Section Ⅲ Learning About Language
语法项目——非限制性定语从句
Rowan Atkinson is an English comedian, who① is famous for the character Mr Bean.As early as primary school, Rowan had already shown a talent for acting, but a key event occurred one day in 1976, when②he was playing around and pulling a face in the mirror, which③ helped him find his comedy talent.Rowan ever studied at Oxford, where④ he obtained his master's degree in electrical engineering.This may explain why he loves fast cars, of which⑤ he has many.
[语法入门]
①who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Rowan Atkinson；
②when引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词1976；
③which引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面的整个句子；
④where引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 Oxford；
⑤“介词＋which”引导的非限制性定语从句，其中which指代先行词fast cars，介词of和从句中的宾语many搭配，构成many of fast cars。
一、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
[先感知]
①(教材典句)In the beginning, Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common, to study malaria patients.
②(2025·浙江1月高考)Tanya is also looking beyond special occasion dresses to less formal clothing, which she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a longer term rental period.
③(2023·全国乙卷)But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place which/that welcomes the fast paced development of modern life, with 21st century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
[会发现]
①句中where引导______________定语从句，先行词是Hainan。
②句中which引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是________________。
③句中which/that引导__________定语从句，先行词是a place。
[明规则]
限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
意义 起限定作用，指特定的人或物，从句不可省略，否则原句句意不完整 仅作补充或说明，若去掉从句，主句意思仍然完整
结构要求 紧跟先行词，从句与先行词之间不加逗号 用逗号与先行词或主句隔开
功能 修饰一个名词或代词 修饰名词/代词或整个主句
引导词 所有的关系代词及关系副词 that及why之外的关系代词或关系副词
[对点练] (完成句子)
①(2023·全国甲卷书面表达)There used to be a famous educator, __________________ Chinese society.
曾经有一位著名的教育家，他给中国社会留下了深远的影响。
②(2023·浙江1月高考写作)It was a valuable and enriching experience, _________________.这是一次宝贵而充实的经历，从中我们学到了很多植物方面的知识。
③(2023·浙江1月高考写作)Last weekend, I took part in an event held by the Students' Union, ________________________educating us more about daily biology.
上周末，我参加了学生会举办的一个活动，旨在教育我们更多关于日常生物学的知识。
④They enjoyed beautiful scenery in the mountain area, ____________________________.
他们在山区欣赏了美景，在那里他们还爬了山。
⑤We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, ______________________________.
我们将把去公园野餐的时间推迟到下周，那个时候天气可能会更好一些。
二、引导非限制性定语从句的关系词
[先感知]
①People sit uncomfortably on plastic chairs, looking through old magazines, all of which have been read hundreds of times previously.
②We have to be very sensitive and work closely with the doctors and nurses, who keep us updated on each patient.
③We will go fishing next Sunday, when/on which we won't be so busy.
④Yesterday, they went out to have a picnic in the park, where/in which they had a good time.
[会发现]
(1)①②句中的关系词在从句中作____________________________________________。
(2)③④句中的关系词在从句中作______，when 和where可以用________________替换。
[明规则]
关系词 先行词 在从句中作的成分
关系代词 who 人 主语/宾语
whom 人 宾语
which 物/整个主句 主语/宾语
whose (＝of whom或of which) 人/物 定语
as 人/物/整个主句 主语/宾语
关系副词 when 时间名词 时间状语
where 通常是地点名词 地点状语
[对点练]
(1)用适当的关系词填空
①(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, ______ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia，” add an international character to Stratford upon Avon, William Shakespeare's hometown.
②Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding，__________ the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing.
③My life as a tax paying employed person began in middle school, __________， for three whole days, I worked in a baking factory.
④(2024·全国甲卷)Yellowstone was the largest United States national park — 2.2 million acres — until Wrangell Saint Elias in southern Alaska, __________ became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
(2)完成句子
⑤Most of the students think highly of this exhibition, ________________________ for them to explore the beauty of Chinese art.
大多数学生对这次展览评价很高，它为他们探索中国艺术之美提供了一个平台。
⑥For example, we are taking advantage of various online courses for further study, __________________________ anywhere and at any time.
例如，我们利用各种在线课程进行进一步的学习，在线课程让我们随时随地学习知识。
⑦We will go swimming on Sunday, ______________________________________.
我们将在周日去游泳，那个时候天气可能会更暖和一些。
三、as与which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别
[先感知]
①As we all know, the earth moves around the sun.
