Section Ⅳ Discovering Useful Structures
(语法项目——基本句子结构)
语境中体悟
A lot of students know each other from the primary and middle school.① They are in their “comfort zone”②， feeling they have a sense of control over their relationships.But when the first real day of high school comes, that will change③.Some students are scared.④ As a result, I encourage high school freshmen to step out of their comfort zone.⑤ Here I give them some advice.⑥ First, students should accept who they are and who they are on the road to becoming in high school.⑦Second, there are many new things every high school freshman will know.⑧ The new life will make students brave and confident.⑨
[语法入门]
①句为主谓宾状结构；谓语是know，宾语是each other，状语是from ...middle school；
②句为主系表结构；表语是in their “comfort zone”；
③句为主谓结构：主语是that，谓语是will change；
④句为主系表结构；表语是scared；
⑤句为主谓宾宾补结构：谓语是encourage，宾语是high school freshmen 宾补是to step ...zone；
⑥句为主谓宾宾结构：谓语是give，直接宾语是some advice，间接宾语是them；
⑦句为主谓宾结构：谓语是should accept，宾语是and连接的两个who引导的宾语从句；
⑧句为there be句型， every high ...will know是省略that的定语从句；
⑨句为主谓宾宾补结构：谓语是will make，宾语是students，宾补是 brave and confident。
学案中理清
一、句子成分
组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。根据各个部分在句子中所起的作用分别称为主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。其中主语和谓语是句子的主体。
句子成分包括以下几类：
成分 意义 位置 可充当词
主语S(subject) 句子的主体，是谓语陈述、说明的对象，说明动作由“谁”发出 位于句首 名词(短语)、代词、数词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、从句等
谓语V(verb) 谓语表示主语的行为或主语的特征和状态，谓语动词与主语在人称和数上须保持一致 主语之后 实义动词(V)和系表结构(VP)
表语 P(predicative) 通常说明主语的身份、特征和状态 系动词后 名词、形容词、介词短语、分词(短语)、动名词(短语)、不定式(短语)、从句等
宾语 O(object) 表示行为或活动的对象、接受者或受影响者 动词或 介词后 名词(短语)、代词、数词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句等
直接宾语 DO(direct object) 表示动作的对象、承受者或后果，一般是物 动词后 名词(短语)、代词
间接宾语 IO(indirect object) 表示动作是向某人或为某人做的，一般是人 动词后 名词、代词
宾语补足语OC(object complement) 补充说明宾语的动作或状态 宾语后 名词、形容词、介词短语、不定式(短语)、分词(短语)等
定语Attr. (attributive) 修饰、限制名词或代词 被修饰词的前面或后面 名词、代词、数词、形容词、介词短语、不定式(短语)、分词(短语)、从句等
状语A(adverbial) 说明动作“何时、何地、如何”发生；说明形容词或副词的程度 位置灵活 副词、介词短语、不定式(短语)、分词(短语)、从句等
[对点练]
用S, V, O, P, A, DO, IO, OC标出句子成分
①Many students often get up early in the morning.
②He took changes from his pocket to buy a gift.
③John asked me to help him with his Chinese.
④A barking dog seldom bites.
⑤Our teacher told us an interesting story.
⑥Your father seemed angry.
二、基本句式结构
[语境自主感知]
①Everyone│laughed!
②Our school│held│a cross country running race.
③Your story│sounds│interesting.
④The president│showed│me│her daughter's pictures.
⑤They│usually keep│the door│open.
⑥Everything│goes│well.
⑦The man│raised│his arms│above his head.
⑧There were two boys and a girl under the tree just now.
[会发现](在表格的右栏填入对应的句子序号)
主语＋谓语(S＋V)
主语＋系动词＋表语(S＋V＋P)
主语＋谓语＋宾语(S＋V＋O)
主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语(S＋V＋IO＋DO)
主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语(S＋V＋O＋OC)
there be句型(There be ...)
主语＋谓语＋状语(S＋V＋A)
主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语(S＋V＋O＋A)
[语法规则点拨]
句子成分构成了英语中各种各样的句子，其实英语中最基本的句型只有八种，其他各种句型都是由这八种基本句型演变而来。八种基本句型如下：
1．主语＋谓语(S＋V)
这种简单句的谓语部分是不及物动词，意义很完整。这种句子没有被动语态。
①The exchange students are registering.
这些交换生正在登记。
②We all breathe, drink and eat.
我们都要呼吸、喝水和吃饭。
2．主语＋谓语＋宾语(S＋V＋O)
这种简单句的谓语部分是及物动词，有些不及物动词后加上介词也可看成一个及物动词。
①The students are doing an experiment.
学生们正在做一个实验。
②She usually puts off carrying out her promise.
她经常拖延履行她的诺言。
③You must listen to me.你必须听我的。
3．主语＋系动词＋表语(S＋V＋P)
这种简单句表示主语的特征、状态、身份等。
英语中常见的系动词有：be动词、感官类动词(look，smell，taste，feel，sound等)、表变化类动词(get，become，turn，go，grow，come等)、表保持类动词(keep，stay，remain等)。可充当表语的形式有：形容词、副词、名词、介词短语、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、分词(短语)和从句等。
①He became a teacher of English.
