(共107张PPT)
Section Ⅲ
Using language
NO 1
语法专区——落实“形式—意义—使用”三维动态语法观
NO 4
课时跟踪检测
目 录
NO 2
听说专区——在主题活动中提升语言技能
NO 3
新知学习/核心语言点集中释解
语法项目——非限制性定语从句
No.1 语法专区/落实“形式—意义—使用”三维动态语法观
初识语法——在美文运用中体悟
背美文 Rowan Atkinson is an English comedian, who① is famous for the character Mr Bean.As early as primary school, Rowan had already shown a talent for acting, and a key event occurred one day in 1976, when② he was playing around and pulling a face in the mirror, which③ helped him find his comedy talent.Rowan ever studied at Oxford, where④ he obtained his master's degree in electrical engineering. This may explain why he loves fast cars, of which⑤ he has many.
悟语法 ①who引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Rowan Atkinson；②when引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词1976；③which引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为前面的整个句子；④where引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词 Oxford；⑤“介词＋which”引导的非限制性定语从句,其中which指代先行词fast cars,介词of和从句中的宾语many搭配,构成many of fast cars。
续表
一、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
[先感知]
①(教材典句)I walk through the doors into the waiting area, where there's a familiar atmosphere of boredom and tension.
②(教材典句)Scientific studies show that laughter produces chemicals to make people feel better, which means clown doctors can be helpful.
慧学语法——在归纳演绎中学通
③(2023·全国乙卷)But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place which/that welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
[会发现]
句①中where引导__________定语从句,先行词是the waiting area。
句②中which引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是_______________。
句③中which/that引导________定语从句,先行词是a place。此时,that, which可以互换。
非限制性
整个主句内容
限制性
[明规则]
限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
意义 起限定作用,指特定的人或物,从句不可省略,否则原句句意不完整 仅作补充或说明,若去掉从句,主句意思依然完整
结构要求 紧跟先行词,从句与先行词之间不用逗号隔开 用逗号与先行词或主句隔开
功能 修饰某个名词或代词 修饰名词/代词或整个主句
引导词 所有的关系代词及关系副词 that及why之外的关系代词或关系副词
续表
[对点练] (完成句子)
①(2023·全国甲卷书面表达)There used to be a famous educator, ___________________________Chinese society.
曾经有一位著名的教育家,他在中国社会留下了深远的影响。
who left a profound impact on
②(2023·浙江1月高考写作)It was a valuable and enriching experience,____________________________________________.
这是一次宝贵而充实的经历,从中我们学到了很多植物方面的知识。
③They enjoyed beautiful scenery in the mountain area,
______________________________.
他们在山区欣赏了美景,在那里他们还爬了山。
from which we learnt a lot of knowledge of plants
where they also did some climbing
二、引导非限制性定语从句的关系词
[先感知]
①(教材典句)People sit uncomfortably on plastic chairs, looking through old magazines, all of which have been read hundreds of times previously.
②(教材典句)We have to be very sensitive and work closely with the doctors and nurses, who keep us updated on each patient.
③We will go fishing next Sunday, when/on which we won't be so busy.
④Yesterday, they went out to have a picnic in the park, where/in which they had a good time.
[会发现]
句①②中的关系词在句中作_____。
句③④中的关系词在句中作______, when 和where可以用_______________替换。
主语
状语
介词＋关系代词
[明规则]
关系词 先行词 在从句中所作的成分
关系代词 Who 人 主语
Whom 人 宾语
Which 物/整个主句 主语/宾语
whose (＝of whom或of which) 人/物 定语
As 人/物/整个主句 主语/宾语
关系副词 when 时间名词 时间状语
where 通常是地点名词 地点状语
续表
[对点练]
(1)用适当的关系词填空
①(2022·全国甲卷)On the 1,100-kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ______lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces.
②(2021·全国甲卷)Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, _______the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing.
who
where
③(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)My life as a tax-paying employed person began in middle school,______, for three whole days, I worked in a baking factory.
④(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Rome can be pricey for travelers, _______is why many choose to stay in a hostel(旅社).
when
which
(2)完成句子
⑤Most of the students think highly of this exhibition, _________________________for them to explore the beauty of Chinese art.
大多数学生对这次展览评价很高,它为他们探索中国艺术之美提供了一个平台。
⑥He was left on a desolate island, ________________________________
_________.
他被抛到一个荒岛上,在那里待了三个月之久。
which provides a platform
where he stayed for as long as three
months
三、as与which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别
[先感知]
①As we all know, the earth moves around the sun.
②The singer, as was expected, achieved a great success.
③Catherine will attend a friend's wedding, which she is busy preparing for now.
[会发现]
句①②中的定语从句由______引导,位置比较灵活。
句③中的定语从句由which引导,只能放在_________。
as
主句之后
[明规则]
As which
指代 只能指代整个主句的内容 既可指代整个主句的内容,也可指代主句的一部分
位置 可位于主句之前、之中或之后 只能位于主句之后
意义 正如,正像 这一点,这件事
功能 连接上下文,表达说话人的观点、看法,并指出主句内容的根据或出处等 引导的从句在意义上相当于一个并列句
[名师点津] as引导非限制性定语从句时,其后常接expect, know, report, say, see等动词的主动或被动语态句以及用于一些固定结构中。如：as was expected (不出所料), as is mentioned above (正如上面所提到的), as is often the case (这是常有的事)等。
[对点练] (选词填空：as/which)
①(2023·全国甲卷)Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, _______Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”.
②Really, the truck my dad drove often broke down on the way, __________made my dad in trouble.
as
which
③There is no simple answer, ______is often the case in science.
④______ we all know, he is a gifted pianist.
as
As
用恰当的关系词填空
Most people have never heard of Tim Berners-Lee.He is not as famous as Einstein, ①_______ name has become very well known.
Berners-Lee, ②_______ works in a small office at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, is the creator of the World Wide Web. He was born in England in 1955. His parents, ③_______ helped design the world's first commercially available computer, gave him a great love of maths and learning.