②The singer, as was expected, achieved a great success.
③Catherine will attend a friend's wedding, which she is busy preparing for now.
[会发现]
(1)①②句中的定语从句由__________引导，位置比较灵活。
(2)③句中的定语从句由which引导，只能放在__________。
[明规则]
as which
指代 只能指代整个主句的内容 既可指代整个主句的内容，也可指代主句的一部分
位置 可位于主句之前、之中或之后 只能位于主句之后
意义 正如，正像 这一点，这件事
功能 连接上下文，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处等 引导的从句在意义上相当于一个并列句
[名师点津]
as引导非限制性定语从句时，其后常接expect, know, report, say, see等动词的主动或被动语态以及用于一些固定结构中。如：as was expected (不出所料), as is mentioned above (正如上面所提到的), as is often the case (这是常有的事)等。
①We must believe in ourselves, which is the most important in our life.我们必须要相信自己，这是我们生活中最重要的。
②As you know, teachers always put the needs of students above anything else.正如你所知道的，老师总是会把学生的需要放在首位。
[对点练] (选词填空：as/which)
①(2023·全国甲卷)Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, __________Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.”
②Really, the truck my dad drove often broke down on the way, __________ made my dad in trouble.
③There is no simple answer, __________ is often the case in science.
④__________ we all know, he is a gifted pianist.
Ⅰ.填入适当的关系词
1．Chinese athletes won 201 gold medals at the Asian Games in Hangzhou, __________ made us very excited.
2．The School English Arts Festival provided us with a platform, __________ we can showcase our talents.
3．He, __________ was born in Nanjing, is one of the most famous medical scientists in the 21st century.
4．Xi'an, ________ history is as long as 3,000 years, is one of the few cities with city walls.
5．The pictures often take him back to the years __________ he worked as a resident doctor.
6．The first one is the memorable Chinese knot, __________stands for friendship, love and good luck.
7．__________ Tan once said，Chinese music should carry “universal expression” of the human spirit so as to be recognised by the whole world.
8．Afterwards, it was my turn to give a small lecture, in __________ I extended my thanks to my mom and friends, bowing to them several times.
9．This is the reason __________ he does not identify happiness with money.
10．He was about five __________ they went there to see the world's largest baseball bat.
Ⅱ.语法与写作
1．__________________________________， “Don't fail to do good even if it's small.”
正如中国谚语所说：“勿以善小而不为。”
2．He is my favorite athlete, ________________________________， _____________.
他是我最喜欢的运动员，他不仅是一名优秀的学生，而且是一个有天赋的运动员。
3．Sewing is one of my favourite courses, __________________________________， such as sewing a button and knitting a scarf.
缝纫是我最喜欢的课程之一，我从中获得了一些基本的生活技能，比如缝纽扣和织围巾。
4．I will spare no effort to study at university until my graduation, ____________________ in a hospital in our city.
我将在大学不遗余力地学习，直到我毕业，之后我希望在我们市的医院当一名医生。
5．When it comes to English learning, it is efficiency that fuels our progress, ______________
___________________________________________________________________________.
说到英语学习，效率是我们进步的动力，它的重要性怎么强调都不为过。
Section Ⅲ
学案中理清
一、[会发现] ①非限制性 ②less formal clothing ③限制性
[对点练] ①who left a profound impact on
②from which we learnt a lot of knowledge of plants
③which was aimed at
④where they also did some climbing
⑤when the weather may be better
二、[会发现] (1)主语 (2)状语 介词＋关系代词
[对点练] ①who ②where ③when ④which
⑤which provides a platform
⑥which allow us to learn knowledge
⑦when/on which the weather may be warmer
三、[会发现] (1)as (2)主句之后
[对点练] ①as ②which ③as ④As
应用中融通
Ⅰ.1.which 2.where 3.who 4.whose 5.when/in which 6.which 7.As 8.which 9.why 10.when
Ⅱ.1.As the Chinese saying goes
2．who is not only a top A student; but also a talented athlete 3.where I gained some essential life skills
4．after which I hope to serve as a doctor
5．whose significance can never be overemphasized
5 / 5(共68张PPT)
Learning About Language
语法项目——非限制性定语从句
Section Ⅲ
语境中体悟
学案中理清
应用中融通
课时跟踪检测
Contents 目录
01
02
03
04
01
语境中体悟
Rowan Atkinson is an English comedian, who① is famous for the character Mr Bean.As early as primary school, Rowan had already shown a talent for acting, but a key event occurred one day in 1976, when②he was playing around and pulling a face in the mirror, which③ helped him find his comedy talent.Rowan ever studied at Oxford, where④ he obtained his master's degree in electrical engineering.This may explain why he loves fast cars, of which⑤ he has many.
