译林版选择性必修二Unit 3 Part 2 Grammar and usage & Integrated skills分层练习（含解析）

Part 2　Grammar and usage & Integrated skills
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.She is 　　　　(外向的)and easy to get along with, so her classmates elected her monitor.
2.Greta called on all the members to participate in the activity to 　　　　 (解决) climate change.
3.Derby is a cute little　　　　(残疾的) dog.
4.If you get up early, try not to d　　　　 anyone else, for they're sleeping.
Ⅱ.单元语法专练
题型(一)
1.These scientists　　　　　 (work) at the project for nearly four years, and I don't know how long it will last.
2.—I am sorry I 　　　　　(keep) you waiting so long.
—It is all right.I 　　　　　(read) the newspapers.
3.—It is the first time that I　　　　　(participate) in the project.
—Don't worry. It's a bit difficult at first but you'll make it.
4.China's high-speed railways 　　　　　(grow) from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.
5.MacBike 　　　　　(be) around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam.
6.Over the years, John 　　　　　 (take) on many big jobs.
7.And to answer your question, life 　　　　　 (treat) me excellently.
8.Over 28 states 　　　　　 (pass) laws related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use.
题型(二)
1.整个上午我一直在打乒乓球,所以我浑身是汗。
I 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　all morning, so I'm sweating.
2.自从我们上高中以来,他已经教我们三年英语了。
He　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 English for three years since we entered senior high school.
3.你知道,我找了三个月的工作了,但我一直不走运。
You know, I 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　, but I haven't had any luck.
4.在过去10年里,拥有汽车的人数有所增加。
The number of people who own a car 　　　　 　　　　 in the past 10 years.
5.中国有两千多年的造纸历史。
The Chinese　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 paper for over two thousand years.
6.五年以来霍莉一直在学跳舞。
Holly 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 dancing since five years ago.
7.我一直在写一本关于如何把汉语成语译成英语的书。
I　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 a book about how to translate Chinese idioms into English.
8.她已经抱怨一个小时了,到现在还没停下来。
She　　　　 　　　　 　　　　for an hour and still doesn't stop now.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Like every dog, every disease now seems to have its day. World Tuberculosis (结核病) Day falls on March 24th.
Tuberculosis(TB) was once terribly fashionable. Dying of “consumption” seemed to have been a favorite activity of 19th-century artists, which has, however, been neglected later. Researchers in the field never tire of pointing out that TB kills a lot of people. According to figures released earlier this week by the World Health Organization, 1.6 million people died of the disease in 2005, compared with about 3m for AIDS and 1m for malaria. But it receives only a fraction of the research budget devoted to AIDS. America's National Institutes of Health, for example, spends 20 times as much on AIDS as on TB. Nevertheless, everyone seems to be getting in on the TB-day act this year.
The Global Fund, an international organization specializing in fighting all three diseases but best known for its work on AIDS, claims that its anti-TB activities since 2002 have saved the lives of over 1m people. The World Health Organization has issued a report that contains some good news. Although the number of TB cases is still rising, the rate of illness is growing only because the population itself is going up.
Even drug companies are involved. Eli Lilly announced a $50m boost to its MDRTB Global Partnership. MDR stands for multi-drug resistance, and it is one of the reasons why TB is back in the spotlight. Careless treatment has caused drug-resistant problems to evolve all over the world. The course of drugs needed to clear the disease completely takes six months, and persuading people to stay that course once their symptoms have gone is hard. Unfortunately, those infected with MDR have to be treated with less effective, more poisonous and more costly drugs.
Another reason TB is back is its relationship to AIDS. AIDS does not kill directly. Rather, HIV weakens the body's immune system and exposes the sufferer to secondary infections. Of these, TB is one of the most serious. Some anti-TB drugs interfere with the effect of some anti-HIV drugs. Conversely, in about 20% of cases where a patient has both diseases, anti-HIV drugs make the tuberculosis worse. The upshot is that 125 years after human beings worked out what caused TB, it is still a serious threat.
1.What does the first sentence “Like every dog, every disease now seems to have its day.” mean
A.Every dog enjoys good luck or success sooner or later.
B.Human beings can deal with problems caused by disease.
C.Tuberculosis becomes a serious infectious disease.
