Section Ⅳ Discovering Useful Structures
语法项目—定语从句(2) 关系副词和“介词＋which/whom”引导的定语从句
语境中体悟
One of my favourite memories is the time when I first used English① in a restaurant with two of my classmates. The place where it happened② was Covent Garden in London. That was the day when I realised I could speak English well③ with a little confidence. I ordered our meal and had a chat with the waiter about the place in which we stayed④. The reason why it gave me confidence⑤ is because it was a real life situation and not just in a classroom.
[语法入门]
①③句中when引导定语从句，并在从句中作时间状语。
②句中where引导定语从句，并在从句中作地点状语。
④句中in which引导定语从句，并在从句中作地点状语。
⑤句中why引导定语从句，并在从句中作原因状语。
学案中理清
当引导定语从句的关系词在从句中作时间、地点、原因状语时，应使用关系副词when, where, why。
关系副词的作用如下：
(1)指代表示时间、地点、原因的先行词；
(2)在从句中充当句子成分——状语；
(3)起连接作用，把主句和定语从句连接起来。
一、关系副词when引导的定语从句
[先感知]
①(教材典句)．.. as it was a time when people were divided geographically ...
②I still remember clearly the day when I first met Mr Li.
[会发现]
①句中的when引导定语从句，修饰先行词time，并在定语从句中作__________状语，相当于during which (＝during the time)“在这期间”。②句中的when在定语从句中作__________状语，相当于on which (＝on the day)“在那天”。
[明规则]
1．when引导定语从句的用法：when (＝at/in/on/during＋which)表示时间，代替先行词并在定语从句中作时间状语，其先行词往往是表示时间的名词，如time, day, week, year等。
2．表示时间的名词后的定语从句的关系词的选择标准：当先行词是时间名词时，定语从句既可以用when引导，也可以用that或which引导，关键看关系词在从句中作何种成分。若关系词在定语从句中作状语，则用when引导；若关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，则用that或which引导。
[对点练] (单句语法填空)
①(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)It might be the time __________ you helped a friend with their homework.
②We are living in an age __________ many things are done on computers.
③Do you still remember the days __________we spent together on the farm
二、关系副词where引导的定语从句
[先感知]
①(教材典句)Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.
②Keep the books in a place where you can find them easily.
[会发现]
①句中的where (＝in which)相当于in the country，修饰先行词country; ②句中的where (＝in which)相当于in the place。 where在两个定语从句中均作__________状语。
[明规则]
1．where (＝in/at/on＋which)表示地点，代替先行词并在定语从句中作地点状语，其先行词往往是表示具体地点的名词，如place, factory, house, village等，或表示抽象地点的名词，如position, point, case, stage, situation, atmosphere等。
2．当先行词是地点名词时，如果关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，则用that或which引导定语从句。
3．where 引导的定语从句和状语从句的区别
(1)where 引导定语从句时，为关系副词，在定语从句中作地点状语，其前有一个表示地点的先行词。此时，where 可以换成“介词＋which”结构。where 引导的定语从句只能位于主句之后或句中，不能位于句首。
Is there a shop around where(＝in which) we can buy some fruit
附近有没有商店可以让我们在里面买些水果？
(2)where 引导状语从句时，为从属连词。where引导的地点状语从句修饰主句中的谓语动词， where 前面没有表示地点的名词。此时，where 不能换成“介词＋which”结构。where 引导的地点状语从句可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后。
Where I live there are plenty of sheep.
我住的地方绵羊很多。
We should go where we are needed.
我们应该到需要我们的地方去。
[对点练] (用适当的关系词填空)
①(2024·浙江1月高考)Then she concentrated on jogging to the spot __________ the track curved (拐弯)．
②(2023·全国甲卷) “There was once a town in the heart of America __________ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co existence with its surroundings，” her fable begins ...
③(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Writing was so difficult and painful for me that my teacher had allowed me to present my paper on the sinking of the Titanic by acting out a play __________ I played all the parts.
④(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)This is an amazing program __________ you can share your ideas with students.
⑤Their child is at the stage __________ she can say individual words but not full sentences.
⑥His father works in a factory __________ makes radio parts.
三、关系副词why引导的定语从句
[先感知]
①That was the reason why he was so upset.