活用语法——在针对训练中提能
whose
who
who
In 1980, Berners-Lee went to work at a physics laboratory in Switzerland, ④________he had a lot of material to learn quickly. He had a poor memory for facts and wanted to find a way to help him keep track of the things ⑤___________ he couldn't remember.He designed a software program ⑥________________ allowed him to create a document that had links to other documents.He continued to develop his idea through the 1980s.
where
that/which
that/which
In 1991, his project became known as the World Wide Web.The number of people ⑦_________ used the Internet started to grow quickly. However, Berners-Lee is not completely happy with the way in ⑧__________
the Web has developed.It has become a passive tool for so many people, not the tool for creativity ⑨________________ he had imagined.
In 1999, he published a book called Weaving the Web, ⑩_______ he answered questions he was often asked.
who/that
which
that/which
where
No.2 听说专区/在主题活动中提升语言技能
教材听力 “三关过”
一、过词汇关——词块互译
1.grin from ear to ear _________
2.laugh one's head off _________
3.be all smiles ___________________
4.laughing stock __________
5.crack a smile _________
咧嘴大笑
开怀大笑
满面笑容；眉开眼笑
笑柄；笑料
笑了起来
6.________ 摔倒；跌倒；倒下
7._____________ 与……类似
8._________________ 很生气
9.___________________ 使自己确信……
10._______ 对……信以为真
fall over
be similar to
be pretty annoyed
convince yourself of ...
fall for
二、过泛听关——听教材录音选最佳答案
1.How many practical jokes are mentioned in the radio programme
A.Two. B.Three. C.Four.
√
2.When did the oldest recorded April Fool's joke take place
A.In 1698.
B.In 1957.
C.In 1965.
√
3.Which joke is Mark's favourite one
A.The “washing of the lions” joke.
B.The “Smellovision” joke.
C.The “spaghetti tree” joke.
√
三、过精听关——依据教材听力完成句子
1._____________, today is the 1st of April or,_____________, April Fool's Day.
2.Let's start with the oldest recorded April Fool's joke,______________________________________.
As you know
as we call it
which took place on the lst of April 1698
3.Apparently, this practical joke worked ____________it was played on visitors throughout the 18th and 19th centuries.
4.I'd be pretty annoyed______________________.
5.How on earth did people actually believe that there was ______________ “Smellovision”？
so well that
if someone did that to me
such a thing as
一、听力仿真训练
Ⅰ.听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.What does the man think of the boy in the story
A.Funny. B.Clever. C.Honest.
强化训练 “在平时”
√
2.How does the man like to begin his lecture
A.With a laugh.
B.With a smile.
C.With a joke.
√
3.Why do people like Mark
A.He is hard-working.
B.He is serious.
C.He is helpful.
√
4.What does the woman imply about Uncle Jim
A.He eats too much.
B.His manners are just fine.
C.He has a good sense of humour.
√
5.What kind of person is Mr Zhang
A.Humorous.
B.Kind.
C.Generous.
√
Ⅱ.听下面2段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟；听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6至8题。
6.What is Kate's attitude towards her new partner
A.She doesn't like him.
B.She is afraid of him.
C.She has no idea of him.
√
7.What kind of person may Owen be
A.Talkative.
B.Serious.
C.Easy-going.
√
8.What did Kate do when she worked with her partner
A.She made fun of him.
B.She quarreled with him.
C.She told a joke to him.
√
听第7段材料,回答第9至11题。
9.What does the Go Group do
A.It promotes peace in the world.
B.It offers support to businesses.
C.It does research on education in the UK.
√
10.What may the “Big Freeze” mean to others
A.A broad smile.
B.A quick smile.
C.A false smile.
√
11.How can one make a good impression according to the research
A.Smile widely.
B.Smile naturally.
C.Smile readily.
√
附：听力材料
(Text 1)
W：What's so funny？You're laughing.
M：I just read a funny story about a boy and a tiger.①The boy was really clever.
(Text 2)
M：②I always begin my lecture with a joke. That puts the audience at ease.
W：They laugh to put you at ease.
(Text 3)
W：Why is Mark so popular
M：Well, it's probably his personality.He's funny, of course, ③but I think people like him because he is always willing to spend time with them and help others.
(Text 4)
M：I wish Uncle Jim wouldn't talk with his mouth full of food.
W：④Well, I love his jokes, and that makes up for his lack of manners.
(Text 5)
M：⑤Our history teacher Mr Zhang is really humorous.
W：Really But he looks very serious and strict, like a maths teacher.
M：No, not at all. The examples he gives are really interesting. And I learn many good historic stories from him.There is lots of laughter in his class.
(Text 6)
M：How is your new job going, Kate
W：Well, I think I can fit in the new working style. ⑥But I have some difficulties with my new partner. Last week, I was on duty with him. ⑧To ease the situation, I told one of my favourite jokes.
M：Then, what happened Did it work
W：Of course not.Can you imagine He just said “I don't see any humour in your joke”. I felt like a block of ice at that moment.
M：Who did you refer to Jack or Owen
W：That stone-faced guy, Owen.Do you know him
M：Oh, yes.Maybe he didn't find it that humorous. ⑦In fact, he is always a serious person.
(Text 7)
M: Hello, everyone. My topic today is about the power of a smile. There are a number of sayings about the power of a smile. “Peace begins with the smile.” “A smile means welcome everywhere.” “Life is short, but a smile only takes a second.” All good advice, but it may not be as simple as that. According to new research, if you want to make a good impression when you meet people, it's not just that you smile, but it's how you smile.
⑨The study was carried out by the Go Group, a business support organization in Scotland, in the UK. They looked at people's responses to different smiles. They found that the responses differ greatly. Through this study they say people should avoid three types of smile. The first is “The Top Fan” — very wide, all teeth showing, possible evidence that you can have too much of a good thing.
⑩Then there is “The Big Freeze” — a fixed smile that looks practised and insincere. Finally comes “The Robot” — a small, thin smile lacking in warmth. The group also warns against smiling too quickly, saying it can make you look false. The best smile they say is slower and floods naturally across the whole face.
二、口语交际训练
为了练习英语,李华和同学林涛两人用英语交流了一些有关“笑”的趣味表达。请根据提示完成对话。
Li Hua：Do you know some funny expressions about laughter
Lin Tao：Yes. Let's start from the description of grinning from ear to ear.
