Section Ⅱ “Reading and Thinking”的新知学习环节
一、阅读单词——知其义
1．tackle this crisis __________这一危机
2．boost crop yields ______农作物______
3．a hybrid of self pollinating plants 一种自花授粉植物的__________
4．through intense effort 通过__________努力
5．generate electricity ______________电能
6．under strain 处于__________状态
7．technology celebrities 科技____________
8．envision the future ____________未来
9．as big as a broom 像__________一样大
10．have good night vision 夜间__________好
二、重点单词——写其形
1．a __________ of food 食物短缺
2．a financial __________ 一次金融危机
3.
4．__________ a high yield 获得高产量
5．_______ technical difficulties 攻克技术难题
6．________ the grain ________ 增加粮食产量
7.
8．________ rice consumption 国内稻米消费
9．live a life of __________ 过悠闲的生活
10．a man of the __________ 土地之子
三、活用单词——悉其变
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
四、拓展构词——明其规(依据规律串记单词)
1．reality：“adj.＋ ity”→n.
①personality 性格；个性 ②nationality 国籍
③familiarity 熟悉 ④activity 活动
2．salty：“n.＋ y”→adj.
①dusty 布满灰尘的 ②tasty 美味的
③juicy 多汁的 ④smelly 难闻的
五、高级词块——通其用
1．______________ 把……用于；献身；致力；专心
2．______________ 由……组成(构成)；包括；包含
3．______________ 在内心深处；本质上；实际上
4．______________ 实现某人的梦想
5．______________ 关心；喜欢；照顾；照料
6．______________ 一个……的问题
7．______________ 凭空想出(不同寻常的计划、主意)
8． 在国内外
9．______________ 开发；开拓；开辟
10．____________ 在内心深处
1．Indeed, his slim but strong body was just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, to whom he had devoted his life.
确实，他瘦削但结实的身躯，与其为之奉献毕生的千千万万的中国农民无异。
★devote vt.把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于
|用|法|感|知|
All in all, it is high time that we devoted ourselves to protecting the ocean.
总而言之，到了我们致力于保护海洋的时候了。
(“人物描写”写作佳句)Responsible and devoted to community work, he is praised by the people around.他负责任，献身于社区工作，受到了周围人们的称赞。
[归纳点拨]
(1)devote ...to 把……用于；献身；致力；专心
devote oneself to 献身于……；致力于……
(2)devoted adj. 忠诚的；深爱的
be devoted to (doing) sth. 专心于(做)某事；奉献于(做)某事
(3)devotion n. 关爱；关照；奉献；忠诚
|应|用|融|会|
(1)单句语法填空
①I still remember what you have devoted to __________ (improve) my oral English and writing skills.
②Society even praises “burning the candle at both ends” as a sign of our __________ (devote) to work and family.
(2)句式升级
③The young lady devotes herself to teaching the deaf children, so she has little time to care for her own daughter.
→__________________________________ the deaf children, the young lady has little time to care for her own daughter.(现在分词短语作状语)
→______________________________ the deaf children, the young lady has little time to care for her own daughter.(过去分词短语作状语)
[联想发散]
以下短语中to是介词，后接动词时应用动名词形式：
①look forward to doing sth. 盼望做某事
②object to doing sth. 反对做某事
③get down to doing sth. 开始做某事
④pay attention to doing sth. 注意做某事
⑤be/get used/accustomed to doing sth. 习惯于做某事
2．Yuan was convinced that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice.
袁隆平确信答案可以在杂交水稻的培育中找到。
★convince vt.使相信；使确信；说服
|用|法|感|知|
We have been trying to convince him to tackle the problem in this way in the past few days.
在过去的几天里，我们一直试图说服他以这种方式解决这个问题。
(“动作描写”写作佳句)Yelling at the top of his lung, Joe tried to comfort me and convince me that it was the best way to escape the danger.乔声嘶力竭地叫喊着，试图安慰我，让我相信这是逃离危险的最好办法。
(主旨升华句)I'm firmly convinced of the significance of honesty, which will contribute to building a warm and harmonious society.
我坚信诚实的重要性，它将有助于建立一个温暖、和谐的社会。
[归纳点拨]
(1)convince sb.to do sth. 说服某人做某事
convince sb.of sth. 使某人相信某事
convince sb.that ... 使某人相信……
(2)convinced adj. 确信；深信的
be convinced that ... 确信……
(3)convincing adj. 令人信服的；有说服力的
|应|用|融|会|
(1)单句语法填空
①They tried to convince him ______________ (support) them.
②We are __________ (convince) that the competition will be a great success.
(2)句式升级
③I'm convinced that your advice will contribute to our good performance, so I sincerely hope you can help us.
→____________________________________________________________， I sincerely hope you can help us.(过去分词短语作状语)
3. The common assumption then was that it could not be done.
当时普遍认为这是不可能实现的。
★assumption n．假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权力的)获得
|用|法|感|知|
(“申请”类写作佳句)On the assumption that I am chosen to be chairman of the Student Council, I will organize more colorful after class activities.