②The reason why he came late was not reasonable.
[会发现]
上述两个定语从句中都使用了why，所修饰的词都是______________。
[明规则
1．why (＝for which)表示原因，代替先行词并在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词是名词reason。
2．若代替先行词reason的关系词在定语从句中不作状语，而是充当主语或宾语，则用that或which引导定语从句。 ]
[对点练] (用定语从句合并句子)
①He didn't tell me the reason. He changed his plan for the reason.
→____________________________________________________________.
②You have a full preparation before this event and you show up here. It is the most important reason.
→You have a full preparation before this event, ___________________________________.
四、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
[先感知]
①(教材典句)It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu — animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people.
②This is the hall in which the medical conference will be held.
③The couple have two children, neither of whom lives with them.
[会发现]
在句①和②中，which前都有介词。on which (＝on animal bones and shells)“在……的上面”，修饰bones and shells; in which (＝______________)“在大厅里”。在句③中whom前有neither of, neither of whom (＝neither of the two children)“两个孩子没有一个”修饰__________________。
[明规则]
1．关系代词的选择
“介词＋关系代词”既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。在此结构中，先行词指人时关系代词用whom，不能用who/that；先行词指物时关系代词用which，不能用 that。
2．介词选择的三原则
一先：根据先行词的搭配习惯来确定。
二动：根据从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯来确定。
三意义：根据从句所表达的意义来确定。如表“所属关系”或“整体中的一部分”时，常用of which/whom引导定语从句。
3．其他注意事项
(1)介词可后移，此时关系代词可省略(省略时，介词必须后移)。
(2)有些含有介词的固定动词短语一般不能将介词分开放在关系代词前，如listen to, look for, care for, hear from, hear of, take care of等。
(3)“名词/代词/数词＋of＋关系代词”引导的定语从句通常是非限制性定语从句，该结构在定语从句中一般作主语。
[对点练]
(用“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句完成句子)
①This is the newspaper __________________.
这就是我读到那篇文章的报纸。
②The teacher didn't believe the reason __________________________________________.
老师不相信他迟到的理由。
③There are 50 students in our class, ________________________________________.
我们班有50名学生，其中一半来自农村。
④(2022·浙江6月高考)Those rooms are equipped with modern electronic facilities, ______________________________________________.
那些房间配备了现代化的电子设备，所有这些设备都与互联网相连。
应用中融通
Ⅰ.用适当的介词或关系副词完成短文
Last Sunday Liu Mei and her friends wanted to visit the village school ①__________ her father studied. They wrote down some information ②__________ which her father told them, and then set out. The reason ③__________ they did it was that they wanted to know more about the village school. And they would never forget the day ④__________ they had a good time there.
Ⅱ.根据括号内的汉语提示完成短文
①______________________ (有一段时间) I was tired of learning English and disliked speaking English. And ②______________________________ (这就是……的原因) my father forced me to join in a 30 day training in an English club before I went to senior high school. When I first came to the club, ③______________________________ (在那里我遇到了很多陌生人), I missed my parents very much. So I packed up my things and wanted to go home. Fortunately, my guide communicated with me face to face, ④__________________________________________ (从他那里我得到了一些有用的指导). He also introduced a good partner to me, and we got along well with each other. Gradually I adapted to the life there.
Section Ⅳ
学案中理清
一、[会发现] 时间 时间
[对点练] ①when ②when ③that/which
二、[会发现] 地点
[对点练] ①where ②where ③where ④where ⑤where
⑥that/which
三、[会发现] the reason
[对点练] ①He didn't tell me the reason why (for which) he changed his plan
②which is the most important reason why you show up here
四、[会发现] in the hall two children
[对点练] ①in which I read the article
②for which he came late
③half of whom come from the countryside
④all of which are linked to the Internet
应用中融通
Ⅰ.①where ②about ③why ④when
Ⅱ.①There was a time when ②this was the reason why
③where I met many strangers ④from whom I gained some useful instructions(共67张PPT)
Section Ⅳ
Discovering Useful Structures
目 录
(语法项目——定语从句(2) 关系副词和“介词＋
which/whom”引导的定语从句)
课时跟踪检测
(语法项目——定语从句（2） 关系副词和“介词＋
which/whom”引导的定语从句)
语境中体悟
One of my favourite memories is the time when I first used English① in a restaurant with two of my classmates. The place where it happened② was Covent Garden in London.
