/ 让教学更有效 英语学科
Unit 3 Same or Different？ 单词解析二
1.pleasure (名词)乐事、愉快、荣幸
[用法讲解] pleasure为可数名词时，表示“具体的令人愉快的事物或活动”;pleasure为不可数名词时，表示“抽象的快乐感”;pleasure还可为动词，译为“使高兴、使满意”。
Eg: The concert was a real pleasure.
这场音乐会真是令人愉快。
A cup of coffee is a small but delightful pleasure.
一杯咖啡是一种虽小但令人愉快的享受。
It pleasures me to see you so happy.
看到你如此高兴，我很高兴。
[常见搭配] for pleasure 为了消遣
with pleasure乐意地、高兴地
take (great) pleasure in doing sth.乐于做某事、喜欢做某事
Eg: I took a walk in the park for pleasure.
我在公园里散步是为了消遣。
She was positively beaming with pleasure.
她的确喜不自胜。
He takes great pleasure in painting.
他非常喜欢画画。
[派生词] pleased为形容词，译为“感到高兴的”(修饰人);
pleasing为形容词，译为“令人高兴的”(修饰物);
pleasant为形容词，译为“令人愉快的”。
Eg: He is pleased with the result.
他对结果很满意。
The painting has a very pleasing color scheme.
这幅画的色彩搭配非常令人愉悦。
We had a pleasant evening together.
我们一起度过了一个愉快的夜晚。
[即学即用]
It is a ________ (pleasant) to welcome you to our home.
答案:pleasure
2.have sth. in common有共同之处
Eg: They have something in common.
他们有一些共同点。
[知识拓展]common为形容词，译为“普通的、常见的”;common还可作名词，译为“公共用地”。
Eg:It's common to make a roast dinner on a Sunday here.
在这周日制作一顿烤肉晚餐很正常。
The children were playing in the common.
孩子们正在公共用地上玩耍。
[常见搭配] common sense 常识
common people普通人
common interest共同利益
Eg: Use your common sense.
用一用你的常识吧。
The purpose is to ensure a good service for the common people.
保证为人民服务宗旨的贯彻。
This is in the common interest of the third world.
这是第三世界的共同利益。
[即学即用]
他们有很多共同的兴趣。
They _______ many interests ______ _______.
答案:have;in common
3.appearance (名词) 外表、露面
[用法讲解] appearance作可数名词，还可译为“演出、出版”，其复数形式为appearances。
Eg: The car has a sleek appearance.
这辆车外观流畅。
He made an appearance at the charity event.
他在慈善活动中露面了。
The singer made a successful appearance on the stage.
歌手在舞台上成功演出。
The new book will make its appearance next month.
新书将于下月出版。
[常见搭配] judge by/ on appearance 以貌取人
in appearance 在外表上、外观上
Eg: You can't judge a person by their appearance.
你不能仅凭外表判断一个人。
The painting looks beautiful in appearance, but it's made of cheap materials.
这幅画外表很美，但材料很廉价。
[派生词] appear为动词，译为“出现、显得”;
apparent为形容词，译为“明显的、显然的”。
Eg: She appeared on stage to a warm welcome.
她在热烈的掌声中登台。
The answer is apparent in the question.
答案在问题中显而易见。
[即学即用]
She sets great store by her___________(appear).
答案:appearance
4.personality(名词)性格、品质
[用法讲解] personality为可数名词时，表示“有图出个性的人/多种不同的性格”; personality为不可数名词时，表示“个性、人格、特色”等。
Eg: Their son is a real personality.
他们的儿子真是有个性。
The children all have very different personalities.
孩子们的性格各不相同。
His wife has a strong personality.
他妻子的个性很强。
We need someone with lots of personality.
我们需要一位富有魅力的人。
Modern buildings lack personality.
现代建筑缺乏特色。
[常见搭配] develop one's personality发展个性
personality traits 性格特征
in one's personality 在某人的性格中
Eg: College is a great place to develop one's personality.
大学是培养个性的好地方。
Some common personality traits include honesty, bravery and loyalty.
There is a sense of humor in his personality.
他的性格中有一种幽默感。
[派生词] person为可数名词，译为“人”;
personal为形容词，译为“个人的、私人的”。
Eg: There is a person near the gate.
大门附近有一个人。
This is a very personal decision for her.
这对她来说是一个非常私人的决定。
[即学即用]
She has a sweet , lively____________(personal).