D.People attach importance to tuberculosis recently.
2.By referring to AIDS in Paragraph 2, what does the author intend to show
A.The US government is reluctant to spend millions of dollars on tuberculosis.
B.The death rate of AIDS is higher than that of tuberculosis.
C.The authorities don't pay much attention to the research of tuberculosis.
D.Compared with AIDS, tuberculosis can be cured effectively.
3.Which of the following best defines the underlined word “upshot” in Paragraph 5
A.Consequence.　　　B.Reason.　　　C.Achievement.　　　D.Project.
4.Which of the following proverbs is closest in meaning to the message the passage tries to tell us
A.Forgive and forget.
B.Forgotten, but not gone.
C.When the wound is healed, the pain is forgotten.
D.Every dog is brave at his own door.
Ⅱ.七选五
The human brain is the command centre for the nervous system and enables thoughts, memory, movement, and emotions.
　1　 As the population ages, the challenges of the preservation of brain health increase. It is therefore vital for seniors to understand how to protect it.
Exercise regularly. Regular physical exercise tends to help fight against the natural reduction in brain connections that occurs during aging. Multiple findings show that physically active people are less likely to experience a decline in their mental function and have a lower risk of developing brain disease. 　2　
Have a “right” nap. Having a nap after lunch can be good for your brain and many seniors have developed such a good habit for long.　3　 While a 30-min to 90-min nap has brain benefits, anything longer than an hour and a half may create problems with cognition, the ability to think and form memories.
　4　 Your brain is similar to a muscle—you need to use it or lose it. There are many things that you can go to great lengths to do to keep your brain in shape, such as doing crossword puzzles, reading, or playing cards. You can also learn something new such as musical instruments, drawing, or even digital bine different types of activities to increase the effectiveness.
Eat a Mediterranean diet. Findings evidence people who closely follow a Mediterranean diet are less likely to have brain disease than people who don't follow the diet. 　5　 However, we at least know that omega fatty acids found in olive oil and other healthy fats are vital for your cells to function correctly.
A.Stay mentally active.
B.Explore new interests if possible.
C.But keep in mind that the length matters.
D.Your diet plays a large role in your brain health.
E.The benefits result from increased blood circulation.
F.Maintaining a healthy brain is the primary goal of pursuing health.
G.Further research is needed to decide which parts of the diet help the brain the most.
1.　　　　 2.　　　　 3.　　　　 4.　　　　 5.　　　　
Ⅲ.完形填空
Taking care of yourself is not being selfish. By caring enough to　1　 your body well, you will be in 　2　 shape to take care of those around you. No one can take care of your health except yourself.
Believe in yourself and your　3　. Have a can-do attitude. Make a list of successful switches that you have made in the past. It is easier to
　4　 a goal when you are 　5　. Use humor and laugh off occasional lapses(过失). Have confidence that you can get back on track with your healthy 　6　.
Seek out a friend or co-worker who will make you feel comfortable. You will find out　7　friends is a happy thing in the world. Regular phone calls, emails or visits over coffee could help you keep good relations with them. Slowly your cheerleader could become your exercise buddy(伙伴).
　8　 yourself as you make simple changes that ultimately will 　9　 in achieving your overall goal. Celebration is part of successful change. Create a list of incentives(鼓励) that will keep you motivated.
Adopt eating and physical activity habits that can become part of your　10　. Have a backup plan 　11　 those days when your plans to eat well and be active are challenged. If you can't walk 　12　 the weather, have an exercise video to use. If you have no time to pack a healthy lunch, choose a small fast food sandwich and side salad.
Go on a　13　. Work and family are the two most fundamental things in people's lives. People try to tackle the two things at once, 　14　 most of them fail. Just as an old saying goes: People who know how to rest 　15　 how to work. Go out with your family and have a good time.
