(共96张PPT)
Section Ⅲ
Using language
NO 1
语法专区——落实“形式—意义—使用”三维动态语法观
NO 4
课时跟踪检测
目 录
NO 2
听说专区——在主题活动中提升语言技能
NO 3
新知学习/核心语言点集中释解
语法项目——过去完成时
No.1 语法专区/落实“形式—意义—使用”三维动态语法观
初识语法——在美文运用中体悟
背美文 Pulitzer quickly became a successful journalist and by the age of 25, he had become①a publisher.In 1878, he founded the newspaper the St Louis Post-Dispatch.Pulitzer worked tirelessly, from early morning until midnight.His paper published articles about politics and social issues,
续表
背美文 accusing government officials of dishonesty and wealthy people of not paying their taxes.Sales of the newspaper shot up.In 1883, Pulitzer bought the New York World.He used the same business strategy he had employed ②at the St Louis Post-Dispatch and sales of the newspaper mounted up until it was the best-selling newspaper in the country.
悟语法 ①所在句中含有by引导的时间状语，表示某一动作或状态在过去某一时刻之前或过去某一动作之前已经完成。
②所在句中he had employed at the St Louis Post-Dispatch是the same business strategy的定语从句，employ的动作发生在use的动作之前，表示“过去的过去”。
续表
(一)过去完成时的构成及基本用法
1．过去完成时的构成为：had＋过去分词，否定式是在had后加not，疑问式是把had提前。
2．表示在过去某一时刻之前已经完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。时间状语为by, before, until等介词(短语)搭配过去的时间点，或by, before, until等引导的使用了过去时的时间状语从句。
慧学语法——在归纳演绎中学通
3．表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到另一个较后的过去时间的动作或状态，时间状语常用“for＋时间段”或“since＋时间点”。
4．表示未曾实现的愿望或打算，主要用于hope, want, expect, think, suppose, plan, mean, intend等动词。
[对点练] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
①She ____________ (learn) some English before she came to England.
②Until then he ___________ (know) nothing about it.
③I ___________ (finish) cooking dinner before you came back.
had learned
had known
had finished
④She said that she _________ (make) great progress since she came here.
⑤_______________________________ at the airport, but I was too busy.
我本来打算去机场接你们，但我太忙了。
⑥___________________ the pain to be so unendurable.
他没料到会如此疼痛难忍。
had made
I had intended to go to pick you up
He had not expected
(二)主从复合句中的过去完成时
1．在主从复合句中，若主从句的动作都发生在过去，且有先后关系，动作在前的要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。
2．在包含before和after的主从复合句中，因为从句动作和主句动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。
The train (had) started before I reached the station.在我到达车站之前，火车已经开了。
After he (had) arrived in England, he worked hard to improve his English.
他到达英国之后，努力提高他的英语水平。
[对点练] (完成句子)
①(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)My teacher called me to his office, telling me that ________________________ in the writing contest.
我的老师把我叫到办公室，告诉我，我在写作竞赛中获得了第一名。
I had taken the first place
②(2023·全国乙卷书面表达)I felt so proud that I shared housework with my parents, which also showed _______________.
我为自己能帮助父母分担家务而感到自豪，这也表明我已经长大了。
③The moment he handed in his exam paper, he realized ____________________________________.
他刚一交上考卷就意识到忘了写名字。
I had grown up
he had forgotten to write down his name
(三)固定句型中的过去完成时
1．主语＋had hardly/scarcely/no sooner＋过去分词＋when/than从句(从句用一般过去时；hardly, scarcely, no sooner位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装)；
2．It was＋一段时间＋since从句(从句用过去完成时)；
3．It was the first/second ...time＋that从句(从句用过去完成时)；
4．主句(过去完成时)＋by the time ...(从句用一般过去时)。
[对点练] (完成句子)
①I ____________________ home than it began to rain.
我刚到家就开始下雨了。
②It was at least three months since ________________.
我离开北京至少有3个月了。
had no sooner reached
I had left Beijing
③It was the first time that I _________________ in English.
这是我第一次用英语在网上聊天。
④By the time I got to the station, the train ________________.
我赶到车站时，火车已经离开了。
had chatted online
had already gone
(四)过去完成时与一般过去时及现在完成时的区别
1．过去完成时与一般过去时的区别
时态 相同点 不同点
一般过去时 都含有过去的时间状语 动作发生在过去，常有具体的过去时间状语
过去完成时 动作发生在“过去的过去”，含不具体的过去时间状语
Alex came to London three years ago.
亚历克斯是三年前来伦敦的。
Alex had been in London for over three years by the time he finished his studies.
亚历克斯结束他的学业的时候，已经在伦敦待了三年多了。
[图解助记]
[名师点津] 过去完成时不能单独出现，它必须有一个过去的时间作参照点，而一般过去时，则可以独立使用。
2．过去完成时与现在完成时的区别
时态 相同点 不同点
现在完成时 动作都发生在过去 以“现在”作为时间参照来谈论过去
过去完成时 以“过去”作为时间参照来谈论更远的过去
I have lived in Thailand for five years.
我已经在泰国住了五年了。(从过去某时刻到现在这个时间点有5年了)
I had lived in Thailand for five years before I went to China.在去中国之前，我已经在泰国住了五年了。(从过去某时刻到去中国那个时间点有5年了)
[图解助记]
[对点练] (翻译句子)
①我在上学前就已经读过这本书了。
I had read the book before I started school.
②到目前为止，我没有他的任何消息。
I have heard nothing from him up to now.
③到去年为止，我已经学了四年英语了。
By last year I had learned English for four years.
④当你们到达电影院时，电影开始了半个小时了吗？
Had the movie been on for half an hour when you got to the cinema
用所给词的适当形式完成下面短文
One day in winter
My hometown is located in a very habitable valley where the people live in a harmonious atmosphere.I still remember last winter, when I woke up in the morning, it ①____ already ________ (stop) snowing.