答案:personality
5.serious (形容词)严肃的、严重的
Eg: He looked serious when he heard the news.
他听到这个消息时，表情严肃。
The doctor told him that his illness was serious.
医生告诉他，他的病很严重。
[常见搭配] be serious about ...对...认真/严肃
be serious in ...在...方面严肃
be serious with sb.对某人严肃
Eg: He is serious about his studies.
他对学习很认真。
She is serious in her work.
她在工作方面很严肃。
The teacher was serious with the students who didn't do their homework.
老师对那些没做作业的学生很严肃。
[派生词] seriously为副词，译为“严肃地、认真地”。
Eg: You should take your health seriously.
你应该认真对待你的健康。
[即学即用]
( )He has read many books on history, so it’s _____ for him to answer these questions.
A.hard B. impossible C. easy D.serious
答案:C
6.strength (名词) 优势、力量
[用法讲解] strength为不可数名词时，表示“力 量、体力”;strength为可数名词时，表示“长处”。
Eg: She didn't have the strength to walk further.
她没力气继续走。
Maths and English are her strengths.
数学和英语是她的强项。
[常见搭配] with all one's strength用尽全身力气
build up one's strength增强体力
from strength to strength越来越强大
Eg: He pushed the rock with all her strength.
他用尽全身力气推石头。
Regular exercise can help build up one's strength.
经常锻炼有助于增强体力。
The company has gone from strength to strength since it was founded.
自从成立以来，公司不断壮大。
[派生词] strong为形容词，译为“强壮的、有力的”;
strengthen为动词，译为“加强、使更强大”。
Eg: He is strong enough to lift the heavy box.
他足够强壮，能举起那个重箱子。
Exercise can strengthen your muscles.
锻炼可以增强你的肌肉。
[即学即用]
He is a man of great ________ (strong).
答案:strength
7.fact (名词) 事实、现实
Eg: The fact is we don't have enough money.
事实是我们没有那么多钱。
[常见搭配] in fact 实际上
as a matter of fact事实上
Eg: In fact, the project was completed ahead of schedule.
实际上，这个项目提前完成了。
As a matter of fact, I have already finished my homework.
事实上，我已经完成了作业。
[即学即用]
事实上，他来自美国。
______ _______, he is from America.
答案:In fact
8.slim (形容词)苗条的、薄的
[用法讲解] slim作形容词，还可译为“微薄的、渺茫的”;slim还可为动词，译为“减肥、缩减”。
Eg: I wish I was as slim as you.
我希望我能像你一样苗条。
He lived on a slim income.
他靠微博的收入生活。
His chances for getting the scholarship were very slim.
他得到奖学金的希望很渺茫。
She is trying to slim by jogging.
她正用跑步来减肥。
The company recently slimmed its product line.
公司最近压缩了产品线。
[常见搭配] slim down减肥、变瘦
Eg: He's been trying to slim down by going to the gym every day.
他每天都去健身房，试着减肥。
[即学即用]
( )1Most girls like to stay ______.
A.slim B.strong C.fat D.skinny
答案:A
9.population (名词)人口
[用法讲解] population为集合名词，使用时注意以下几点:
(1) 形容人口多或少时用large/big 或small, 不能用many, few, much或little.
Eg: The population of China is very large.
中国的人口非常大。
(2) 表示“某地有多少人口”的句型是:
“The population of+某地+is/was+ 数”或“某地 + has a population of +数”
Eg: The population of Australia is more than twenty million.
= Australia has a population of more than twenty million.
澳大利亚的人口为两千多万。
(3) 询问“某地有多少人口”的句型是:
“What's the population of ... ” 或“How large is the population of ... ”
而不能用how many 或 how much.
Eg: What's the population of Nanjing
= How large is the population of Nanjing
南京的人口是多少
(4) population 与分数或百分数连用作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
Eg: More than 50 percent of the population of the city are workers.
这个城市超过50%的人口是工人。
[常见搭配] population growth 人口增长
aging population 老龄化人口
floating population 流动人口
Eg: Rapid population growth challenges sustainable development.
人口快速增长对可持续发展构成挑战。
Japan faces challenges due to its aging population.
日本面临着老龄化人口带来的挑战。
The floating population in Shanghai exceeds 10 million.
上海的流动人口超过1000万。
[即学即用]
( )Beijing has got ______ population of more than 13.8 million.
A.the B. a C. an D./
答案:B
10.km(= kilometre/kilometer)千米、公里
Eg: The distance between the two cities is 200 km.