[语法入门]
①who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Rowan Atkinson；
②when引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词1976；
③which引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面的整个句子；
④where引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 Oxford；
⑤“介词＋which”引导的非限制性定语从句，其中which指代先行词fast cars，介词of和从句中的宾语many搭配，构成many of fast cars。
02
学案中理清
一、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
[先感知]
①(教材典句)In the beginning, Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common, to study malaria patients.
②(2025·浙江1月高考)Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing, which she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a longer-term rental period.
③(2023·全国乙卷)But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place which/that welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
[会发现]
①句中where引导__________定语从句，先行词是Hainan。
②句中which引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是_______________
________。
③句中which/that引导________定语从句，先行词是a place。
非限制性
less formal
clothing
限制性
[明规则]
限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
意义 起限定作用，指特定的人或物，从句不可省略，否则原句句意不完整 仅作补充或说明，若去掉从句，主句意思仍然完整
结构要求 紧跟先行词，从句与先行词之间不加逗号 用逗号与先行词或主句隔开
功能 修饰一个名词或代词 修饰名词/代词或整个主句
引导词 所有的关系代词及关系副词 that及why之外的关系代词或关系副词
[对点练] (完成句子)
①(2023·全国甲卷书面表达)There used to be a famous educator, ___________________________ Chinese society.
曾经有一位著名的教育家，他给中国社会留下了深远的影响。
②(2023·浙江1月高考写作)It was a valuable and enriching experience,___________________________________________.这是一次宝贵而充实的经历，从中我们学到了很多植物方面的知识。
who left a profound impact on
from which we learnt a lot of knowledge of plants
③(2023·浙江1月高考写作)Last weekend, I took part in an event held by the Students' Union, ____________________ educating us more about daily biology.
上周末，我参加了学生会举办的一个活动，旨在教育我们更多关于日常生物学的知识。
④They enjoyed beautiful scenery in the mountain area, ________
_________________________.
他们在山区欣赏了美景，在那里他们还爬了山。
which was aimed at
where
they also did some climbing
⑤We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, ________
___________________.
我们将把去公园野餐的时间推迟到下周，那个时候天气可能会更好一些。
when the
weather may be better
二、引导非限制性定语从句的关系词
[先感知]
①People sit uncomfortably on plastic chairs, looking through old magazines, all of which have been read hundreds of times previously.
②We have to be very sensitive and work closely with the doctors and nurses, who keep us updated on each patient.
③We will go fishing next Sunday, when/on which we won't be so busy.
④Yesterday, they went out to have a picnic in the park, where/in which they had a good time.
[会发现]
(1)①②句中的关系词在从句中作______。
(2)③④句中的关系词在从句中作_______，when 和where可以用________________替换。
主语
状语
介词＋关系代词
[明规则]
关系词 先行词 在从句中作的成分
关系 代词 who 人 主语/宾语
whom 人 宾语
which 物/整个主句 主语/宾语
whose (＝of whom 或of which) 人/物 定语
as 人/物/整个主句 主语/宾语
关系副词 when 时间名词 时间状语
where 通常是地点名词 地点状语
[对点练]
(1)用适当的关系词填空
①(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, _______ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia，” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare's hometown.
②Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, ________ the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing.
who
where
③My life as a tax-paying employed person began in middle school,_______, for three whole days, I worked in a baking factory.
④(2024·全国甲卷)Yellowstone was the largest United States national park — 2.2 million acres — until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, ________ became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
when
which
(2)完成句子
⑤Most of the students think highly of this exhibition, ________________________for them to explore the beauty of Chinese art.
大多数学生对这次展览评价很高，它为他们探索中国艺术之美提供了一个平台。
which provides a platform
⑥For example, we are taking advantage of various online courses for further study, ________________________________anywhere and at any time.
例如，我们利用各种在线课程进行进一步的学习，在线课程让我们随时随地学习知识。
⑦We will go swimming on Sunday, __________________________
_______________.
我们将在周日去游泳，那个时候天气可能会更暖和一些。
which allow us to learn knowledge
when/on which the weather
may be warmer
三、as与which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别
[先感知]
①As we all know, the earth moves around the sun.
②The singer, as was expected, achieved a great success.