1.A.see　　　B.take
C.use　　　D.treat
2.A.better　　　B.worse
C.bigger　　　D.smaller
3.A.body　　　B.attitude
C.ability　　　D.eyes
4.A.check　　　B.discover
C.achieve　　　D.declare
5.A.optional　　　B.particular
C.dynamic　　　D.optimistic
6.A.work　　　B.routine
C.face　　　D.sight
7.A.taking　　　B.making
C.sharing　　　D.playing
8.A.Reward　　　B.Pick
C.Pass　　　D.Instruct
9.A.introduce　　　B.gain
C.find　　　D.result
10.A.family　　　B.friendship
C.object　　　D.lifestyle
11.A.to　　　B.on
C.for　　　D.outside
12.A.out of　　　B.due to
C.away from　　　D.on to
13.A.trip　　　B.talk
C.story 　　　D.meeting
14.A.and　　　B.but
C.because　　　D.though
15.A.study　　　B.accept
C.know　　　D.discuss
答案与分层梯度式解析
Unit 3　Fit for life
Part 2　Grammar and usage &
Integrated skills
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.outgoing　2.tackle　3.disabled　4.disturb
Ⅱ.题型(一)
1.have been working　考查时态。根据for nearly four years及and后的语境可知,work表示的动作从过去一直持续到现在并且有可能继续进行下去,故用现在完成进行时。
2.have kept;have been reading　考查时态。根据语境可知,第一个空keep表示的动作已经完成且对现在造成影响,故用现在完成时;第二个空read表示的动作从过去开始一直持续到现在,故用现在完成进行时。
3.have participated　考查时态。句意:——这是我第一次参与这个项目。——别担心。起初会有点难,但你会做到的。此处考查“it is the first/second/...time that...”句型,从句应用现在完成时。
4.have grown　考查时态。句意:中国的高速铁路在过去几年里从9,000千米增长到25,000千米。根据句意和句中的in the past few years可知,句子应用现在完成时,故填have grown。
5.has been　考查时态和主谓一致。句意:MacBike已存在了近三十年,它是阿姆斯特丹最大的自行车租赁公司。根据时间状语for almost 30 years可知,句子应用现在完成时,主语为MacBike,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式,故填has been。
6.has taken　考查时态和主谓一致。句意:多年来,约翰从事了很多重大的工作。根据时间状语Over the years可知,句子应用现在完成时,主语为John,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式,故填has taken。
7.has been treating　考查时态和主谓一致。 句意:现在回答你的问题,生活一直都在善待我。句中的treat这个动作从过去持续到现在,并且可能会继续进行下去。由此可知,句子应用现在完成进行时,主语为life,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式,故填has been treating。
8.have passed　考查时态。句意:超过二十八个州已经通过了与保护传粉者栖息地和杀虫剂使用相关的法律。根据句意可知,句子应用现在完成时,故填have passed。
题型(二)
1.have been playing ping-pong　2.has been teaching us　3.have been looking for a job for three months
4.has increased　5.have been making　6.has been learning　7.have been writing　8.has been complaining
能力提升练
Ⅰ.◎语篇解读　本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了结核病重新受到重视的原因和艾滋病与结核病之间的关系,并强调了预防和治疗结核病的重要性。
1.D　句意猜测题。根据文章第二段中的“Nevertheless, everyone seems to be getting in on the TB-day act this year.”和第四段中的“MDR stands for multi-drug resistance, and it is one of the reasons why TB is back in the spotlight.”可推测,文章第一句话的意思是“现在人们又开始重新重视结核病”。
2.C　推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“But it receives only a fraction of the research budget devoted to AIDS. America's National Institutes of Health, for example, spends 20 times as much on AIDS as on TB.”可推知,通过在第二段中提到艾滋病,作者想说明与结核病的研究相比,当局更重视艾滋病的研究,即当局对结核病的研究不太关注。故选C。
3.A　词义猜测题。根据画线单词上文“Some anti-TB drugs interfere with the effect of some anti-HIV drugs. Conversely, in about 20% of cases where a patient has both diseases, anti-HIV drugs make the tuberculosis worse”可知,抗艾滋病病毒药物会让结核病恶化。根据画线单词后的“125 years after human beings worked out what caused TB, it is still a serious threat”可知,结核病现在仍然是个严重的威胁。所以画线单词的意思是“结果”。故选A。
4.B　推理判断题。根据文章第二段第一句“Tuberculosis(TB) was once terribly fashionable.”和最后一段最后一句“The upshot is that 125 years after human beings worked out what caused TB, it is still a serious threat.”和全文其他内容可知,结核病曾经很猖獗,后来人类找到了治愈它的方法,而这些年由于各种原因,结核病又重新受到重视。由此推知,“被遗忘,但没有消失”最接近这篇文章试图告诉我们的信息。故选B。
【高频词汇】　1.neglect v.忽略,忽视,不予重视;疏忽　2.release v.发布;放走;松开　3.compared with...与……相比　4.international adj.国际的　5.contain v.包含;抑制;防止……蔓延(或恶化)　6.stand for 代表
7.evolve v.逐渐形成,逐步发展;进化
【熟词生义】　1.consumption n.肺结核　2.issue v.发表
【差距词汇】　1.fraction n.小部分,少量　2.get in on 参加(活动)　3.resistance n.抵抗力;反抗;抵制　4.in the spotlight受到瞩目　5.interfere with妨碍,干扰
6.conversely adv.相反地,反过来
长难句
原句　The Global Fund, an international organization specializing in fighting all three diseases but best known for its work on AIDS, claims that its anti-TB activities since 2002 have saved the lives of over 1m people.