两个城市之间的距离是200公里。
11.average (形容词)平均的、平常的
[用法讲解] average还可作名词，译为“平均水平、一般标准、平均数”。
Eg: I was just an average sort of student.
我只是一个普通的学生。
Her grades are average,neither excellent nor poor.
她的成绩中等，既不优秀也不差。
His school work is above the average.
他的学业成绩属中等以上。
[常见搭配] on (the) average平均
average sort of ...普通的、平常的
Eg: On (the) average, we receive ten letters each day.
我们平均每天收到10封信。
I was just an average sort of student.
我只是一个普通的学生。
[即学即用]
( )_____ average, people who don't smoke are healthier than people who do.
A.In B. With C. On D.At
答案:C
12.rainfall (名词)降雨量
[用法讲解] rainfall表示“降水量”时为不可数名词，在表示“具体降雨事件”时为可数名词。
Eg: The daily rainfall in this area is around 50 mm.
这个地区的日降水量在大约50毫米。
There were two rainfalls last week.
上周下了两场雨。
[即学即用]
There has been below average________(rainfall) this month.
答案:rainfall
13.per (介词) 每
[常见搭配] per month/ hour/ year 每月/小时/年
as per 按照、根据
Eg: The rent is 1500 yuan per month.
租金每月1500元。
The report was sent to the manager as per your instructions.
报告按照您的指示送给了经理。
14.mm (= millimetre/millimeter)毫米
Eg: The thickness of this object is exactly 5 mm.
这个物体的厚度正好是5毫米。
15.pleasant(形容词) 宜人的、友好的
[用法讲解] pleasant可以用来描述事物的特征或人物的特质，在句中常作定语或表语。
Eg: We spent a pleasant day in the country.
我们在乡下度过了愉快的一天。
He gave a pleasant smile.
他露出了亲切的微笑。
[派生词] pleased为形容词，译为“高兴的、满意的”。
Eg: I'm very pleased with your progress.
我对你的进步感到非常满意。
[即学即用]
( )-- I'm very________with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious.
-- Mm, it does have a _______ smell.
A.pleasant; pleased B. pleased; pleased
C. pleasant; pleasant D.pleased; pleasant
答案: D
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)(共39张PPT)
Unit 3 Same or Different？
八年级
人教2025秋
上
单词解析二
1.pleasure (名词)乐事、愉快、荣幸
[用法讲解] pleasure为可数名词时，表示“具体的令人愉快的事物或活动”;pleasure为不可数名词时，表示“抽象的快乐感”;pleasure还可为动词，译为“使高兴、使满意”。
Eg: The concert was a real pleasure.
这场音乐会真是令人愉快。
A cup of coffee is a small but delightful pleasure.
一杯咖啡是一种虽小但令人愉快的享受。
It pleasures me to see you so happy.
看到你如此高兴，我很高兴。
[常见搭配] for pleasure为了消遣
with pleasure乐意地、高兴地
take (great) pleasure in doing sth.乐于做某事、喜欢做某事
Eg: I took a walk in the park for pleasure.
我在公园里散步是为了消遣。
She was positively beaming with pleasure.
她的确喜不自胜。
He takes great pleasure in painting.
他非常喜欢画画。
[派生词] pleased为形容词，译为“感到高兴的”(修饰人);
pleasing为形容词，译为“令人高兴的”(修饰物);
pleasant为形容词，译为“令人愉快的”。
Eg: He is pleased with the result.
他对结果很满意。
The painting has a very pleasing color scheme.
这幅画的色彩搭配非常令人愉悦。
We had a pleasant evening together.
我们一起度过了一个愉快的夜晚。
[即学即用]
It is a ________ (pleasant) to welcome you to our home.
pleasure
2.have sth. in common有共同之处
Eg: They have something in common.
他们有一些共同点。
[知识拓展]common为形容词，译为“普通的、常见的”;common还可作名词，译为“公共用地”。
Eg:It's common to make a roast dinner on a Sunday here.
在这周日制作一顿烤肉晚餐很正常。
The children were playing in the common.
孩子们正在公共用地上玩耍。
[常见搭配]common sense常识
common people普通人
common interest共同利益
Eg: Use your common sense.
用一用你的常识吧。
The purpose is to ensure a good service for the common people.
保证为人民服务宗旨的贯彻。
This is in the common interest of the third world.
