Unit 2 Be sporty, be healthy单元精讲精练课件-译林版必修第二册

(共50张PPT)
高频词汇精讲
高频词汇 情境破
词汇 1 assume vt.假定,认为;承担(责任),就(职);呈现,显露
Most people assume that regular exercise does wonders for the body and mind...大多数人认为定
期锻炼对身心有奇效…… (教材P16)
情景导学
We assume that when it comes to brain power, more must be better.我们认为,当谈到脑力时,越
多一定就越好。
We assumed him to be a spy until his words proved to be true.我们假定他是间谍,直到他的话被
证实是真的。
It's long been assumed that human ancestors were smarter than the Neanderthals.长期以来,人
们一直认为人类祖先比尼安德特人更聪明。 (2020北京)
用法归纳
①assume (that)...假定/认为……
②It is assumed that...(人们)认为……
③assume sb./sth. 　　 ...认为某人/某物是……
词汇拓展
①assuming conj.假设……为真;假如
assuming (that)...假设……
Even assuming that smokers do see the health warnings, I doubt whether they'll take any no-
tice.即使假设吸烟者确实看到了健康警告,我怀疑他们是否会注意。 (写作·健康)
to be
②assumption n.假定;假设;担任;(权力的)获得
on the assumption that...假定……
make the assumption that...假设……
make assumptions about...对……作出假设
People make the assumption that if someone important and respected says that something is
right, then it must be so.人们假设,如果某个重要的、受人尊敬的人说某件事是对的,那么这件
事就一定是对的。
It has also been proven that active people tend to have better immune systems and are at lower
risk of diseases.事实也证明,定期运动的人往往会有更好的免疫系统,患病的风险较低。(教材
P16)
情景导学
Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate.有些人倾向于高估,有些人倾
向于低估。 (2023新课标Ⅰ)
People who sleep in the foetal position tend towards worry and anxiety.胎儿式睡姿的人有焦虑
不安的倾向。 (China Daily)
A team of medical workers were sent to tend (to) the survivors of the earthquake.一队医务工作
者被派去照料地震的幸存者。
词汇 2 tend v.往往会;趋向;照看,照料,护理
用法归纳
①tend 　　 sth.倾向于做某事,往往会做某事
②tend (to) sb./sth.照料/护理某人/某物
③tend to/　　 ...倾向于/趋于……
词汇拓展
tendency n.倾向;趋势
have a tendency to do sth.有做某事的倾向/趋势
It is reported that housing prices have a tendency to decrease in some cities.据报道,房价在一
些城市有下降的趋势。
to do
towards
Working out can help you reduce stress and get over negative feelings.锻炼身体可以帮助你减
轻压力,克服消极情绪。(教材P16)
情景导学
After vaccination, the death rate was reduced to 0.14 percent.接种疫苗后,死亡率降到了0.1
4%。
With their parents passing away, they were reduced to begging in the streets.由于他们的父母去
世了,他们沦落到沿街乞讨。
When he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds surrounding the mountain tops, he
was reduced to tears.当他看到河中升起的薄雾和山顶周围柔软的云时,他流泪了。 (2020全
国Ⅲ)
词汇 3 reduce vt.减少,缩小;使陷入;迫使
用法归纳
①be reduced 　　 ...减少到……
②be reduced by...减少了……
③be reduced 　　 (doing) sth.陷入某种境地;沦落到做某事
词汇拓展
reduction n.减少;降低;缩小
Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error.不知何故,这
些论据和推理导致了错误的全面减少。 (2023新课标Ⅰ)
to　
to
Flexibility training, including gymnastics and tai chi, helps stretch your muscles and improve
your body's range of movement.柔韧性训练,包括体操和太极拳,有助于舒展肌肉,增大肢体
活动范围。 (教材P17)
情景导学
Quality teaching is one of the most important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes.高