活用语法——在针对训练中提能
had
stopped
Looking outside of the window, the shiny white snow on our lawn
②________________ (clean) by my father.I closed the book that
③_________________ (borrow) from local library and went downstairs for breakfast, which ④__________________ (prepare) well on the kitchen table.Then my little brother came to tell me that he ⑤___________ (finish) all his homework and he had a very nice dream the night before.During the breakfast, we talked about his dream.
had been cleaned
had been borrowed
had been prepared
had finished
He said he ⑥_________ (go) to ski in the mountains with me and our parents, and we really ⑦_________ (have) a good day there.After breakfast, I really went out to play snow with my little brother for half a day.It was the first time that we ⑧____________ (enjoy) ourselves together.It was really a happy day.
had gone
had had
had enjoyed
No.2 听说专区/在主题活动中提升语言技能
教材听力 “三关过”
一、过词汇关——词块互译
1．___________ 分解
2．___________________ 科学课程
3．_____________ 在……水平上
break down
a science programme
at the level of
4．the vast majority of ___________________
5．at the other end of ________________
6．have an important role _____________
绝大部分；绝大多数
在……的另一端
具有重要作用
二、过泛听关——听教材录音选最佳答案
1．What are they discussing in the programme
A．Microscope. B．Microorganisms. C．Science.
2.Why are bacteria useful
A．They make people's stomach turn.
B．They help people digest.
C．They consume cheese.
√
√
3.Which of the following is true
A．Not all the bacteria are bad.
B．Bacteria can offer nutrients.
C．Bacteria can't break down fallen leaves.
√
三、过精听关——依据教材听力完成句子
1．But you can only see them with a microscope, _____________
________________________.
2．They are like bricks ___________________________.
3．_________________, most of the bacteria in your body help with digestion.
4．____________________________________________ in humans, plants and animals, they aren't all bad ...
as these living
hings are very very small
that are used to build houses
Speaking of which
Although some of the bacteria may cause diseases
一、听力仿真训练
Ⅰ.听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．Who will probably take the tree away
A．Steve. B．Maggie. C．Jim.
强化训练 “在平时”
2．What are the two speakers mainly talking about
A．A plant. B．A decision. C．A course.
3．What are the two speakers mainly talking about
A．The protection of the fish.
B．The colours of the fish.
C．The feelings of the fish.
4．Where is the man going to plant the tree
A．By the front door.
B．At the back of the garage.
C．At the other end of the garden.
5．What does the man think of insects
A．Useful. B．Annoying. C．Dangerous.
Ⅱ.听下面2段对话。每段对话后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．What does the woman suggest doing
A．Choosing a topic.
B．Making a survey.
C．Buying some books.
7．Where will the speakers probably go after the conversation
A．To the library.
B．To a bookstore.
C．To a factory.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．What is the conversation mainly about
A．How Alexa killed her plants.
B．Where Alexa planted her plants.
C．Why Alexa kept her house green.
9．What did Alexa do with her yellow plant
A．She put it in the sunlight.
B．She returned it to the shop.
C．She gave it too much water.
10．What does the man suggest Alexa do
A．Find out more about plants online.
B．Move all her plants out of the sun.
C．Throw all her plants away.
答案：1～5 AABBA 6～10 BAACA
附：听力材料
(Text 1)
W：Jim! Do you want the tree in my front garden
M：Thanks, Maggie. But I don't think I've got anywhere to put it.
W：All right.①Steve said he'd have it if you didn't, so I expect he'll take it away sometime.
(Text 2)
M：②What happened to your indoor plant
W：I don't know. I watered it. I put it next to the window. But I don't think it is doing well. Maybe if I ...
M：Anne, it is dead. It is a lost cause.
(Text 3)
M：③Fish in warm waters come in many different colours.I think their colours help them escape from danger.
W：Well, colour is not always for protection. Some fish use it to show their feelings, such as anger or fear.
(Text 4)
W：Where are you going to plant the tree By the front door
M：No, that would be silly. It'll grow too big. ④I'm going to put it at the back of the garage.
W：I thought it would be better right at the other end of the garden.
M：Oh, no.
(Text 5)
W：I really hate insects. They're so annoying.
M：But I think differently. Many animals eat insects. ⑤If there are no insects, bigger animals will have nothing to eat. Without insects, plants couldn't exist. Also, people couldn't grow crops without insects.
(Text 6)
M：Do you have any ideas on how to start our research on the pollution of the river outside our city
W：Well, since pollution is one of the biggest problems in the world, and polluted water especially is a great danger to health, I think a lot of people are interested in this topic. ⑥Why don't we start with a survey
M：Yeah, a good idea, and then we can also visit some factories along the river.
W：Many factories pour waste water directly into rivers. We should go and see if those factories are doing that.
M：⑦And of course we can go to the library and look for some books on this topic first.
W：⑦OK. Let's start there. Shall we go there now
(Text 7)
M：Oh, no. ⑧What happened here, Alexa Why are there some dead plants
W：I know. ⑧Every plant comes in alive and ends up dead. I definitely do not have a green thumb.
M：People always say that, but it's not that hard to keep house plants. What did you do to care for this one
W：That one had a big flower on it, so I put it in the sunlight.
M：This is a winter plant from north China. It doesn't do well in direct sunlight. Just move it here. Didn't you look up how to care for it when you got it
W：No. I just thought it was pretty, and it was doing OK in the shop.
M：⑨And this one here is all yellow. That means you gave it too much water.
W：Too much water I think if it doesn't need the water, it doesn't have to drink it.
M：That's not how plants work. I'm afraid the root system under the dirt of this one is destroyed. You'll have to throw this one away. ⑩Look, here's an app with plant information.
二、口语交际训练
在电视上看到因冰雪融化而导致北极熊无家可归的节目后，李华和林涛非常担忧。请根据提示完成对话。
Li Hua：Look! With the weather becoming warmer and warmer, the polar bear is in danger.
Lin Tao：Not only the weather but also human activities ①_____
_______________________________________________ (造成了很多野生动物处于灭绝的危险中)．
have
caused many wild animals are in danger of extinction
Li Hua：That's exactly what I am worried about.Traders ②_____
____________________ (从动物身上获利)．For example，they killed the polar bear for its white coat.
Lin Tao：③_______________________________ (那真是对生物多样性的威胁)．
Li Hua：In my opinion，④_______________________________
___________________________________________ (是时候我们采取措施阻止那些非法活动了)．
make
a profit from animals
That's really a threat to biodiversity
it's high time that we should
take/took measures to stop those illegal activities
Lin Tao：I couldn't agree more.If I were one of these endangered animals, I would hope that man could live in harmony with us.
