译林版选择性必修二Unit 3 Part 3 Extended reading, Project, Assessment & Further study分层练习（含解析）

Part 3　Extended reading, Project, Assessment & Further study
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.You can persuade yourself with your choice if you're not careful, and if you do, it'll probably 　　　　(滥用) your choices.
2.He turned to the forest 　　　　(部门) for help but was told that nothing would grow there.
3.Researchers in many areas have projected the 　　　　(广泛的) collapse as “a credible scenario (情景) this century”.
Ⅱ.一词多义
A.v.撤离　B.v.停止提供　C.v.退出 D.v.脱离(社会),不与人交往
1.A back injury forced her to withdraw from the volleyball game.　　　
2.The people in the building withdrew in time from the big fire.　　　
3.After his mother died, he began to withdraw into himself.　　　
4.The drug was withdrawn from sale due to its false advertising.　　　
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1.According to the expert,the vase has a history dating back 　　　　　 the early Tang Dynasty.
2.The child's chair was low. The teacher adjusted it 　　　　　 the height where he could see the blackboard.
3.There are several theories accounting for these 　　　　　(phenomenon) which are reflected in the picture.
4.And I applied with the same　　　　　 (anxiety) excitement as before.
5.Afterwards, with more trees cut down, the environment they lived in was 　　　　　(severe) damaged gradually.
6.The new labs are 　　　　　 with advanced 　　　　　, which motivates us students to study hard to achieve our goals.(equip)
7.It is bad manners to laugh at 　　　　　 people. Most of us may end up in 　　　　　 one day.(disable)
8.There is growing evidence 　　　　　 staying up late has a serious impact on people's health.
9.Now that she is out of work, Lucy　　　　　 (consider) going back to school, but she hasn't decided yet.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.花太多的时间在网上是不健康的,并且让人很难集中精力在生活中的其他事情上。(it作形式宾语)
Spending too much time online is unhealthy and 　　　　 　　　
　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 on other things in life.
2.重要的是,你每天应该留出一些时间做运动,这样你才能保持精力充沛。(what引导主语从句,so that)
　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　that you should set aside some time every day for sports 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 yourself energetic.
3.要不是这次经历,珍妮就不会意识到丈夫有多爱她。(虚拟语气)
But for this experience, Jenny　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 how much her husband loved her.
4.He lowered his head, and guilt spread across his face.(句式升级,独立主格结构)
→He lowered his head, 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　
　　　　.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
One of the most famous Chinese medical 　1　(treat) is Chinese acupuncture, 　2　(date) from the Stone Age. As acupuncture developed, nine different kinds of needles appeared, which 　3　(have) different shapes. The majority of acupuncturists now use stainless steel needles. They push needles into the skin at certain points on the body 　4　(call) acupuncture points. So far, more than 360 acupuncture points 　5　(identify), each linked to a different part of the body. Over the years, not only has acupuncture been used to treat physical and 　6　(mentally) problems, but it has also been applied to treat people 　7　 abuse alcohol, tobacco or drugs. 　8　 it is not clear how acupuncture actually works, it is 　9　 fact that acupuncture has become very popular. Today,it has come into widespread use around the world as a symbol of traditional Chinese culture. While doubts about its safety have 　10　(gradual) disappeared, interest continues to grow.
1.　　　　 2.　　　　 3.　　　　 4.　　　　 5.　　　　
6.　　　　 7.　　　　 8.　　　　 9.　　　　 10.　　　　
Ⅱ.语法填空
The buzzwords “brittle college students(脆皮大学生)” 　1　(go) viral on the Internet recently with growing concerns over a severe decline in the physical health of Chinese college students.
The relevant hashtag (标签) “brittle college students” has exploded on social media, with a large number of comments 　2　(share) experiences of college students who have suffered unexpected and funny injuries. “I just stretched a bit 　3　 my neck got twisted,” said one student with an 　4　(embarrass) smile, when he was interviewed.
