Section Ⅵ Writing
写作项目——Write a summary
本课时的写作任务是写摘要，属于概要写作的范畴。该写作项目旨在培养学生提炼关键信息以及概括、归纳要点的高阶思维能力。通过对主要事件的精要梳理，运用高度凝练的语言，让读者简明扼要地把握和了解事情的起因、过程和结果。
写作技法指导
一、感悟经典范本(教材P55概要范本)
本概要范本共提炼出三个要点：第一个要点揭示了事件发生的时间、地点和受灾情况；第二个要点说明事件造成的人员伤亡；第三个要点描述救援行动的情况。本范本的语言简明扼要且要点齐全，原报道中的大量数字、被采访者的话语均被省去，并换用其他语句进行表达，使得文本高度凝练且表达有力。
二、点拨写作步骤
第一步：根据文章体裁确定写作方法
体裁 写作方法
记叙文 使用“要素串联法”，明确记叙文的六要素(who, when, where, what, how, why)的内容；如果是夹叙夹议文，还要写出故事给读者带来的启示或寓意。
说明文 使用“内容合并法”，找出文章要说明的对象、观点或建议。
议论文 使用“主题概括法”，提取议论文的三要素(论点、论据、论证)。
本单元要求为单元主篇阅读“The Night the Earth Didn't Sleep”编写摘要，文本为一篇报告文学，讲述了我国20世纪70年代发生在唐山的大地震。在写摘要时，可使用“要素串联法”，按地震前、中、后的顺序描述这场灾难。
第二步：列出要点，确定主题句
确定各段的写作内容并提炼出各段的主题句，注意围绕主题句提炼写作内容，一些次要信息和无关紧要的内容不要掺杂其中。如文本共分五段，各段的主题句如下：
Paragraph 1：Strange things happened in the countryside of Hebei, China.
Paragraph 2：A strong earthquake hit Tangshan on 28 July 1976, and many people were killed or injured.
Paragraph 3：The city was greatly affected and nearly destroyed.
Paragraph 4：The rescue work began soon after the quakes.
Paragraph 5：With strong support from the government and the city's people, the new city of Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins.
第三步：做到要点齐全、用语简洁
写作时要注意核对要点是否齐全，表述是否完整，是否有重要信息的遗漏；表达要注意逻辑顺畅，用语要简洁明了，以把信息内容用最精炼的语言向读者交待明白为写作原则。如文本的写作摘要如下：
For several days, strange things occurred in the countryside of Hebei, China. Then, on 28 July 1976, a strong earthquake hit Tangshan city. Many people were killed or injured, and the city was greatly affected and nearly destroyed. Fortunately, the rescue work began soon after the quakes. With strong support from the government and the city's people, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins.
关键能力强化
概要写作是对原文内容的提炼、概括、精加工，一般不能照抄原文词句，需对原文词句进行变换，以达到提炼文内重要信息，简明表达的效果。词句变换主要表现在以下几个方面。
1．同义替换
①be good to有益于：benefit
②too much过多的：excessive
③the same as与……一样：likewise
④about关于：concerning, regarding, related to, be relevant to
⑤actually事实上：in fact, as a matter of fact，in reality
⑥aim at旨在：aim to, be aimed at, be intended to, be meant to
⑦appear出现：appearance, turn up, show up
⑧approach靠近；临近：come near, draw near, around the corner
⑨besides而且；另外：additionally, in addition, what's more, moreover, furthermore
⑩be pride of为……感到骄傲/自豪：take pride in
energetic精力充沛的：full of energy
have fun玩得开心：enjoy oneself, have a good time
hold举行：take place
honor/honour纪念：in honor/honour of
smart聪明的：intelligent, bright, brilliant
in a word总之：all in all, in conclusion, in short, in brief, to sum up
finally最后：in the end, eventually, at the end of
in the beginning开始：at the start of, to begin with
2．反义转换
①sincere→insincere
②encourage→discourage
3．词性转换
①recognize your child→parents' recognition
②strongly against→strong opposition
4．句式变化
(1)主、被动语态变换
People widely use computers in the world today.
→Computers are widely used (by people) in the world today.
(2)简单句合并为复合句
The weather turned out to be very good. This was more than we could expect.
→The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect.
(3)连词衔接法
He insisted on staying. He was not willing to go.
→He insisted on staying rather than going.
(4)固定结构转换法
We are sure to finish it in time because so many people are helping us.