Li Hua：Yes.As a matter of fact，⑤_________________________
________________ (保护环境，人人有责)．
Lin Tao：We teenagers should help people arouse their awareness of wildlife protection.
Li Hua：Let's take action.
it's everyone's duty to protect
the environment
|多积主题表达|
1．natural environments 自然环境
2．the nature's secrets 大自然的奥秘
3．a theory of evolution 进化论
4．the growth process 生长过程
5．be fascinated by 对……极感兴趣
6．the plants and animals 动植物
7．collect some plant samples 收集一些植物标本
8．a variety of new species 各种各样的新物种
9．the spirit of scientific exploration 科学探索精神
10．Earth is home to millions of different species.
地球是数百万不同物种的家园。
11．Many wild animals and plants are in danger of extinction.
许多野生动植物处于灭绝的危险中。
1．After goats in particular had been brought to the island, the Pinta Island tortoise population declined.
特别是在山羊被带到岛上后，平塔岛陆龟的数量减少了。
★decline n．减少；衰落，衰退；下降 v．衰退；下降；谢绝；减少
No.3 新知学习/核心语言点集中释解
[用法感知]
①(“倡议”类写作佳句)There's a widely-held belief that the diversity of species has been in decline in the past few years.
普遍认为过去几年物种多样性减少了。
②(“倡议”类写作佳句)More efforts must be made, because the population of the crane in the wild is on the decline.
必须做出更多的努力，因为野生鹤的数量正在下降。
③The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 30 percent.
直径超过两英尺的树木数量减少了30%。
[归纳点拨]
(1)fall/go into (a) decline 陷入衰退
in decline/on the decline 在衰退/减少/下降
(2)decline by ... 减少了……(后常接分数或百分数)
decline to ... 减少到……(后常接具体的数字)
decline to do sth. 拒绝做某事
[应用融会]
(1)写出下列句中decline的词性和汉语意思
④We asked her to come to our party, but she declined. _______
⑤There has been a sharp decline in profits this year. _______
⑥His health has begun to decline because he is old. _______
⑦The number of staff has declined from 217,000 to 114,000.
_______
v.谢绝
n.下降
v.衰退
v.减少
(2)单句语法填空
⑧The number of tourists to the scenic spot declined ___ 10% last year.
⑨I didn't know why the boy declined __________ (answer) the question.
⑩The intense competition from overseas has caused the cotton industry to go _____ a decline.
by
to answer
into
[名师点津]
(1)常见的表示“增加”的词语：rise, increase, go up等；
(2)常见的表示“减少”的词语：fall, drop, decrease, decline, go down等；
(3)表示“增加”或“减少”的幅度时常用介词by，表示“增加”或“减少”的结果时常用介词to。
2．The extinction of the Pinta Island tortoise is blamed on humans.
平塔岛陆龟的灭绝归咎于人类。
★blame v．责怪，指责；把……归咎于 n．责备；责任
[用法感知]
①(深刻说理句)A man can fail many times, but he isn't a failure until he begins to blame somebody else.一个人可以失败很多次，但是只要他没有开始责怪别人，他就不是一个失败者。
②Don't always blame your own failure on others. Sometimes you yourself are to blame.
不要总把失败归咎于他人，有时该怪你自己。
③Don't blame him for breaking that vase; after all, he is a child.
别怪他打碎了那个花瓶，他毕竟是个孩子。
[归纳点拨]
(1)blame sb. for 因……而责怪/指责某人
blame sth.on sb. 把某事归咎于某人
be to blame (for) 应(为……)承担责任/受责备
(2)put/lay the blame on sb. 把责任归咎于某人
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
④If you fail the exam, you will only have yourself _________ (blame)．
⑤They put the blame ___ us for the failure of the project.
to blame
on
⑥While we can't change the body shape we are born with, we can't blame our genes ____ making us fat.
⑦________ (blame) for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits.
for
Blamed
(2)补全语段
⑧When getting along with others，we shouldn't always ________
__________________.After all, many times we ________________. So _______________________, we should communicate more and put ourselves in others' place.当和其他人相处时，我们不应该总是把错误归咎于他人。毕竟，很多时候我们也负有责任。因此，我们应该多交流和换位思考，而不是指责他人。
[名师点津] be to blame短语中，blame不能用被动形式，该短语为主动形式表示被动含义。
blame
mistakes on others
are also to blame
instead of blaming others
[语言基础训练]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Sympathy is the feeling _____________ (特征) of mankind.
2．Nowadays, some students' physical fitness is _________ (下降) year by year.
No.4 课时跟踪检测
characteristic
declining
3．His father _______ (责怪) him for knocking over the glass carelessly.
4．The big fire destroyed nearly 250 aches of _________ (原始的) forests.
5．The company has employed over 200 people __________ (遍及全世界) since last year.
blamed
primitive
worldwide
6．That's one small step for a man, but one ______ (巨大的) leap for mankind.
7．With the rising of population, the number of _______ (灭绝的) species increased.
8．Flowers grown in a well-equipped greenhouse find it hard to ________ (生存) in the wild.
giant
extinct
survive
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Tianshan is home to a great ________ (diverse) of plants and animals.
2．Nowadays, almost everyone has realized that smoking is ________ (harm) to people's health.
3．The number of tourists to the resort declined ___ 10 percent last month.
diversity
harmful
by
4．It is you rather than he that are ________ (blame) for this terrible accident.
5．Scientists have to work hard to keep pace with modern ___________ (discover) and developments.
6．__________ (eventual) the fire was under control.
7．He looked sad because there were so many problems __________ (remain) to be settled.
to blame
discoveries
Eventually
remaining
8．Her __________ (appear) is not relevant to whether she can be a good teacher.
9．The twins, who ___________ (finish) their homework, were allowed to play badminton on the playground.
10．During his stay in Xi'an, Jerry tried almost all the local foods his friends _________________ (recommend)．
appearance
had finished
had recommended
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．It is said that this kind of plant ________________.
据说这种植物原产于意大利。
2．The mountain is so steep that _________________ so we have to help each other.
这座山太陡了，很难爬，因此我们要互相帮助。
is native to Italy
it is hard to climb
3．I ______________________________ and my dream is to be a football player in the future.
我特别喜欢踢足球，我的梦想是将来成为一名足球运动员。
4．He told us that ________________________ that plan that day.
