译林版选择性必修二Unit 4 Part 2 Grammar and usage & Integrated skills分层练习（含解析）

Part 2　Grammar and usage & Integrated skills
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.If your pumpkin is too far gone to save, 　　　　(埋藏) it in your backyard—your garden will be all the happier for it.
2.Baggy wears a pollution 　　　　(监测器) on her collar so she can take data measurements close to the ground.
3.Our cultural performances were the 　　　　 (最好的部分) of the day and charmed the audience.
4.Drivers currently face a penalty(惩罚) of six points on their driving　　　　 (执照) for running a red light.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.The temperature tomorrow will abnormally decrease 　　　　　 fifteen degrees below zero.
2.In 　　　　　(conclude), positive thinking is a powerful and effective tool for dealing with hard times and improving the quality of one's life.
3.His　　　　　(predict) about slowing population growth, mobile phones and increasing height were close to the mark.
4.There is no 　　　　　(deny) that protecting the environment is of great importance.
5.These animals consume large quantities of vegetation, which 　　　　　(reduce) plant diversity in the park.
Ⅲ.单元语法专练
题型(一)
Now we　1　 (sit) in our classroom and 　2　 (listen) to our teacher. This time tomorrow we 　3　 (sit) in the cinema, watching a film. On Saturday there 　4　 (be) no class, so at that time we 　5　(do) other things.
1.　　　　　 2.　　　　　 3.　　　　　
4.　　　　　 5.　　　　　
题型(二)
1.不要在12:30到13:00之间给我打电话。那时我将正在睡午觉。
Don't call me between 12:30 and 13:00.I　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 an afternoon nap then.
2.霍莉依依不舍地挥手告别,说:“明年暑假,我再来拜访你们。”
Holly was reluctant to wave goodbye, saying, “I　　　　 　　　　　　　　 next summer vacation.”(读后续写—动作描写)
3.明天下午1:30到4:30,我将正待在瀑布酒店。
I　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 the Waterfall Hotel from 1:30 to 4:30 tomorrow afternoon.
4.托尼内心十分忐忑,猜想:“等下会发生什么呢 ”
Tony had butterflies in his stomach, wondering, “　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 next ”(读后续写—心理描写)
5.下周的这个时候,我将在度假。我可能会正躺在沙滩上。
This time next week, I'll be on vacation. Probably I 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 on the beach.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Inspired by the effortless way humans handle objects without seeing them, a team led by engineers at the University of California, San Diego, has developed a new approach that enables a robotic hand to rotate(旋转) objects solely through touch, without relying on vision.
Using their technique, the researchers built a robotic hand that can smoothly rotate a wide variety of objects, from small toys, cans to even fruits and vegetables, without bruising or damaging them. The robotic hand accomplished these tasks using only information based on touch. The work could aid in the development of robots that can manipulate objects in the dark.
To build their system, the researchers attached 16 touch sensors to the palm and fingers of a four-fingered robotic hand. Each sensor costs about $12 and serves a simple function:to detect whether an object is touching it or not.
What makes this approach unique is that it relies on many low-cost touch sensors that use simple, binary(二进制的) signals—touch or no touch—to perform robotic in-hand rotation. These sensors are spread over a large area of the robotic hand. This contrasts with a variety of other approaches that rely on a few high-cost touch sensors affixed to a small area of the robotic hand, primarily at the fingertips.
The researchers then tested their system on the real-life robotic hand with objects that the system has not yet encountered. The robotic hand was able to rotate a variety of objects without stalling or losing its hold. The objects included a tomato, pepper, a can of peanut butter and a toy rubber duck, which was the most challenging object due to its shape.
The researchers are now working to extend their approach to more complex manipulation tasks. They are currently developing techniques to enable robotic hands to catch, throw and juggle objects, for example. “If we can give robots this skill, that will open the door to the kinds of tasks they can perform,” said one of the researchers.