质量的教学是广泛的大学成果的最重要的预测因素之一。(2023北京)
The price of the house is so high that it is outside our price range.这所房子的价格太高,超出了
我们的价格范围。
The colours of the flowers range from bright yellows to brownish yellows, showing that the flow-
ers are at different stages of life.花的颜色包括从亮黄色到棕黄色之间的各种黄色,表明这些花
处于生命的不同阶段。
词汇 4 range n.(变动或浮动的)范围,界限,区间;一系列;视觉(或听觉)范围 vi.变动,
变化;包括(从……到……)之间的各类事物
用法归纳
①a wide range 　　 各种各样的……
②within/in range (of...) 在(……)可及的范围内;在(……的)视觉(或听觉)范围内
③out of range (of...) 超出(……的)范围;在(……的)视觉(或听觉)范围之外
④the age/price/temperature range年龄/价格/温度范围
⑤in/　　 the range在范围内/外
⑥range from...　　 ...在……到……范围内变动;包括从……到……之间的各类事物
⑦range between...and...在……到……范围内变动
of　
outside　
to
To prevent soft tissue injury, make sure that you wear proper clothes and equipment when exer-
cising.为了防止软组织受伤,运动时你一定要穿合适的衣服,戴合适的装备。 (教材P17)
情景导学
It's possible that improving people's cardiovascular fitness in middle age could delay or even
prevent them from developing dementia.在中年时期改善人们的心血管健康可能会延缓甚至
防止他们患上痴呆症。 (2022浙江1月)
用法归纳
prevent sb./sth. (from)　　 sth.阻止/阻碍某人/某物做某事
词汇 5 prevent vt.阻止,阻碍
doing
词汇拓展
①prevention n.预防;防止;防范
We should attach great importance to pollution prevention and control, and improve the living
and working environment for our people.我们应高度重视污染防治,改善人民生活和工作环
境。(China Daily)
②preventable adj.可预防的;可防止的
preventable diseases可预防的疾病
③“阻止某人做某事”的其他表达:
stop sb. (from) doing sth.
keep sb. from doing sth.(from不能省略)
Others work out for hours at the weekend to make up for their lack of exercise during the week-
days.其他人在周末的时候锻炼身体数小时以弥补他们在工作日期间缺少的锻炼。 (教材P19)
情景导学
Later, he worked in Africa, where many people suffered from blindness for lack of proper treat-
ment.后来,他在非洲工作,在那里许多人由于缺乏适当的治疗而失明。(2020江苏)
Astronauts' bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity, so they
need to exercise every day, which will help them stay healthy.在太空中,由于缺乏重力,宇航员
的骨骼和肌肉会变得非常弱,所以他们需要每天锻炼,这将有助于他们保持健康。
Living in Iowa and trying to become a photographer specializing in landscape can be quite a chal-
lenge, mainly because the corn state lacks geographical variation.生活在艾奥瓦州并试图成为一
名专门拍摄风景的摄影师可能是一个相当大的挑战,主要是因为这个玉米州缺乏地理变异。
(2023全国乙)
词汇 6 lack n.缺乏,匮乏,短缺 vt.& vi.没有,缺乏,不足,短缺
用法归纳
①　　 lack of...因为缺乏……
②(the/　　 ) lack of...缺乏……
③lack (in)...缺乏……
词汇拓展
lacking adj.没有的;缺乏的
be lacking in=be short of缺少……
Although she is rich in knowledge, she is lacking in practical experience.虽然她知识丰富,但
是她缺少实践经验。
for
a
When my friend first suggested that we join the new Tai Chi Club at school, I hesitated.当我的朋
友第一次建议我们加入学校新开的太极拳俱乐部时,我犹豫了。 (教材P25)
情景导学
Don't hesitate to turn to us if you have any further problems.如果你还有什么问题,尽管向我们
求助。 (写作·结束语)
—Tim has difficulty in making decisions.
—That's it. He's still hesitating about whether to take the job.