分析　该句为主从复合句。“an international organization”是“The Global Fund”的同位语,“specializing in fighting... AIDS”是organization的后置定语,that引导宾语从句。
译文　全球基金是一个国际组织,专门抗击这三种疾病,但最著名的是它在艾滋病方面的工作。该组织声称,自2002年以来,它的抗结核病活动已经挽救了一百多万人的生命。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章提出了一些保持大脑健康的小措施。
1.F　下文“As the population ages, the challenges of the preservation of brain health increase. It is therefore vital for seniors to understand how to protect it.”指出,保护大脑健康至关重要,推测其原因应该是大脑健康对人们而言很重要。选项F“Maintaining a healthy brain is the primary goal of pursuing health. (保持大脑健康是追求健康的首要目标。)”与下文联系紧密,符合语境。故选F项。
2.E　上文“Multiple findings show that physically active people are less likely to experience a decline in their mental function and have a lower risk of developing brain disease.”指出,身体活跃的人患脑部疾病的风险较低。选项E“The benefits result from increased blood circulation. (这些好处来源于血液循环的增加。)”与上文构成因果关系,符合语境。故选E项。
3.C　上文“Having a nap after lunch can be good for your brain and many seniors have developed such a good habit for long.”指出,午休对大脑健康有好处;下文“While a 30-min to 90-min nap has brain benefits, anything longer than an hour and a half may create problems with cognition, the ability to think and form memories.”指出,虽然午睡好,但是超过一个半小时的午睡会导致认知方面的问题,这说明午睡虽然重要,但要注意时长。选项C“But keep in mind that the length matters. (但请记住,时长很重要。)”符合语境。故选C项。
4.A　下文“Your brain is similar to a muscle—you need to use it or lose it. There are many things that you can go to great lengths to do to keep your brain in shape, such as doing crossword puzzles, reading, or playing cards.”指出,大脑也需要通过填字游戏等活动保持活跃,而大脑活跃就是一种精神层面的活跃。选项A“Stay mentally active. (保持精神活跃。)”与下文联系紧密,符合语境。故选A项。
5.G　下文“However, we at least know that omega fatty acids found in olive oil and other healthy fats are vital for your cells to function correctly.”指出了一些已知的对大脑健康有好处的食物。选项G“Further research is needed to decide which parts of the diet help the brain the most. (需要进一步的研究来确定饮食中哪些部分对大脑的帮助最大。)”与下文存在转折关系,符合语境。故选G项。
【高频词汇】　1.challenge n.挑战 v.向(某人)挑战;对……怀疑　2.vital adj.必不可少的,对……极重要的
3.multiple adj.数量多的,多种多样的　4.experience v.经历;感受 n.经历;体验　5.decline n.衰退;下降 v.衰退;下降;谢绝　6.function n.功能,作用 v.起作用,正常工作　7.benefit n.益处,优势,成效　8.digital device电子设备
【熟词生义】　1.age v.变老　2.develop v.患(病)
【差距词汇】　1.preservation n.保持;保护　2.reduction n.减少;减价　3.cognition n.认知,感知,认识
长难句
原句　Findings evidence people who closely follow a Mediterranean diet are less likely to have brain disease than people who don't follow the diet.