1.What does the underlined word “manipulate” probably mean
A.Remove.　　　B.Control.　　　C.Recognize.　　　D.Distribute.
2.What can we know about the touch sensors of the robotic hand
A.They are quite expensive.　　　B.They are mainly at its fingertips.
C.They perform complex tasks.　　　D.They cover most of its area.
3.Why is the toy rubber duck difficult for a robotic hand to rotate
A.It's never been seen by robots.　　　B.It has an unusual shape.
C.It has a unique smell.　　　D.It can damage robots.
4.What are researchers probably focusing on at present
A.Upgrading robotic hand skills.　　　
B.Diversifying robotic hand shapes.
C.Developing more new research tasks.　　　
D.Seeking new ways to develop robots.
Ⅱ.七选五
3D-Printed Violins
While professional violinists often have instruments that cost between $2000 and $10,000, it is possible to have one that costs millions depending on how it is and who makes it. 　1　 This can make it hard for many to access the instrument, especially for beginners and music classrooms.
However, the good news for them is that they will meet with low-cost and durable(耐用的) 3D-printed violins thanks to the Acoustical Society of America's AVIVA Young Artists Program. The team's inspiration roots in multiple places. Their goals are to explore the new world of sounds created by using new materials, to use the breakthrough technology of other fields, and to make music education accessible through the printing of more durable instruments. 　2　 The method of distribution has yet to be decided—it could involve shipping fully printed violins, sharing the 3D-printing files with makers, or a combination of both.
　3　 The neck and fingerboard are printed in smooth ABS plastic to provide a comfortable grasp for the musicians, while the violin's body is made of a plastic polymer substance, much like a typical acoustic(原声的) violin. The highlight of the outcome is a violin that sounds darker and softer than traditionally built violins. 　4　
“The next step is to lower the expense of production for making such instruments more widely available, especially in the field of education,” said Mary-Elizabeth Brown, director of the AVIVA Young Artists Program. Violins are not the only instruments that are produced through 3D-printing technology. 　5　 Effective results have been obtained from many of them.
A.Besides, the AVIVA violin is less damaged than its traditional wooden cousins.
B.3D-printed violins have been popular with beginners since they were invented.
C.The violin is built in two pieces using 3D printing.
D.The project also aims to provide violins for children that can't otherwise afford them.
E.Indeed, even basic violins for students often cost $1,000 or more.
F.Many instruments have been produced with a 3D printer before.
G.Most students have to give up learning the instrument due to the high cost.
1.　　　　 2.　　　　 3.　　　　 4.　　　　 5.　　　　
Ⅲ.完形填空
I log on at the doctor's office to say I have arrived and then wait until a voice calls me into the examination room. There, a robotic nurse　1　 me onto the scale and then takes my blood pressure. Some time later, in steps the 　2　, who is also a robot. He notes down my 　3　 and gives me a prescription. I pay for my visit using a credit card and return home without having met another human being. This is my nightmarish vision of the 　4　, which at least hasn't happened yet. I should say I do like many aspects of 　5　. I enjoy the 　6　 brought by the air conditioning in summer and heaters in winter. But I am writing this because I don't want machines to 　7　.
When I call my dentist's office and actually get a human being on the line, I am　8　. And when I see the introduction of yet more self-service checkout stations at the grocery store, I feel like shouting, “When it comes to cashiers, make mine a(n) 　9　, please!”
After all, human cashiers sometimes give a store discount coupon to you for items you are　10　. Even more than that, real-life cashiers often take an interest in particularly cute children, which can 　11　 young mothers' day. A cashier may also show sympathy for an elderly person 　12　 to get that last penny out of his purse.
Machines can be　13　 and cost-effective and they often get the job done just fine. 　14　, they lack an element so important in everyday life.
Call it the spirit, the soul or the heart. It is something no machine will ever have. It is human beings that 　15　 us to smile at others, which may be what they need at that moment.