假如我被选为学生会主席，我将组织更多丰富多彩的课外活动。
It's assumed that mental health is closely related to physical health.
人们认为精神健康与身体健康密切相关。
Assuming that time permits, a Peking Opera performance will be given.
假如时间允许，将会上演一场京剧表演。
[归纳点拨]
(1)on the assumption that ... 假定……
(2)assume vt. 假定；认为；承担(责任)；
就(职)；呈现；显露
assume sb./sth. (to be)＋adj./n. 假定/认为某人/某事(为)……
It is assumed that ... 人们认为……
(3)assuming (that) ... 假设……
(4)assumed adj. 假设的；假定的
|应|用|融|会|
(1)单句语法填空
①__________ (assume) that the plan is practical, how will you achieve it
②It was impossible to make __________ (assume) about people's reactions.
③He lived and worked there under an ______ (assume) name.
(2)一句多译
他们认为这个目击者能够很清楚地看到那起事故。
④They ________________________________ able to see the accident clearly.
⑤They ________________ the witness was able to see the accident clearly.
4．Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan's hybrid strains, and his strains have allowed China's farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year.
据估算，现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物，这些品种(形成的作物)让中国农民每年能够生产出大约两亿吨稻米。
★comprise vt.包括；包含；由……组成
|用|法|感|知|
Each course comprises 10－12 informal weekly meetings.
每门课程都包括10至12次每周一次的非正式见面会。
(“健康饮食”类写作佳句)A healthy diet is comprised of various nutrients, which are essential for our body's proper functioning.
健康的饮食由多种营养成分构成，它们对我们身体的正常运转至关重要。
[归纳点拨]
be comprised of＝consist of＝be made up of包括；包含；由……组成(构成)
注意：consist of没有被动语态。
|应|用|融|会|(一句多译)
这座有两间卧室、一间厨房和一间起居室的房子已经出售。
①The house ______________ two bedrooms, a kitchen，and a living room has been sold.(comprise)
②The house ______________ two bedrooms, a kitchen，and a living room has been sold.(consist)
③The house ______________ two bedrooms, a kitchen, and a living room has been sold.(make)
1．However, what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.
然而，他最关心的是农民经常粮食歉收，有时甚至出现严重的食物短缺。
感知将学语法——主语从句
句中what concerned him most为what引导的主语从句，what在从句中作主语。常见的引导主语从句的形式还有：
①That Yuan Longping had realized his dream of “seawater rice” surprised the whole world.(that引导的主语从句)
袁隆平实现了他的“海水稻”梦想，这让全世界都为之震惊。
②It surprised the whole world that Yuan Longping had realized his dream of developing “seawater rice”．(it是形式主语，that引导的从句作真正主语)
袁隆平实现了他研制“海水稻”的梦想，这让全世界都为之震惊。
2．Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan's hybrid strains, and his strains have allowed China's farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year.据估算，现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物，这些品种(形成的作物)让中国农民每年能够生产出大约两亿吨稻米。
(1)“It is＋过去分词＋that ...”结构常见的有：
It is said that ... 据说……
It is reported that ... 据报道……
It is known to all that ... 众所周知……
It is hoped that ... 人们希望……
It is thought that ... 人们认为……
It is suggested that ... 人们建议……
(2)上述句式除“It is hoped that ...”和“It is suggested that ...”外，可以转化为“sb./sth.is＋过去分词＋to do/to have done ...”句型。
若不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前，就用不定式的完成时；若不定式所表示的动作与谓语动词的动作(几乎)同时发生，或在它之后发生，则用不定式的一般时。
“两层级”学通用活句式
(1)通过“句式变换”弄明句式结构
①Hopefully, you could make it to this wonderful event.
→__________________________________________________________________________(用It be＋过去分词＋that ...句式改写)
②It is said that Tom went abroad last week.
→Tom ________________________ abroad last week.
(2)通过“句式仿写”做到熟练运用
③众所周知，中西方国家文化差异很大。
________________________ there is a huge cultural difference between China and the western countries.
④据报道越来越多的人选择自助游，这给予他们更多探索世界的自由。
________________________ more and more people are choosing to travel independently, which offers them more freedom to explore the world.
3．Given that Yuan's hybrids made him quite wealthy, one might think he would have retired to a life of leisure.
鉴于袁隆平开发杂交水稻而变得相当富有，有人会认为他会退休享受悠闲的生活。
“given that”在句中作连词，意思是“考虑到”。given可用作介词，表示“考虑到；鉴于”等意思。用法类似的还有：
seeing (that) ... 鉴于；考虑到
provided/providing (that) ... 如果；假设；在……条件下
suppose/supposing (that) ... 假定；假设；设想
“两层级”学通用活句式
(1)通过“句法训练”弄明句式结构(单句语法填空)
①__________________ (give) his age (＝Considering how old he is), he is remarkably active.