→With so many people helping us, we are sure to finish it in time.
(5)特殊句式法(倒装句和强调句)
①Professor White, Professor Smith and many other guests were present at the meeting.
→Present at the meeting were Professor White, Professor Smith and many other guests.
②The beautiful scenery attracts the tourists from all over the world.
→It is the beautiful scenery that attracts the tourists from all over the world.
[随堂针对练笔]
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Environmental problems are becoming more and more serious all over the world.For example, cars have made the air unhealthy for people to breathe and poisonous gas is given off by factories.Trees on the hills have been cut down and waste water is being poured continuously into rivers.Furthermore, wherever we go today, we can find rubbish carelessly disposed (处理)．
There are different kinds of pollutants, each of which comes from different sources.It is necessary to identify the source of pollution, in order to make a policy to get rid of them.Different products, processes and activities of our industrialized world together form the major source of pollution.
The forms of pollution can be mainly divided into three kinds — solids，liquid and gas.These pollutants have greatly damaged our planet and continue to do so.In fact, pollution is threatening our existence.The whole ecological balance of the earth is changing.Massive destruction of environment has brought about negative effects and even posed a great threat to man's existence.
We must face the situation that exists and take action to solve our environmental problems.For instance, new laws must be passed to place strict control over industrial pollution; the public must receive the education about the danger of pollution and raise their awareness of protecting the environment and so on.
The earth is our home and we have the duty to take care of it for ourselves and our later generations.Fortunately, more and more people have realized these problems.Measures have been taken to deal with these situations by the government.And laws have been passed to stop pollution. I hope the problems will be solved in the near future and our home will become better and better.
Section Ⅵ
随堂针对练笔
参考范文：
The global environment is becoming worse because of various pollutants related to the industrial world.(要点1) In the forms of gas, solid and liquid, these pollutants are becoming a major threat to the earth and human survival.(要点2) Therefore, we have to face it directly and spare no effort to handle it.(要点3) Luckily, people have been aware of the urgency of environmental protection and the government has taken action to solve these problems, which surely will help make our earth better.(要点4)(共47张PPT)
Section Ⅵ
Writing
目 录
写作项目——Write a summary
课时跟踪检测
写作项目——Write a summary
本课时的写作任务是写摘要，属于概要写作的范畴。该写作项目旨在培养学生提炼关键信息以及概括、归纳要点的高阶思维能力。通过对主要事件的精要梳理，运用高度凝练的语言，让读者简明扼要地把握和了解事情的起因、过程和结果。
写作技法指导
一、感悟经典范本(教材P55概要范本)
本概要范本共提炼出三个要点：第一个要点揭示了事件发生的时间、地点和受灾情况；第二个要点说明事件造成的人员伤亡；第三个要点描述救援行动的情况。本范本的语言简明扼要且要点齐全，原报道中的大量数字、被采访者的话语均被省去，并换用其他语句进行表达，使得文本高度凝练且表达有力。
二、点拨写作步骤
第一步：根据文章体裁确定写作方法
体裁 结构
记叙文 使用“要素串联法”，明确记叙文的六要素(who, when, where, what, how, why)的内容；如果是夹叙夹议文，还要写出故事给读者带来的启示或寓意。
说明文 使用“内容合并法”，找出文章要说明的对象、观点或建议。
议论文 使用“主题概括法”，提取议论文的三要素(论点、论据、论证)。
本单元要求为单元主篇阅读“The Night the Earth Didn't Sleep”编写摘要，文本为一篇报告文学，讲述了我国20世纪70年代发生在唐山的大地震。在写摘要时，可使用“要素串联法”，按地震前、中、后的顺序描述这场灾难。
第二步：列出要点，确定主题句
确定各段的写作内容并提炼出各段的主题句，注意围绕主题句提炼写作内容，一些次要信息和无关紧要的内容不要掺杂其中。如文本共分五段，各段的主题句如下：
Paragraph 1：Strange things happened in the countryside of Hebei, China.
Paragraph 2：A strong earthquake hit Tangshan on 28 July 1976, and many people were killed or injured.
Paragraph 3：The city was greatly affected and nearly destroyed.
Paragraph 4：The rescue work began soon after the quakes.
Paragraph 5：With strong support from the government and the city's people, the new city of Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins.