1.A.tears　　　B.directs
C.follows　　　D.separates
2.A.victim　　　B.lawyer
C.doctor　　　D.engineer
3.A.signals　　　B.symbols
C.sculptures　　　D.symptoms
4.A.past　　　B.present
C.future　　　D.history
5.A.finance　　　B.agriculture
C.literature　　　D.technology
6.A.expense　　　B.view
C.status　　　D.comfort
7.A.take over　　　B.pass by
C.cut in　　　D.go away
8.A.annoyed　　　B.thrilled
C.discouraged　　　D.worried
9.A.machine　　　B.human
C.animal　　　D.plant
10.A.ruining　　　B.manufacturing
C.advertising　　　D.purchasing
11.A.brighten　　　B.darken
C.strengthen　　　D.widen
12.A.turning　　　B.happening
C.describing　　　D.struggling
13.A.urgent　　　B.efficient
C.frequent　　　D.consistent
14.A.However　　　B.Moreover
C.Otherwise　　　D.Therefore
15.A.encourage 　　　B.order
C.punish　　　D.force
答案与分层梯度式解析
Unit 4　Living with technology
Part 2　Grammar and usage &
Integrated skills
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.bury　2.monitor　3.highlight　4.licence(s)/license(s)
Ⅱ.1.to　考查介词。decrease to表示“下降到”;decrease by表示“下降了”。根据空后的fifteen degrees below zero可知,填to符合语境。
2.conclusion　考查固定短语。in conclusion是固定短语,意为“总之”。故填conclusion。
3.predictions　考查名词及其单复数。根据设空处前的代词His和设空处后的介词about可知,设空处应用名词,prediction意为“预测”,谓语动词为were,主语应用复数。故填predictions。
4.denying　考查固定句式。there is no denying that...为固定句式,意为“不可否认……”。故填denying。
5.reduces　考查主谓一致。which引导非限制性定语从句,指代主句内容,谓语动词应用单数。故填reduces。
Ⅲ.题型(一)
1.are sitting　2.listening　3.will be sitting　4.will be　5.will be doing
题型(二)
1.will be taking/having　2.will visit you　3.will be staying at　4.What will happen　5.will be lying
能力提升练
Ⅰ.◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了加州大学圣地亚哥分校的工程师团队开发了一种新方法,使机械手仅通过触摸来旋转物体,而不依赖视觉,这可能有助于开发能够在黑暗中操纵物体的机器人。
1.B　词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句“Using their technique, the researchers built a robotic hand that can smoothly rotate a wide variety of objects, from small toys, cans to even fruits and vegetables, without bruising or damaging them.”可知,这种机械手可以平稳地旋转各种物体且不会损坏物体,再结合画线词所在句“The work could aid in the development of robots that can manipulate objects in the dark.”可推测出,manipulate表示“操控,控制”,与control的意思最接近。故选B。
2.D　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“To build their system, the researchers attached 16 touch sensors to the palm and fingers of a four-fingered robotic hand.”和第四段第二句“These sensors are spread over a large area of the robotic hand.”可知,传感器覆盖了机械手的大部分区域。故选D。
3.B　细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句“The objects included a tomato, pepper, a can of peanut butter and a toy rubber duck, which was the most challenging object due to its shape.”可知,玩具橡皮鸭特殊的形状使得机械手很难旋转它。故选B。
4.A　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的前两句“The researchers are now working to extend their approach to more complex manipulation tasks. They are currently developing techniques to enable robotic hands to catch, throw and juggle objects, for example.”可知,研究者正在集中精力升级机械手的操控技能。故选A。
【高频词汇】　1.a wide variety of各种各样的 　2.detect v.探测;发现;查明;侦察出　3.challenging adj.有挑战性的　4.extend v.延伸;扩大　5.complex adj.复杂的　6.currently adv.当前
【熟词生义】　can n.金属罐
【差距词汇】　1.bruise v.擦伤;撞伤　2.affix v.粘上;贴上;附上
长难句
原句　Inspired by the effortless way humans handle objects without seeing them, a team led by engineers at the University of California, San Diego, has developed a new approach that enables a robotic hand to rotate objects solely through touch, without relying on vision.