Li Hua：①_____________ (我不明白).
I don't get it
Lin Tao：Grinning from ear to ear？It means I am very happy.
Li Hua：I see. Well, have you seen the film My Crazy Family
Lin Tao：Yes, ②___________________ (我已经看了两次了).
Li Hua：I also saw it last night. ③________________ (太有趣了)!
Lin Tao：Yes！I laughed my head off.
Li Hua：What
I have seen it twice
It's so funny
Lin Tao：I am happy, too.
Li Hua：Yesterday,I stepped on a banana skin and ④_________
_____________________(摔倒在了全班同学面前).
Lin Tao：Ha,ha,ha.You must be ⑤_________________________
(全班同学的笑柄).
Li Hua：Even my teacher cracked a smile!
Lin Tao：There are all kinds of description of laughter.
fell over in
front of the whole class
the laughing stock of the class
|多积主题表达|
1.laugh loud 大声笑
2.have fun 过得愉快
3.crosstalk 相声
4.tell jokes 讲笑话
5.sense of humour 幽默感
6.laughing stock 笑料,笑柄
7.play jokes/a joke 开玩笑
8.talk show 脱口秀
9.a funny story 滑稽的故事
10.roar with laughter 哄堂大笑
11.That's so funny! 太有趣了！
12.I can imagine how amusing it is. 我能想象到那有多好笑。
13.The incident made the listeners burst into laughter.
这个小插曲使听众哄然大笑。
14.He looked so funny that we all roared.
他看上去那么滑稽,以至于我们都哈哈大笑。
1.★impress v.使钦佩,使留下深刻印象；使铭记
[用法感知]
①(“景物描写”佳句)The West Lake impresses visitors with its beauty forever, attracting millions of visitors each year.
西湖的美丽给游客们留下了难以磨灭的印象,每年吸引着数以百万计的游客。
No.3 新知学习/核心语言点集中释解
②I just came back from a trip to Xi'an and I was very impressed with the long history of the city.
我刚从西安旅游回来,这个城市悠久的历史给我留下了深刻的印象。
③(“景物描写”佳句)So charming are the sights of Jiuzhaigou that they make a deep impression on visitors from home and abroad.
九寨沟的景色如此迷人,给国内外游客留下了深刻的印象。
[归纳点拨]
(1)impress sth.on/upon sb.使某人铭记某事；使某人明白某事
impress sb. with ... ……给某人留下深刻印象
be impressed by/with ... 对……印象深刻
(2)impression n. 印象；感想；影响
leave/make/have a(n) ...impression on sb. 给某人留下……的印象
have/get a good/bad impression of ... 对……的印象好/不好
(3)impressive adj. 令人赞叹的；令人敬佩的
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
④My first ___________(impress) of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man.
⑤Thanks to our wonderful and ___________(impress) performance, we finally won the first prize.
impression
impressive
⑥We felt at home with her and were impressed _________the depth of her knowledge.
⑦My parents impressed _________me the importance of receiving a good education.
with/by
on/upon
(2)一句多译
给我留下深刻印象的是他们处理任何问题的能力。
⑧_________________________was their ability to deal with any problem.(主语从句)
⑨____________________________ their ability to deal with any problem.(impress)
What impressed me deeply
I was deeply impressed by/with
⑩Their ability to deal with any problem __________________
_________________.(impression)
made/left/had a deep
impression on me
2.We all deserve a second chance, I guess.
我想我们都应该有第二次机会。
★deserve v.应得,应受到；值得
[用法感知]
①(主旨升华句)No matter how ordinary a job is, it plays an important part in society and therefore deserves our respect.
无论一份工作多么普通,它在社会中都起着重要作用,所以值得我们的尊重。
②(2023·全国甲卷书面表达)His book not only changed the world at the time; half a century later it remains a book that deserves to be reread today.
他的书不仅在当时改变了世界,在半个世纪后的今天,它仍然值得人们重新阅读。
[归纳点拨]
deserve to do sth. 值得做某事；应该做某事
deserve to be done＝deserve doing ……值得被做
deserve consideration/attention/praise/respect
值得考虑/注意/表扬/尊重
[应用融会] (完成句子)
③All the students came to realize that everyone _______________
______________________________.
所有的学生都意识到应该用尊重和温暖来对待每个人。
deserved to be
treated with respect and warmth
④Since he had broken the rule, he _______________________
_________.
因为他违反了规定,他应受惩罚。
⑤What comes first is to keep an open mind, because everyone's ideas____________________________________________.
首先应保持一种开放的心态,因为每个人的想法都值得考虑。
deserved punishing/to be
punished
deserve considering/to be considered/consideration
[名师点津] deserve后接动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。与deserve用法相同的动词还有need, want, require等。
[语言基础训练]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.For the employer,the outgoing girl he met that day was very ___________(impress).
2.Experience is essential ______this job, as is shown in the amusement park.
No.4 课时跟踪检测
impressive
for/to
3.Maria is constantly making efforts；she deserves __________
(achieve) the goal of entering the key university.
4.The man has two sons, the older of ________has just graduated from college.
5.You should keep a diary every day, _______I think is a good way to record the mood.
to achieve
whom
which
6.Thomas Edison was a great scientist, _______inventions have changed the way of our living.
7.He was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother, ____________he loved and respected as his own mother.
8.The class officers will meet in Room 101, _________they met last week.
whose
whom/who
where
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.His interesting lecture _______________________________all the students present.
他有趣的演讲给所有在场的学生留下了深刻的印象。
2.The conclusion drawn from the facts ___________________
_________.
从事实中得出的结论的确听起来很重要。
made/left/had a deep impression on
did/does sound very
essential
3.Li Yang,____________________, is always ready to help others.
李阳是我们的班长,他一直乐于助人。
4.In the afternoon,we went to the West Lake, _________________
_____________.
下午,我们去了西湖,那里有很多游客。
who is our monitor
where there were a
lot of visitors
5.The band was very successful in the 1970s, ______________
_________________________.
这个乐队在20世纪70年代非常成功,它的大部分成员都很年轻。
most of whose
members were very young
[语篇综合训练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
We live in a world where it's often not easy to find someone to trust. A smiling person always inspires trust. Even economists consider that smiles are valuable. A smile may increase other people's trust by about 10%.