That was the day when I realised I could speak English well③ with a little confidence. I ordered our meal and had a chat with the waiter about the place in which we stayed④. The reason why it gave me confidence⑤ is because it was a real life situation and not just in a classroom.
[语法入门]
①③句中when引导定语从句，并在从句中作时间状语。
②句中where引导定语从句，并在从句中作地点状语。
④句中in which引导定语从句，并在从句中作地点状语。
⑤句中why引导定语从句，并在从句中作原因状语。
学案中理清
当引导定语从句的关系词在从句中作时间、地点、原因状语时，应使用关系副词when, where, why。
关系副词的作用如下：
(1)指代表示时间、地点、原因的先行词；
(2)在从句中充当句子成分——状语；
(3)起连接作用，把主句和定语从句连接起来。
一、关系副词when引导的定语从句
[先感知]
①(教材典句)．.. as it was a time when people were divided geographically ...
②I still remember clearly the day when I first met Mr Li.
[会发现]
①句中的when引导定语从句，修饰先行词time，并在定语从句中作______状语，相当于during which (＝during the time)“在这期间”。②句中的when在定语从句中作______状语，相当于on which (＝on the day)“在那天”。
时间
时间
[明规则]
1．when引导定语从句的用法：when (＝at/in/on/during＋which)表示时间，代替先行词并在定语从句中作时间状语，其先行词往往是表示时间的名词，如time, day, week, year等。
2．表示时间的名词后的定语从句的关系词的选择标准：当先行词是时间名词时，定语从句既可以用when引导，也可以用that或which引导，关键看关系词在从句中作何种成分。若关系词在定语从句中作状语，则用when引导；若关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，则用that或which引导。
[对点练] (单句语法填空)
①(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)It might be the time _____ you helped a friend with their homework.
②We are living in an age ______ many things are done on computers.
③Do you still remember the days __________ we spent together on the farm
when
when
that/which
二、关系副词where引导的定语从句
[先感知]
①(教材典句)Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.
②Keep the books in a place where you can find them easily.
[会发现]
①句中的where (＝in which)相当于in the country，修饰先行词country; ②句中的where (＝in which)相当于in the place。 where在两个定语从句中均作_____状语。
地点
[明规则]
1．where (＝in/at/on＋which)表示地点，代替先行词并在定语从句中作地点状语，其先行词往往是表示具体地点的名词，如place, factory, house, village等，或表示抽象地点的名词，如position, point, case, stage, situation, atmosphere等。
2．当先行词是地点名词时，如果关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，则用that或which引导定语从句。
3．where 引导的定语从句和状语从句的区别
(1)where 引导定语从句时，为关系副词，在定语从句中作地点状语，其前有一个表示地点的先行词。此时，where 可以换成“介词＋which”结构。where 引导的定语从句只能位于主句之后或句中，不能位于句首。
Is there a shop around where(＝in which) we can buy some fruit
附近有没有商店可以让我们在里面买些水果？
(2)where 引导状语从句时，为从属连词。where引导的地点状语从句修饰主句中的谓语动词， where 前面没有表示地点的名词。此时，where 不能换成“介词＋which”结构。where 引导的地点状语从句可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后。
Where I live there are plenty of sheep.
我住的地方绵羊很多。
We should go where we are needed.
我们应该到需要我们的地方去。
[对点练] (用适当的关系词填空)
①(2024·浙江1月高考)Then she concentrated on jogging to the spot ______ the track curved (拐弯)．
②(2023·全国甲卷) “There was once a town in the heart of America ______ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings，” her fable begins ...
where
where
③(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Writing was so difficult and painful for me that my teacher had allowed me to present my paper on the sinking of the Titanic by acting out a play ______ I played all the parts.
④(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)This is an amazing program _______ you can share your ideas with students.
⑤Their child is at the stage ______ she can say individual words but not full sentences.
⑥His father works in a factory ___________ makes radio parts.
where
where
where
that/which
三、关系副词why引导的定语从句
[先感知]
①That was the reason why he was so upset.