那天他告诉我们，他已经决定放弃那个计划了。
love playing football in particular
he had decided to give up
5．I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan ___________________ in the past two years.
上个月我被派到了那个村子，去看看过去两年的发展计划是如何执行的。
had been carried out
[语篇综合训练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Everyone who knew anything about animals warned me against getting a rabbit in my early 20s, but I ignored them, and ended up with three.It turns out that all the people who are against rabbits have a point: Rabbits get sick all the time, and there are very few vets (兽医) who specialize in their care.My years with rabbits have been full of feeding, hurried trips to the vet, sleepless nights and begging for advice on the Internet.
Now that my animals are old and weak now, I clear their waste and clean their legs with a rabbit-friendly shampoo (洗涤剂)．I spend a lot of time on the floor, because although my rabbits are hard to satisfy socially, they also hate to be picked up.
I am often asked the question: Why rabbits Why not a dog, or a cat I try to describe what it's like to be with them.I had never felt a real duty towards anything until I had my rabbits.
My answers never satisfy anyone.I'm not sure about the question, either — it so often implies instrumental value, as if the correct reply might be “They make good companions” or “They're nice to look at”．I don't have the right kind of reason.I don't believe in the use value of any living thing.Like humans, animals just are — that's it. Usually we do not look at other people and think about how to make them work for us.Yet so much of our way of seeing the world is founded on the assumption that animals are meant to serve a purpose.This seems wrong.
After all these years with my rabbits, the only thing I know is that there is no lesson to be learned or value to be acquired.There's just an effort to be made, and as far as I'm concerned, that's what life is.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作者从养兔子这件事中获得的一些感悟。
1．Why do people oppose keeping rabbits
A．It's very boring.
B．It costs a fortune.
C．It's rather demanding.
D．It makes the house messy.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“all the people who are against rabbits have a point ...care”可知，兔子经常生病，专门治疗兔子的兽医很少，再结合第一段最后一句可推知，养兔子很费精力。
√
2．Which word can be used to describe the author
A．Considerate. B．Knowledgeable.
C．Sociable. D．Energetic.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可知，作者照顾他的兔子时非常细心，考虑很周到。
√
3．What is the meaning of the underlined sentence in paragraph 4
A．Animals should be treated differently.
B．Animals shouldn't be judged on some purpose.
C．The value of animals shouldn't be ignored.
D．Humans should live in harmony with animals.
√
解析：句意理解题。根据第三段和第四段的内容可知，作者经常会被问到为什么养兔子而不是养狗或猫，他认为这一问题常常暗示工具价值，人们看待世界的方式大多建立在动物起到某一作用这一假设上，作者认为这是不正确的。由此可以推知，画线句表达的意思是人们不应该基于某种作用来评判动物。
4．What effect does raising rabbits have on the author
A．He keeps being true to himself.
B．He reflects on his life more deeply.
C．He learns to value others' opinion.
D．He realizes the meaning of life.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，养兔子的经历让作者意识到努力才是生活的意义。
√
Ⅱ.语法填空
The Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region， 1 (surround) by advancing deserts on three sides，is one of the major sources of sandstorms which threaten northern China.The region lacks water resources 2 faces extreme weather events.If no actions 3 (take), the region will face the threat of being buried by sand as no 4 (defend) can stop the advancing deserts and repetitive strong sandstorms.
More than four decades of efforts against desertification in Ningxia have helped develop crucial experience.Growing different trees based on different habitats is 5 (critic) to maintaining the forests' quality and sustainability.In Shapotou District，Zhongwei City，wild shrubs(灌木) are planted because of the 6 (extreme) low groundwater.Shrubs help lower the wind speed，preventing the transportation 7 sands to neighboring areas.At the same time，the organisms 8 (live) on the shrubs gradually form biological soil coats to hold the sand firmly.
By the end of 2020，Ningxia 9 (grow) 510,000 hectares of forest，increasing forest coverage from 8.4 percent in 2000 to 15.8 percent.During 10 “14th Five-Year Plan”period，Ningxia plans to create 96,000 hectares of forest and restore over 66,000 hectares of grassland.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了宁夏回族自治区的防沙治沙工作。
1．surrounded 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词形式，surround与逻辑主语构成被动关系，应用过去分词形式作定语。
2．and 考查连词。前后文为并列关系，应用连词and。
3．are taken 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，actions与take构成被动关系，且主句为一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来，主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。
4．defence/defense 考查名词。此处作从句的主语，表示“防御”，应用名词形式，故填defence/defense。
5．critical 考查形容词。此处作表语，表示“至关重要的”，应用形容词形式。
6．extremely 考查副词。修饰后文形容词low应用副词作状语。
7．from 考查介词。结合句意表示“从……到……”的短语为from ...to ...。
8．living 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，live在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与其逻辑主语organisms构成主动关系，应用现在分词作定语。
9．had grown 考查时态。根据时间状语By the end of 2020可知，应用过去完成时。
10．the 考查冠词。此处特指“十四五”期间，应用定冠词the。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，上周日你校举办了“学农活动”——参观绿色蔬菜基地，了解科学种植，同时参与实践活动。请你以“An Agricultural Activity”为题，写一篇报道。内容包括：
1．活动的目的； 2．活动的过程；3．你的感想和反馈。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
根据提示补全作文，注意本单元时态的使用
An Agricultural Activity
Last Sunday, an agricultural activity was successfully carried out in our school, which aimed to ①_______________________________
___________ (帮助我们了解更多的农业知识)and get close to nature.
help us learn more knowledge of
agriculture
Students of three grades and all teachers gathered on the playground at 8 am.Then we all ②_______________________________ (向绿色蔬菜基地出发)in our town，③___________________________
________________________ (在那里我们非常高兴地听了介绍)and take notes on the directions.Afterwards, agricultural professors taught us useful knowledge about planting skills, vegetable growth process and so on.Finally, we were allowed to help them ④_______________ (给植物浇水)．
marched to the green vegetable base
where we were so delighted to
listen to the introduction
water the plants
⑤______________________________________________________ (那是我第一次参加这种活动)．I gained numerous knowledge on agriculture and have become interested in it through this meaningful activity.