People may also smile when they are caught doing bad things. According to a study made by LaFrance and Hecht, this can in fact be to their own advantage. We have a tendency (倾向) to be kinder towards those who make mistakes if they wear a smile while being caught. Even a guilty smile may help you get away pretty easily when you make mistakes.
We may also smile when we hear a piece of good news. In this case, women tend to smile more often than men.Smiling can also be a means of reducing the pain caused by a troubling situation.Even if we force ourselves to smile when we don't want to, this may be enough to lift our spirits just a little bit.
When we feel angry or anxious, our attention tends to narrow down. We can no longer see what's going on around us and we can only notice what is in front of us. But if we smile, we feel better and increase flexibility (灵活性) of our attention and the ability to think. Smiling can help us focus and understand better.
“Keep on smiling, and the world will smile with you.” One of the greatest social pleasures is to smile and be smiled to in return, especially because this comes like a natural thing.
People who smile often live longer. A study based on some pictures taken of some baseball players suggested that those who used to smile a lot survived about 7 years longer than those who did not smile very often.
语篇解读：本文主要讲述了微笑的好处。微笑不仅能融洽关系,对健康长寿也有好处。
1.When caught doing bad things, people smile to .
A.admit their mistakes
B.show they are excited
C.avoid blame or punishment
D.prove they are kind
√
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Even a guilty smile may help you get away pretty easily when you make mistakes.”可知,被发现做坏事时微笑的目的是逃脱责备或惩罚。
2.According to the third paragraph, we can learn that .
A.men seldom smile at a piece of good news
B.smiles can be helpful whatever the situation is
C.we should force ourselves to smile whenever it is
D.in general, men are more likely to smile than women
√
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段可知,当我们听到好消息时会笑,我们会通过微笑缓解困境带来的痛苦,甚至当我们不想笑时强迫自己笑,这些都会提升我们的精神状况,所以无论在什么样的情况下,微笑总是有好处的。
3.The underlined sentence in the fifth paragraph probably means .
A.if we smile, it is hard to be smiled to
B.if we smile, others will smile to us in return
C.if we want to smile, the world will smile to us in time
D.if we smile sometimes, we will make the world full of smiles
√
解析：句意理解题。根据第五段中画线句子的下文“One of the greatest social pleasures is to smile and be smiled to in return, especially because this comes like a natural thing.”可知,如果我们对别人微笑,别人也会对我们报以微笑。
4.The passage mainly talks about .
A.the benefits of smiling
B.the occasions when you smile
C.the ways of smiling
D.the reasons why people smile
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章主要讲述微笑的好处。微笑可以增加信任、缓解压力,甚至对健康都有好处。
√
Ⅱ.语法填空
What on earth does happiness mean I can't give you its exact definition, but I am sure 1 you love and help others, you'll get it.
I'll never forget an old lady, 2 lives in a small house alone. It's said that her husband and her son 3 (die) in a road accident years ago. Her life is bitter, but she often helps others with a smile. Whenever it snows, she is always the first 4 (clean) the paths.
She looks after several children 5 (live) nearby. Perhaps she is unlucky, but I think she is a happy person. Her life is full of 6 (laugh) and love.
But I'm sad to see some people getting their happiness in bad ways. They talk 7 (noisy) in cinemas and meeting rooms; they destroy trees to enjoy 8 (they) and they laugh at others' shortcomings. Perhaps they feel happy 9 that time, but they will never get true happiness because they have lost their personality already.
Now I know 10 happiness is. It means kindness, love and unselfishness. Above all, I have come to understand that bringing happiness to others is getting ourselves happiness.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要针对幸福的定义进行了讨论,通过不同的例子说明幸福对不同的人来说意义不同。作者认为幸福意味着善良、爱和无私。最重要的是,给别人带来幸福就是给自己带来幸福。
1.if 考查状语从句。引导条件状语从句,表示“如果”应用if。
2.who 考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词an old lady,并在从句中作主语,指人,故用关系代词who引导。
3.died 考查动词时态。根据后文years ago可知用一般过去时。
4.to clean 考查非谓语动词。句意：每当下雪的时候,她总是第一个清理小路。表示“第一个做某事”应用the first to do sth.。
5.living 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,live在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语children构成主动关系,故用现在分词作定语。
6.laughter 考查名词。空处作of的宾语,表示“笑声”应用名词laughter,laughter为不可数名词,故用单数形式。
7.noisily 考查副词。修饰动词talk应用副词noisily,作状语。
8.themselves 考查代词。句意：他们在电影院和会议室里大声交谈；他们破坏树木娱乐自己；他们嘲笑别人的缺点。结合句意,表示“娱乐自己”应用enjoy oneself。
9.at 考查介词。句意：也许他们在那个时候感到幸福,但他们永远不会得到真正的幸福,因为他们已经失去了他们的个性。结合句意,表示“在那个时候”应用at that time。
10.what 考查宾语从句。空处引导宾语从句,从句中缺少表语,表示“什么”应用what。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
假定你是李华,是学校英语俱乐部的负责人。俱乐部准备举办以“Humour”为主题的活动,并打算邀请外教 Mr Smith做个讲座。请你给他写封邀请信,要点如下：
1.活动时间：下周五
2.参加人员：英语爱好者
3.活动意义：培养幽默感,保持乐观的人生态度
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
根据提示补全作文,注意定语从句的使用
Dear Mr Smith,
Our English Club is planning to organize an activity next Friday, ①________________________ (主题是“幽默”), and I would appreciate it if you can come to give us a lecture. ②________________
______________(参加的人) are all English lovers.
whose theme is “Humour”
Those who will
participate
We intend to help students ③________________________________
______(对生活保持乐观的态度) and develop a sense of humour by learning more about humour, ④___________________________________________ (这会让他们在以后的生活中受益良多). With your attending, I think all of us will ⑤____________________________________ (对幽默有更好的理解) in different cultures.