——蒂姆很难作出决定。
——正是如此。他还在犹豫是否接受这份工作。 (2020天津5月)
用法归纳
①hesitate 　　 sth.做某事有顾虑
②hesitate 　　 /over...对……犹豫不决
词汇 7 hesitate v.犹豫,迟疑;顾虑
to do　
about
词汇拓展
①hesitation n.犹豫
without hesitation毫不犹豫地
have no hesitation in doing sth.毫不犹豫地做某事
Hearing the cry for help, she jumped into the water without hesitation and swam towards the
struggling boy.听到呼救声后,她毫不犹豫地跳进水里,向挣扎的男孩游去。(读后续写·动作描写)
②hesitant adj.犹豫的;踌躇的;不情愿的
be hesitant about (doing) sth.对(做)某事犹豫不决
be hesitant to do sth.不愿做某事
What he had done made his friends hesitant to invite him to the party.他的所作所为让他的朋
友们不愿意邀请他参加聚会。
③hesitantly adv.迟疑地,踌躇地
After the first class, however, I had to admit that I had been wrong about tai chi.然而,在第一节
课之后,我不得不承认我对太极拳有错误的认识。 (教材P25)
情景导学
A survey of British workers found 15% of workers who admitted (to) making up an illness to get
a day off used a migraine as their excuse.一项针对英国员工的调查发现,15%的承认为请一天
假而装病的员工用偏头痛当借口。 (China Daily)
Being admitted to the university is just the beginning and you will have a long way to go.被大学
录取只是开始,你将有很长的路要走。 (写作·人生规划)
One day I got word that he was admitted to hospital for a serious disease.有一天,我听说他因为
严重的疾病住院了。(2022浙江1月)
词汇 8 admit v.承认;招认;准许进入;准许加入;接收入院;收治
用法归纳
①admit (to sb.) that...(向某人)承认……
②admit (to) 　　 sth.承认做某事
③be admitted 　　 /into...被……录取;被准许进入……;被接收入院
④It is/was generally admitted that...普遍认为……
词汇拓展
admission n.承认;入场费;准许加入
admission prices票价
gain admission to...获准加入……
My sister succeeded in gaining admission to the university of her choice at last.我姐姐最终成
功地被她选择的大学录取了。
doing　
to
Just as importantly, practising tai chi has inspired me to explore the Chinese culture behind it.同
样重要的是,练太极拳激励我探索太极拳背后的中国文化。 (教材P25)
情景导学
The admiration and respect his uncle earned inspired Nielsen to make a career in acting.尼尔森的
叔叔所赢得的钦佩和尊重激励了他从事演艺事业。 (2021浙江)
Because she inspired confidence in me, I've become a successful reporter.因为她激发了我的
信心,我成了一个成功的记者。
词汇 9 inspire vt.激励,鼓舞;启发思考;使产生(感觉或情感)
用法归纳
①inspire sb. 　　 sth.激励某人做某事
②inspire sth. 　　 sb.=inspire sb. with sth.使某人产生某种感觉或情感
词汇拓展
①inspired adj.品质优秀的;能力卓越的;借助于灵感创作的
②inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的
His speech was inspiring and touched the audience's hearts.他的发言鼓舞人心,触动了观众
的心。
③inspiration n.启发灵感的人(或事物);灵感;鼓舞人心的人(或事物)
The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.我
们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能是伟大发明的灵感。
to do　
in
高频词汇积累
词汇 释义 用法& 拓展
congratulation n.祝贺,恭喜;贺辞;恭贺 Congratulations!祝贺!/恭喜!