他成了一名英语教师。
②(2024·浙江1月高考写作)Short distance running is a kind of exercise which is of great help.
短跑是一种有很大帮助的运动。
③She looked a little annoyed.
她看上去有点生气。
4．主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语叫作双宾语)(S＋V＋IO＋DO)
直接宾语是谓语动词的承受者，间接宾语表示谓语动作的方向(对谁做)或动作的目标(为谁做)，间接宾语紧接在谓语动词后，但它不能单独存在，它和直接宾语组成双宾语。双宾语的常见结构：
(1)bring/give/hand/lend/pass/sell/show/take/teach/tell/write/offer/pay sb. sth.
＝bring/give/hand/lend/pass/sell/show/take/teach/tell/write/offer/pay sth. to sb.
(2)buy/make sb. sth.＝buy/make sth. for sb.
①My sister told me a long story.
＝My sister told a long story to me.
我姐姐给我讲了一个很长的故事。
②The professor gave us an exciting lecture.
＝The professor gave an exciting lecture to us.
教授给我们做了一场激动人心的讲座。
5．主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾补(宾语和宾补统称为复合宾语)(S＋V＋O＋OC)
宾补用来补充说明宾语的身份、地位或所处的状态。可作宾补的有：名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词等。平时常见常考的宾补结构有：
(1)ask，want，like，allow，advise，teach，persuade 等＋宾语＋to do (作宾补)；
(2)感官动词：see，watch，notice，observe，feel，hear等＋宾语＋省略to的不定式/现在分词/过去分词(作宾补)；
(3)使役动词：let＋宾语＋省略to的不定式(作宾补)；make＋宾语＋省略to的不定式/过去分词(作宾补)；have＋宾语＋省略to的不定式/现在分词/过去分词(作宾补)。
①(2024·浙江1月高考写作)Running also makes us strengthen our bodies.
跑步还能让我们强壮身体。
②I found his design very impressive.
我发现他的设计让人印象很深刻。
③I found myself in a strange place.
我发现自己在一个陌生的地方。
④The guide showed all the visitors in.
导游把所有的游客都带了进来。
[名师点津] 省略to的不定式作宾补的动词如果变成被动语态，省掉的to要加上。
⑤I often hear her sing a German song in her lovely voice.
＝She is often heard by me to sing a German song in her lovely voice.
我时常听到她用迷人的声音唱一首德语歌曲。
⑥She kept us waiting for her answer for over a week.
她让我们等她的答复等了一个多星期。
⑦I will have all my clothes washed this afternoon.
今天下午我将把所有的衣服都洗完。
6．主语＋谓语＋状语(S＋V＋A)
①My parents live in Beijing.
我的父母住在北京。
②They are playing happily over there.
他们正在那边玩得很开心。
③Seeing the cat, the mouse ran off.
见到猫，老鼠就跑了。
7．主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语(S＋V＋O＋A)
状语用来修饰动词、形容词或整个句子，分为时间、地点、方式、比较、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步状语。介词短语、副词(短语)、不定式、现在分词、过去分词和从句都可充当状语；状语通常位于句末，也可位于句首和句中。
①He reached the station finally, only to be told the train had left.
他最后到了车站，结果被告知火车已经开走了。
②Followed by a group of students，the teacher entered the lab.
后面跟着一群学生，老师走进了实验室。
③Although he was so tired, he still helped his father pick apples on the farm.
虽然他很累，但是依然在农场帮助爸爸摘苹果。
8．There be ...句型
①There aren't many books on the shelf.
书架上没有多少书。
②There is a chair, two desks, and a bed in the room.
房间里有一把椅子、两张桌子和一张床。
[名师点津] 在there be句型中，be动词的单复数与最靠近的名词的单复数保持一致，即遵循就近原则。
[对点练] (翻译句子)
①路上的汽车太多了。
②我的爱好包括旅游和游泳。
③他家昨晚发生了火灾。
④(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)他鼓励我继续写作。
⑤他们所有人都很吃惊。
⑥我记得你展示给我了一些那个主题的照片。
⑦我们必须保持学校干净。
应用中融通
Ⅰ.写出加黑部分在句中所作的句子成分
1．The question is that no one knows the location of the new hospital.______________
2．To be or not to be is a question.______________
3．His confidence enabled him to finish the task successfully.______________
4．The class teacher had us clean the classroom yesterday.______________
5．Is he the man who wants to see you？______________
6．This book gives me some ideas on how to make friends.______________
7．I feel it our duty to serve the people heart and soul.______________
8．What you explained just now didn't satisfy me.______________
9．We must get together again some day.______________
10．If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you.______________
Ⅱ.根据提示翻译句子
1．校园里有几个美丽的花园。(there be ...)