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
have an optimistic attitude towards
life
which will benefit them a lot in their future life
have a better understanding of humourSection Ⅲ Using language
语法项目——非限制性定语从句
初识语法——在美文运用中体悟
Rowan Atkinson is an English comedian, who① is famous for the character Mr Bean.As early as primary school, Rowan had already shown a talent for acting, and a key event occurred one day in 1976, when② he was playing around and pulling a face in the mirror, which③ helped him find his comedy talent.Rowan ever studied at Oxford, where④ he obtained his master's degree in electrical engineering. This may explain why he loves fast cars, of which⑤ he has many.
①who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Rowan Atkinson；
②when引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词1976；
③which引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面的整个句子；
④where引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 Oxford；
⑤“介词＋which”引导的非限制性定语从句，其中which指代先行词fast cars，介词of和从句中的宾语many搭配，构成many of fast cars。
慧学语法——在归纳演绎中学通
一、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
[先感知]
①(教材典句)I walk through the doors into the waiting area, where there's a familiar atmosphere of boredom and tension.
②(教材典句)Scientific studies show that laughter produces chemicals to make people feel better, which means clown doctors can be helpful.
③(2023·全国乙卷)But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place which/that welcomes the fast paced development of modern life, with 21st century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
[会发现]
句①中where引导____________定语从句，先行词是the waiting area。
句②中which引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是__________________。
句③中which/that引导____________定语从句，先行词是a place。此时，that, which可以互换。
[明规则]
限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
意义 起限定作用，指特定的人或物，从句不可省略，否则原句句意不完整 仅作补充或说明，若去掉从句，主句意思依然完整
结构要求 紧跟先行词，从句与先行词之间不用逗号隔开 用逗号与先行词或主句隔开
功能 修饰某个名词或代词 修饰名词/代词或整个主句
引导词 所有的关系代词及关系副词 that及why之外的关系代词或关系副词
[对点练] (完成句子)
①(2023·全国甲卷书面表达)There used to be a famous educator, _____________________________________ Chinese society.曾经有一位著名的教育家，他在中国社会留下了深远的影响。
②(2023·浙江1月高考写作)It was a valuable and enriching experience, ____________________________________.这是一次宝贵而充实的经历，从中我们学到了很多植物方面的知识。
③They enjoyed beautiful scenery in the mountain area, _______________________.
他们在山区欣赏了美景，在那里他们还爬了山。
二、引导非限制性定语从句的关系词
[先感知]
①(教材典句)People sit uncomfortably on plastic chairs, looking through old magazines, all of which have been read hundreds of times previously.
②(教材典句)We have to be very sensitive and work closely with the doctors and nurses, who keep us updated on each patient.
③We will go fishing next Sunday, when/on which we won't be so busy.
④Yesterday, they went out to have a picnic in the park, where/in which they had a good time.
[会发现]
句①②中的关系词在句中作____________。
句③④中的关系词在句中作________________， when 和where可以用________________替换。
[明规则]
关系词 先行词 在从句中所作的成分
关系代词 who 人 主语
whom 人 宾语
which 物/整个 主句 主语/宾语
Whose (＝of whom或of which) 人/物 定语
as 人/物/ 整个主句 主语/宾语
关系副词 when 时间名词 时间状语
where 通常是地点名词 地点状语
[对点练]
(1)用适当的关系词填空
①(2022·全国甲卷)On the 1,100 kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces.
②(2021·全国甲卷)Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, ____________ the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing.
③(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)My life as a tax paying employed person began in middle school, ____________， for three whole days, I worked in a baking factory.
④(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Rome can be pricey for travelers, ____________ is why many choose to stay in a hostel(旅社)．
(2)完成句子
⑤Most of the students think highly of this exhibition, ________________________ for them to explore the beauty of Chinese art.
大多数学生对这次展览评价很高，它为他们探索中国艺术之美提供了一个平台。
⑥He was left on a desolate island, __________________________________________.
他被抛到一个荒岛上，在那里待了三个月之久。
三、as与which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别
[先感知]
①As we all know, the earth moves around the sun.
②The singer, as was expected, achieved a great success.
③Catherine will attend a friend's wedding, which she is busy preparing for now.
[会发现]
句①②中的定语从句由____________引导，位置比较灵活。
句③中的定语从句由which引导，只能放在________。
[明规则]
as which
指代 只能指代整个主句的内容 既可指代整个主句的内容，也可指代主句的一部分
位置 可位于主句之前、之中或之后 只能位于主句之后
意义 正如，正像 这一点，这件事
功能 连接上下文，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处等 引导的从句在意义上相当于一个并列句
[名师点津] as引导非限制性定语从句时，其后常接expect, know, report, say, see等动词的主动或被动语态句以及用于一些固定结构中。如：as was expected (不出所料), as is mentioned above (正如上面所提到的), as is often the case (这是常有的事)等。
[对点练] (选词填空：as/which)
①(2023·全国甲卷)Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, ____________ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”．
②Really, the truck my dad drove often broke down on the way, ____________ made my dad in trouble.
③There is no simple answer, ____________ is often the case in science.
④____________ we all know, he is a gifted pianist.
活用语法——在针对训练中提能
用恰当的关系词填空
Most people have never heard of Tim Berners Lee.He is not as famous as Einstein, ①________ name has become very well known.
Berners Lee, ②____________ works in a small office at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, is the creator of the World Wide Web. He was born in England in 1955. His parents, ③____________ helped design the world's first commercially available computer, gave him a great love of maths and learning.
In 1980, Berners Lee went to work at a physics laboratory in Switzerland, ④________ he had a lot of material to learn quickly. He had a poor memory for facts and wanted to find a way to help him keep track of the things ⑤____________ he couldn't remember.He designed a software program ⑥____________ allowed him to create a document that had links to other documents.He continued to develop his idea through the 1980s.
In 1991, his project became known as the World Wide Web.The number of people ⑦____________ used the Internet started to grow quickly. However, Berners Lee is not completely happy with the way in ⑧________ the Web has developed.It has become a passive tool for so many people, not the tool for creativity ⑨____________ he had imagined.
In 1999, he published a book called Weaving the Web, ⑩______ he answered questions he was often asked.