It was the first time that I had taken part in such an activitySection Ⅲ Using language
语法项目——过去完成时
初识语法——在美文运用中体悟
Pulitzer quickly became a successful journalist and by the age of 25, he had become①a publisher.In 1878, he founded the newspaper the St Louis Post Dispatch.Pulitzer worked tirelessly, from early morning until midnight.His paper published articles about politics and social issues, accusing government officials of dishonesty and wealthy people of not paying their taxes.Sales of the newspaper shot up.In 1883, Pulitzer bought the New York World.He used the same business strategy he had employed② at the St Louis Post Dispatch and sales of the newspaper mounted up until it was the best selling newspaper in the country.
①所在句中含有by引导的时间状语，表示某一动作或状态在过去某一时刻之前或过去某一动作之前已经完成。
②所在句中he had employed at the St Louis Post Dispatch是the same business strategy的定语从句，employ的动作发生在use的动作之前，表示“过去的过去”。
慧学语法——在归纳演绎中学通
(一)过去完成时的构成及基本用法
1．过去完成时的构成为：had＋过去分词，否定式是在had后加not，疑问式是把had提前。
2．表示在过去某一时刻之前已经完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。时间状语为by, before, until等介词(短语)搭配过去的时间点，或by, before, until等引导的使用了过去时的时间状语从句。
3．表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到另一个较后的过去时间的动作或状态，时间状语常用“for＋时间段”或“since＋时间点”。
4．表示未曾实现的愿望或打算，主要用于hope, want, expect, think, suppose, plan, mean, intend等动词。
[对点练] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
①She ____________ (learn) some English before she came to England.
②Until then he ____________ (know) nothing about it.
③I ____________ (finish) cooking dinner before you came back.
④She said that she ____________ (make) great progress since she came here.
⑤____________________________ at the airport, but I was too busy.
我本来打算去机场接你们，但我太忙了。
⑥________________ the pain to be so unendurable.他没料到会如此疼痛难忍。
(二)主从复合句中的过去完成时
1．在主从复合句中，若主从句的动作都发生在过去，且有先后关系，动作在前的要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。
2．在包含before和after的主从复合句中，因为从句动作和主句动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。
The train (had) started before I reached the station.在我到达车站之前，火车已经开了。
After he (had) arrived in England, he worked hard to improve his English.
他到达英国之后，努力提高他的英语水平。
[对点练] (完成句子)
①(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)My teacher called me to his office, telling me that ____________________________ in the writing contest.
我的老师把我叫到办公室，告诉我，我在写作竞赛中获得了第一名。
②(2023·全国乙卷书面表达)I felt so proud that I shared housework with my parents, which also showed __________________________.
我为自己能帮助父母分担家务而感到自豪，这也表明我已经长大了。
③The moment he handed in his exam paper, he realized ___________________________.
他刚一交上考卷就意识到忘了写名字。
(三)固定句型中的过去完成时
1．主语＋had hardly/scarcely/no sooner＋过去分词＋when/than从句(从句用一般过去时；hardly, scarcely, no sooner位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装)；
2．It was＋一段时间＋since从句(从句用过去完成时)；
3．It was the first/second ...time＋that从句(从句用过去完成时)；
4．主句(过去完成时)＋by the time ...(从句用一般过去时)。
[对点练] (完成句子)
①I ____________________________ home than it began to rain.
我刚到家就开始下雨了。
②It was at least three months since ____________________.
我离开北京至少有3个月了。
③It was the first time that I ______________ in English.
这是我第一次用英语在网上聊天。
④By the time I got to the station, the train ______________________.
我赶到车站时，火车已经离开了。
(四)过去完成时与一般过去时及现在完成时的区别
1．过去完成时与一般过去时的区别
时态 相同点 不同点
一般过去时 都含有过去的时间状语 动作发生在过去，常有具体的过去时间状语
过去完成时 动作发生在“过去的过去”，含不具体的过去时间状语
Alex came to London three years ago.
亚历克斯是三年前来伦敦的。
Alex had been in London for over three years by the time he finished his studies.亚历克斯结束他的学业的时候，已经在伦敦待了三年多了。
[图解助记]
[名师点津] 过去完成时不能单独出现，它必须有一个过去的时间作参照点，而一般过去时，则可以独立使用。
2．过去完成时与现在完成时的区别
时态 相同点 不同点
现在完成时 动作都发生在过去 以“现在”作为时间参照来谈论过去
过去完成时 以“过去”作为时间参照来谈论更远的过去
I have lived in Thailand for five years.
我已经在泰国住了五年了。(从过去某时刻到现在这个时间点有5年了)
I had lived in Thailand for five years before I went to China.
在去中国之前，我已经在泰国住了五年了。(从过去某时刻到去中国那个时间点有5年了)
[图解助记]
[对点练] (翻译句子)
①我在上学前就已经读过这本书了。
②到目前为止，我没有他的任何消息。
③到去年为止，我已经学了四年英语了。
④当你们到达电影院时，电影开始了半个小时了吗？
活用语法——在针对训练中提能
用所给词的适当形式完成下面短文
One day in winter
My hometown is located in a very habitable valley where the people live in a harmonious atmosphere.I still remember last winter, when I woke up in the morning, it ①________ already ________ (stop) snowing.Looking outside of the window, the shiny white snow on our lawn ②__________ (clean) by my father.I closed the book that ③________________ (borrow) from local library and went downstairs for breakfast, which ④________________ (prepare) well on the kitchen table.Then my little brother came to tell me that he ⑤________________ (finish) all his homework and he had a very nice dream the night before.During the breakfast, we talked about his dream.He said he ⑥______________ (go) to ski in the mountains with me and our parents, and we really ⑦________________ (have) a good day there.After breakfast, I really went out to play snow with my little brother for half a day.It was the first time that we ⑧________________ (enjoy) ourselves together.It was really a happy day.
教材听力“三关过”
一、过词汇关——词块互译
1．____________ 分解
2．____________ 科学课程
3．____________ 在……水平上
4．the vast majority of ____________
5．at the other end of ____________
6．have an important role ____________
二、过泛听关——听教材录音选最佳答案
1．What are they discussing in the programme
A．Microscope.
B．Microorganisms.
C．Science.
2.Why are bacteria useful
A．They make people's stomach turn.
B．They help people digest.
C．They consume cheese.
3.Which of the following is true
A．Not all the bacteria are bad.
B．Bacteria can offer nutrients.
C．Bacteria can't break down fallen leaves.
三、过精听关——依据教材听力完成句子
1．But you can only see them with a microscope, __________________________________.
