◎语篇解读　本文为说明文。文章介绍了竞走运动的特点及其利弊。文章旨在培养学生了解运动,认识体育,积极、科学地参加体育活动的品质。
1.C　推理判断题。根据第二段第三句可知, 竞走这项运动要求竞走运动员在大部分摆动腿的过程中膝盖保持笔直,并且一只脚始终保持与地面接触。由此推断,他们不得不遵守特别的规则。故选C。
2.D　推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句可知, 一些与跑步有关的身体损伤,比如跑步者的膝盖损伤,在竞走者中并不常见。由此推断,竞走不太可能导致膝盖受伤。故选D。
3.A　推理判断题。根据最后一段第三句可知,Norberg 博士表示,任何一个想尝试竞走运动的人都要先向教练或有经验的竞走运动员学习正确的技巧。由此推断,Norberg 博士建议得到专家的建议。故选A。
4.B　推理判断题。通读文章可知,作者只是客观地介绍了竞走运动的特点以及优缺点,并没有表现自己的态度,因此,作者对竞走运动持客观态度。故选B。
【高考词汇站】　1.fitness　2.attractive　3.assistant
4.physically　5.demanding　6.calculation　7.uncommon
8.considerable　9.cautious　10.体检　11.训练;使习惯于
12.反复击打
长难句
原句　According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour.
分析　本句为主从复合句。两个which均引导非限制性定语从句,分别修饰先行词about 800 calories per hour和running;第二个as引导比较状语从句;although fewer than running是although引导的让步状语从句的省略形式。
译文　根据大多数计算,竞走者以每小时六英里的速度移动,每小时会燃烧约800卡路里,这大约是步行燃烧的卡路里的两倍,尽管比跑步要少,跑步每小时可能会燃烧约1,000卡路里或更多。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读　本文为议论文。本文主要讨论了一个团队是否需要很多有天赋的个人加入。文章有助于培养学生的思维品质。
1.B　细节句。设空处后的“Companies spend millions hiring top business people.”与本空为并列关系,两句均是对前一句中“gather a group of the most talented individuals”的分述,故答案为B项(体育团队的老板们花数百万美元吸引顶尖人才)。
2.E　主旨句。根据下文尤其是“They focused on football, basketball and baseball.”以及“The results”可知,答案为E项“最近的几项研究调查了人才在体育界中的作用”。
3.G　过渡句。本段主要说明了任务互依性在不同的运动项目中的作用以及对团队表现产生的影响,与G项中的“task interdependence”相对应,设空后第二句中的“task interdependence”是关键词。故答案为G项。
4.D　细节句。根据设空处前的“If a basketball star is, for example,...Young children learning to play team sports are often told, ‘There is no I in TEAM.’”可知,设空处将体育明星不能完全遵从团队协作的行为与孩子们对团队运动的认知进行对比,且设空处与上文中的“he may take a shot himself”在意义上相互呼应。故答案为D项(明星们显然不愿遵循体育精神的这个基本的原则)。
5.F　主旨句。根据设空处后的“An A-team may require a balance—not just A players...”可知答案为F项(建立一个理想的团队比仅仅雇用最好的人才更复杂)。
【高考词汇站】　1.talented　2.player　3.performance　4.interestingly　5.additional　6.researcher　7.dependent
8.possibility　9.interaction　10.apparently　11.最佳运动队,甲队　
12.体育精神　13.击球,射门,投篮
长难句
原句　If a basketball star is, for example, trying to gain a high personal point total, he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate, affecting the team's performance.
分析　该句是主从复合句。If引导条件状语从句,when引导时间状语从句,affecting the team's performance为现在分词短语作状语。
译文　例如,如果一个篮球明星想要获得一个高的个人总分,当最好是把球传给队友时,他可能会自己投篮,这会影响球队的表现。
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了越野赛跑运动员Melanie Bailey在比赛中将受伤的运动员Danielle Lenoue背至终点然后就医的故事。
1.D　考查动词。the course指代上句提到的cross-country race,用finished符合语境。A.设计;B.跟随;C.改变;D.完成,结束。
2.A　考查名词。根据上句“should have finished the course earlier than she did”可推知,此处用delay。A.延迟,耽搁;B.机会,冒险;C.麻烦;D.借口。
3.D　考查名词。根据下文中“help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue”可推知,Melanie Bailey背的是一名参赛者。A.法官,裁判;B.志愿者;C.同学;D.竞争对手,参赛者。
4.A　考查名词。根据第一段中“competed in a cross-country race”可知,此处选race。A.比赛;B.学校;C.城镇;D.训练。
5.C　考查动词。根据下句中“took her arm”和常识可推知,她停下来帮助Danielle Lenoue。A.同意;B.返回;C.停止,停下;D.许诺。
6.B　考查名词。句意:Bailey拉着她的胳膊,看她是否可以在帮助下往前走。根据句意和常识可知,此处选aid。A.勇气;B.帮助;C.耐心;D.建议。
7.D　考查动词短语。根据上句“She couldn't.”和常识可推断出,此空选bent down。A.走开,离开;B.起立,站起来;C.靠边,让位;D.弯腰,蹲下。
8.A　考查形容词。根据上文“crying in pain”和“She couldn't.”并结合常识,可推知Lenoue受伤了,应该接受医疗救治。A.医疗的;B.公共的;C.连续发生的;D.相同的,平等的。
9.B　考查动词。结合句意并根据常识可知,在医疗救助站Lenoue首先被评估了一下伤情,然后才被送往医院。A.打断;B.评估,评定;C.确认,鉴定(身份或职业);D.欣赏,感激。