分析　本句是主从复合句。“Inspired by the effortless way humans handle objects without seeing them”是过去分词短语作原因状语,其逻辑主语是a team,“humans handle objects without seeing them”是省略了that的定语从句,修饰先行词way,“led by engineers at the University of California, San Diego”是过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰a team。 “that enables a robotic hand to rotate objects solely through touch, without relying on vision”是关系代词that引导的限制性定语从句,修饰先行词a new approach。
译文　受人类不用看就能拿物体的轻松方式的启发,加州大学圣地亚哥分校的工程师们领导的一个团队研发了一种新方法,使机械手仅通过触觉就能旋转物体,而不依赖视觉。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了用3D技术打印小提琴。
1.E　前文介绍了小提琴的价格有可能非常高,后文介绍了前面所述情况让许多人难以接触到小提琴。由此可知,设空处应承上启下,介绍小提琴的昂贵,E项“事实上,即使是针对学生的最基本的小提琴往往也要花费1,000美元甚至更多。”符合题意。故选E。
2.D　前文介绍了该组织的目标,设空处应承接上文,D项“该项目还旨在为那些买不起小提琴的孩子提供小提琴。”符合题意,介绍了该组织的另一个目标。故选D。
3.C　后文介绍了琴颈和指板、琴身分别使用的材料,C项“这款小提琴是用3D打印技术分两部分制成的。”引出下文,选项C中的“two pieces”对应下文中的“The neck and fingerboard”和“the violin's body”。故选C。
4.A　前文介绍了用3D打印技术打印出来的小提琴与常规小提琴之间的区别,此处应承接上文,介绍二者的其他区别,A项“此外,AVIVA小提琴比传统的木制小提琴更不易损坏。”符合题意。故选A。
5.F　前文提到用3D打印技术生产的乐器并不止小提琴,设空处应承接上文,介绍还有其他乐器被打印,F项“之前有许多乐器都是用3D打印机生产的。”符合题意。故选F。
【高频词汇】　1.professional adj.职业的,专业的
2.access v.使用,访问　3.thanks to多亏　4.inspiration n.灵感;鼓舞人心的人(或事物)　5.multiple adj.多种多样的,数量多的　6.combination n.结合体;联合
7.production n.生产,制造;产量　8.obtain v.(尤指经努力)获得,赢得
【熟词生义】　1.ship v.上市;把……推向市场　2.lower v.降低
长难句
原句　While professional violinists often have instruments that cost between $2000 and $10,000, it is possible to have one that costs millions depending on how it is and who makes it.
分析　本句是主从复合句。While引导让步状语从句,其中that引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词instruments。主句是“it is+形容词+to do...”句型,其中it是形式主语,不定式短语to have one作真正的主语,后面的that引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词one;how 和who都引导宾语从句,由and连接,作depending on的宾语。
译文　虽然专业小提琴家通常拥有价值在两千美元到一万美元之间的乐器,但也有可能拥有价值数百万美元的乐器,这取决于它的质量怎么样和制作者是谁。
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文。文中作者想象了未来机器人接管一切的场景,感觉是噩梦。作者认为机器人虽然效率高,成本低,而且常常能很好地完成工作,但它们缺少人类才有的灵魂。
1.B　考查动词词义辨析。A.tears撕开;B.directs指引;C.follows跟随;D.separates分开。根据后文“me onto the scale”可知,此处指机器人护士指引作者去称体重,然后给他量血压。故选B。
2.C　考查名词词义辨析。A.victim受害者;B.lawyer律师; C.doctor医生;D.engineer工程师。由后文“gives me a prescription”可知,是“医生”才会开药方。故选C。
3.D　考查名词词义辨析。A.signals信号;B.symbols象征,符号;C.sculptures雕塑;D.symptoms症状。根据上文“examination room”和下文“gives me a prescription”可知,作者去体检,医生在记下作者症状后才给作者开药方。故选D。