2．现在在中学里这种活动正变得很受欢迎。(主语＋系动词＋表语)
3．我们尚未决定什么时候再讨论这个问题。(主语＋谓语＋宾语)
4．奶奶昨晚送给我一个非常漂亮的布娃娃。(主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语)
5．她注意到一辆汽车撞到了附近的一棵大树上。(主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
6．你会发现英语容易学。(主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
7．一切都会好起来。(主语＋系动词＋表语)
8．这个新实验确实很有趣。(主语＋系动词＋表语)
Section Ⅳ
学案中理清
一、[对点练]
①Many_students often get_up early_in_the_morning.
S A V A
②He took changes from_his_pocket to_buy_a_gift.
S V O A A
③John asked me to_help_him_with_his_Chinese.
S V O OC
④A_barking_dog seldom bites.
S A V
⑤Our_teacher told us an_interesting_story.
S V IO DO
⑥Your_father seemed_angry.
S VP
二、[会发现] ① ③ ② ④ ⑤ ⑧ ⑥ ⑦
[对点练] ①There are too many cars on the road.
②My hobbies include travelling and swimming.
③A fire broke out in his home last night.
④He encouraged me to continue writing.
⑤All of them were surprised.
⑥I remember you showed me some photos on that theme.
⑦We must keep our school clean.
应用中融通
Ⅰ.1.表语 2.主语 3.宾语补足语 4.宾语补足语 5.定语 6.宾语 7.宾语 8.主语 9.状语 10.状语
Ⅱ.1.There are a few beautiful gardens on campus.
2．Nowadays this activity is becoming very popular in high schools.
3．We haven't decided when to discuss the problem again.
4．Granny gave me a very beautiful doll last night.
5．She noticed a car crash into a big tree nearby.
6．You will find English easy to learn.
7．Everything will be all right.
8．The new experiment was really interesting.(共74张PPT)
Section Ⅳ
Discovering Useful Structures
目 录
(语法项目——基本句子结构)
课时跟踪检测
(语法项目——基本句子结构)
语境中体悟
A lot of students know each other from the primary and middle school.① They are in their “comfort zone”②， feeling they have a sense of control over their relationships.But when the first real day of high school comes, that will change③.Some students are scared.④ As a result, I encourage high school freshmen to step out of their comfort zone.⑤
Here I give them some advice.⑥ First, students should accept who they are and who they are on the road to becoming in high school.⑦Second, there are many new things every high school freshman will know.⑧ The new life will make students brave and confident.⑨
[语法入门]
①句为主谓宾状结构；谓语是know，宾语是each other，状语是from ...middle school；
②句为主系表结构；表语是in their “comfort zone”；
③句为主谓结构：主语是that，谓语是will change；
④句为主系表结构；表语是scared；
⑤句为主谓宾宾补结构：谓语是encourage，宾语是high school freshmen 宾补是to step ...zone；
⑥句为主谓宾宾结构：谓语是give，直接宾语是some advice，间接宾语是them；
⑦句为主谓宾结构：谓语是should accept，宾语是and连接的两个who引导的宾语从句；
⑧句为there be句型， every high ...will know是省略that的定语从句；
⑨句为主谓宾宾补结构：谓语是will make，宾语是students，宾补是 brave and confident。
学案中理清
一、句子成分
组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。根据各个部分在句子中所起的作用分别称为主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。其中主语和谓语是句子的主体。
句子成分包括以下几类：
成分 意义 位置 可充当词
主语 S(subject) 句子的主体，是谓语陈述、说明的对象，说明动作由“谁”发出 位于 句首 名词(短语)、代词、数词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、从句等
谓语 V(verb) 谓语表示主语的行为或主语的特征和状态，谓语动词与主语在人称和数上须保持一致 主语 之后 实义动词(V)和系表结构(VP)
表语 P(predicative) 通常说明主语的身份、特征和状态 系动 词后 名词、形容词、介词短语、分词(短语)、动名词(短语)、不定式(短语)、从句等
宾语 O(object) 表示行为或活动的对象、接受者或受影响者 动词或介词后 名词(短语)、代词、数词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句等
续表
直接宾语 DO(direct object) 表示动作的对象、承受者或后果，一般是物 动词后 名词(短语)、代词
间接宾语 IO(indirect object) 表示动作是向某人或为某人做的，一般是人 动词后 名词、代词
宾语补足语 OC(object complement) 补充说明宾语的动作或状态 宾语后 名词、形容词、介词短语、不定式(短语)、分词(短语)等
续表
定语Attr. (attributive) 修饰、限制名词或代词 被修饰词的前面或后面 名词、代词、数词、形容词、介词短语、不定式(短语)、分词(短语)、从句等
状语 A(adverbial) 说明动作“何时、何地、如何”发生；说明形容词或副词的程度 位置灵活 副词、介词短语、不定式(短语)、分词(短语)、从句等
续表
[对点练]
用S, V, O, P, A, DO, IO, OC标出句子成分
二、基本句式结构
[语境自主感知]
①Everyone│laughed!