2．They are like bricks ____________________.
3．________________， most of the bacteria in your body help with digestion.
4．______________________________________ in humans, plants and animals, they aren't all bad ...
强化训练“在平时”
一、听力仿真训练
Ⅰ.听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．Who will probably take the tree away
A．Steve. B．Maggie. C．Jim.
2．What are the two speakers mainly talking about
A．A plant. B．A decision. C．A course.
3．What are the two speakers mainly talking about
A．The protection of the fish.
B．The colours of the fish.
C．The feelings of the fish.
4．Where is the man going to plant the tree
A．By the front door.
B．At the back of the garage.
C．At the other end of the garden.
5．What does the man think of insects
A．Useful. B．Annoying. C．Dangerous.
Ⅱ.听下面2段对话。每段对话后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．What does the woman suggest doing
A．Choosing a topic.
B．Making a survey.
C．Buying some books.
7．Where will the speakers probably go after the conversation
A．To the library.
B．To a bookstore.
C．To a factory.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．What is the conversation mainly about
A．How Alexa killed her plants.
B．Where Alexa planted her plants.
C．Why Alexa kept her house green.
9．What did Alexa do with her yellow plant
A．She put it in the sunlight.
B．She returned it to the shop.
C．She gave it too much water.
10．What does the man suggest Alexa do
A．Find out more about plants online.
B．Move all her plants out of the sun.
C．Throw all her plants away.
二、口语交际训练
在电视上看到因冰雪融化而导致北极熊无家可归的节目后，李华和林涛非常担忧。请根据提示完成对话。
Li Hua：Look! With the weather becoming warmer and warmer, the polar bear is in danger.
Lin Tao：Not only the weather but also human activities ①____________________________ (造成了很多野生动物处于灭绝的危险中)．
Li Hua：That's exactly what I am worried about.Traders ②______________________ (从动物身上获利)．For example，they killed the polar bear for its white coat.
Lin Tao：③______________________________ (那真是对生物多样性的威胁)．
Li Hua：In my opinion, ④________________________________________________ (是时候我们采取措施阻止那些非法活动了)．
Lin Tao：I couldn't agree more.If I were one of these endangered animals, I would hope that man could live in harmony with us.
Li Hua：Yes.As a matter of fact, ⑤__________________________ (保护环境，人人有责)．
Lin Tao：We teenagers should help people arouse their awareness of wildlife protection.
Li Hua：Let's take action.
|多积主题表达|
1．natural environments 自然环境
2．the nature's secrets 大自然的奥秘
3．a theory of evolution 进化论
4．the growth process 生长过程
5．be fascinated by 对……极感兴趣
6．the plants and animals 动植物
7．collect some plant samples 收集一些植物标本
8．a variety of new species 各种各样的新物种
9．the spirit of scientific exploration 科学探索精神
10．Earth is home to millions of different species.
地球是数百万不同物种的家园。
11．Many wild animals and plants are in danger of extinction.
许多野生动植物处于灭绝的危险中。
1．After goats in particular had been brought to the island, the Pinta Island tortoise population declined.特别是在山羊被带到岛上后，平塔岛陆龟的数量减少了。
★decline n．减少；衰落，衰退；下降 v．衰退；下降；谢绝；减少
[用法感知]
①(“倡议”类写作佳句)There's a widely held belief that the diversity of species has been in decline in the past few years.
普遍认为过去几年物种多样性减少了。
②(“倡议”类写作佳句)More efforts must be made, because the population of the crane in the wild is on the decline.必须做出更多的努力，因为野生鹤的数量正在下降。
③The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 30 percent.
直径超过两英尺的树木数量减少了30%。
[归纳点拨]
(1)fall/go into (a) decline 陷入衰退
in decline/on the decline 在衰退/减少/下降
(2)decline by ... 减少了……(后常接分数或百分数)
decline to ... 减少到……(后常接具体的数字)
decline to do sth. 拒绝做某事
[应用融会]
(1)写出下列句中decline的词性和汉语意思
④We asked her to come to our party, but she declined.____________
⑤There has been a sharp decline in profits this year.____________
⑥His health has begun to decline because he is old.____________
⑦The number of staff has declined from 217,000 to 114,000.____________
(2)单句语法填空
⑧The number of tourists to the scenic spot declined ________ 10% last year.
⑨I didn't know why the boy declined ____________________ (answer) the question.
⑩The intense competition from overseas has caused the cotton industry to go __________ a decline.
[名师点津]
(1)常见的表示“增加”的词语：rise, increase, go up等；
(2)常见的表示“减少”的词语：fall, drop, decrease, decline, go down等；
(3)表示“增加”或“减少”的幅度时常用介词by，表示“增加”或“减少”的结果时常用介词to。
2．The extinction of the Pinta Island tortoise is blamed on humans.
平塔岛陆龟的灭绝归咎于人类。
★blame v．责怪，指责；把……归咎于 n．责备；责任
[用法感知]
①(深刻说理句)A man can fail many times, but he isn't a failure until he begins to blame somebody else.一个人可以失败很多次，但是只要他没有开始责怪别人，他就不是一个失败者。
②Don't always blame your own failure on others. Sometimes you yourself are to blame.
不要总把失败归咎于他人，有时该怪你自己。
③Don't blame him for breaking that vase; after all, he is a child.
别怪他打碎了那个花瓶，他毕竟是个孩子。
[归纳点拨]
(1)blame sb. for 因……而责怪/指责某人
blame sth.on sb. 把某事归咎于某人
be to blame (for) 应(为……)承担责任/受责备
(2)put/lay the blame on sb. 把责任归咎于某人
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
④If you fail the exam, you will only have yourself ____________ (blame)．
⑤They put the blame ________ us for the failure of the project.
⑥While we can't change the body shape we are born with, we can't blame our genes ______ making us fat.
⑦____________ (blame) for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits.
(2)补全语段
⑧When getting along with others，we shouldn't always ____________________.After all, many times we ________________________.So ______________， we should communicate more and put ourselves in others' place.