这是第三世界的共同利益。
[即学即用]
他们有很多共同的兴趣。
They _______ many interests ______ _______.
have in common
3.appearance (名词) 外表、露面
[用法讲解]appearance作可数名词，还可译为“演出、出版”，其复数形式为appearances。
Eg: The car has a sleek appearance.
这辆车外观流畅。
He made an appearance at the charity event.
他在慈善活动中露面了。
Thesinger made a successful appearance on the stage.
歌手在舞台上成功演出。
Thenewbook will make its appearance next month.
新书将于下月出版。
[常见搭配]judge by/ on appearance以貌取人
in appearance在外表上、外观上
Eg: You can't judge a person by their appearance.
你不能仅凭外表判断一个人。
The painting looks beautiful in appearance, but it's made of cheap materials.
这幅画外表很美，但材料很廉价。
[派生词] appear为动词，译为“出现、显得”;
apparent为形容词，译为“明显的、显然的”。
Eg: She appeared on stage to a warm welcome.
她在热烈的掌声中登台。
The answer is apparent in the question.
答案在问题中显而易见。
[即学即用]
She sets great store by her___________(appear).
appearance
4.personality(名词)性格、品质
[用法讲解] personality为可数名词时，表示“有图出个性的人/多种不同的性格”; personality为不可数名词时，表示“个性、人格、特色”等。
Eg: Their son is a real personality.
他们的儿子真是有个性。
Thechildren all have very different personalities.
孩子们的性格各不相同。
His wife has a strong personality.
他妻子的个性很强。
We need someone with lots of personality.
我们需要一位富有魅力的人。
Modern buildings lack personality.
现代建筑缺乏特色。
[常见搭配] develop one's personality发展个性
personality traits性格特征
in one's personality在某人的性格中
Eg: College is a great place to develop one's personality.
大学是培养个性的好地方。
Some common personality traits include honesty, bravery and loyalty.
There is a sense of humor in his personality.
他的性格中有一种幽默感。
[派生词] person为可数名词，译为“人”;
personal为形容词，译为“个人的、私人的”。
Eg: There is a person near the gate.
大门附近有一个人。
This is a very personal decision for her.
这对她来说是一个非常私人的决定。
[即学即用]
She has a sweet , lively____________(personal).
personality
5.serious (形容词)严肃的、严重的
Eg: He looked serious when he heard the news.
他听到这个消息时，表情严肃。
The doctor told him that his illness was serious.
医生告诉他，他的病很严重。
[常见搭配] be serious about ...对...认真/严肃
be serious in ...在...方面严肃
be serious with sb.对某人严肃
Eg: He is serious about his studies.
他对学习很认真。
She is serious in her work.
她在工作方面很严肃。
The teacher was serious with the students who didn't do their homework.
老师对那些没做作业的学生很严肃。
[派生词] seriously为副词，译为“严肃地、认真地”。
Eg: You should take your health seriously.
你应该认真对待你的健康。
[即学即用]
( )He has read many books on history, so it’s _____ for him to answer these questions.
A.hard B. impossible C. easy D.serious
C
6.strength (名词) 优势、力量
[用法讲解]strength为不可数名词时，表示“力量、体力”;strength为可数名词时，表示“长处”。
Eg: She didn't have the strength to walk further.
她没力气继续走。
Maths and English are her strengths.
数学和英语是她的强项。
[常见搭配] with all one's strength用尽全身力气
build up one's strength增强体力
from strength to strength越来越强大
Eg: He pushed the rock with all her strength.
他用尽全身力气推石头。
Regular exercise can help build up one's strength.
经常锻炼有助于增强体力。
The company has gone from strength to strength since it was founded.
自从成立以来，公司不断壮大。
[派生词]strong为形容词，译为“强壮的、有力的”;
strengthen为动词，译为“加强、使更强大”。
Eg: He is strong enough to lift the heavy box.
他足够强壮，能举起那个重箱子。
Exercise can strengthen your muscles.
锻炼可以增强你的肌肉。
[即学即用]
He is a man of great ________ (strong).
strength
7.fact (名词) 事实、现实
Eg: The fact is we don't have enough money.
事实是我们没有那么多钱。
[常见搭配]in fact实际上
as a matter of fact事实上
Eg: In fact, the project was completed ahead of schedule.
实际上，这个项目提前完成了。
As a matter of fact, I have already finished my homework.