②The reason why he came late was not reasonable.
[会发现]
上述两个定语从句中都使用了why，所修饰的词都是__________。
the reason
[明规则]
1．why (＝for which)表示原因，代替先行词并在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词是名词reason。
2．若代替先行词reason的关系词在定语从句中不作状语，而是充当主语或宾语，则用that或which引导定语从句。
[对点练] (用定语从句合并句子)
①He didn't tell me the reason. He changed his plan for the reason.
→______________________________________________________
_____.
②You have a full preparation before this event and you show up here. It is the most important reason.
→You have a full preparation before this event, _______________
____________________________________.
He didn't tell me the reason why (for which) he changed his
plan
which is the most
important reason why you show up here
四、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
[先感知]
①(教材典句)It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu — animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people.
②This is the hall in which the medical conference will be held.
③The couple have two children, neither of whom lives with them.
[会发现]
在句①和②中，which前都有介词。on which (＝on animal bones and shells)“在……的上面”，修饰bones and shells; in which (＝__________)“在大厅里”。在句③中whom前有neither of, neither of whom (＝neither of the two children)“两个孩子没有一个”修饰____________。
in the hall
two children
[明规则]
1．关系代词的选择
“介词＋关系代词”既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。在此结构中，先行词指人时关系代词用whom，不能用who/that；先行词指物时关系代词用which，不能用 that。
2．介词选择的三原则
一先：根据先行词的搭配习惯来确定。
二动：根据从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯来确定。
三意义：根据从句所表达的意义来确定。如表“所属关系”或“整体中的一部分”时，常用of which/whom引导定语从句。
3．其他注意事项
(1)介词可后移，此时关系代词可省略(省略时，介词必须后移)。
(2)有些含有介词的固定动词短语一般不能将介词分开放在关系代词前，如listen to, look for, care for, hear from, hear of, take care of等。
(3)“名词/代词/数词＋of＋关系代词”引导的定语从句通常是非限制性定语从句，该结构在定语从句中一般作主语。
[对点练]
(用“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句完成句子)
①This is the newspaper _______________________.
这就是我读到那篇文章的报纸。
②The teacher didn't believe the reason _____________________.
老师不相信他迟到的理由。
in which I read the article
for which he came late
③There are 50 students in our class, __________________________
____________.
我们班有50名学生，其中一半来自农村。
④(2022·浙江6月高考)Those rooms are equipped with modern electronic facilities, _________________________________.
那些房间配备了现代化的电子设备，所有这些设备都与互联网相连。
half of whom come from the
countryside
all of which are linked to the Internet
应用中融通
Ⅰ.用适当的介词或关系副词完成短文
Last Sunday Liu Mei and her friends wanted to visit the village school ①______ her father studied. They wrote down some information ②_________ which her father told them, and then set out. The reason ③_____ they did it was that they wanted to know more about the village school. And they would never forget the day ④______ they had a good time there.
where
about
why
when
Ⅱ.根据括号内的汉语提示完成短文
①_____________________ (有一段时间) I was tired of learning English and disliked speaking English. And ②_____________________ (这就是……的原因) my father forced me to join in a 30-day training in an English club before I went to senior high school. When I first came to the club, ③_________________________ (在那里我遇到了很多陌生人), I missed my parents very much.
There was a time when
this was the reason why
where I met many strangers
So I packed up my things and wanted to go home. Fortunately, my guide communicated with me face-to-face, ④_______________________
_________________ (从他那里我得到了一些有用的指导). He also introduced a good partner to me, and we got along well with each other. Gradually I adapted to the life there.
from whom I gained some
useful instructions
课时跟踪检测
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Although English is not as old as Chinese, it is spoken by many people around the world every day.English speakers are always creating new words, and we are often able to know where most words come from.
Sometimes, however, no one may really know where a word comes from.Did you ever think about why hamburgers are called hamburgers, especially when they are not made with ham About a hundred years ago, some men went to America from Europe.They came from a big city in Germany called Hamburg.They did not speak good English, but they ate good food.When some Americans saw them eating round pieces of beef, they asked the Germans what it was.