教材听力“三关过”
一、过词汇关——词块互译
1．grin from ear to ear ____________
2．laugh one's head off ____________
3．be all smiles ____________
4．laughing stock ____________
5．crack a smile ____________
6．____________ 摔倒；跌倒；倒下
7．____________ 与……类似
8．____________ 很生气
9．____________ 使自己确信……
10．____________ 对……信以为真
二、过泛听关——听教材录音选最佳答案
1．How many practical jokes are mentioned in the radio programme
A．Two. B．Three. C．Four.
2．When did the oldest recorded April Fool's joke take place
A．In 1698. B．In 1957. C．In 1965.
3．Which joke is Mark's favourite one
A．The “washing of the lions” joke.
B．The “Smellovision” joke.
C．The “spaghetti tree” joke.
三、过精听关——依据教材听力完成句子
1．____________， today is the 1st of April or, _____________________， April Fool's Day.
2．Let's start with the oldest recorded April Fool's joke, __________________________.
3．Apparently, this practical joke worked ____________ it was played on visitors throughout the 18th and 19th centuries.
4．I'd be pretty annoyed __________________.
5．How on earth did people actually believe that there was ______________ “Smellovision”？
强化训练“在平时”
一、听力仿真训练
Ⅰ.听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．What does the man think of the boy in the story
A．Funny. B．Clever. C．Honest.
2．How does the man like to begin his lecture
A．With a laugh.
B．With a smile.
C．With a joke.
3．Why do people like Mark
A．He is hard working.
B．He is serious.
C．He is helpful.
4．What does the woman imply about Uncle Jim
A．He eats too much.
B．His manners are just fine.
C．He has a good sense of humour.
5．What kind of person is Mr Zhang
A．Humorous. B．Kind. C．Generous.
Ⅱ.听下面2段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至8题。
6．What is Kate's attitude towards her new partner
A．She doesn't like him.
B．She is afraid of him.
C．She has no idea of him.
7．What kind of person may Owen be
A．Talkative. B．Serious. C．Easy going.
8．What did Kate do when she worked with her partner
A．She made fun of him.
B．She quarreled with him.
C．She told a joke to him.
听第7段材料，回答第9至11题。
9．What does the Go Group do
A．It promotes peace in the world.
B．It offers support to businesses.
C．It does research on education in the UK.
10．What may the “Big Freeze” mean to others
A．A broad smile.
B．A quick smile.
C．A false smile.
11．How can one make a good impression according to the research
A．Smile widely.
B．Smile naturally.
C．Smile readily.
二、口语交际训练
为了练习英语，李华和同学林涛两人用英语交流了一些有关“笑”的趣味表达。请根据提示完成对话。
Li Hua：Do you know some funny expressions about laughter
Lin Tao：Yes. Let's start from the description of grinning from ear to ear.
Li Hua：①_____________________ (我不明白)．
Lin Tao：Grinning from ear to ear？It means I am very happy.
Li Hua：I see. Well, have you seen the film My Crazy Family
Lin Tao：Yes, ②________________________ (我已经看了两次了)．
Li Hua：I also saw it last night. ③______________________(太有趣了)!
Lin Tao：Yes！I laughed my head off.
Li Hua：What
Lin Tao：I am happy, too.
Li Hua：Yesterday, I stepped on a banana skin and ④__________ (摔倒在了全班同学面前)．
Lin Tao：Ha，ha，ha.You must be ⑤____________________________ (全班同学的笑柄)．
Li Hua：Even my teacher cracked a smile!
Lin Tao：There are all kinds of description of laughter.
|多积主题表达|
1．laugh loud 大声笑
2．have fun 过得愉快
3．crosstalk 相声
4．tell jokes 讲笑话
5．sense of humour 幽默感
6．laughing stock 笑料，笑柄
7．play jokes/a joke 开玩笑
8．talk show 脱口秀
9．a funny story 滑稽的故事
10．roar with laughter 哄堂大笑
11．That's so funny! 太有趣了！
12．I can imagine how amusing it is.
我能想象到那有多好笑。
13．The incident made the listeners burst into laughter.这个小插曲使听众哄然大笑。
14．He looked so funny that we all roared.
他看上去那么滑稽，以至于我们都哈哈大笑。
1．★impress v．使钦佩，使留下深刻印象；使铭记
[用法感知]
①(“景物描写”佳句)The West Lake impresses visitors with its beauty forever, attracting millions of visitors each year.
西湖的美丽给游客们留下了难以磨灭的印象，每年吸引着数以百万计的游客。
②I just came back from a trip to Xi'an and I was very impressed with the long history of the city.我刚从西安旅游回来，这个城市悠久的历史给我留下了深刻的印象。
③(“景物描写”佳句)So charming are the sights of Jiuzhaigou that they make a deep impression on visitors from home and abroad.九寨沟的景色如此迷人，给国内外游客留下了深刻的印象。
[归纳点拨]
(1)impress sth.on/upon sb. 使某人铭记某事；使某人明白某事
impress sb. with ... ……给某人留下深刻印象
be impressed by/with ... 对……印象深刻
(2)impression n. 印象；感想；影响
leave/make/have a(n) ...impression on sb. 给某人留下……的印象
have/get a good/bad impression of ... 对……的印象好/不好
(3)impressive adj. 令人赞叹的；令人敬佩的
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
④My first __________ (impress) of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man.
⑤Thanks to our wonderful and ____________ (impress) performance, we finally won the first prize.
⑥We felt at home with her and were impressed ____________ the depth of her knowledge.
⑦My parents impressed ____________ me the importance of receiving a good education.
(2)一句多译
给我留下深刻印象的是他们处理任何问题的能力。
⑧______________________________ was their ability to deal with any problem.(主语从句)
⑨______________________________ their ability to deal with any problem.(impress)
⑩Their ability to deal with any problem __________________________.(impression)
2．We all deserve a second chance, I guess.
我想我们都应该有第二次机会。
★deserve v．应得，应受到；值得
[用法感知]
①(主旨升华句)No matter how ordinary a job is, it plays an important part in society and therefore deserves our respect.
无论一份工作多么普通，它在社会中都起着重要作用，所以值得我们的尊重。
②(2023·全国甲卷书面表达)His book not only changed the world at the time; half a century later it remains a book that deserves to be reread today.