The term refers　5　 the new generation of college students generally suffering from many physical problems. “Brittle”, 　6　 literally means tender and fragile, has been used by netizens to 　7　(joke) describe how easily college students can get injured and anxious.
The “2020 China University Students Health Survey Report”　8　(publish) by China Youth Daily likewise pointed out that unhealthy lifestyle is 　9　 main factor. College students spend too much time on smartphones and many stay up late playing games. All of these contribute to health 　10　(issue).
1.　　　　 2.　　　　 3.　　　　 4.　　　　 5.　　　　
6.　　　　 7.　　　　 8.　　　　 9.　　　　 10.　　　　
Ⅲ.阅读理解
Empathy and generosity are two qualities that arguably make the world go round. But a study suggests that the willingness to help crashes when people get too little sleep.
To prove it, researchers conducted three experiments designed to examine the issue from the individual to the societal scale.
In the first experiment, researchers performed functional magnetic resonance (磁共振) imaging scans of the brain and questioned 24 adults after an eight-hour-sleep night and after a sleepless night. When they rested well, the participants scored well on a helping behavior test. But after sleep loss, 78 percent had less of a desire to help others, even when it came to friends and family. The scans showed that areas of the brains associated with social cognition—our thought processes related to other people—were less active with sleep loss.
The second experiment tracked 136 healthy adults over four nights and asked them questions about helping the following day. The effect held for them, too.
To test the effects on a societal level, the researchers then looked at a database of 3 million charitable donations given between 2001 and 2016. They found that immediately following the beginning of daylight saving time (DST夏令时)—a notorious sleep disrupter—donations dropped by 10 percent. The effect wasn't found in data from Hawaii or Arizona. However, neither observe DST.
Why bother studying how helpful people are when they don't get enough shut-eye “We're starting to see more studies, where the effects of sleep loss don't just stop at the individual, but extend to those around us,” said Eti Ben Simon, a scientist who co-wrote the study, in a news release. “If you're not getting enough sleep, it not only hurts your own well-being, but hurts that of your entire social circle, including strangers.”
There's a silver lining to all that ungenerous behavior. The researchers write: Unlike personal qualities, sleep can be switched—and both getting enough sleep and helping others do the same might make for a better world.
1.On which level were the first two experiments made
A.The world level.　　　B.The individual level.
C.The societal level.　　　D.The family level.
2.What can we learn about the experiments from the text
A.The sleep quality determined people's desire to help.
B.Our brains would become inactive for lack of sleep.
C.The first two experiments' results were the same.
D.DST influenced the donations in all examined areas.
3.Why do researchers bother to conduct such a study according to Eti Ben Simon
A.Because they want to solve the sleep loss problem.
B.Because they want more people to donate money.
C.Because sleep loss has greater impacts than we assume.
D.Because it will prevent people from hurting their well-being.
4.Which is the most suitable title for the text
A.Scientists Found Solid Evidence for Sleep Loss
B.Two Significant Qualities—Empathy and Generosity
C.A Sound Sleep Contributes to a Better Person
D.Too Little Sleep Makes People Less Generous
Ⅳ.七选五
There is an old saying, “　1　” Until recently, few people took the saying seriously. Now, however, doctors have begun to look into laughter and the effects it has on the human body. 　2　
Tests were carried out to study the effects of laughter on the body. People watched funny films while doctors examined their hearts, blood pressure, breathing and muscles. It was identified that laughter has similar effects to physical exercise. 　3　 If laughter exercises the body, it must be beneficial.
Other tests have shown that laughter appears to be able to reduce the effect of pain on the body. In one experiment doctors produced pain in groups of students who listened to different radio programs. The group that tolerated the pain for the longest time was the group which listened to a funny program.　4　
　5　 They have found that even if their patients do not really feel like laughing, making them smile is enough to produce beneficial effects similar to those caused by laughter.
A.Laughter can prolong one's life.