③Catherine will attend a friend's wedding, which she is busy preparing for now.
[会发现]
(1)①②句中的定语从句由____ 引导，位置比较灵活。
(2)③句中的定语从句由which引导，只能放在__________。
as
主句之后
[明规则]
as which
指代 只能指代整个主句的内容 既可指代整个主句的内容，也可指代主句的一部分
位置 可位于主句之前、之中或之后 只能位于主句之后
意义 正如，正像 这一点，这件事
功能 连接上下文，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处等 引导的从句在意义上相当于一个并列句
[名师点津]
as引导非限制性定语从句时，其后常接expect, know, report, say, see等动词的主动或被动语态以及用于一些固定结构中。如：as was expected (不出所料), as is mentioned above (正如上面所提到的), as is often the case (这是常有的事)等。
①We must believe in ourselves, which is the most important in our life.我们必须要相信自己，这是我们生活中最重要的。
②As you know, teachers always put the needs of students above anything else.正如你所知道的，老师总是会把学生的需要放在首位。
[对点练] (选词填空：as/which)
①(2023·全国甲卷)Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, _____ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.”
②Really, the truck my dad drove often broke down on the way, _______ made my dad in trouble.
③There is no simple answer, ____ is often the case in science.
④______we all know, he is a gifted pianist.
as
which
as
As
03
应用中融通
Ⅰ.填入适当的关系词
1．Chinese athletes won 201 gold medals at the Asian Games in Hangzhou, ______made us very excited.
2．The School English Arts Festival provided us with a platform, ________ we can showcase our talents.
3．He, ______ was born in Nanjing, is one of the most famous medical scientists in the 21st century.
which
where
who
4．Xi'an, _______ history is as long as 3,000 years, is one of the few cities with city walls.
5．The pictures often take him back to the years _______________he worked as a resident doctor.
6．The first one is the memorable Chinese knot, ________ stands for friendship, love and good luck.
7．______ Tan once said，Chinese music should carry “universal expression” of the human spirit so as to be recognised by the whole world.
whose
when/in which
which
As
8．Afterwards, it was my turn to give a small lecture, in _______I extended my thanks to my mom and friends, bowing to them several times.
9．This is the reason ______ he does not identify happiness with money.
10．He was about five _______ they went there to see the world's largest baseball bat.
which
why
when
Ⅱ.语法与写作
1．_________________________, “Don't fail to do good even if it's small.”
正如中国谚语所说：“勿以善小而不为。”
2．He is my favorite athlete, ____________________________,
______________________.
他是我最喜欢的运动员，他不仅是一名优秀的学生，而且是一个有天赋的运动员。
As the Chinese saying goes
who is not only a top A student
but also a talented athlete
3．Sewing is one of my favourite courses, ____________________
_________________, such as sewing a button and knitting a scarf.
缝纫是我最喜欢的课程之一，我从中获得了一些基本的生活技能，比如缝纽扣和织围巾。
4．I will spare no effort to study at university until my graduation, ___________________________________in a hospital in our city.
我将在大学不遗余力地学习，直到我毕业，之后我希望在我们市的医院当一名医生。
where I gained some
essential life skills
after which I hope to serve as a doctor
5．When it comes to English learning, it is efficiency that fuels our progress,____________________________________________.
说到英语学习，效率是我们进步的动力，它的重要性怎么强调都不为过。
whose significance can never be overemphasized
04
课时跟踪检测
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Failure isn't the end, unless you let it be.Don't believe me Here are four people who lived through failure before going on to become names known around the world.
Walt Disney
Disney began his career by being fired by a newspaper for not being creative enough.Later, his Mickey Mouse cartoons were rejected because they were considered to be “too scary for women”．Also, The Three Little Pigs was turned down because it only had four characters.Thankfully, we have the Disney Company today because Disney chose not to listen to any of his critics and press forward towards his dreams.
Stephen King
King is a best-selling writer whose work has been made into several motion pictures.However, his first work was rejected 30 times, which led to King throwing it in the trash.Thankfully, his wife persuaded him to keep working at it, and — from that poor start — Carrie was born.
Milton Hershey
The man who blessed us with the sweet milk chocolate treat we all love wasn't a hit the first time around.He once worked for a local candy factory.But when he went out on his own, he failed miserably.Then he returned to the family farm and perfected the art of making delicious milk chocolate candy, which we enjoy today.