②Our school│held│a cross-country running race.
③Your story│sounds│interesting.
④The president│showed│me│her daughter's pictures.
⑤They│usually keep│the door│open.
⑥Everything│goes│well.
⑦The man│raised│his arms│above his head.
⑧There were two boys and a girl under the tree just now.
[会发现](在表格的右栏填入对应的句子序号)
主语＋谓语(S＋V) ____
主语＋系动词＋表语(S＋V＋P) ____
主语＋谓语＋宾语(S＋V＋O) ____
主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语(S＋V＋IO＋DO) ____
①
③
②
④
主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语(S＋V＋O＋OC) ____
there be句型(There be ...) ____
主语＋谓语＋状语(S＋V＋A) ____
主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语(S＋V＋O＋A) ____
续表
⑤
⑧
⑥
⑦
[语法规则点拨]
句子成分构成了英语中各种各样的句子，其实英语中最基本的句型只有八种，其他各种句型都是由这八种基本句型演变而来。八种基本句型如下：
1．主语＋谓语(S＋V)
这种简单句的谓语部分是不及物动词，意义很完整。这种句子没有被动语态。
①The exchange students are registering.
这些交换生正在登记。
②We all breathe, drink and eat.
我们都要呼吸、喝水和吃饭。
2．主语＋谓语＋宾语(S＋V＋O)
这种简单句的谓语部分是及物动词，有些不及物动词后加上介词也可看成一个及物动词。
①The students are doing an experiment.
学生们正在做一个实验。
②She usually puts off carrying out her promise.
她经常拖延履行她的诺言。
③You must listen to me.
你必须听我的。
3．主语＋系动词＋表语(S＋V＋P)
这种简单句表示主语的特征、状态、身份等。
英语中常见的系动词有：be动词、感官类动词(look，smell，taste，feel，sound等)、表变化类动词(get，become，turn，go，grow，come等)、表保持类动词(keep，stay，remain等)。可充当表语的形式有：形容词、副词、名词、介词短语、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、分词(短语)和从句等。
①He became a teacher of English.
他成了一名英语教师。
②(2024·浙江1月高考写作)Short-distance running is a kind of exercise which is of great help.
短跑是一种有很大帮助的运动。
③She looked a little annoyed.
她看上去有点生气。
4．主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语叫作双宾语)(S＋V＋IO＋DO)
直接宾语是谓语动词的承受者，间接宾语表示谓语动作的方向(对谁做)或动作的目标(为谁做)，间接宾语紧接在谓语动词后，但它不能单独存在，它和直接宾语组成双宾语。双宾语的常见结构：
(1)bring/give/hand/lend/pass/sell/show/take/teach/tell/write/offer/ pay sb. sth.
＝bring/give/hand/lend/pass/sell/show/take/teach/tell/write/offer/ pay sth. to sb.
(2)buy/make sb. sth.＝buy/make sth. for sb.
①My sister told me a long story.
＝My sister told a long story to me.
我姐姐给我讲了一个很长的故事。
②The professor gave us an exciting lecture.
＝The professor gave an exciting lecture to us.
教授给我们做了一场激动人心的讲座。
5．主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾补(宾语和宾补统称为复合宾语)(S＋V＋O＋OC)
宾补用来补充说明宾语的身份、地位或所处的状态。可作宾补的有：名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词等。平时常见常考的宾补结构有：
(1)ask，want，like，allow，advise，teach，persuade 等＋宾语＋to do (作宾补)；
(2)感官动词：see，watch，notice，observe，feel，hear等＋宾语＋省略to的不定式/现在分词/过去分词(作宾补)；
(3)使役动词：let＋宾语＋省略to的不定式(作宾补)；make＋宾语＋省略to的不定式/过去分词(作宾补)；have＋宾语＋省略to的不定式/现在分词/过去分词(作宾补)。
①(2024·浙江1月高考写作)Running also makes us strengthen our bodies.
跑步还能让我们强壮身体。
②I found his design very impressive.
我发现他的设计让人印象很深刻。
③I found myself in a strange place.
我发现自己在一个陌生的地方。
④The guide showed all the visitors in.
导游把所有的游客都带了进来。
[名师点津] 省略to的不定式作宾补的动词如果变成被动语态，省掉的to要加上。
⑤I often hear her sing a German song in her lovely voice.
＝She is often heard by me to sing a German song in her lovely voice.
我时常听到她用迷人的声音唱一首德语歌曲。
⑥She kept us waiting for her answer for over a week.
她让我们等她的答复等了一个多星期。
⑦I will have all my clothes washed this afternoon.
今天下午我将把所有的衣服都洗完。
6．主语＋谓语＋状语(S＋V＋A)
①My parents live in Beijing.
我的父母住在北京。
②They are playing happily over there.
他们正在那边玩得很开心。
③Seeing the cat, the mouse ran off.