10.B　考查名词。根据上文“she had serious injuries in one of her knees”可推知,Lenoue走路时会极度痛苦。A.饥饿;B.痛苦;C.寒冷;D.疲劳。
11.C　考查形容词。根据下文“I feel like I was just doing the right thing.(我觉得我当时只是做了正确的事。)”可知,Bailey更困惑的是为什么她的行为被认为是一件大事。A.担忧的;B.羞愧的;C.困惑的;D.气馁的。
12.D　考查名词。根据本句中“act”和下文的“the right thing”可推知,此处填deal, a big deal意为“一件非常重要的事,一件了不起的事”。
13.A　考查动词。根据当时的情况并结合句意可知,Bailey觉得她不能撇下受伤的参赛者。A.撇下;B.治愈;C.费心,打扰;D.理解。
14.C　考查名词。根据第一段中“a cross-country race”可知,她们是在这场越野赛中认识的。A.(骑马、骑车、乘车的)旅程;B.测验,检验;C.体育比赛;D.演出,展览。
15.B　考查名词。根据上文Bailey救助陌生参赛者的这种善举可知,这是人类善良的展现。A.秘密;B.显示,表露;C.优势,益处;D.交换,交流。
【高考词汇站】　1.runner　2.reporter　3.stranger
4.kindness　5.ashamed　6.confused　7.discouraged
8.越野的　9.检查站　10.赛道　11.体育比赛,运动会
12.(特性、情感或能力的)显示,表露
长难句
原句　Once there, Lenoue was assessed and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees.
分析　本句是主从复合句。Once there属于状语从句的省略,完整形式是“Once she was there”。另外,本句中where引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词hospital;在定语从句中that引导的宾语从句作learned的宾语。
译文　一到那里,Lenoue就接受了评估,随后被送往医院,在那里她得知她的一个膝盖受伤严重。
Ⅳ.◎语篇解读　本题设置的情境是一名残疾学生坚持参加越野比赛。本试题设置了考生相对熟悉、但较为复杂的语篇和语境,要求考生分析篇章情节脉络,发挥独立思考能力,展开合理想象,运用英语词汇、语法等基础写作知识和能力。本题在加强语言表达能力考查的同时,引导学生在语言学习过程中注重辨析语言和文化中的具体现象,梳理和概括信息,从自己的视角正确评判周围事物和不同观念,创造性地表达自己的观点和想法。
写作指导
1.人称:以第一人称和第三人称为主
2.时态:以一般过去时为主
3.故事要素:
When the day of the big cross-country run
Where the running route through thick evergreen forest
Who I, David, the school's coach
What I encouraged David to gather the courage to take part in the cross-country run.
　　4.情节走向:
越野赛场上,运动员们在积极热身→我发现David独自一人闷闷不乐,因为他决定不参加比赛了→经过了解,我发现David因为怕别人笑话,所以才不想参加越野赛。但是,平日里他训练刻苦,虽然比别人慢,但是他都能坚持完成训练,没有人觉得他“与众不同”,我也深知David训练过程中遇到的困难,我为他坚强的毅力感到骄傲→我为他加油鼓劲儿,David重拾勇气→他又重新站在了起跑线上。
5.所给段落开头语:
We sat down next to each other, but David wouldn't look at me.
根据续写第一段首句“我们挨着对方坐了下来,但是David不愿意看我”可以得知,在续写第一段中应描写我如何劝说和鼓励David改变主意,参加比赛。
I watched as David moved up to the starting line with the other runners.
根据续写第二段首句“我看着David和其他选手一起走到了起跑线上”可以得知,David改变了主意,决定参加比赛。续写第二段应着重描写看到David重新参赛时我的心理活动以及David的场上表现。
One possible version:
We sat down next to each other ,but David wouldn't look at me. We two sat in silence and only rays of light filtered through the forest. Suddenly, a loud whistle shattered the silence. “I know what you want to say,” David whispered, with his head hanging down, “but I don't want to be laughed at.” Without pausing for thought, I replied, “Believe in yourself, my boy. Your determination and perseverance give us great courage. It's time for you to show others your strengths and we're proud of you.” David looked up at me, tears welling up in his eyes. He staggered to his feet without hesitation.
I watched as David moved up to the starting line with the other runners. A rush of inspiration swept over me. I was deeply convinced that if he wanted, he could run. Although his small body rocked from side to side as he swung his feet forward slowly, his performance was as outstanding as others'. When the judge blew the starting whistle, I spotted his usual big toothy smile.
【高考词汇站】　1.uncomfortably　2.ability　3.unusual
4.education　5.determination　6.常青的　7.忍住不说出某事;不流露情感　8.轻轻摇晃,缓缓摆动　9.面临
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