Theodor Geisel
This author struggled to write a novel that publishing companies would call “pure rubbish” several times — 27 to be exact.The man just wouldn't quit, though.One fateful night, he ran into an old friend who was a children's literature editor.The friend agreed to publish Geisel's work.Better known today as Dr.Seuss, Geisel was never again called a failure after his first book became a hit.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四位名人的经历，这四个人在获得成功之前都遭遇了失败。
1．Why is the Disney Company known to us nowadays
A．Disney was rejected many times.
B．Disney improved his works later.
C．Disney got fired and began his career.
D．Disney ignored critics and fought for his dreams.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据Walt Disney部分中“Thankfully, we have the Disney Company ...towards his dreams.”可知，今天我们都知道迪士尼公司是因为Disney没有听取任何批评家的意见，坚持为梦想而奋斗。
2．What is Milton Hershey famous for today
A．His big family farm.
B．His successful art career.
C．His delicious milk chocolate candy.
D．His experience in making milk chocolate.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据Milton Hershey部分中“The man who blessed us with ...which we enjoy today.”可知，Milton Hershey出名的原因是他所制作的美味的牛奶巧克力糖。
3．What do the people mentioned in the text have in common
A．They have a gift for making money.
B．They suffered several defeats on the path to success.
C．They are creative and highly educated.
D．They were successful at the very start.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中“Here are four people who lived through failure before going on to become names known around the world.”可知，文章主要介绍了四位名人的经历，这四个人在获得成功之前都遭遇了失败。
Ⅱ.完形填空
Sarkar is a nanotechnologist (纳米技术专家) and assistant professor at MIT.She is conducting her research on brain diseases that _____ the minds of millions of people worldwide.
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Born in Kolkata, India, Sarkar credits both of her parents as early_____.Her courage as a researcher comes from her ______， who as a young woman went against social norms (规范) in her village by _____to fund her own education.Meanwhile, Sarkar's father inspired her interest in ______.Sarkar recalls her father finding time for his ______， fashioning devices to make home life more _______， including an electricity-free washing machine.“That got me very _______ in science and technology，” Sarkar says.
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After ______ a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology Dhanbad, Sarkar ______ California to study nanoelectronics.There, she tested new ways to ______ nanodevices that could reduce the amount of ______ consumed by computers and other everyday electronics. ________，she made a breakthrough by developing a standout nanodevice.
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Along the way, Sarkar became fascinated with the _______， which she calls “the lowest energy computer”．She hopes to put nanodevices between human neurons (神经细胞) to improve the computing speed of the processor in our brains, “Our brains are ________， but we could be better than what we are，” she says.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍的是纳米技术专家萨卡尔的成长经历以及所取得的成就。
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4．A.enrich B．read
C．affect D．poison
√
解析：根据“She is conducting her research on brain diseases”及“the minds of millions of people worldwide”可知，这种疾病正在影响数百万人的大脑。
5．A.birds B．researchers
C．failures D．inspirations
√
解析：根据“Sarkar credits both of her parents as early”及下文“Meanwhile, Sarkar's father inspired her interest”可知，萨卡尔认为父母是她早期的灵感来源，给了她启发。
6．A.aunt B．mother
C．sister D．grandmother
√
解析：根据“who as a young woman went against social norms(规范) in her village by _______ to fund her own education”可知，这一句描述萨卡尔的母亲在年轻时做的事情。
7．A.working B．pretending
C．refusing D．waiting
√
解析：根据“to fund her own education”可知，萨卡尔的母亲在年轻时没有遵循社会规范，而是努力赚钱以供自己接受教育。
8．A.politics B．history
C．engineering D．sport
√
解析：根据下文“including an electricity-free washing machine”及“After _________ a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology Dhanbad”可知，父亲使萨卡尔喜欢上了工程学。
9．A.job B．holiday
C．discomfort D．passion
√
解析：根据“fashioning devices to make home life more _________， including an electricity-free washing machine”可知，父亲会腾出时间来研究自己的爱好。
10．A.complex B．convenient
C．peaceful D．meaningful
√
解析：根据“fashioning devices to make home life more”可知，父亲制作设备是为了让家庭生活更方便。
11．A.interested B．honest
C．lucky D．disappointed