见到猫，老鼠就跑了。
7．主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语(S＋V＋O＋A)
状语用来修饰动词、形容词或整个句子，分为时间、地点、方式、比较、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步状语。介词短语、副词(短语)、不定式、现在分词、过去分词和从句都可充当状语；状语通常位于句末，也可位于句首和句中。
①He reached the station finally, only to be told the train had left.
他最后到了车站，结果被告知火车已经开走了。
②Followed by a group of students，the teacher entered the lab.
后面跟着一群学生，老师走进了实验室。
③Although he was so tired, he still helped his father pick apples on the farm.
虽然他很累，但是依然在农场帮助爸爸摘苹果。
8．There be ...句型
①There aren't many books on the shelf.
书架上没有多少书。
②There is a chair，two desks，and a bed in the room.
房间里有一把椅子、两张桌子和一张床。
[名师点津] 在there be句型中，be动词的单复数与最靠近的名词的单复数保持一致，即遵循就近原则。
[对点练] (翻译句子)
①路上的汽车太多了。
There are too many cars on the road.
②我的爱好包括旅游和游泳。
My hobbies include travelling and swimming.
③他家昨晚发生了火灾。
A fire broke out in his home last night.
④(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)他鼓励我继续写作。
He encouraged me to continue writing.
⑤他们所有人都很吃惊。
All of them were surprised.
⑥我记得你展示给我了一些那个主题的照片。
I remember you showed me some photos on that theme.
⑦我们必须保持学校干净。
We must keep our school clean.
应用中融通
Ⅰ.写出加蓝部分在句中所作的句子成分
1．The question is that no one knows the location of the new hospital.
_____
2．To be or not to be is a question. _____
3．His confidence enabled him to finish the task successfully.
___________
表语
主语
宾语补足语
4．The class teacher had us clean the classroom yesterday. __________
5．Is he the man who wants to see you？ _____
6．This book gives me some ideas on how to make friends. _____
7．I feel it our duty to serve the people heart and soul. _____
8．What you explained just now didn't satisfy me. _____
9．We must get together again some day. _____
10．If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you. _____
宾语补足语
定语
宾语
宾语
主语
状语
状语
Ⅱ.根据提示翻译句子
1．校园里有几个美丽的花园。(there be ...)
There are a few beautiful gardens on campus.
2．现在在中学里这种活动正变得很受欢迎。(主语＋系动词＋表语)
Nowadays this activity is becoming very popular in high schools.
3．我们尚未决定什么时候再讨论这个问题。(主语＋谓语＋宾语)
We haven't decided when to discuss the problem again.
4．奶奶昨晚送给我一个非常漂亮的布娃娃。(主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语)
Granny gave me a very beautiful doll last night.
5．她注意到一辆汽车撞到了附近的一棵大树上。(主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
She noticed a car crash into a big tree nearby.
6．你会发现英语容易学。(主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
You will find English easy to learn.
7．一切都会好起来。(主语＋系动词＋表语)
Everything will be all right.
8．这个新实验确实很有趣。(主语＋系动词＋表语)
The new experiment was really interesting.
课时跟踪检测
Ⅰ.阅读理解
For my first year at Oxford, I barely said anything in tutorials (辅导课)．
We'd have 2－3 tutorials a week, each ranging from 1 to 3 hours. Some would feel informal with comfortable chairs and teas, sitting and chatting with a few friends.Others would feel more like we were being grilled for facts. In both types, I was pretty quiet. I was shy, introverted, and worried that everyone would think I was stupid.The fact is that everyone in Oxford, Harvard, Yale, etc, has felt insecure about their intelligence at some point.I didn't volunteer in discussions and, as a result, I didn't understand much. My understandings of different texts never matured or became complex.They stayed the same.And they were often wrong.
Then, somewhere in the middle of my second year, I got over myself, stopped being worried, and offered more of my own opinions.I responded to others, asked thoughtful questions, and interacted more. I always asked if I didn't understand something.Most of the time, others also didn't understand the thing I was confused about and felt happy I asked.
I went from being a passive learner and having everything go over my head to being an active learner and having tons of more information understood.In tutorials, I took notes.After tutorials, I reviewed those notes.I rewrote them.I explained new concepts to my friends in other subject areas. And I felt smarter.I went from struggling and failing to thriving and suddenly getting firsts on my essays.
Being an active student also means asking for help.So I recommend you to visit your tutor during office hours and ask for their help or ask your peers to help explain stuff to you, or get a mentor (导师) if you can.I had a PhD student mentor me once a week over coffee in my final year.It was the best thing that happened to my studies.
语篇解读：本文主要讲述了作者在牛津大学读书的经历——态度的转变让作者从一个被动的学习者变成了一个主动的学习者。
1．Which word best describes the author's academic attitude as a freshman
A．Cooperative. B．Inactive.
C．Serious. D．Positive.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的内容，即“在牛津大学的第一年，我在辅导课上几乎不说话”，再结合第二段中的描述可知，作者大一时候的学习态度是不积极的，故B项正确。
√
2．What can we infer about the author from paragraph 4
A．He became smarter than others.