B.As a result of these discoveries, some doctors in the United States now hold laughter clinics in which they help to improve their patients' condition by encouraging them to laugh.
C.The reason why laughter can reduce pain seems to be that it helps to produce a kind of chemical in the brain which diminishes both stress and pain.
D.It increases blood pressure, the heart beating and breathing; it also works several groups of muscles in the face, the stomach and even the feet.
E.Although laughter helps cure the disease, doctors still cannot put this theory into clinic practice.
F.Laughter is the best medicine.
G.They have found that laughter really can improve people's health.
1.　　　　 2.　　　　 3.　　　　 4.　　　　 5.　　　　
Ⅴ.读后续写
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
One night, Ryder saw his mother Annie crying and learned she could no longer afford her last chemotherapy (化疗). He broke his piggy bank and offered her all his savings. Although it touched Annie's heart, she told him it wasn't enough. Ryder was so disappointed and hurried to the washroom to cry alone. It hurt him terribly to see his mother, who had long hair, was now bald (秃头的).
In an attempt to emotionally support her, Ryder shaved his head.“Oh my God, Ryder!” Annie cried after seeing him. She was moved by what her son had done by sacrificing his hair. “Mom, I am with you in this way. And you are not alone,” Ryder cried along, knowing little he would be laughed at by his friends the next day.
A school fair had been organized in the playground, and many people, including parents, were gathering around the stalls (摊位).“Hey, look!Someone in our class has lost all his hair!” Ryder's friends laughed when he arrived.
Ryder shyly covered his head in a hat. He was carrying two bags stuffed with some of his favorite toys, books, and recycled craft items he intended to sell at the fair.
As time passed, things were quickly getting sold in all the other stalls except Ryder's. He didn't find time to put up a fancy display or banner (横幅) to attract buyers. But he was determined to make a sale for his mother. So he took out a pen and a giant piece of paper and created a sign that read: Help My Mom Fight Cancer.
“Please help me. I shaved my head to support my mother. But all are making fun of me without understanding me. And I have to sell these items and help her with some money. Please don't let me down,” he shouted. The fair was about to end, and fortunately, Ryder had managed to successfully sell most of his items.
注意:续写词数应为150个左右。
He was about to leave when his three friends surrounded him.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　“Ryder, please take this as well.” He heard a parent calling him.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
答案与分层梯度式解析
Unit 3　Fit for life
Part 3　Extended reading, Project,
Assessment & Further study
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.abuse　2.department　3.widespread
Ⅱ.1.C　句意:背部受伤迫使她退出排球比赛。
2.A　句意:楼里的人及时从大火中撤离了。
3.D　句意:他母亲死后,他开始变得不爱与人交往了。
4.B　句意:由于这种药物虚假的广告宣传,它被停止销售。
Ⅲ.1.to　考查介词。date back to为固定搭配,意为“追溯到……”,故填to。
2.to　考查介词。此处表示根据高度调整椅子,adjust...to...根据……调整……,故填to。
3.phenomena　考查名词复数。phenomenon是可数名词,根据these可知,应用复数形式,故填phenomena。