分析　该句为主从复合句。主句的主语是Findings,主句的谓语动词是evidence,people who closely...don't follow the diet是省略that的宾语从句。其中,有两个定语从句,people是先行词,who closely follow a Mediterranean diet和who don't follow the diet都是who引导的限制性定语从句。
译文　研究结果表明,与不遵循地中海饮食的人相比,那些密切遵循地中海饮食的人不太可能患脑部疾病。
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章提出了几条保持健康生活方式的建议,分别是照顾好自己的身体、相信自己的能力、和让自己感觉舒服的人交朋友、学会奖励自己、让饮食和锻炼成为自己生活习惯的一部分以及和家人多出去旅行。
1.D　考查动词词义辨析。句意:足够努力地照顾好自己的身体,你就能拥有更好的状态来照顾周围的那些人。根据上文“Taking care of yourself is not being selfish.”和下文“your body well”可知,要好好对待你的身体。故选D。
2.A　考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。根据上文“your body well”和下文“take care of those around you”以及常识可知,照顾好自己,你就能更好地照顾身边的人。故选A。
3.C　考查名词词义辨析。句意:相信你自己和你的能力。根据“Have a can-do attitude.”可知,要相信自己的能力。故选C。
4.C　考查动词词义辨析。句意:当你乐观时,更容易实现目标。根据“a goal”可知,此处表示“实现目标”。故选C。
5.D　考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。根据上文“Believe in yourself and your 　3　. Have a can-do attitude.”可知,相信自己的能力,保持乐观,这样更容易实现目标。故选D。
6.B　考查名词词义辨析。句意:要有信心,你可以回到你健康的日常生活轨道上。根据上文“Use humor and laugh off occasional lapses(过失).”可知,在有了过失之后,要有信心回到常规的生活轨道。故选B。
7.B　考查动词词义辨析。句意:你会发现交朋友是世界上一件快乐的事情。根据上文“Seek out a friend or co-worker who will make you feel comfortable.(找一个让你感觉舒服的朋友或同事。)”可知,此处说明交朋友是件快乐的事情。make friends“交朋友”。故选B。
8.A　考查动词词义辨析。句意:当你做了一些简单的改变,这些改变最终会促使实现你的总体目标时,奖励自己。根据下文“Celebration is part of successful change.”可知,有了简单的改变也要奖励自己。故选A。
9.D　考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。根据下文“achieving your overall goal”可知应填result,短语result in“导致;结果是”,说明这些变化最终会导致目标的实现。故选D。
10.D　考查名词词义辨析。句意:养成可以成为你生活方式的一部分的饮食和体育活动习惯。根据上文“eating and physical activity habits”可知,饮食和体育活动习惯是生活方式。故选D。
11.C　考查介词词义辨析。根据下文“those days when your plans to eat well and be active are challenged”可知,当好好吃饭和运动计划受到挑战时,要有备用计划。a plan for为固定搭配。故选C。
12.B　考查介词短语辨析。句意:如果你因为天气不能散步,要有一个可用的运动视频。根据上文“If you can't walk”可知,此处说的是因为天气不能出去散步。故选B。
13.A　考查名词词义辨析。句意:进行一次旅行。根据下文“Go out with your family and have a good time.”可知,此处是建议进行一次旅行。故选A。
14.B　考查连词词义辨析。句意:人们试图同时解决这两件事,但大多数人都失败了。上文提到“人们试图同时解决这两件事”,下文提到“大多数人都失败了”,上下文之间是转折关系,需用表示转折的连词but连接。故选B。
15.C　考查动词词义辨析。句意:正如一句老话所说:知道如何休息的人知道如何工作。根据上文“People try to tackle the two things at once,　14　 most of them fail.”可知,人们不能同时解决这两件事,知道如何休息才能知道如何工作。故选C。
【高频词汇】　1.successful adj.成功的　2.achieve v.实现;达成　3.motivated adj.有积极性的　4.adopt v.采用,采取;收养　5.optimistic adj.乐观的
【熟词生义】　at once同时
【差距词汇】　1.laugh off一笑置之,付之一笑(尤指用笑话摆脱)　2.occasional adj.偶尔的　3.back on track重新步入正确轨道;恢复正常　4.backup n.备用物(如设备、计划)
20