B．He attached no importance to notes.
C．He had everything go over his head later.
D．His changed attitudes led to academic improvement.
解析：推理判断题。第四段主要讲的是作者从一个被动的学习者变成了一个主动的学习者，从挣扎和失败到成功，由此可推知作者态度上的转变给他带来了学业上的进步，故D项正确。
√
3．What does the author advise us to do
A．To visit tutors at any time.
B．To get a mentor in the first year.
C．To ask our peers for help if necessary.
D．To learn everything from smart people.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“So I recommend you ... stuff to you”可知，作者建议在办公时间向导师求助或者向同伴寻求帮助，故C项正确。
√
4．Which can be a suitable title for the text
A．How Did I Ask for Help
B．How Did I Get over Myself
C．How Did I Become an Active Learner
D．How Did I Become a Smart Student
解析：标题归纳题。本文主要讲述了作者在牛津大学读书的经历——态度的转变让作者从一个被动的学习者变成了一个主动的学习者，故C项正确。
√
Ⅱ.完形填空
I knew that my first day of senior high school would be challenging.I was 5 that I would spend my first day in senior high school.
On Monday I was 6 for my first day of senior high school.My backpack was 7 with materials I needed, such as pencils, notebooks and so on.I hoped the first day of senior high school would go 8 .Finally the first day of school 9 .
As I walked into the classroom, I saw my first class was 10 .I didn't do well in math.Doing math at first in the morning could be 11 .I was surprised at what the math teacher said, “ 12 wherever you'd like.There are no fixed seats in math class.” My math teacher was 13 very nice, and I like her from the start.My next class was English.My English teacher was Ms Popstar.She was so knowledgeable that we 14 her.After lunch I had a biology class, I figured the day was closing out and I didn't feel too 15 about senior high school.
I knew this year was going to be a 16 because I started to realize that I was growing up to be an adult.I would 17 my classes.There were many fun and unknown things for me to 18 in senior high school.I 19 some new friends and new teachers that were so nice and welcoming on the first day.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了作者第一天去上高中的经历，既兴奋又焦虑，对未来高中生活充满了希望和期待。
5．A.careless B．nervous
C．annoyed D．amazed
解析：根据前文“I knew that my first day of senior high school would be challenging.”可知，作者对第一天的高中生活感到紧张。
√
6．A. preparing B．looking
C．asking D．calling
解析：根据下文“My backpack was with materials I needed, such as pencils, notebooks and so on.”可知，作者是为第一天的上学做准备。
√
7．A.satisfied B．disappointed
C．impressed D．filled
解析：根据下文“materials I needed, such as pencils, notebooks and so on”可知，这些文具填满了书包。
√
8．A.suitable B．advanced
C．perfect D．expert
解析：根据前文的“On Monday I was ...and so on.”可知，作者希望高中的第一天会过得很顺利。
√
9．A.passed B．missed
C．improved D．arrived
解析：根据前文的“Finally”以及作者做的准备可知，开学第一天终于来了。
√
10．A.Chinese B．math
C．PE D．physics
解析：根据下文的“I didn't do well in math.”可知，作者的第一节课是数学。
√
11．A. tiring B．doubtful
C．unique D．informal
解析：根据前文的“I didn't do well in math.”可知，数学课让作者感到疲劳。
√
12．A.Stand B．Leave
C．Sit D．Play
解析：根据下文“There are no fixed seats in math class”可知，老师让同学们随意坐下。
√
13．A. actually B．secretly
C．officially D．partly
解析：根据下文“I like her from the start”可知，作者的数学老师确实非常好。
√
14．A.tested B．cheated
C．admired D．helped
解析：根据前文“She was so knowledgeable”可知，作者非常敬佩英语老师。
√
15．A.strange B．dangerous
C．wonderful D．bad
解析：根据下文“I some new friends and new teachers that were so nice and welcoming on the first day.”可知，作者这一天过得还不错。
√
16．A.job B．change
C．plan D．goal
解析：根据下文“because I started to realize that I was growing up to be an adult”可知，作者成为高中生逐渐成长为大人， 这是一个巨大的改变。
√
17．A.give up B．concentrate on
C．believe in D．carry out
解析：根据下文“There were many fun and unknown things for me to in senior high school.”可知，作者需要集中精力专心上课。
√
18．A.recommend B．exchange
C．explore D．support
解析：根据前文“There were many fun and unknown things”可知，作者有很多事情去探索。
√
19．A. met B．recognised
C．tracked D．greeted
解析：根据前文“some new friends and new teachers that were so nice and welcoming on the first day”可知，作者在第一天遇到了很多新同学和新老师。
√
Ⅲ.语法填空
A few months ago, I left my hometown for Canada to study. I felt nervous because I was going to 1 new place with new people. What worried me at first was that I couldn't speak English 2 (fluent), and I also couldn't understand 3 (they) customs. Everything was different 4 my own country. I had to deal with everything alone.