4.anxious　考查形容词。设空处修饰后面的名词excitement,应用形容词,故填anxious。
5.severely　考查副词。设空处修饰谓语was damaged,应用副词形式,故填severely。
6.equipped;equipment　考查过去分词和名词。be equipped with为固定搭配,意为“配备有……”,故第一空填equipped;第二空由形容词advanced修饰,应填名词,equipment是不可数名词,故填equipment。
7.disabled;disability　考查形容词和名词。第一空修饰名词people,应用形容词,故填disabled;第二空作end up in的宾语,故用名词disability。
8.that　考查同位语从句。句意:越来越多的证据表明,熬夜对人们的健康有严重的影响。由句意可知,此处为同位语从句,设空处后的句子结构、意思完整,由此可知此处应用that引导同位语从句。故填that。
易错归因　　本句中的同位语从句容易被误认为是定语从句,从而造成that和which的混用。
9.has been considering　考查动词的时态。根据“but she hasn't decided yet”可知,Lucy考虑回校这一动作从过去开始一直持续到现在,故用现在完成进行时。
Ⅳ.1.makes it difficult for people to focus　2.What is important is; so that you can keep　3.wouldn't have realized　4.guilt spreading across his face
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.treatments　考查名词及其单复数。根据“One of the+形容词最高级+名词复数”结构可知,设空处应用可数名词复数,表示“最著名的中医疗法之一”,故填treatments。
2.dating　考查现在分词。设空处在句中作状语,动词短语date from与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系,应用现在分词。故填dating。
3.had　考查时态。根据上下文语境可知,此处叙述过去发生的事情,所以which引导的定语从句用一般过去时。故填had。
4.called　考查过去分词。设空处作定语,修饰其前的名词points,动词call与所修饰词之间是被动关系,故用过去分词形式,故填called。
5.have been identified　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语So far可知应用现在完成时,且identify与主语之间是被动关系,故用现在完成时的被动语态。主语为名词复数,故谓语动词用复数形式,故填have been identified。
6.mental　考查形容词。空前and连接两个并列的成分,physical为形容词,故此处应填形容词mental。
7.who/that　考查定语从句。设空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词people,关系词在从句中作主语,故填who或that。
8.While/Though/Although　考查连词。分析句子可知,此处为状语从句,与主句意思上形成让步关系,故填While或Though或Although。
9.a　考查冠词。fact在文中是首次出现,故此处用不定冠词,泛指“一个事实”。
10.gradually　考查副词。设空处修饰have disappeared,应用副词形式,故填gradually。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了“脆皮大学生”这一流行语在网上疯传,揭示了中国大学生身体素质严重下降的问题。
1.have gone　考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子可知,设空处作句子的谓语,时间状语为recently,句子应用现在完成时,且主语buzzwords为复数,助动词应用have。故填have gone。
2.sharing　考查非谓语动词。根据“with a large number of comments”可推知,此处是with的复合结构,设空处为宾语补足语,share“分享”和comments“评论”构成逻辑上的主动关系,因此应用share的现在分词形式。故填sharing。
3.but　考查连词。前面表示“我只是伸了一下”,侧重动作的轻微,后面表示“我的脖子扭了”,侧重结果的严重,前后语义构成转折,因此设空处应用表示转折的并列连词but。
4.embarrassed　考查形容词。分析句子可知,设空处作smile的定语,且描述的是人的表情,因此应用-ed结尾的形容词embarrassed,意为“尴尬的”。
5.to　考查介词。根据“refers”可推知,此处用固定短语refer to,意为“指的是”,因此设空处应用介词to。
6.which　考查定语从句。分析句子可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,对先行词Brittle作补充说明,关系词在从句中作主语,因此应用关系代词which。
7.jokingly　考查副词。分析句子可知,设空处修饰动词describe,因此应用副词jokingly,意为“开玩笑地”。
8.published　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,设空处作前面名词短语的后置定语,应用非谓语动词,publish与所修饰词之间是被动关系,且动作已完成,因此应用publish的过去分词形式。故填published。
9.a　考查冠词。分析句子可知,设空处表示泛指,意为“一个”,应用不定冠词,且main的发音以辅音音素开头,因此应用a。
10.issues　考查名词复数。分析句子可知,空前没有限定词,因此可数名词issue应用复数形式。故填issues。
【高频词汇】　1.go viral 快速传播　2.unexpected adj.出乎意料的,始料不及的　3.embarrass v.使尴尬　4.suffer from遭受　5.contribute to导致　6.issue n.问题,担忧;重要议题;发行;期号
【差距词汇】　1.buzzword n.流行语　2.literally adv.按字面,字面上;确实地　3.fragile adj.虚弱的;脆弱的;易碎的　4.netizen n.网民　5.likewise adv.同样地;也,还
长难句
原句　The relevant hashtag “brittle college students” has exploded on social media, with a large number of comments sharing experiences of college students who have suffered unexpected and funny injuries.