4.C　考查名词词义辨析。A.past过去;B.present现在;C.future将来;D.history历史。根据下文“which at least hasn't happened yet”可知,还没有发生的是未来,因此此处是说对未来的想象。故选C。
5.D　考查名词词义辨析。A.finance财务;B.agriculture农业;C.literature文学;D.technology科技。后文中“the air conditioning”和“heaters”列举了作者喜欢空调和加热器,即现代技术。故选D。
6.D　考查名词词义辨析。A.expense费用;B.view观点,看法;C.status地位;D.comfort舒适。根据下文“the air conditioning in summer and heaters in winter”和常识可知,夏天的空调和冬天的加热器都会给人带来舒适。故选D。
7.A　考查动词短语辨析。A.take over接管;B.pass by经过;C.cut in插嘴;D.go away走开。根据后文“After all, human cashiers sometimes give a store discount coupon to you”可知,作者觉得人类收银员更好,所以作者不想机器接管日常生活的一切。故选A。
8.B　考查形容词词义辨析。A.annoyed恼怒的;B.thrilled激动的;C.discouraged沮丧的;D.worried担心的。上文“I don't want machines to take over”提到作者不想机器人接管一切,所以当电话是人类接听的时候,作者显得很激动。故选B。
9.B　考查名词词义辨析。A.machine机器;B.human人类;C.animal动物;D.plant植物。根据下文“After all, human cashiers sometimes give a store discount coupon”可知,作者觉得人类收银员更好,所以希望人类给自己结账。故选B。
10.D　考查动词词义辨析。由前文“items”和“discount coupon”可知,因为你“买了”一些东西,所以才会给优惠券。故选D。
11.A　考查动词词义辨析。A.brighten(使)增添乐趣;B.darken变黑;C.strengthen加强;D.widen拓宽。结合上文“real-life cashiers often take an interest in particularly cute children”可知,人类收银员喜欢可爱的孩子,这可以让年轻妈妈们开心一整天。故选A。
12.D　考查动词词义辨析。根据后文“to get that last penny out of his purse”可知,老人挣扎着从钱包里拿出最后一便士。故选D。
13.B　考查形容词词义辨析。A.urgent紧急的;B.efficient效率高的;C.frequent频繁的;D.consistent一致的。对应后文“and cost-effective”,指机器效率高,成本低。故选B。
14.A　考查副词词义辨析。A.However然而;B.Moreover另外;C.Otherwise否则;D.Therefore因此。上文“cost-effective and they often get the job done just fine”提到了机器的好处,后文“they lack an element so important in everyday life”则说它们缺少重要元素,前后为转折关系,应用However。故选A。
15.A　考查动词词义辨析。A.encourage鼓励;B.order命令;C.punish惩罚;D.force强迫。结合上文“Call it the spirit, the soul or the heart.”及语境可知,人类有情感,在需要的时候会“鼓励”人们对别人微笑。故选A。
【高频词汇】　1.aspect n.方面,层面　2.introduction n.初次投入使用,引进,推行　3.when it comes to当提及……　4.discount n.折扣　5.particularly adv.特别,尤其
6.show sympathy for...对……表示同情　7.symptom n.症状;征兆
【熟词生义】　1.scale n.秤,磅秤　2.note down 记录,记下
【差距词汇】　1.prescription n.处方,药方
2.nightmarish adj.噩梦似的　3.cost-effective adj.划算的,有最佳利润的　4.manufacture v.(用机器)大量生产,成批制造
长难句
原句　It is human beings that encourage us to smile at others, which may be what they need at that moment.
分析　本句是主从复合句。主句“It is human beings that encourage us to smile at others”是强调句型,其中human beings是被强调部分。which引导非限制性定语从句;what引导表语从句。
译文　是人类鼓励我们对别人微笑,这也许就是那时他们所需要的。
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