The Germans did not understand the question and answered，“We come from Hamburg.” One of these Americans owned a restaurant, and he had an idea.He cooked some round pieces of beef like those which the men from Hamburg ate.Then he put each between two pieces of bread and started selling them.Such bread came to be called “hamburgers”．Today “hamburgers” are sold in many countries around the world.
Whether this story is true or not, it is certainly interesting.Knowing why any word has a certain meaning is interesting, too.This reason, for most English words, can be found in any large English dictionary.
语篇解读：每个英语单词的含义背后都有一个故事，本文介绍了“hamburger”这个单词的来历。
1．According to the author, English is .
A．as old as Chinese
B．older than German
C．not so old as Chinese
D．very difficult to learn
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句“Although English is not as old as Chinese, it is spoken by many people around the world every day.”可知，英语没有汉语那么古老。故选C。
√
2．We know from the story that .
A．few Americans like hamburgers
B．hamburgers were made by Germans
C．hamburgers are made with ham
D．hamburgers were first sold about a century ago
解析：推理判断题。根据文章第二段第三句“About a hundred years ago, some men went to America from Europe.”及后文内容可知，汉堡包第一次被销售是在100年前。故选D。
√
3．Which of the following can often be found in any large English dictionary based on paragraph 3
A．Where all the words come from.
B．Where those Germans came from.
C．The reason why a word has a certain meaning.
D．The reason why English is spoken around the world.
√
解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一句“This reason, for most English words, can be found in any large English dictionary.”可知，任何英语大词典里面的一个单词都会有某个含义，这是有原因的。故选C。
4．According to the story, the word “hamburger” comes from .
A．China because it has a long history
B．England because Germans don't speak good English
C．the round pieces of beef which those people from Hamburg were eating
D．the city of Hamburg in Germany
√
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，“hamburger”这个词来源于Hamburg的人吃的圆片的牛肉。故选C。
Ⅱ.完形填空
Lucas majors in classic linguistics. He is equal to recognizing a language in a 5 way no matter how unfamiliar it is. Last year, he 6 a shell with some totally strange 7 carved on it at a stall (小摊).
Based on his demanding 8 ， he knew it was from a small village. Besides, after 9 many related reference books, he had his point of view: the symbols were 10 as a variety of the writing system of Jiaguwen, a kind of writing system which dates back to 1500 BC.
Lucas had a 11 attitude to the discovery and applied to his university for a further research by visiting the village. With permission given, he visited it. He found the mother tongue of the villagers was a special dialect, whose vocabulary 12 from Mandarin (普通话) spoken by 1.4 billion people.
Despite many 13 ， understanding the dialect and finding more shells helped him complete a report. The report was 14 ， where he gave a full description: The characters 15 by a small nation in the Shang Dynasty were passed down by means of bones and 16 . Afterwards, the nation went through ups and downs, 17 for hundreds of years. But it 18 disappeared due to some factors.
Lucas's report was a 19 in the academic field, attracting more people to these special characters.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍一名语言学学生卢卡斯发现一种特殊文字，通过调查和查阅相关书籍最终弄明白这种文字是甲骨文并发表了一篇报告，在学术界引起了轰动，吸引了更多的人关注这些特殊的文字。
5．A.global B．narrow
C．native D．specific
解析：根据下文“no matter how unfamiliar it is”可知，不管一门语言多陌生，卢卡斯都能以他自己的方式来识别，所以应该是他特定的方式，故选D。
√
6．A.appreciated B．begged
C．discovered D．buried