分析　本句是一个主从复合句。with复合结构作状语,who引导定语从句,修饰先行词college students。
译文　“脆皮大学生”相关标签在社交媒体上爆火,大量评论分享了大学生意外且滑稽受伤的经历。
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究报告,表明当人们睡眠太少时,帮助别人的意愿就会崩溃,并介绍了研究开展的过程以及睡眠的重要性。
1.B　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“In the first experiment, researchers performed functional magnetic resonance (磁共振) imaging scans of the brain and questioned 24 adults after an eight-hour-sleep night and after a sleepless night.”和第四段第一句“The second experiment tracked 136 healthy adults over four nights and asked them questions about helping the following day.”可知,前两个实验是在个人层面上进行的。故选B。
2.C　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“The scans showed that areas of the brains associated with social cognition—our thought processes related to other people—were less active with sleep loss.”和第四段最后一句“The effect held for them, too.”可知,前两个实验的结果是一样的。故选C。
易错归因　　本题容易误选B,B选项的意思是“我们的大脑会因为缺乏睡眠变得不活跃”,但第三段最后一句的意思为“扫描检查表明大脑中与社会认知相关的区域——我们与他人相关的思维过程——在睡眠不足的情况下变得不那么活跃”,B选项曲解文意。
3.C　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“‘We're starting to see more studies, where the effects of sleep loss don't just stop at the individual, but extend to those around us,’ said Eti Ben Simon, a scientist who co-wrote the study, in a news release. ‘If you're not getting enough sleep, it not only hurts your own well-being, but hurts that of your entire social circle, including strangers.’”可知,根据Eti Ben Simon说的话可知,研究人员进行这样的研究是因为睡眠不足的影响比我们认为的要大。故选C。
4.D　主旨大意题。根据第一段“Empathy and generosity are two qualities that arguably make the world go round. But a study suggests that the willingness to help crashes when people get too little sleep.”并结合文章主要介绍的一项研究“当人们睡眠太少时,帮助别人的意愿就会崩溃”可知,D选项“睡眠太少会让人不够慷慨”最适合作为文章标题。故选D。
【高频词汇】　1.generosity n.大方,慷慨,宽宏大量
2.conduct v.实施,组织,安排,执行;指挥;带领
3.design v.设计;计划;制造 n.设计,安排;构思;打算,目的　4.individual n.个人 adj.单独的,个别的;一个人的;独特的　5.perform v.做,履行,执行;表演　6.when it comes to当谈到……时　7.be associated with与……有联系　8.bother doing/to do sth.花费时间做某事
【差距词汇】　1.arguably adv.按理,可论证地
2.societal adj.社会的,关于社会的　3.cognition n.认知,感知,认识　4.charitable donation慈善捐赠
5.notorious adj.声名狼藉的,臭名昭著的　6.disrupter n.破坏者　7.silver lining (不幸或不快中的)一线希望
长难句
原句　“We're starting to see more studies, where the effects of sleep loss don't just stop at the individual, but extend to those around us,” said Eti Ben Simon, a scientist who co-wrote the study, in a news release.