当和其他人相处时，我们不应该总是把错误归咎于他人。毕竟，很多时候我们也负有责任。因此，我们应该多交流和换位思考，而不是指责他人。
[名师点津] be to blame短语中，blame不能用被动形式，该短语为主动形式表示被动含义。
Section Ⅲ
NO.1 语法专区
慧学语法
(一)[对点练] ①had learned ②had known ③had finished
④had made ⑤I had intended to go to pick you up
⑥He had not expected
(二)[对点练] ①I had taken the first place ②I had grown up ③he had forgotten to write down his name
(三)[对点练] ①had no sooner reached ②I had left Beijing
③had chatted online ④had already gone
(四)[对点练] ①I had read the book before I started school.
②I have heard nothing from him up to now. ③By last year I had learned English for four years. ④Had the movie been on for half an hour when you got to the cinema
活用语法
①had; stopped ②had been cleaned ③had been borrowed
④had been prepared ⑤had finished ⑥had gone ⑦had had
⑧had enjoyed
NO.2 听说专区
教材听力“三关过”
一、1.break down 2.a science programme 3.at the level of
4．绝大部分；绝大多数 5.在……的另一端
6．具有重要作用
二、1～3 BBA
三、1.as these living things are very very small
2．that are used to build houses 3.Speaking of which
4．Although some of the bacteria may cause diseases
强化训练“在平时”
一、1～5 AABBA 6～10 BAACA
附：听力材料
(Text 1)
W：Jim! Do you want the tree in my front garden
M：Thanks, Maggie. But I don't think I've got anywhere to put it.
W：All right.①Steve said he'd have it if you didn't, so I expect he'll take it away sometime.
(Text 2)
M：②What happened to your indoor plant
W：I don't know. I watered it. I put it next to the window. But I don't think it is doing well. Maybe if I ...
M：Anne, it is dead. It is a lost cause.
(Text 3)
M：③Fish in warm waters come in many different colours.I think their colours help them escape from danger.
W：Well, colour is not always for protection. Some fish use it to show their feelings, such as anger or fear.
(Text 4)
W：Where are you going to plant the tree By the front door
M：No, that would be silly. It'll grow too big. ④I'm going to put it at the back of the garage.
W：I thought it would be better right at the other end of the garden.
M：Oh, no.
(Text 5)
W：I really hate insects. They're so annoying.
M：But I think differently. Many animals eat insects. ⑤If there are no insects, bigger animals will have nothing to eat. Without insects, plants couldn't exist. Also, people couldn't grow crops without insects.
(Text 6)
M：Do you have any ideas on how to start our research on the pollution of the river outside our city
W：Well, since pollution is one of the biggest problems in the world, and polluted water especially is a great danger to health, I think a lot of people are interested in this topic. ⑥Why don't we start with a survey
M：Yeah, a good idea, and then we can also visit some factories along the river.
W：Many factories pour waste water directly into rivers. We should go and see if those factories are doing that.
M：⑦And of course we can go to the library and look for some books on this topic first.
W：⑦OK. Let's start there. Shall we go there now
(Text 7)
M：Oh, no. ⑧What happened here, Alexa Why are there some dead plants
W：I know. ⑧Every plant comes in alive and ends up dead. I definitely do not have a green thumb.
M：People always say that, but it's not that hard to keep house plants. What did you do to care for this one
W：That one had a big flower on it, so I put it in the sunlight.
M：This is a winter plant from north China. It doesn't do well in direct sunlight. Just move it here. Didn't you look up how to care for it when you got it
W：No. I just thought it was pretty, and it was doing OK in the shop.
M：⑨And this one here is all yellow. That means you gave it too much water.
W：Too much water I think if it doesn't need the water, it doesn't have to drink it.
M：That's not how plants work. I'm afraid the root system under the dirt of this one is destroyed. You'll have to throw this one away. ⑩Look, here's an app with plant information.
二、①have caused many wild animals are in danger of extinction ②make a profit from animals ③That's really a threat to biodiversity ④it's high time that we should take/took measures to stop those illegal activities
⑤it's everyone's duty to protect the environment
NO.3 新知学习
1．④v.谢绝 ⑤n.下降 ⑥v.衰退 ⑦v.减少 ⑧by
⑨to answer ⑩into
2．④to blame ⑤on ⑥for ⑦Blamed ⑧blame mistakes on others; are also to blame; instead of blaming othersUNIT 5 课时检测(三) Using language
[语言基础训练]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Sympathy is the feeling ____________ (特征) of mankind.
2．Nowadays, some students' physical fitness is ____________ (下降) year by year.
3．His father ____________ (责怪) him for knocking over the glass carelessly.
4．The big fire destroyed nearly 250 aches of __________________ (原始的) forests.
5．The company has employed over 200 people ________________ (遍及全世界) since last year.
6．That's one small step for a man, but one ______ (巨大的) leap for mankind.
7．With the rising of population, the number of ________________ (灭绝的) species increased.
8．Flowers grown in a well equipped greenhouse find it hard to ____________ (生存) in the wild.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Tianshan is home to a great __________ (diverse) of plants and animals.
2．Nowadays, almost everyone has realized that smoking is ____________ (harm) to people's health.
3．The number of tourists to the resort declined ____ 10 percent last month.
4．It is you rather than he that are ______________ (blame) for this terrible accident.
5．Scientists have to work hard to keep pace with modern __________ (discover) and developments.
6．________________ (eventual) the fire was under control.
7．He looked sad because there were so many problems ________________ (remain) to be settled.
8．Her ________________ (appear) is not relevant to whether she can be a good teacher.
9．The twins, who ________________ (finish) their homework, were allowed to play badminton on the playground.
10．During his stay in Xi'an, Jerry tried almost all the local foods his friends ________________ (recommend)．
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．It is said that this kind of plant ________________.
据说这种植物原产于意大利。
2．The mountain is so steep that ________________ so we have to help each other.
这座山太陡了，很难爬，因此我们要互相帮助。
3．I ____________________________ and my dream is to be a football player in the future.我特别喜欢踢足球，我的梦想是将来成为一名足球运动员。
4．He told us that __________________________ that plan that day.
那天他告诉我们，他已经决定放弃那个计划了。
5．I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan __________________________ in the past two years.上个月我被派到了那个村子，去看看过去两年的发展计划是如何执行的。
[语篇综合训练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Everyone who knew anything about animals warned me against getting a rabbit in my early 20s, but I ignored them, and ended up with three.It turns out that all the people who are against rabbits have a point: Rabbits get sick all the time, and there are very few vets (兽医) who specialize in their care.My years with rabbits have been full of feeding, hurried trips to the vet, sleepless nights and begging for advice on the Internet.