事实上，我已经完成了作业。
[即学即用]
事实上，他来自美国。
______ _______, he is from America.
In fact
8.slim (形容词)苗条的、薄的
[用法讲解] slim作形容词，还可译为“微薄的、渺茫的”;slim还可为动词，译为“减肥、缩减”。
Eg: I wish I was as slim as you.
我希望我能像你一样苗条。
He lived on a slim income.
他靠微博的收入生活。
His chances for getting the scholarship were very slim.
他得到奖学金的希望很渺茫。
She is trying to slim by jogging.
她正用跑步来减肥。
The company recently slimmed its product line.
公司最近压缩了产品线。
[常见搭配] slim down减肥、变瘦
Eg: He's been trying to slim down by going to the gym every day.
他每天都去健身房，试着减肥。
[即学即用]
( )1Most girls like to stay ______.
A.slim B.strong C.fat D.skinny
A
9.population (名词)人口
[用法讲解] population为集合名词，使用时注意以下几点:
(1) 形容人口多或少时用large/big 或small, 不能用many, few, much或little.
Eg: The population of China is very large.
中国的人口非常大。
(2) 表示“某地有多少人口”的句型是:
“The population of+某地+is/was+ 数”或“某地 + has a population of +数”
Eg: The population of Australia is more than twenty million.
= Australia has a population of more than twenty million.
澳大利亚的人口为两千多万。
(3) 询问“某地有多少人口”的句型是:
“What's the population of ... ” 或“How large is the population of ... ”
而不能用how many 或 how much.
Eg: What's the population of Nanjing
= How large is the population of Nanjing
南京的人口是多少
(4) population 与分数或百分数连用作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
Eg:More than 50percent of the population of the city are workers.
这个城市超过50%的人口是工人。
[常见搭配]population growth人口增长
aging population老龄化人口
floating population流动人口
Eg: Rapid population growth challenges sustainable development.
人口快速增长对可持续发展构成挑战。
Japan faces challenges due to its aging population.
日本面临着老龄化人口带来的挑战。
The floating population in Shanghai exceeds 10 million.
上海的流动人口超过1000万。
[即学即用]
( )Beijing has got ______ population of more than 13.8 million.
A.the B. a C. an D./
B
10.km(= kilometre/kilometer)千米、公里
Eg: The distance between the two cities is 200 km.
两个城市之间的距离是200公里。
11.average (形容词)平均的、平常的
[用法讲解] average还可作名词，译为“平均水平、一般标准、平均数”。
Eg: I was just an average sort of student.
我只是一个普通的学生。
Her grades are average,neither excellent nor poor.
她的成绩中等，既不优秀也不差。
His school work is above the average.
他的学业成绩属中等以上。
[常见搭配] on (the) average平均
average sort of ...普通的、平常的
Eg: On (the) average, we receive ten letters each day.
我们平均每天收到10封信。
I was just an average sort of student.
我只是一个普通的学生。
[即学即用]
( )_____ average, people who don't smoke are healthier than people who do.
A.In B. With C. On D.At
C
12.rainfall (名词)降雨量
[用法讲解] rainfall表示“降水量”时为不可数名词，在表示“具体降雨事件”时为可数名词。
Eg: The daily rainfall in this area is around 50 mm.
这个地区的日降水量在大约50毫米。
There were two rainfalls last week.
上周下了两场雨。
[即学即用]
There has been below average________(rainfall) this month.
rainfall
13.per (介词) 每
[常见搭配]per month/ hour/ year 每月/小时/年
as per按照、根据
Eg: The rent is 1500 yuan per month.
租金每月1500元。
The report was sent to the manager as per your instructions.
报告按照您的指示送给了经理。
14.mm (= millimetre/millimeter)毫米
Eg: The thickness of this object is exactly 5 mm.
这个物体的厚度正好是5毫米。
15.pleasant(形容词) 宜人的、友好的
[用法讲解] pleasant可以用来描述事物的特征或人物的特质，在句中常作定语或表语。
Eg: We spent a pleasant day in the country.
我们在乡下度过了愉快的一天。
He gave a pleasant smile.
他露出了亲切的微笑。
[派生词] pleased为形容词，译为“高兴的、满意的”。
Eg: I'm very pleased with your progress.
我对你的进步感到非常满意。
[即学即用]
( )-- I'm very________with myowncooking. It looks nice and smells delicious.
-- Mm, it does have a _______ smell.
A.pleasant; pleased B. pleased; pleased
C. pleasant; pleasant D.pleased; pleasant
D
Thanks!
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