他的书不仅在当时改变了世界，在半个世纪后的今天，它仍然值得人们重新阅读。
[归纳点拨]
deserve to do sth. 值得做某事；应该做某事
deserve to be done＝deserve doing ……值得被做
deserve consideration/attention/praise/respect 值得考虑/注意/表扬/尊重
[应用融会] (完成句子)
③All the students came to realize that everyone _______________________________.所有的学生都意识到应该用尊重和温暖来对待每个人。
④Since he had broken the rule, he ______________________.因为他违反了规定，他应受惩罚。
⑤What comes first is to keep an open mind, because everyone's ideas ____________________________________.
首先应保持一种开放的心态，因为每个人的想法都值得考虑。
[名师点津] deserve后接动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。与deserve用法相同的动词还有need, want, require等。
Section Ⅲ
NO.1 语法专区
慧学语法
一、[会发现] 非限制性 整个主句内容 限制性
[对点练] ①who left a profound impact on
②from which we learnt a lot of knowledge of plants
③where they also did some climbing
二、[会发现] 主语 状语 介词＋关系代词
[对点练] ①who ②where ③when ④which
⑤which provides a platform
⑥where he stayed for as long as three months
三、[会发现] as 主句之后
[对点练] ①as ②which ③as ④As
活用语法
①whose ②who ③who ④where ⑤that/which
⑥that/which ⑦who/that ⑧which ⑨that/which ⑩where
NO.2 听说专区
教材听力“三关过”
一、1.咧嘴大笑 2.开怀大笑 3.满面笑容；眉开眼笑
4．笑柄；笑料 5.笑了起来 6.fall over 7.be similar to
8．be pretty annoyed 9.convince yourself of ... 10.fall for
二、1～3 BAC
三、1.As you know; as we call it
2．which took place on the lst of April 1698 3.so well that 4.if someone did that to me 5.such a thing as
强化训练“在平时”
一、1～5 BCCCA 6～11 ABCBCB
附：听力材料
(Text 1)
W：What's so funny？You're laughing.
M：I just read a funny story about a boy and a tiger.①The boy was really clever.
(Text 2)
M：②I always begin my lecture with a joke. That puts the audience at ease.
W：They laugh to put you at ease.
(Text 3)
W：Why is Mark so popular
M：Well, it's probably his personality.He's funny, of course, ③but I think people like him because he is always willing to spend time with them and help others.
(Text 4)
M：I wish Uncle Jim wouldn't talk with his mouth full of food.
W：④Well, I love his jokes, and that makes up for his lack of manners.
(Text 5)
M：⑤Our history teacher Mr Zhang is really humorous.
W：Really But he looks very serious and strict, like a maths teacher.
M：No, not at all. The examples he gives are really interesting. And I learn many good historic stories from him.There is lots of laughter in his class.
(Text 6)
M：How is your new job going, Kate
W：Well, I think I can fit in the new working style. ⑥But I have some difficulties with my new partner. Last week, I was on duty with him. ⑧To ease the situation, I told one of my favourite jokes.
M：Then, what happened Did it work
W：Of course not.Can you imagine He just said “I don't see any humour in your joke”. I felt like a block of ice at that moment.
M：Who did you refer to Jack or Owen
W：That stone faced guy, Owen.Do you know him
M：Oh, yes.Maybe he didn't find it that humorous. ⑦In fact, he is always a serious person.
(Text 7)
M: Hello, everyone. My topic today is about the power of a smile. There are a number of sayings about the power of a smile. “Peace begins with the smile.” “A smile means welcome everywhere.” “Life is short, but a smile only takes a second.” All good advice, but it may not be as simple as that. According to new research, if you want to make a good impression when you meet people, it's not just that you smile, but it's how you smile. ⑨The study was carried out by the Go Group, a business support organization in Scotland, in the UK. They looked at people's responses to different smiles. They found that the responses differ greatly. Through this study they say people should avoid three types of smile. The first is “The Top Fan” — very wide, all teeth showing, possible evidence that you can have too much of a good thing. ⑩Then there is “The Big Freeze” — a fixed smile that looks practised and insincere. Finally comes “The Robot” — a small, thin smile lacking in warmth. The group also warns against smiling too quickly, saying it can make you look false. The best smile they say is slower and floods naturally across the whole face.
二、①I don't get it ②I have seen it twice ③It's so funny
④fell over in front of the whole class
⑤the laughing stock of the class
NO.3 新知学习
1．④impression ⑤impressive ⑥with/by ⑦on/upon
⑧What impressed me deeply ⑨I was deeply impressed by/with ⑩made/left/had a deep impression on me
2．③deserved to be treated with respect and warmth
④deserved punishing/to be punished
⑤deserve considering/to be considered/considerationUNIT 1 课时检测(三) Using language
[语言基础训练]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．For the employer, the outgoing girl he met that day was very ____________ (impress)．
2．Experience is essential ____________ this job, as is shown in the amusement park.
3．Maria is constantly making efforts; she deserves ____________ (achieve) the goal of entering the key university.
4．The man has two sons, the older of __________ has just graduated from college.
5．You should keep a diary every day, ____________ I think is a good way to record the mood.
6．Thomas Edison was a great scientist, __________ inventions have changed the way of our living.
7．He was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother, ____________ he loved and respected as his own mother.
8．The class officers will meet in Room 101, _______ they met last week.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．His interesting lecture ____________________________________ all the students present.
他有趣的演讲给所有在场的学生留下了深刻的印象。
2．The conclusion drawn from the facts ____________________________________.
从事实中得出的结论的确听起来很重要。
3．Li Yang, ________________________________， is always ready to help others.
李阳是我们的班长，他一直乐于助人。
4．In the afternoon，we went to the West Lake, ______________________________.
下午，我们去了西湖，那里有很多游客。
5．The band was very successful in the 1970s, ________________________________________.
这个乐队在20世纪70年代非常成功，它的大部分成员都很年轻。
[语篇综合训练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
We live in a world where it's often not easy to find someone to trust. A smiling person always inspires trust. Even economists consider that smiles are valuable. A smile may increase other people's trust by about 10%.
People may also smile when they are caught doing bad things. According to a study made by LaFrance and Hecht, this can in fact be to their own advantage. We have a tendency (倾向) to be kinder towards those who make mistakes if they wear a smile while being caught. Even a guilty smile may help you get away pretty easily when you make mistakes.