解析：根据下文“a shell with some totally strange”可知，是发现一个贝壳，故选C。
√
7．A.pants B．symbols
C．affairs D．gaps
解析：根据下文“carved on it”可知，刻在贝壳上的应该是符号之类的，故选B。
√
8．A. investigation B．calligraphy
C．delivery D．summary
解析：根据下文“he knew it was from a small village”可知，他通过调查得知那个贝壳上符号来自一个小村庄，故选A。
√
9．A. referring to B．applying for
C．sweeping away D．coming along
解析：根据下文“many related reference books”可知，是查阅了很多相关的参考书籍，故选A。
√
10．A.honored B．recommended
C．employed D．regarded
解析：根据上文可知，他通过调查和查阅相关书籍得出了自己的观点，这些符号被看作是甲骨文，故选D。
√
11．A.extra B．serious
C．calm D．suitable
解析：根据下文“applied to his university for a further research by visiting the village”可知，卢卡斯对待这件事是严肃认真的，故选B。
√
12．A.suffered B．learned
C．differed D．survived
解析：根据上文“He found the mother tongue of the villagers was a special dialect”可知，村民的母语是一种特殊的方言，所以是不同于普通话的，故选C。
√
13．A.emergencies B．disasters
C．crashes D．challenges
解析：根据上文“Despite”和下文“understanding the dialect and finding more shells helped him complete a report”可知，前后是让步关系，所以应该是尽管面临许多挑战，故选D。
√
14．A.supplied B．destroyed
C．tracked D．published
解析：根据下文“where he gave a full description”可知，是报告发表后，我们才看到他给出的完整描述，故选D。
√
15．A.sheltered B．affected
C．created D．damaged
解析：根据下文“by a small nation in the Shang Dynasty”可知，是说明这种文字是由谁创造的，故选C。
√
16．A.bricks B．shells
C．apartments D．pipes
解析：根据前文可知这种文字是甲骨文以及“by means of bones”可知，是通过骨头和贝壳来传递的，故选B。
√
17．A. struggling B．erupting
C．unifying D．tapping
解析：根据上文“the nation went through ups and downs”可知，这个国家经历很多波折，所以应是奋斗了数百年，故选A。
√
18．A.fluently B．positively
C．finally D．extremely
解析：根据下文“due to some factors”和常识可知，甲骨文最终消失了，故选C。
√
19．A.gas B．hit
C．subway D．champion
解析：根据下文“attracting more people to these special characters”可知，卢卡斯的报告在学术界引起了轰动，故选B。
√
Ⅲ.语法填空
Bees live in a well-organized society. They have a highly developed language 1 is different from those of other animals. They 2 (normal) pass important messages to each other about where 3 (find) food.
A searcher bee goes out looking 4 new food supplies. She returns home and 5 (give) her information to the worker bees there. The major way that bees communicate is by touch.This is how bees can tell which kind of flower the searcher bee has found. She then does 6 dance to give more information to the worker bees.
There are two 7 (type) of dance that tell about food: the “waggle” dance and the “circle” dance. The searcher bee does the circle dance when the food supply 8 (be) close to the home.In the dance, she moves in small circles to tell the worker bees that food is very near. However, the dance does not give 9 (they) any directions. It is 10 (amaze) that the clever bees still know where they can find the food.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了蜜蜂之间是如何传递信息来觅食的。
1．that/which 考查定语从句。本句是定语从句，先行词是language，空处是引导词，在句中作主语，指物，故填that或which。
2．normally 考查副词。空处是副词，修饰后面的动词pass，故填normally。
3．to find 考查非谓语动词。本处是“疑问词where＋不定式”结构作about的宾语，表示“去哪里做……”，故填to find。
4．for 考查介词。look for是固定搭配，意为“寻找”。
5．gives 考查时态和主谓一致。and连接两个并列谓语，前后应保持一致，由returns可知，空处应填动词的一般现在时且用单数形式，故填gives。
6．a 考查冠词。dance作名词，意为“舞蹈”时是可数名词，在此泛指“一支舞”，前面应加不定冠词a。
7．types 考查名词复数。由基数词two可知，空处是名词复数形式，故填types。
8．is 考查时态和主谓一致。空处是when引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词，supply在表示“供应”时是抽象名词，作不可数名词用，故空处应填单数形式，全文用的是一般现在时，故填is。
9．them 考查代词。空处是代词作宾语，要用宾格形式，故填them。
10．amazing 考查形容词。空处是形容词作表语，表示某事物让人吃惊，在修饰物的时候要用-ing结尾的形容词，故填amazing。UNIT 5 课时检测(四) Discovering Useful Structures
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Although English is not as old as Chinese, it is spoken by many people around the world every day. English speakers are always creating new words, and we are often able to know where most words come from.