√
解析：根据上文“Sarkar's father inspired her interest in________”可知，父亲激发了萨卡尔对科技的兴趣。
12．A.starting B．earning
C．needing D．introducing
√
解析：根据“Sarkar ________ California to study nanoelectronics”可知，萨卡尔在印度获得了学位后，继续去美国学习纳米电子学。
13．A.adapted to B．related to
C．headed to D．belonged to
√
解析：根据“After ________a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology Dhanbad”及“California to study nanoelectronics”可知，此处表示前往美国学习深造。
14．A.create B．fix
C．operate D．sell
√
解析：根据“she tested new ways”可知，萨卡尔测试了制造纳米器件的新方法。
15．A.water B．money
C．power D．time
√
解析：根据“consumed by computers and other everyday electronics”可知，计算机和其他日常电子产品需要电力来驱动。
16．A.Unfortunately B．Immediately
C．Obviously D．Eventually
√
解析：根据“she made a breakthrough by developing a standout nanodevice”可知，最终，她取得了突破。
17．A.computer B．brain
C．exercise D．fashion
√
解析：根据“which she calls ‘the lowest energy computer’．She hopes to put nanodevices between human neurons (神经细胞) to improve the computing speed of the processor in our brains”可知，此处“最低能量的计算机”指的是人脑。
18．A.empty B．busy
C．relaxed D．remarkable
√
解析：根据“but we could be better than what we are”并结合常识可知，人脑的潜力无限大，所以是非凡的。
Ⅲ.语法填空(15分)
Shen Kuo was an excellent scientist of the Northern Song Dynasty.He was an all-round scholar of astronomy, literature, physics, chemistry, calendars, geology, meteorology 19._______medical science.He was also an outstanding engineer and excellent military strategist.He even made a great contribution 20. _______ art and literature.So Shen Kuo was well known for being 21. _______ (knowledge) in ancient China.
Meng Xi Bi Tan, Shen Kuo's famous scientific work, 22. _______ (complete) between 1086 and 1093.In the book, he wrote a lot about the animals and plants he had seen when 23. _______ (travel) through the country, such as giant clams in the South China Sea, crocodiles in Chaozhou, Chinese wolfberries in the northwest of China and jerboas in the desert of northern China.The book also introduced 24. _______ (method) of killing insect pests.
Shen Kuo pointed out in Meng Xi Bi Tan that human beings had pharynxes (咽) and larynxes (喉), with pharynxes for food and larynxes for ventilation (换气)．He also 25. _______ (have) great knowledge about fossils (化石)．When visiting the Taihang Mountain, 26. _______ is located in Shanxi Province, he discovered fossilized seashells and noted the presence of stones like those often 27. _______ (find) on the seashore, leading him to conclude that Shanxi had been located by the sea in the distant past.
Meng Xi Bi Tan was 28. _______ (wide) regarded as an important scientific work in ancient China.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了北宋杰出的科学家沈括以及他的著作《梦溪笔谈》。
19．and 考查连词。句意：他是一位通晓天文学、文学、物理学、化学、历法、地质学、气象学和医学的全才。根据句意可知，此处前后是并列关系，应用连词and。
20．to 考查介词。短语make a contribution to sth.意为“为某事做出贡献”。
21．knowledgeable 考查形容词。作表语，表示“博学的”，应用形容词knowledgeable。
22．was completed 考查时态和语态。分析句子可知，空处与主语是动宾关系，所以此处要用被动语态；根据后文between 1086 and 1093可知，应用一般过去时。故填was completed。
23．traveling/travelling 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，travel和其逻辑主语he为主动关系，故用现在分词。故填traveling/travelling。
24．methods 考查名词复数。method意为“方法”时，是可数名词，空格前没有限定词，所以此处要用该名词的复数形式。故填methods。
25．had 考查时态。根据上下文语境可知，本句描述的是过去的事，所以此处要用该动词的过去时。故填had。
26．which 考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the Taihang Mountain，指物，且在从句中作主语，故填which。
27．found 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，find和逻辑主语those构成被动关系，所以此处要用过去分词作后置定语。故填found。
28．widely 考查副词。此处修饰动词regard，所以要用副词widely。UNIT 1 课时检测(三) Learning About Language
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Failure isn't the end, unless you let it be.Don't believe me Here are four people who lived through failure before going on to become names known around the world.
Walt Disney
Disney began his career by being fired by a newspaper for not being creative enough.Later, his Mickey Mouse cartoons were rejected because they were considered to be “too scary for women”．Also, The Three Little Pigs was turned down because it only had four characters.Thankfully, we have the Disney Company today because Disney chose not to listen to any of his critics and press forward towards his dreams.
Stephen King
King is a best selling writer whose work has been made into several motion pictures.However, his first work was rejected 30 times, which led to King throwing it in the trash.Thankfully, his wife persuaded him to keep working at it, and — from that poor start — Carrie was born.