congratulations on sth.祝贺某事
congratulate vt.祝贺;向……道贺
congratulate sb. on...就……向某人道贺
routine n.常规,惯例 adj.常规的,例行
的;乏味的 daily routine日常生活　　
as a matter of routine按照惯例;
定期break/follow the routine打破/遵守常规
a routine check常规检查　
a routine job乏味的工作
change your routine every other month每隔一个月改变一下你的习惯(2023浙江1月)
-ine作形容词后缀时,表示“……的;与……有关的;属于……的”。如:marine海的,海产的,海生的;genuine真的,诚实的;feminine女性的,阴性的
stick with 持续,坚持 If you make a plan, then stick with it.如果你制订了计划,那就坚持下去。
stick to坚持;遵守,信守
stick to a traditional diet 坚持传统饮食(2023全国乙)
energy n.能,能量;精力;能源 full of energy充满活力apply/devote one's energies to...把精力花在……上
the concept of solar energy太阳能的概念(2023浙江1月)
energetic adj.精力充沛的,充满活力的
energetically adv.精力充沛地
average n.平均水平,一般水准 adj.平均的;典型的;普通的v.平均为 on average平均
above/below average高于/低于平均水平
an average price平均价格
make up for 弥补,补偿 They increase their efficiency, trying to make up for lost time.
他们提高效率,试图弥补失去的时间。
make up 化妆;形成,构成;编造(故事、谎言等);铺床
make up (with sb.)与某人和解
injury n.伤害,损伤 do sb. an injury=do an injury to sb.使某人受伤
injure vt.伤害;损害　　injured adj.受伤的　　
the injured伤员
-y置于一些动词后构成名词。如:apology道歉;inquiry询问
equipment n.设备;配备,装备 a piece of equipment一件设备
equip v.配备;装备;使有所准备;使有能力
be equipped with...装备……;配备……
equip sb. for sth.使某人能胜任某事物
-ment作名词后缀,表示“……的行为(或结果)”。如:
movement运动;improvement改善;argument争论,论点;
announcement宣布
announce vt.宣布,宣告;通知 announce sth. to sb.向某人宣布某事　　
announce that...宣布……
It was announced that my train will arrive in 10 minutes.通知说我要坐的火车十分钟后到达。(2023新课标Ⅰ)
announcement n.公告,通告;宣布,宣告
make an announcement发布通告　　
announcer n.广播员,播音员
update vt.使现代化,更新;向……提供最新信息 n.最新消息 update the software更新软件update sb. on sth.向某人提供关于某事的最新信息
a news update最新新闻报道
updated information from official stadium websites来自官方体育场网站的更新的信息
(2021全国乙)
in response to 对……作出反应;作为对……的回复 in response to a deep-rooted urge为了回应根深蒂固的冲动 (2023北京)
replace vt.用……替换;代替,取代;更
换,更新 replace A with/by B 用B替换A
In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.在春天,雪被冰面上的泥取代。(2022全国乙)
replacement n.替换,更换;替代品
a knee replacement operation膝关节置换术(2021全国乙)
replaceable adj.可替换的;可代替的
irreplaceable adj.不可替代的
前缀re-可表示“又,再,重新”。如:reunite(使)重逢,再次相聚;reapply再次申请;rebuild重建
nearby adj.附近的,邻近的 adv.在附近,不远 She likes to go to a nearby store.她喜欢去附近的商店。(2021浙江)
A machine that rings becomes a police car passing nearby.一个响铃的机器变成了一辆经过附近的警车。(2021天津3月)
position n.处境;位置;姿势;观点;地位;
恰当位置 in position就位;在适当的位置　　
out of position不在适当的位置
in a difficult position在艰难的处境
explore v.探究,探索;勘探,勘察 explore for...勘探……
explore the woods探索树林(2023新课标Ⅰ)
exploration n.勘探,勘察,探索;探究,研究
oil exploration石油勘探　
the exploration of space太空探索
explorer n.勘探者,探险者
master n.大师,能手;主人 vt.精通,掌握;控制 adj.熟练的,灵巧的,有技能的 a master of...……大师/能手
be one's own master独立自主
master a new language掌握一门新语言