Sometimes, however, no one may really know where a word comes from.Did you ever think about why hamburgers are called hamburgers, especially when they are not made with ham About a hundred years ago, some men went to America from Europe.They came from a big city in Germany called Hamburg.They did not speak good English, but they ate good food.When some Americans saw them eating round pieces of beef, they asked the Germans what it was.The Germans did not understand the question and answered，“We come from Hamburg.” One of these Americans owned a restaurant, and he had an idea.He cooked some round pieces of beef like those which the men from Hamburg ate.Then he put each between two pieces of bread and started selling them.Such bread came to be called “hamburgers”．Today “hamburgers” are sold in many countries around the world.
Whether this story is true or not, it is certainly interesting.Knowing why any word has a certain meaning is interesting, too.This reason, for most English words, can be found in any large English dictionary.
1．According to the author, English is ________.
A．as old as Chinese
B．older than German
C．not so old as Chinese
D．very difficult to learn
2．We know from the story that ________.
A．few Americans like hamburgers
B．hamburgers were made by Germans
C．hamburgers are made with ham
D．hamburgers were first sold about a century ago
3．Which of the following can often be found in any large English dictionary based on paragraph 3
A．Where all the words come from.
B．Where those Germans came from.
C．The reason why a word has a certain meaning.
D．The reason why English is spoken around the world.
4．According to the story, the word “hamburger” comes from ________.
A．China because it has a long history
B．England because Germans don't speak good English
C．the round pieces of beef which those people from Hamburg were eating
D．the city of Hamburg in Germany
Ⅱ.完形填空
Lucas majors in classic linguistics. He is equal to recognizing a language in a __5___ way no matter how unfamiliar it is. Last year, he __6__ a shell with some totally strange __7__ carved on it at a stall (小摊).
Based on his demanding __8__， he knew it was from a small village. Besides, after __9__ many related reference books, he had his point of view: the symbols were __10__ as a variety of the writing system of Jiaguwen, a kind of writing system which dates back to 1500 BC.
Lucas had a __11__ attitude to the discovery and applied to his university for a further research by visiting the village. With permission given, he visited it. He found the mother tongue of the villagers was a special dialect, whose vocabulary __12__ from Mandarin (普通话) spoken by 1.4 billion people.
Despite many __13__， understanding the dialect and finding more shells helped him complete a report. The report was __14__， where he gave a full description: The characters __15__ by a small nation in the Shang Dynasty were passed down by means of bones and __16__. Afterwards, the nation went through ups and downs, __17__ for hundreds of years. But it __18__ disappeared due to some factors.
Lucas's report was a __19__ in the academic field, attracting more people to these special characters.
5.A.global B．narrow
C．native D．specific
6．A.appreciated B．begged
C．discovered D．buried
7．A.pants B．symbols
C．affairs D．gaps
8．A.investigation B．calligraphy
C．delivery D．summary
9．A.referring to B．applying for
C．sweeping away D．coming along
10．A.honored B．recommended
C．employed D．regarded
11．A.extra B．serious
C．calm D．suitable
12．A.suffered B．learned
C．differed D．survived
13．A.emergencies B．disasters
C．crashes D．challenges
14．A.supplied B．destroyed
C．tracked D．published
15．A.sheltered B．affected
C．created D．damaged
16．A.bricks B．shells
C．apartments D．pipes
17．A.struggling B．erupting
C．unifying D．tapping
18．A.fluently B．positively
C．finally D．extremely
19．A.gas B．hit
C．subway D．champion
Ⅲ.语法填空
Bees live in a well organized society. They have a highly developed language __1__ is different from those of other animals. They __2__ (normal) pass important messages to each other about where __3__ (find) food.
A searcher bee goes out looking __4__ new food supplies. She returns home and __5__(give) her information to the worker bees there. The major way that bees communicate is by touch.This is how bees can tell which kind of flower the searcher bee has found. She then does __6__ dance to give more information to the worker bees.
There are two __7__ (type) of dance that tell about food: the “waggle” dance and the “circle” dance. The searcher bee does the circle dance when the food supply __8__ (be) close to the home.In the dance, she moves in small circles to tell the worker bees that food is very near. However, the dance does not give __9__ (they) any directions. It is __10__ (amaze) that the clever bees still know where they can find the food.