Milton Hershey
The man who blessed us with the sweet milk chocolate treat we all love wasn't a hit the first time around.He once worked for a local candy factory.But when he went out on his own, he failed miserably.Then he returned to the family farm and perfected the art of making delicious milk chocolate candy, which we enjoy today.
Theodor Geisel
This author struggled to write a novel that publishing companies would call “pure rubbish” several times — 27 to be exact.The man just wouldn't quit, though.One fateful night, he ran into an old friend who was a children's literature editor.The friend agreed to publish Geisel's work.Better known today as Dr.Seuss, Geisel was never again called a failure after his first book became a hit.
1．Why is the Disney Company known to us nowadays
A．Disney was rejected many times.
B．Disney improved his works later.
C．Disney got fired and began his career.
D．Disney ignored critics and fought for his dreams.
2．What is Milton Hershey famous for today
A．His big family farm.
B．His successful art career.
C．His delicious milk chocolate candy.
D．His experience in making milk chocolate.
3．What do the people mentioned in the text have in common
A．They have a gift for making money.
B．They suffered several defeats on the path to success.
C．They are creative and highly educated.
D．They were successful at the very start.
Ⅱ.完形填空
Sarkar is a nanotechnologist (纳米技术专家) and assistant professor at MIT.She is conducting her research on brain diseases that __4__ the minds of millions of people worldwide.
Born in Kolkata, India, Sarkar credits both of her parents as early __5__.Her courage as a researcher comes from her __6__， who as a young woman went against social norms (规范) in her village by __7__to fund her own education.Meanwhile, Sarkar's father inspired her interest in __8__.Sarkar recalls her father finding time for his __9__， fashioning devices to make home life more __10__， including an electricity free washing machine.“That got me very __11__in science and technology，” Sarkar says.
After __12__a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology Dhanbad, Sarkar __13__California to study nanoelectronics.There, she tested new ways to __14__nanodevices that could reduce the amount of __15__consumed by computers and other everyday electronics.__16__， she made a breakthrough by developing a standout nanodevice.
Along the way, Sarkar became fascinated with the __17__， which she calls “the lowest energy computer”．She hopes to put nanodevices between human neurons (神经细胞) to improve the computing speed of the processor in our brains, “Our brains are __18__， but we could be better than what we are，” she says.,
4．A.enrich B．read
C．affect D．poison
5．A.birds B．researchers
C．failures D．inspirations
6．A.aunt B．mother
C．sister D．grandmother
7．A.working B．pretending
C．refusing D．waiting
8．A.politics B．history
C．engineering D．sport
9．A.job B．holiday
C．discomfort D．passion
10．A.complex B．convenient
C．peaceful D．meaningful
11．A.interested B．honest
C．lucky D．disappointed
12．A.starting B．earning
C．needing D．introducing
13．A.adapted to B．related to
C．headed to D．belonged to
14．A.create B．fix
C．operate D．sell
15．A.water B．money
C．power D．time
16．A.Unfortunately B．Immediately
C．Obviously D．Eventually
17．A.computer B．brain
C．exercise D．fashion
18．A.empty B．busy
C．relaxed D．remarkable
Ⅲ.语法填空(15分)
Shen Kuo was an excellent scientist of the Northern Song Dynasty.He was an all round scholar of astronomy, literature, physics, chemistry, calendars, geology, meteorology 19.____________ medical science.He was also an outstanding engineer and excellent military strategist.He even made a great contribution 20.____________ art and literature.So Shen Kuo was well known for being 21.______________________ (knowledge) in ancient China.
Meng Xi Bi Tan, Shen Kuo's famous scientific work, 22.____________________ (complete) between 1086 and 1093.In the book, he wrote a lot about the animals and plants he had seen when 23.____________ (travel) through the country, such as giant clams in the South China Sea, crocodiles in Chaozhou, Chinese wolfberries in the northwest of China and jerboas in the desert of northern China.The book also introduced 24.____________ (method) of killing insect pests.
Shen Kuo pointed out in Meng Xi Bi Tan that human beings had pharynxes (咽) and larynxes (喉), with pharynxes for food and larynxes for ventilation (换气)．He also 25.____________ (have) great knowledge about fossils (化石)．When visiting the Taihang Mountain, 26.____________ is located in Shanxi Province, he discovered fossilized seashells and noted the presence of stones like those often 27.__________ (find) on the seashore, leading him to conclude that Shanxi had been located by the sea in the distant past.