It was a sad moment 5 I had to say goodbye to my family and friends at the airport. Suddenly, I felt unwilling 6 (leave) my hometown because I grew up there and had wonderful 7 (memory) of the familiar place. However, I know 8 (study) abroad was a decision that I made myself. I had to accept the challenge.
By now I 9 (get) used to the new life here already, though I'm looking forward to 10 (spend) the coming vacation with my old friends back home.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者回顾了几个月前离开家乡到加拿大学习时的感受。
1．a 考查不定冠词。句中不定冠词a修饰new place，表示泛指。
2．fluently 考查副词。句中应该使用副词fluently作状语修饰动词speak。
3．their 考查代词。句中名词customs前面应该使用形容词性物主代词作定语，所以要填their。
4．from 考查介词。be different from意为“和……不同”。
5．when 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是a sad moment，定语从句缺少时间状语，要用关系副词when引导定语从句。
6．to leave 考查非谓语动词。be/feel unwilling to do sth.“不愿意做某事”。
7．memories 考查名词复数。memory意为“回忆，记忆”时为可数名词，句中应该使用复数形式表示“我”有很多美好回忆。
8．studying 考查非谓语动词。作主语应用动名词，故填studying。
9．have got 考查时态。句中时间状语By now要和现在完成时连用，所以要填have got。
10．spending 考查动名词。look forward to意为“期待”，其中to是介词，后面要接动名词作宾语，所以填spending。WELCOME UNIT 课时检测(四) Discovering Useful Structures
Ⅰ.阅读理解
For my first year at Oxford, I barely said anything in tutorials (辅导课)．
We'd have 2－3 tutorials a week, each ranging from 1 to 3 hours. Some would feel informal with comfortable chairs and teas, sitting and chatting with a few friends.Others would feel more like we were being grilled for facts. In both types, I was pretty quiet. I was shy, introverted, and worried that everyone would think I was stupid.The fact is that everyone in Oxford, Harvard, Yale, etc, has felt insecure about their intelligence at some point.I didn't volunteer in discussions and, as a result, I didn't understand much. My understandings of different texts never matured or became complex.They stayed the same.And they were often wrong.
Then, somewhere in the middle of my second year, I got over myself, stopped being worried, and offered more of my own opinions.I responded to others, asked thoughtful questions, and interacted more. I always asked if I didn't understand something.Most of the time, others also didn't understand the thing I was confused about and felt happy I asked.
I went from being a passive learner and having everything go over my head to being an active learner and having tons of more information understood.In tutorials, I took notes.After tutorials, I reviewed those notes.I rewrote them.I explained new concepts to my friends in other subject areas. And I felt smarter.I went from struggling and failing to thriving and suddenly getting firsts on my essays.
Being an active student also means asking for help.So I recommend you to visit your tutor during office hours and ask for their help or ask your peers to help explain stuff to you, or get a mentor (导师) if you can.I had a PhD student mentor me once a week over coffee in my final year.It was the best thing that happened to my studies.
1．Which word best describes the author's academic attitude as a freshman
A．Cooperative. B．Inactive.
C．Serious. D．Positive.
2．What can we infer about the author from paragraph 4
A．He became smarter than others.
B．He attached no importance to notes.
C．He had everything go over his head later.
D．His changed attitudes led to academic improvement.
3．What does the author advise us to do
A．To visit tutors at any time.
B．To get a mentor in the first year.
C．To ask our peers for help if necessary.
D．To learn everything from smart people.
4．Which can be a suitable title for the text
A．How Did I Ask for Help
B．How Did I Get over Myself
C．How Did I Become an Active Learner
D．How Did I Become a Smart Student
Ⅱ.完形填空
I knew that my first day of senior high school would be challenging.I was __5__ that I would spend my first day in senior high school.
On Monday I was __6__ for my first day of senior high school.My backpack was __7__ with materials I needed, such as pencils, notebooks and so on.I hoped the first day of senior high school would go __8__.Finally the first day of school __9__.As I walked into the classroom, I saw my first class was __10__.I didn't do well in math.Doing math at first in the morning could be __11__.I was surprised at what the math teacher said, “__12__ wherever you'd like.There are no fixed seats in math class.” My math teacher was __13__ very nice, and I like her from the start.My next class was English.My English teacher was Ms Popstar.She was so knowledgeable that we __14__ her.After lunch I had a biology class, I figured the day was closing out and I didn't feel too __15__ about senior high school.