a master chef熟练的厨师
satisfaction n.满意;满足,达到 to sb.'s satisfaction=to the satisfaction of sb.令某人满意
satisfy v.使满意;使满足　
satisfy one's needs满足某人的需求
satisfied adj.满意的(一般修饰人)
be/feel satisfied with...对……感到满意
satisfying adj.令人满意的(一般修饰物)
satisfactory adj.令人满意的
exist vi.存在;生活,生存 exist on靠……生活　　exist in存在于　　
there exist(s)…有……
existence n.存在;生活
the existence of a living system生命系统的存在(2023北京)
come into existence形成,产生　　
existing adj.现存的;现行的
breathe v.呼吸;呼出 breathe in吸气;吸入(气体) 　breathe out呼气;呼出(气体)
breath n.呼吸的空气;一次吸入的空气
take a deep breath深吸一口气
breathless adj.上气不接下气的;目瞪口呆的
To prevent soft tissue injury, make sure that you wear proper clothes and equipment when exer-
cising.为了防止软组织受伤,运动时你一定要穿合适的衣服,戴合适的装备。 (教材P17)
情景导学
Now, when (they are) having trouble in learning English, plenty of students are eager to know
how to deal with it.现在,当学习英语有困难的时候,很多学生渴望知道如何解决它。(写作·学
习方法)
Have you ever joined in any training activities If so, how much time do you normally spend
practising in a week 你参加过培训活动吗 如果参加过,你通常一周花多少时间练习
He moved his lips as if (he was) to say something.他动了动嘴唇,仿佛要说什么。
结构 1 状语从句的省略
经典结构 情境破
用法归纳
①在含有时间、地点、条件、方式、比较或让步等状语从句的主从复合句中,当从句的主语
与主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it,且从句中含有be动词时,状语从句可以使用省略形式,省
去主语和　　 。
②习惯表达:
if so如果是这样
if not如果不是这样
if necessary如果有必要
if possible如果可能的话
be动词
Zhang Sanfeng, a 13th-century Taoist, was said to have invented tai chi after drawing inspiration
from a fight between a snake and a bird.据说,13世纪的道士张三丰从蛇与鸟的搏斗中获得了
灵感,从而发明了太极拳。 (教材P25)
情景导学
Alexander the Great and Marco Polo were said to have visited a talking tree in India.据说亚历山
大大帝和马可·波罗曾在印度参观过一棵会交流的树。
The film was reported to receive good reviews overseas.据报道,这部电影在国外获得了好评。
The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is thought to be one of the greatest American stories.《汤姆·索亚
历险记》被认为是美国最精彩的故事之一。
结构 2 主语+be+过去分词+to...
用法归纳
①
②用于此句型的过去分词还有reported、　　 、believed等。
结构拓展
“It+be+过去分词+that...”可与“主语+be+过去分词+to...”相互转化。
It's said that history is written by the victors.
=History is said to be written by the victors.据说,历史是由胜利者写的。 (2021全国甲)
thought
It is believed that today's children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended
level of sugar.
=Today's children and teenagers are believed to be consuming three times the recommended
level of sugar.人们认为,现在的儿童和青少年摄入的糖分是建议量的三倍。(2022全国乙)
On 18 April, 1955, it was reported that Einstein had passed away, and the whole world
mourned the loss of the brilliant scientist.
=On 18 April, 1955, Einstein was reported to have passed away, and the whole world mourned
the loss of the brilliant scientist.1955年4月18日,据报道,爱因斯坦去世了,全世界都为失去了这
位杰出的科学家而哀悼。
Sentence 1
译文　一些研究甚至表明,锻炼会改善大脑的某些功能,这意味着你确实可以通过锻炼来提
高学业成绩!