Meng Xi Bi Tan was 28.__________ (wide) regarded as an important scientific work in ancient China.
UNIT 1 课时检测(三)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四位名人的经历，这四个人在获得成功之前都遭遇了失败。
1．选D 细节理解题。根据Walt Disney部分中“Thankfully, we have the Disney Company ... towards his dreams.”可知，今天我们都知道迪士尼公司是因为Disney没有听取任何批评家的意见，坚持为梦想而奋斗。
2．选C 细节理解题。根据Milton Hershey部分中“The man who blessed us with ...which we enjoy today.”可知，Milton Hershey出名的原因是他所制作的美味的牛奶巧克力糖。
3．选B 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Here are four people who lived through failure before going on to become names known around the world.”可知，文章主要介绍了四位名人的经历，这四个人在获得成功之前都遭遇了失败。
Ⅱ.完形填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍的是纳米技术专家萨卡尔的成长经历以及所取得的成就。
4．选C 根据“She is conducting her research on brain diseases”及“the minds of millions of people worldwide”可知，这种疾病正在影响数百万人的大脑。
5．选D 根据“Sarkar credits both of her parents as early”及下文“Meanwhile, Sarkar's father inspired her interest”可知，萨卡尔认为父母是她早期的灵感来源，给了她启发。
6．选B 根据“who as a young woman went against social norms(规范) in her village by ________ to fund her own education”可知，这一句描述萨卡尔的母亲在年轻时做的事情。
7．选A 根据“to fund her own education”可知，萨卡尔的母亲在年轻时没有遵循社会规范，而是努力赚钱以供自己接受教育。
8．选C 根据下文“including an electricity free washing machine”及“After________a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology Dhanbad”可知，父亲使萨卡尔喜欢上了工程学。
9．选D 根据“fashioning devices to make home life more________， including an electricity free washing machine”可知，父亲会腾出时间来研究自己的爱好。
10．选B 根据“fashioning devices to make home life more”可知，父亲制作设备是为了让家庭生活更方便。
11．选A 根据上文“Sarkar's father inspired her interest in ________”可知，父亲激发了萨卡尔对科技的兴趣。
12．选B 根据“Sarkar __________ California to study nanoelectronics”可知，萨卡尔在印度获得了学位后，继续去美国学习纳米电子学。
13．选C 根据“After ________ a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology Dhanbad”及“California to study nanoelectronics”可知，此处表示前往美国学习深造。
14．选A 根据“she tested new ways”可知，萨卡尔测试了制造纳米器件的新方法。
15．选C 根据“consumed by computers and other everyday electronics”可知，计算机和其他日常电子产品需要电力来驱动。
16．选D 根据“she made a breakthrough by developing a standout nanodevice”可知，最终，她取得了突破。
17．选B 根据“which she calls ‘the lowest energy computer’．She hopes to put nanodevices between human neurons (神经细胞) to improve the computing speed of the processor in our brains”可知，此处“最低能量的计算机”指的是人脑。
18．选D 根据“but we could be better than what we are”并结合常识可知，人脑的潜力无限大，所以是非凡的。
Ⅲ.语法填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了北宋杰出的科学家沈括以及他的著作《梦溪笔谈》。
19．and 考查连词。句意：他是一位通晓天文学、文学、物理学、化学、历法、地质学、气象学和医学的全才。根据句意可知，此处前后是并列关系，应用连词and。
20．to 考查介词。短语make a contribution to sth.意为“为某事做出贡献”。
21．knowledgeable 考查形容词。作表语，表示“博学的”，应用形容词knowledgeable。
22．was completed 考查时态和语态。分析句子可知，空处与主语是动宾关系，所以此处要用被动语态；根据后文between 1086 and 1093可知，应用一般过去时。故填was completed。
23．traveling/travelling 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，travel和其逻辑主语he为主动关系，故用现在分词。故填traveling/travelling。
24．methods 考查名词复数。method意为“方法”时，是可数名词，空格前没有限定词，所以此处要用该名词的复数形式。故填methods。
25．had 考查时态。根据上下文语境可知，本句描述的是过去的事，所以此处要用该动词的过去时。故填had。
26．which 考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the Taihang Mountain，指物，且在从句中作主语，故填which。
27．found 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，find和逻辑主语those构成被动关系，所以此处要用过去分词作后置定语。故填found。
28．widely 考查副词。此处修饰动词regard，所以要用副词widely。
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