第三步：做到要点齐全、用语简洁
写作时要注意核对要点是否齐全，表述是否完整，是否有重要信息的遗漏；表达要注意逻辑顺畅，用语要简洁明了，以把信息内容用最精炼的语言向读者交待明白为写作原则。如文本的写作摘要如下：
For several days, strange things occurred in the countryside of Hebei, China. Then, on 28 July 1976, a strong earthquake hit Tangshan city. Many people were killed or injured, and the city was greatly affected and nearly destroyed. Fortunately, the rescue work began soon after the quakes. With strong support from the government and the city's people, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins.
关键能力强化
概要写作是对原文内容的提炼、概括、精加工，一般不能照抄原文词句，需对原文词句进行变换，以达到提炼文内重要信息，简明表达的效果。词句变换主要表现在以下几个方面。
1．同义替换
①be good to有益于：benefit
②too much过多的：excessive
③the same as与……一样：likewise
④about关于：concerning, regarding, related to, be relevant to
⑤actually事实上：in fact, as a matter of fact，in reality
⑥aim at旨在：aim to, be aimed at, be intended to, be meant to
⑦appear出现：appearance, turn up, show up
⑧approach靠近；临近：come near, draw near, around the corner
⑨besides而且；另外：additionally, in addition, what's more, moreover, furthermore
⑩be pride of为……感到骄傲/自豪：take pride in
energetic精力充沛的：full of energy
have fun玩得开心：enjoy oneself, have a good time
hold举行：take place
honor/honour纪念：in honor/honour of
smart聪明的：intelligent, bright, brilliant
in a word总之：all in all, in conclusion, in short, in brief, to sum up
finally最后：in the end, eventually, at the end of
in the beginning开始：at the start of, to begin with
2．反义转换
①sincere→insincere
②encourage→discourage
3．词性转换
①recognize your child→parents' recognition
②strongly against→strong opposition
4．句式变化
(1)主、被动语态变换
People widely use computers in the world today.
→Computers are widely used (by people) in the world today.
(2)简单句合并为复合句
The weather turned out to be very good. This was more than we could expect.
→The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect.
(3)连词衔接法
He insisted on staying. He was not willing to go.
→He insisted on staying rather than going.
(4)固定结构转换法
We are sure to finish it in time because so many people are helping us.
→With so many people helping us, we are sure to finish it in time.
(5)特殊句式法(倒装句和强调句)
①Professor White, Professor Smith and many other guests were present at the meeting.
→Present at the meeting were Professor White, Professor Smith and many other guests.
②The beautiful scenery attracts the tourists from all over the world.
→It is the beautiful scenery that attracts the tourists from all over the world.
[随堂针对练笔]
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Environmental problems are becoming more and more serious all over the world.For example, cars have made the air unhealthy for people to breathe and poisonous gas is given off by factories.Trees on the hills have been cut down and waste water is being poured continuously into rivers.Furthermore, wherever we go today, we can find rubbish carelessly disposed (处理)．
There are different kinds of pollutants, each of which comes from different sources.It is necessary to identify the source of pollution, in order to make a policy to get rid of them.Different products, processes and activities of our industrialized world together form the major source of pollution.
The forms of pollution can be mainly divided into three kinds — solids，liquid and gas.These pollutants have greatly damaged our planet and continue to do so.In fact, pollution is threatening our existence.The whole ecological balance of the earth is changing.Massive destruction of environment has brought about negative effects and even posed a great threat to man's existence.
We must face the situation that exists and take action to solve our environmental problems.For instance, new laws must be passed to place strict control over industrial pollution; the public must receive the education about the danger of pollution and raise their awareness of protecting the environment and so on.
The earth is our home and we have the duty to take care of it for ourselves and our later generations.Fortunately, more and more people have realized these problems.Measures have been taken to deal with these situations by the government.And laws have been passed to stop pollution. I hope the problems will be solved in the near future and our home will become better and better.