Now that my animals are old and weak now, I clear their waste and clean their legs with a rabbit friendly shampoo (洗涤剂)．I spend a lot of time on the floor, because although my rabbits are hard to satisfy socially, they also hate to be picked up.
I am often asked the question: Why rabbits Why not a dog, or a cat I try to describe what it's like to be with them.I had never felt a real duty towards anything until I had my rabbits.
My answers never satisfy anyone.I'm not sure about the question, either — it so often implies instrumental value, as if the correct reply might be “They make good companions” or “They're nice to look at”．I don't have the right kind of reason.I don't believe in the use value of any living thing.Like_humans,_animals_just_are_—_that's_it. Usually we do not look at other people and think about how to make them work for us.Yet so much of our way of seeing the world is founded on the assumption that animals are meant to serve a purpose.This seems wrong.
After all these years with my rabbits, the only thing I know is that there is no lesson to be learned or value to be acquired.There's just an effort to be made, and as far as I'm concerned, that's what life is.
1．Why do people oppose keeping rabbits
A．It's very boring.
B．It costs a fortune.
C．It's rather demanding.
D．It makes the house messy.
2．Which word can be used to describe the author
A．Considerate. B．Knowledgeable.
C．Sociable. D．Energetic.
3．What is the meaning of the underlined sentence in paragraph 4
A．Animals should be treated differently.
B．Animals shouldn't be judged on some purpose.
C．The value of animals shouldn't be ignored.
D．Humans should live in harmony with animals.
4．What effect does raising rabbits have on the author
A．He keeps being true to himself.
B．He reflects on his life more deeply.
C．He learns to value others' opinion.
D．He realizes the meaning of life.
Ⅱ.语法填空
The Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region，__1__(surround) by advancing deserts on three sides，is one of the major sources of sandstorms which threaten northern China.The region lacks water resources __2__ faces extreme weather events.If no actions __3__ (take), the region will face the threat of being buried by sand as no __4__ (defend) can stop the advancing deserts and repetitive strong sandstorms.
More than four decades of efforts against desertification in Ningxia have helped develop crucial experience.Growing different trees based on different habitats is __5__(critic) to maintaining the forests' quality and sustainability.In Shapotou District，Zhongwei City，wild shrubs (灌木) are planted because of the __6__(extreme) low groundwater.Shrubs help lower the wind speed，preventing the transportation __7__ sands to neighboring areas.At the same time，the organisms __8__(live) on the shrubs gradually form biological soil coats to hold the sand firmly.
By the end of 2020，Ningxia __9__(grow) 510,000 hectares of forest，increasing forest coverage from 8.4 percent in 2000 to 15.8 percent.During __10__ “14th Five Year Plan”period，Ningxia plans to create 96,000 hectares of forest and restore over 66,000 hectares of grassland.
Ⅲ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，上周日你校举办了“学农活动”——参观绿色蔬菜基地，了解科学种植，同时参与实践活动。请你以“An Agricultural Activity”为题，写一篇报道。内容包括：
1．活动的目的；
2．活动的过程；
3．你的感想和反馈。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
根据提示补全作文，注意本单元时态的使用
An Agricultural Activity
Last Sunday, an agricultural activity was successfully carried out in our school, which aimed to ①______________________________________ (帮助我们了解更多的农业知识) and get close to nature.
Students of three grades and all teachers gathered on the playground at 8 am.Then we all ②______________________________ (向绿色蔬菜基地出发) in our town, ③________________________________________________ (在那里我们非常高兴地听了介绍) and take notes on the directions.Afterwards, agricultural professors taught us useful knowledge about planting skills, vegetable growth process and so on.Finally, we were allowed to help them ④________________ (给植物浇水)．
⑤_______________________________________________________ (那是我第一次参加这种活动)．I gained numerous knowledge on agriculture and have become interested in it through this meaningful activity.
UNIT 5 课时检测(三)
[语言基础训练]
Ⅰ.1.characteristic 2.declining 3.blamed 4.primitive
5．worldwide 6.giant 7.extinct 8.survive
Ⅱ.1.diversity 2.harmful 3.by 4.to blame 5.discoveries 6.Eventually 7.remaining 8.appearance 9.had finished 10.had recommended
Ⅲ.1.is native to Italy 2.it is hard to climb
3．love playing football in particular 4.he had decided to give up
5．had been carried out
[语篇综合训练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作者从养兔子这件事中获得的一些感悟。
1．选C 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“all the people who are against rabbits have a point ...care”可知，兔子经常生病，专门治疗兔子的兽医很少，再结合第一段最后一句可推知，养兔子很费精力。
2．选A 推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可知，作者照顾他的兔子时非常细心，考虑很周到。
3．选B 句意理解题。根据第三段和第四段的内容可知，作者经常会被问到为什么养兔子而不是养狗或猫，他认为这一问题常常暗示工具价值，人们看待世界的方式大多建立在动物起到某一作用这一假设上，作者认为这是不正确的。由此可以推知，画线句表达的意思是人们不应该基于某种作用来评判动物。
4．选D 推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，养兔子的经历让作者意识到努力才是生活的意义。
Ⅱ.语法填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了宁夏回族自治区的防沙治沙工作。
1．surrounded 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词形式，surround与逻辑主语构成被动关系，应用过去分词形式作定语。
2．and 考查连词。前后文为并列关系，应用连词and。
3．are taken 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，actions与take构成被动关系，且主句为一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来，主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。
4．defence/defense 考查名词。此处作从句的主语，表示“防御”，应用名词形式，故填defence/defense。
5．critical 考查形容词。此处作表语，表示“至关重要的”，应用形容词形式。
6．extremely 考查副词。修饰后文形容词low应用副词作状语。
7．from 考查介词。结合句意表示“从……到……”的短语为from ...to ...。
8．living 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，live在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与其逻辑主语organisms构成主动关系，应用现在分词作定语。
9．had grown 考查时态。根据时间状语By the end of 2020可知，应用过去完成时。
10．the 考查冠词。此处特指“十四五”期间，应用定冠词the。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
①help us learn more knowledge of agriculture ②marched to the green vegetable base ③where we were so delighted to listen to the introduction ④water the plants
⑤It was the first time that I had taken part in such an activity