分析　where引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是studies,表示抽象的地点,a scientist是同位语,who co-wrote the study是定语从句,修饰先行词scientist。
译文　“我们开始看到更多的研究表明睡眠不足的影响不仅局限于个人,还会影响到我们周围的人。”该研究的合著者兼科学家Eti Ben Simon在一份新闻稿中说。
Ⅳ.◎语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一句谚语:笑是最好的药。最近科学家开始研究笑和人的身体之间的关系,发现笑和体育运动一样,可以让人变得更健康。
1.F　前文提及这是一个谚语,可缩小选择范围,考虑选A或F。再由第一段中的“Now, however, doctors have begun to look into laughter and the effects it has on the human body.”以及后面所有内容都围绕笑对人类身体健康的影响,并没有提及笑对延长生命的影响可知,F选项符合文意。故选F。
2.G　由上文“Now, however, doctors have begun to look into laughter and the effects it has on the human body.”可知,G选项“他们已经发现笑真的能改善人们的健康”承接上文,符合语境。故选G。
3.D　由上文“Tests were carried out to study the effects of laughter on the body. People watched funny films while doctors examined their hearts, blood pressure, breathing and muscles. It was identified that laughter has similar effects to physical exercise.”可知,设空处承接上文,继续说明研究人员发现的笑对身体健康的具体影响,D选项符合语境。故选D。
4.C　根据前文“The group that tolerated the pain for the longest time was the group which listened to a funny program.”可知,设空处解释笑为什么会缓解疼痛,C选项“笑之所以能减轻疼痛,似乎是因为它有助于在大脑中产生一种化学物质,这种化学物质能减轻压力和疼痛”符合语境。故选C。
5.B　根据后文“They have found that even if their patients do not really feel like laughing, making them smile is enough to produce beneficial effects similar to those caused by laughter.”可知,设空处要说明医生通过让病人笑来起到治疗的效果。故选B。
【高频词汇】　1.take...seriously 认真对待……
2.similar adj.类似的,相像的,相仿的　3.beneficial adj.有益的,有利的,有用的　4.experiment n.实验,试验 v.做试验　5.produce v.使产生,引起;培养;生产
6.discovery n.发现,发觉;被发现的事物(或真相、人)
【熟词生义】　work v.使工作
【差距词汇】　1.prolong v.延长　2.diminish v.(使)减弱;降低;减少
长难句
原句　The group that tolerated the pain for the longest time was the group which listened to a funny program.
分析　该句为主从复合句。句子主干为The group was the group, that tolerated the pain for the longest time 是that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词The group,that在从句中作主语;which listened to a funny program是which引导的定语从句,修饰先行词the group,which在从句中作主语。
译文　忍受疼痛时间最长的小组就是听有趣节目的那组。
Ⅴ.
写作指导
情节线 情感线
时间 某天晚上,学校集市开放时
地点 家,学校集市
人物 Ryder,Ryder的妈妈Annie,Ryder的朋友以及他们的父母
开端 Ryder看见妈妈因支付不起化疗费用而哭泣,他打破自己的存钱罐,取出了所有的存款给妈妈。这个举动让妈妈很感动,但妈妈告诉他这些钱不够。 失望, 悲伤 果敢 害羞, 坚定 焦急 感动/ 失望
发展 Ryder看到妈妈因为化疗而失去了美丽的长发,为了支持妈妈,他把自己的头发剃光,并在学校组织的集市上卖东西为妈妈挣化疗费。集市快结束时,他卖掉了大部分东西。
Para. 1 He was about to leave when his three friends surrounded him.
①Ryder被朋友围着,会有什么反应 ②他的朋友做了什么 ③他的朋友为什么那样做
Para. 2 “Ryder, please take this as well.” He heard a parent calling him.
①朋友的父母给了Ryder什么 ②Ryder筹集到救治妈妈的钱了吗
One possible version:
He was about to leave when his three friends surrounded him. “Not now, guys. I'm leaving. Quit it,” he begged.He thought they came to laugh at him again, but to his surprise, they took off their hats, and their heads were shaved clean.“WHAT Why did you guys shave your heads ”Ryder was startled. “What's going on ” As it turned out, the boys saw his sign about his mother, and they were moved by it. They felt guilty about making fun of him.
“Ryder,please take this as well.”He heard a parent calling him.He turned around and saw a group of his friends' parents approaching him.They contributed more money, and Ryder had approximately $11,000 with him in no time.He was so moved and thanked everyone for their heartwarming act.“Don't thank us, Ryder. We should thank you for helping us realize our mistake.A person is not to be judged by appearance.Thanks for helping us understand that even a small act of kindness can make a huge difference to someone's life.”
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