参考范文：
The global environment is becoming worse because of various pollutants related to the industrial world.(要点1) In the forms of gas, solid and liquid, these pollutants are becoming a major threat to the earth and human survival.(要点2) Therefore, we have to face it directly and spare no effort to handle it.(要点3) Luckily, people have been aware of the urgency of environmental protection and the government has taken action to solve these problems, which surely will help make our earth better.(要点4)
课时跟踪检测
[写作专项训练]
Ⅰ.根据提示补全短文
情境：李雷在参加一场主题为“如何预防自然灾害”的演讲比赛，他正在就如何应对地震展开论述。
Good morning, everyone，
I'm Li Lei, and it's my honour to give a speech about earthquake prevention.There happened earthquakes in many places recently. The earthquake could cause significant damage.So ①__________________
_____________________ (如何在地震期间保持安全) has become an important issue. Here are some guidelines.
how to keep safe
during an earthquake
Firstly, don't be nervous and keep calm. Try to get into ②_________
___________________ (一片远离树木的空地), buildings, walls, signs, power lines and anything else that might fall on you if you are outdoors. Secondly, if you are indoors, stay there. Quickly move to a safe place in the room such as under a strong desk. ③_______________________________
______________ (用手和胳膊覆盖住你的头和脖子). The goal is to protect yourself from falling objects. Avoid getting close to windows, large mirrors and hanging objects. Thirdly, ④________________ (千万不要使用电梯)．
an open
area away from trees
Cover your head and neck with your
hands and arms
never use the lift
Though we can't stop earthquakes, ⑤________________________
________________________ (我们能够减少地震给我们带来的破坏) if we take right measures.
we can reduce the damage
that earthquakes bring us
Ⅱ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，你从电视新闻上得知你的外国朋友Lisa所在的城市发生了地震。请你给Lisa写一封信，内容包括：
1．询问Lisa及其家人是否安好；
2．得知该地震的影响：6人死亡，500多人受伤，20人失踪，200多所房子坍塌；
3．愿意尽最大努力提供帮助。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2．请按如下格式作答。
参考范文：
Dear Lisa，
How are you doing When I watched the news on TV, I learned that a terrible earthquake happened in your city. I am really concerned about you and your family.
I'm so sorry to hear about the disaster. It caused six deaths and left more than five hundred people injured. What's worse, 20 people were missing and over two hundred houses fell down.I hope that none of your family members was injured.
Please don't be worried. Everything will be fine. If you need any help, please let me know. As one of your best friends, I will do what I can to help you.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
Ⅲ.概要写作
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
With global warming and melting ice, it isn't easy being a polar bear any more.Some studies have predicted that polar bears could die out by the end of the century.The good news is that not all researchers think the bears are absolutely disappearing.Scientists at the American Museum of Natural History (AMNH) have published a new paper indicating that things might not be as bad for polar bears as some scientists expect.
To understand the reason for the researchers' cautious optimism, we must first understand the factors that are threatening the polar bears' existence.Polar bears consume a diet of mainly young seals.In order to hunt these seals, polar bears need to rest at the top of sea ice — the same ice that is increasingly melting for most of the year thanks to climate change.In another 50 years, experts expect that the Arctic will be too warm for sea ice to form for half of the year, leaving polar bears without a reliable food source and in serious danger of starvation.
As it turns out, alternative food sources for the polar bears aren't completely out of the question.For as long as biologists have tailed after the animals, they've seen polar bears eating animals found on land like caribou (驯鹿) and snow geese — as well as the snow geese's eggs.
Can polar bears actually survive off these alternative food sources for long periods of time？To figure this out，researchers calculated the nutrients that a caribou and snow geese diet would provide.They found that even adult male polar bears would be able to obtain more calories than they would burn in hunting these meals.Moreover，the food would provide the food necessary to avoid starvation during the summer months.
Unfortunately, not all polar bears have tended to seek food on land.That said, the researchers expect that necessity would push more polar bears to hunt on land to avoid starvation.They also expect that the bears could learn from their fellow bears how to hunt on land until the practice becomes second nature.
参考范文：
With global warming and melting ice, some scientists think that polar bears could die out by the end of the century.(要点1) However, other scientists don't think so.They have found polar bears have found alternative food sources and that they can survive by hunting animals on land instead of young seals.(要点2) The researchers expect all polar bears learn how to hunt on land to avoid starvation.(要点3)
[阅读拓展训练]
阅读七选五
Hurricanes are too frightening for kids, so learning about how to prepare is quite important. The following are some hurricane preparedness tips for helping protect your children from sufferings during and after disasters.
1 Explain to your children what could happen in the event of a hurricane, using simple, age-appropriate words. Make an emergency plan for the whole family with an evacuation (疏散) plan and meeting location.
Practice evacuation. 2 Be sure to run through different plans — at home, at school and at other places you often visit. When planning your evacuation route, remember that bridges may be washed away and low-lying areas may be flooded.