UNIT 5 课时检测(四)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
语篇解读：每个英语单词的含义背后都有一个故事，本文介绍了“hamburger”这个单词的来历。
1．选C 细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句“Although English is not as old as Chinese, it is spoken by many people around the world every day.”可知，英语没有汉语那么古老。故选C。
2．选D 推理判断题。根据文章第二段第三句“About a hundred years ago, some men went to America from Europe.”及后文内容可知，汉堡包第一次被销售是在100年前。故选D。
3．选C 推理判断题。根据文章最后一句“This reason, for most English words, can be found in any large English dictionary.”可知，任何英语大词典里面的一个单词都会有某个含义，这是有原因的。故选C。
4．选C 细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，“hamburger”这个词来源于Hamburg的人吃的圆片的牛肉。故选C。
Ⅱ.完形填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍一名语言学学生卢卡斯发现一种特殊文字，通过调查和查阅相关书籍最终弄明白这种文字是甲骨文并发表了一篇报告，在学术界引起了轰动，吸引了更多的人关注这些特殊的文字。
5．选D 根据下文“no matter how unfamiliar it is”可知，不管一门语言多陌生，卢卡斯都能以他自己的方式来识别，所以应该是他特定的方式，故选D。
6．选C 根据下文“a shell with some totally strange”可知，是发现一个贝壳，故选C。
7．选B 根据下文“carved on it”可知，刻在贝壳上的应该是符号之类的，故选B。
8．选A 根据下文“he knew it was from a small village”可知，他通过调查得知那个贝壳上符号来自一个小村庄，故选A。
9．选A 根据下文“many related reference books”可知，是查阅了很多相关的参考书籍，故选A。
10．选D 根据上文可知，他通过调查和查阅相关书籍得出了自己的观点，这些符号被看作是甲骨文，故选D。
11．选B 根据下文“applied to his university for a further research by visiting the village”可知，卢卡斯对待这件事是严肃认真的，故选B。
12．选C 根据上文“He found the mother tongue of the villagers was a special dialect”可知，村民的母语是一种特殊的方言，所以是不同于普通话的，故选C。
13．选D 根据上文“Despite”和下文“understanding the dialect and finding more shells helped him complete a report”可知，前后是让步关系，所以应该是尽管面临许多挑战，故选D。
14．选D 根据下文“where he gave a full description”可知，是报告发表后，我们才看到他给出的完整描述，故选D。
15．选C 根据下文“by a small nation in the Shang Dynasty”可知，是说明这种文字是由谁创造的，故选C。
16．选B 根据前文可知这种文字是甲骨文以及“by means of bones”可知，是通过骨头和贝壳来传递的，故选B。
17．选A 根据上文“the nation went through ups and downs”可知，这个国家经历很多波折，所以应是奋斗了数百年，故选A。
18．选C 根据下文“due to some factors”和常识可知，甲骨文最终消失了，故选C。
19．选B 根据下文“attracting more people to these special characters”可知，卢卡斯的报告在学术界引起了轰动，故选B。
Ⅲ.语法填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了蜜蜂之间是如何传递信息来觅食的。
1．that/which 考查定语从句。本句是定语从句，先行词是language，空处是引导词，在句中作主语，指物，故填that或which。
2．normally 考查副词。空处是副词，修饰后面的动词pass，故填normally。
3．to find 考查非谓语动词。本处是“疑问词where＋不定式”结构作about的宾语，表示“去哪里做……”，故填to find。
4．for 考查介词。look for是固定搭配，意为“寻找”。
5．gives 考查时态和主谓一致。and连接两个并列谓语，前后应保持一致，由returns可知，空处应填动词的一般现在时且用单数形式，故填gives。
6．a 考查冠词。dance作名词，意为“舞蹈”时是可数名词，在此泛指“一支舞”，前面应加不定冠词a。
7．types 考查名词复数。由基数词two可知，空处是名词复数形式，故填types。
8．is 考查时态和主谓一致。空处是when引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词，supply在表示“供应”时是抽象名词，作不可数名词用，故空处应填单数形式，全文用的是一般现在时，故填is。
9．them 考查代词。空处是代词作宾语，要用宾格形式，故填them。
10．amazing 考查形容词。空处是形容词作表语，表示某事物让人吃惊，在修饰物的时候要用ing结尾的形容词，故填amazing。