We may also smile when we hear a piece of good news. In this case, women tend to smile more often than men.Smiling can also be a means of reducing the pain caused by a troubling situation.Even if we force ourselves to smile when we don't want to, this may be enough to lift our spirits just a little bit.
When we feel angry or anxious, our attention tends to narrow down. We can no longer see what's going on around us and we can only notice what is in front of us. But if we smile, we feel better and increase flexibility (灵活性) of our attention and the ability to think. Smiling can help us focus and understand better.
“Keep_on_smiling,_and_the_world_will_smile_with_you.” One of the greatest social pleasures is to smile and be smiled to in return, especially because this comes like a natural thing.
People who smile often live longer. A study based on some pictures taken of some baseball players suggested that those who used to smile a lot survived about 7 years longer than those who did not smile very often.
1．When caught doing bad things, people smile to ________.
A．admit their mistakes
B．show they are excited
C．avoid blame or punishment
D．prove they are kind
2．According to the third paragraph, we can learn that ________.
A．men seldom smile at a piece of good news
B．smiles can be helpful whatever the situation is
C．we should force ourselves to smile whenever it is
D．in general, men are more likely to smile than women
3．The underlined sentence in the fifth paragraph probably means ________.
A．if we smile, it is hard to be smiled to
B．if we smile, others will smile to us in return
C．if we want to smile, the world will smile to us in time
D．if we smile sometimes, we will make the world full of smiles
4．The passage mainly talks about ________.
A．the benefits of smiling
B．the occasions when you smile
C．the ways of smiling
D．the reasons why people smile
Ⅱ.语法填空
What on earth does happiness mean I can't give you its exact definition, but I am sure __1__ you love and help others, you'll get it.
I'll never forget an old lady, __2__ lives in a small house alone. It's said that her husband and her son __3__ (die) in a road accident years ago. Her life is bitter, but she often helps others with a smile. Whenever it snows, she is always the first __4__ (clean) the paths.
She looks after several children __5__ (live) nearby. Perhaps she is unlucky, but I think she is a happy person. Her life is full of __6__ (laugh) and love.
But I'm sad to see some people getting their happiness in bad ways. They talk __7__ (noisy) in cinemas and meeting rooms; they destroy trees to enjoy __8__ (they) and they laugh at others' shortcomings. Perhaps they feel happy __9__ that time, but they will never get true happiness because they have lost their personality already.
Now I know __10__ happiness is. It means kindness, love and unselfishness. Above all, I have come to understand that bringing happiness to others is getting ourselves happiness.
Ⅲ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，是学校英语俱乐部的负责人。俱乐部准备举办以“Humour”为主题的活动，并打算邀请外教 Mr Smith做个讲座。请你给他写封邀请信，要点如下：
1．活动时间：下周五
2．参加人员：英语爱好者
3．活动意义：培养幽默感，保持乐观的人生态度
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
根据提示补全作文，注意定语从句的使用
Dear Mr Smith，
Our English Club is planning to organize an activity next Friday, ①________________________(主题是“幽默”), and I would appreciate it if you can come to give us a lecture. ②____________________________ (参加的人) are all English lovers.
We intend to help students ③____________________________________(对生活保持乐观的态度) and develop a sense of humour by learning more about humour, ④____________________________________________ (这会让他们在以后的生活中受益良多). With your attending, I think all of us will ⑤____________________________________ (对幽默有更好的理解) in different cultures.
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
UNIT 1 课时检测(三)
[语言基础训练]
Ⅰ.1.impressive 2.for/to 3.to achieve 4.whom 5.which 6.whose 7.whom/who 8.where
Ⅱ.1.made/left/had a deep impression on
2．did/does sound very essential 3.who is our monitor
4．where there were a lot of visitors
5．most of whose members were very young
[语篇综合训练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
语篇解读：本文主要讲述了微笑的好处。微笑不仅能融洽关系，对健康长寿也有好处。
1.选C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Even a guilty smile may help you get away pretty easily when you make mistakes.”可知，被发现做坏事时微笑的目的是逃脱责备或惩罚。
2．选B 细节理解题。根据第三段可知，当我们听到好消息时会笑，我们会通过微笑缓解困境带来的痛苦，甚至当我们不想笑时强迫自己笑，这些都会提升我们的精神状况，所以无论在什么样的情况下，微笑总是有好处的。
3．选B 句意理解题。根据第五段中画线句子的下文“One of the greatest social pleasures is to smile and be smiled to in return, especially because this comes like a natural thing.”可知，如果我们对别人微笑，别人也会对我们报以微笑。
4．选A 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述微笑的好处。微笑可以增加信任、缓解压力，甚至对健康都有好处。
Ⅱ.语法填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要针对幸福的定义进行了讨论，通过不同的例子说明幸福对不同的人来说意义不同。作者认为幸福意味着善良、爱和无私。最重要的是，给别人带来幸福就是给自己带来幸福。
1．if 考查状语从句。引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”应用if。
2．who 考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词an old lady，并在从句中作主语，指人，故用关系代词who引导。
3．died 考查动词时态。根据后文years ago可知用一般过去时。
4．to clean 考查非谓语动词。句意：每当下雪的时候，她总是第一个清理小路。表示“第一个做某事”应用the first to do sth.。
5．living 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，live在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语children构成主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。
6．laughter 考查名词。空处作of的宾语，表示“笑声”应用名词laughter，laughter为不可数名词，故用单数形式。
7．noisily 考查副词。修饰动词talk应用副词noisily，作状语。
8．themselves 考查代词。句意：他们在电影院和会议室里大声交谈；他们破坏树木娱乐自己；他们嘲笑别人的缺点。结合句意，表示“娱乐自己”应用enjoy oneself。
9．at 考查介词。句意：也许他们在那个时候感到幸福，但他们永远不会得到真正的幸福，因为他们已经失去了他们的个性。结合句意，表示“在那个时候”应用at that time。
10．what 考查宾语从句。空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少表语，表示“什么”应用what。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
①whose theme is “Humour” ②Those who will participate
③have an optimistic attitude towards life
④which will benefit them a lot in their future life
⑤have a better understanding of humour