长难句 图解
宾语从句　
状语
Sentence 2
译文　当你制订锻炼计划时,首先要考虑的是你期望在哪些方面有所改善,是心肺功能、肌
肉力量还是柔韧性。
时间状语从句　
后置定语　
表语从句
Sentence 3
译文　为了避免软组织受伤,锻炼时你一定要穿合适的衣服,戴合适的装备。
目的状语
Sentence 4
译文　让我满意的是,记住太极拳的这些要求后,我发现自己的平衡性和柔韧性慢慢有所改
善,我能完成难度更大的动作,而且我比以前更喜爱太极拳了。
宾语从句
Sentence 5
译文　我发现太极拳深深植根于中国的阴阳哲学,中国哲学认为阴和阳是既对立又统一的。
宾语从句
非限制性定语从句
现在进行时和现在完成时的被动语态
必备语法 情景破
一、现在进行时的被动语态
现在进行时的被动语态表示某动作正在被执行。
(一)现在进行时的被动语态的构成
情景导学
Billions of trees are being cut down every year to make paper for humans.
My sister is now being interviewed by a journalist.
用法归纳
现在进行时的被动语态的结构为am/is/are being done,可用by引出动作的发出者。
(二)现在进行时的被动语态的用法
情景导学1
My new house is being decorated now.
Currently, about 35,000 works are being displayed in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it would
take a lifetime to see everything. (2021天津3月)
Look! The car is being repaired.
用法归纳1
表示此刻正在进行的①　　 的动作,常与now、②　　 、right now、at this moment等时
间状语,以及“Look!”“Listen!”等祈使句连用。
被动
currently
情景导学2
The Olympic Games are being prepared now.
Many interesting experiments are being carried out these days.
用法归纳2
表示现阶段正在进行的被动的动作,但说话时并不一定正在进行,常与now、③　　　　　
等时间状语连用。
these days
情景导学3
The ground is always being littered with rubbish.(表厌恶)
I feel very surprised that the window of our classroom is frequently being broken.(表惊讶)
用法归纳3
表示反复进行的被动的动作,常与④　　 、frequently、constantly等词连用,表明说话人的
赞美、厌恶、惊讶等情绪。
always
二、现在完成时的被动语态
现在完成时的被动语态表示某动作已经被完成。
(一)现在完成时的被动语态的构成
情景导学
This book has been translated into many languages.
People's lives have been changed by online communities and social networks.
用法归纳
现在完成时的被动语态的结构为have/has been done,可用⑤　　 引出动作的发出者。
(二)现在完成时的被动语态的用法
by
情景导学1
Tom's novel has not been published yet.
The sports meeting has been put off until next Friday.
用法归纳1
表示被动的动作发生在过去,强调对现在造成的影响,常与yet、already等词连用。
情景导学2
The area has been searched for days.
The child has been looked after by his grandma so far.
Since then, the book has been published in at least 67 languages and 31 million copies have been
sold.
用法归纳2
表示被动的动作开始于过去,一直持续到现在,并有可能继续持续下去,常与⑥　　　　
、up to now、till now、in the past/last few days/years以及“⑦　　 +时间点”、since引
导的时间状语从句、“⑧　　 +时间段”连用。
so far
since
for
即时巩固
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.It is reported that the tomb in Henan 　　　　 (dig) now.
2.Look! The children 　　　　 (feed) by their aunt.
3.Many houses 　 　　　 (build) in the past ten years.
4.As you can see, many trees 　　　　 (cut) down by humans now.
5.No books 　　 　　 (buy) since last week.
6.The old man 　 　　　 (tend) for twenty years.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.窗户很脏,因为好几个星期没擦了。
The window is dirty because it　　　 　　　　 　　　 for weeks.
is being dug
are being fed
have been built
are being cut
have been bought
has been tended
hasn't
been
cleaned
2.(人们)正在做很多工作以保护野生动物。
Much work 　　　　 　　　　 　　　 to protect wildlife.
3.谁正在为了即将到来的英语演讲比赛接受训练
Who 　　　　 　　　　 　　　 for the coming English speech contest
4.为了丰富同学们的课余生活,我们学校正在举办一场学生国画作品展。
In order to enrich students' after-school life, an exhibition of students' traditional Chinese
paintings 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　 .
is
being
done
is
being
trained
is
being
held
by
our
school