If not evacuated, stay indoors. If you aren't advised to evacuate, or are unable to do so safely, stay indoors away from windows, skylights and doors. Continue to pay attention to weather reports and don't go outside until the storm has passed. 3
It is important to have your routines (常规) and keep them. Children experience comfort from habits and routines, like a story before bedtime or a family meal each evening. 4
Watch your children for changes in behavior, sleeping patterns, or eating habits. Children may be afraid or anxious for a while after the hurricane. 5 However, if they continue, you should seek professional help.
A．If it is possible, keep these routines.
B．Talk to your children about hurricanes.
C．It is important to keep these routines in any case.
D．Tell your children to calm down during a hurricane.
E．Once you've made your evacuation plan, it's time to practice.
F．If changes in behavior do happen, they will likely lessen within a short time.
G．Fallen trees, live electrical wires and other dangers can appear unexpectedly.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍对于孩子来说如何防范飓风。
1．选B 空处是本段的主旨句。空后提到可以用简单的、适龄的语言向孩子解释万一飓风来临的话会发生什么，故可推知空处应是建议和孩子谈论飓风，故B项符合语境。
2．选E 通读本段可知，本段主要介绍了要进行疏散练习，故E选项“一旦你制订了疏散计划，就该开始练习了”符合语境。
3．选G 上文提到在暴风雨过去之前不要出门，空处为本段最后一句，应承接上文说明不要出门的原因。故G项“倒下的树木、带电的电线和其他危险可能会意外地出现”符合语境。
4．选A 根据空前内容可知，本段建议在飓风来临时保持日常习惯，且提到了睡前听一个故事或每天晚上和家人一起吃饭等孩子们的日常习惯，故A选项“如果可能的话，保持这些习惯”符合语境。
5．选F 空前提到飓风过后，孩子们可能会害怕或焦虑一段时间，空后提到如果孩子们持续感到害怕或焦虑，你应该寻求专业的帮助，故本句应说明孩子们的害怕或焦虑减少的情况，故F选项“如果(孩子们的)行为确实发生了改变，它们可能会在短时间内减少”符合语境。UNIT 4 课时检测(六) Writing
[写作专项训练]
Ⅰ.根据提示补全短文
情境：李雷在参加一场主题为“如何预防自然灾害”的演讲比赛，他正在就如何应对地震展开论述。
Good morning, everyone，
I'm Li Lei, and it's my honour to give a speech about earthquake prevention.There happened earthquakes in many places recently. The earthquake could cause significant damage.So ①______________________________ (如何在地震期间保持安全) has become an important issue. Here are some guidelines.
Firstly, don't be nervous and keep calm. Try to get into ②______________________________ (一片远离树木的空地), buildings, walls, signs, power lines and anything else that might fall on you if you are outdoors. Secondly, if you are indoors, stay there. Quickly move to a safe place in the room such as under a strong desk. ③____________________________________________ (用手和胳膊覆盖住你的头和脖子). The goal is to protect yourself from falling objects. Avoid getting close to windows, large mirrors and hanging objects. Thirdly, ④______________ (千万不要使用电梯)．
Though we can't stop earthquakes, ⑤________________________________________________ (我们能够减少地震给我们带来的破坏) if we take right measures.
Ⅱ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，你从电视新闻上得知你的外国朋友Lisa所在的城市发生了地震。请你给Lisa写一封信，内容包括：
1．询问Lisa及其家人是否安好；
2．得知该地震的影响：6人死亡，500多人受伤，20人失踪，200多所房子坍塌；
3．愿意尽最大努力提供帮助。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Dear Lisa，
How are you doing？
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
Ⅲ.概要写作
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
With global warming and melting ice, it isn't easy being a polar bear any more.Some studies have predicted that polar bears could die out by the end of the century.The good news is that not all researchers think the bears are absolutely disappearing.Scientists at the American Museum of Natural History (AMNH) have published a new paper indicating that things might not be as bad for polar bears as some scientists expect.
To understand the reason for the researchers' cautious optimism, we must first understand the factors that are threatening the polar bears' existence.Polar bears consume a diet of mainly young seals.In order to hunt these seals, polar bears need to rest at the top of sea ice — the same ice that is increasingly melting for most of the year thanks to climate change.In another 50 years, experts expect that the Arctic will be too warm for sea ice to form for half of the year, leaving polar bears without a reliable food source and in serious danger of starvation.
As it turns out, alternative food sources for the polar bears aren't completely out of the question.For as long as biologists have tailed after the animals, they've seen polar bears eating animals found on land like caribou (驯鹿) and snow geese — as well as the snow geese's eggs.