I knew this year was going to be a __16__ because I started to realize that I was growing up to be an adult.I would __17__ my classes.There were many fun and unknown things for me to __18__ in senior high school.I __19__ some new friends and new teachers that were so nice and welcoming on the first day.,5.A.careless B．nervous
C．annoyed D．amazed
6．A.preparing B．looking
C．asking D．calling
7．A.satisfied B．disappointed
C．impressed D．filled
8．A.suitable B．advanced
C．perfect D．expert
9．A.passed B．missed
C．improved D．arrived
10．A.Chinese B．math
C．PE D．physics
11．A.tiring B．doubtful
C．unique D．informal
12．A.Stand B．Leave
C．Sit D．Play
13．A.actually B．secretly
C．officially D．partly
14．A.tested B．cheated
C．admired D．helped
15．A.strange B．dangerous
C．wonderful D．bad
16．A.job B．change
C．plan D．goal
17．A.give up B．concentrate on
C．believe in D．carry out
18．A.recommend B．exchange
C．explore D．support
19．A.met B．recognised
C．tracked D．greeted
Ⅲ.语法填空
A few months ago, I left my hometown for Canada to study. I felt nervous because I was going to __1__ new place with new people. What worried me at first was that I couldn't speak English __2__ (fluent), and I also couldn't understand __3__ (they) customs. Everything was different __4__ my own country. I had to deal with everything alone.
It was a sad moment __5__ I had to say goodbye to my family and friends at the airport. Suddenly, I felt unwilling __6__ (leave) my hometown because I grew up there and had wonderful __7__ (memory) of the familiar place. However, I know __8__ (study) abroad was a decision that I made myself. I had to accept the challenge.
By now I __9__ (get) used to the new life here already, though I'm looking forward to __10__ (spend) the coming vacation with my old friends back home.
WELCOME UNIT 课时检测(四)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
语篇解读：本文主要讲述了作者在牛津大学读书的经历——态度的转变让作者从一个被动的学习者变成了一个主动的学习者。
1．选B 推理判断题。根据第一段的内容，即“在牛津大学的第一年，我在辅导课上几乎不说话”，再结合第二段中的描述可知，作者大一时候的学习态度是不积极的，故B项正确。
2．选D 推理判断题。第四段主要讲的是作者从一个被动的学习者变成了一个主动的学习者，从挣扎和失败到成功，由此可推知作者态度上的转变给他带来了学业上的进步，故D项正确。
3．选C 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“So I recommend you ...stuff to you”可知，作者建议在办公时间向导师求助或者向同伴寻求帮助，故C项正确。
4．选C 标题归纳题。本文主要讲述了作者在牛津大学读书的经历——态度的转变让作者从一个被动的学习者变成了一个主动的学习者，故C项正确。
Ⅱ.完形填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了作者第一天去上高中的经历，既兴奋又焦虑，对未来高中生活充满了希望和期待。
5．选B 根据前文“I knew that my first day of senior high school would be challenging.”可知，作者对第一天的高中生活感到紧张。
6．选A 根据下文“My backpack was ______ with materials I needed, such as pencils, notebooks and so on.”可知，作者是为第一天的上学做准备。
7．选D 根据下文“materials I needed, such as pencils, notebooks and so on”可知，这些文具填满了书包。
8．选C 根据前文的“On Monday I was ...and so on.”可知，作者希望高中的第一天会过得很顺利。
9．选D 根据前文的“Finally”以及作者做的准备可知，开学第一天终于来了。
10．选B 根据下文的“I didn't do well in math.”可知，作者的第一节课是数学。
11．选A 根据前文的“I didn't do well in math.”可知，数学课让作者感到疲劳。
12．选C 根据下文“There are no fixed seats in math class”可知，老师让同学们随意坐下。
13．选A 根据下文“I like her from the start”可知，作者的数学老师确实非常好。
14．选C 根据前文“She was so knowledgeable”可知，作者非常敬佩英语老师。
15．选D 根据下文“I ________ some new friends and new teachers that were so nice and welcoming on the first day.”可知，作者这一天过得还不错。
16．选B 根据下文“because I started to realize that I was growing up to be an adult”可知，作者成为高中生逐渐成长为大人， 这是一个巨大的改变。
17．选B 根据下文“There were many fun and unknown things for me to ________ in senior high school.”可知，作者需要集中精力专心上课。
18．选C 根据前文“There were many fun and unknown things”可知，作者有很多事情去探索。
19．选A 根据前文“some new friends and new teachers that were so nice and welcoming on the first day”可知，作者在第一天遇到了很多新同学和新老师。
Ⅲ.语法填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者回顾了几个月前离开家乡到加拿大学习时的感受。
1．a 考查不定冠词。句中不定冠词a修饰new place，表示泛指。
2．fluently 考查副词。句中应该使用副词fluently作状语修饰动词speak。
3．their 考查代词。句中名词customs前面应该使用形容词性物主代词作定语，所以要填their。
4．from 考查介词。be different from意为“和……不同”。
5．when 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是a sad moment，定语从句缺少时间状语，要用关系副词when引导定语从句。
6．to leave 考查非谓语动词。be/feel unwilling to do sth.“不愿意做某事”。
7．memories 考查名词复数。memory意为“回忆，记忆”时为可数名词，句中应该使用复数形式表示“我”有很多美好回忆。
8．studying 考查非谓语动词。作主语应用动名词，故填studying。
9．have got 考查时态。句中时间状语By now要和现在完成时连用，所以要填have got。
10．spending 考查动名词。look forward to意为“期待”，其中to是介词，后面要接动名词作宾语，所以填spending。