Can polar bears actually survive off these alternative food sources for long periods of time？To figure this out，researchers calculated the nutrients that a caribou and snow geese diet would provide.They found that even adult male polar bears would be able to obtain more calories than they would burn in hunting these meals.Moreover，the food would provide the food necessary to avoid starvation during the summer months.
Unfortunately, not all polar bears have tended to seek food on land.That said, the researchers expect that necessity would push more polar bears to hunt on land to avoid starvation.They also expect that the bears could learn from their fellow bears how to hunt on land until the practice becomes second nature.
[阅读拓展训练]
阅读七选五
Hurricanes are too frightening for kids, so learning about how to prepare is quite important. The following are some hurricane preparedness tips for helping protect your children from sufferings during and after disasters.
__1__ Explain to your children what could happen in the event of a hurricane, using simple, age appropriate words. Make an emergency plan for the whole family with an evacuation (疏散) plan and meeting location.
Practice evacuation. __2__ Be sure to run through different plans — at home, at school and at other places you often visit. When planning your evacuation route, remember that bridges may be washed away and low lying areas may be flooded.
If not evacuated, stay indoors. If you aren't advised to evacuate, or are unable to do so safely, stay indoors away from windows, skylights and doors. Continue to pay attention to weather reports and don't go outside until the storm has passed. __3__
It is important to have your routines (常规) and keep them. Children experience comfort from habits and routines, like a story before bedtime or a family meal each evening. __4__
Watch your children for changes in behavior, sleeping patterns, or eating habits. Children may be afraid or anxious for a while after the hurricane. __5__ However, if they continue, you should seek professional help.
A．If it is possible, keep these routines.
B．Talk to your children about hurricanes.
C．It is important to keep these routines in any case.
D．Tell your children to calm down during a hurricane.
E．Once you've made your evacuation plan, it's time to practice.
F．If changes in behavior do happen, they will likely lessen within a short time.
G．Fallen trees, live electrical wires and other dangers can appear unexpectedly.
UNIT 4 课时检测(六)
[写作专项训练]
Ⅰ.①how to keep safe during an earthquake
②an open area away from trees
③Cover your head and neck with your hands and arms
④never use the lift
⑤we can reduce the damage that earthquakes bring us
Ⅱ.应用文写作(参考范文)
Dear Lisa，
How are you doing When I watched the news on TV, I learned that a terrible earthquake happened in your city. I am really concerned about you and your family.
I'm so sorry to hear about the disaster. It caused six deaths and left more than five hundred people injured. What's worse, 20 people were missing and over two hundred houses fell down.I hope that none of your family members was injured.
Please don't be worried. Everything will be fine. If you need any help, please let me know. As one of your best friends, I will do what I can to help you.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
Ⅲ.概要写作(参考范文)
With global warming and melting ice, some scientists think that polar bears could die out by the end of the century.(要点1) However, other scientists don't think so.They have found polar bears have found alternative food sources and that they can survive by hunting animals on land instead of young seals.(要点2) The researchers expect all polar bears learn how to hunt on land to avoid starvation.(要点3)
[阅读拓展训练]
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍对于孩子来说如何防范飓风。
1．选B 空处是本段的主旨句。空后提到可以用简单的、适龄的语言向孩子解释万一飓风来临的话会发生什么，故可推知空处应是建议和孩子谈论飓风，故B项符合语境。
2．选E 通读本段可知，本段主要介绍了要进行疏散练习，故E选项“一旦你制订了疏散计划，就该开始练习了”符合语境。
3．选G 上文提到在暴风雨过去之前不要出门，空处为本段最后一句，应承接上文说明不要出门的原因。故G项“倒下的树木、带电的电线和其他危险可能会意外地出现”符合语境。
4．选A 根据空前内容可知，本段建议在飓风来临时保持日常习惯，且提到了睡前听一个故事或每天晚上和家人一起吃饭等孩子们的日常习惯，故A选项“如果可能的话，保持这些习惯”符合语境。
5．选F 空前提到飓风过后，孩子们可能会害怕或焦虑一段时间，空后提到如果孩子们持续感到害怕或焦虑，你应该寻求专业的帮助，故本句应说明孩子们的害怕或焦虑减少的情况，故F选项“如果(孩子们的)行为确实发生了改变，它们可能会在短时间内减少”符合语境。