②__________ (see) that it is eight o'clock, we'll wait no longer.
(2)通过“句式仿写”做到熟练运用
③考虑到没人帮我们吓走北极熊，我们只得自救。
______________________________________________________________ away the polar bear, we had no alternative but to save ourselves.
④万一你在即将来临的比赛中失败，你该怎么办？
______________________________________________________________________， what should you do
课文缩写
语法填空
Yuan Longping, ①__________ (know) as the “father of hybrid rice”， was one of China's most famous scientists.Yuan Longping was born in 1930 in Beijing.And he chose to study agriculture and received ②__________ education at Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing.After ③__________ (graduate) in 1953, he worked as a researcher.Since then he had devoted his life to ④__________ (find) ways to grow more rice.The farmers are now expanding their output ⑤__________ (great) by growing his hybrid rice.Deep down, Yuan was still very much a farmer ⑥__________ heart.He made large ⑦__________ (donate) to support agricultural research.⑧__________ impressed people most about Yuan Longping was his ongoing ability ⑨__________ (fulfil) his dreams.His later vision for “seawater rice” also ⑩__________ (become) a reality.
Section Ⅱ
课前词汇默写
一、1.应对 2.提高 产量 3.杂交品种 4.不懈的 5.产生 6.压力 7.名人 8.展望 9.扫帚 10.视力
二、1.shortage 2.crisis 3.①characteristic ②characteristic 4.attain 5.overcome 6.expand; output
7．①estimate ②estimate 8.domestic 9.leisure 10.soil
三、1.①devote ②devoted ③devotion
2．①convince ②convincing ③convinced
3．①conventional ②conventions 4.①assumption ②assume
5．①consumption ②consume 6.①reality ②real ③realise
7．①salty ②salt
五、1.devote ...to 2.be comprised of 3.deep down
4．fulfil one's dreams 5.care for 6.a matter of 7.dream up 8.at home and abroad 9.open up 10.at heart
核心词汇突破
1．①improving ②devotion
③Devoting herself to teaching; Devoted to teaching
2．①to support ②convinced
③Convinced that your advice will contribute to our good performance
3．①Assuming ②assumptions ③assumed
④assumed the witness to be ⑤assumed that
4．①comprised of ②consisting of ③made up of
重点句式解构
2．①It is hoped that you could make it to this wonderful event. ②is said to have gone ③It is known to all that
④It is reported that
3．①Given ②Seeing ③Given that no one helped us frighten ④Providing/Provided/Supposing/Suppose (that) you were
failing in the coming match
随堂融通训练
①known ②an ③graduating ④finding ⑤greatly ⑥at
⑦donations ⑧What ⑨to fulfil ⑩became
8 / 8(共95张PPT)
“Reading and Thinking”
的新知学习环节
Section Ⅱ
课前词汇默写
核心词汇突破
重点句式解构
课时跟踪检测
Contents 目录
01
02
03
04
随堂融通训练
05
01
课前词汇默写
一、阅读单词——知其义
1．tackle this crisis _____这一危机
2．boost crop yields _____农作物_____
3．a hybrid of self-pollinating plants
一种自花授粉植物的_________
4．through intense effort 通过______努力
5．generate electricity _____电能
应对
提高
产量
杂交品种
不懈的
产生
6．under strain 处于_____状态
7．technology celebrities 科技_____
8．envision the future _____未来
9．as big as a broom 像_____一样大
10．have good night vision 夜间_____好
压力
名人
展望
扫帚
视力
二、重点单词——写其形
1．a ________ of food 食物短缺
2．a financial _____ 一次金融危机
4． _____ a high yield 获得高产量
5． ________ technical difficulties 攻克技术难题
shortage
crisis
attain
overcome
characteristic
characteristic
6． ______ the grain ______ 增加粮食产量
8． ________ rice consumption 国内稻米消费
9．live a life of ______ 过悠闲的生活
10．a man of the ___ 土地之子
expand
output
domestic
leisure
soil
estimate
estimate
三、活用单词——悉其变
convinced
devote
devoted
devotion
convince
convincing
consume
conventional
conventions
assumption
assume
consumption
reality
real
realise
salty
salt
四、拓展构词——明其规(依据规律串记单词)
1．reality：“adj.＋-ity”→n.
①personality 性格；个性 ②nationality 国籍
③familiarity 熟悉 ④activity 活动
2．salty：“n.＋-y”→adj.
①dusty 布满灰尘的 ②tasty 美味的
③juicy 多汁的 ④smelly 难闻的
五、高级词块——通其用
1．__________ 把……用于；献身；致力；专心
2． ______________ 由……组成(构成)；包括；包含
3． __________ 在内心深处；本质上；实际上
4． ________________ 实现某人的梦想
5． ________ 关心；喜欢；照顾；照料
devote ...to
be comprised of
deep down
fulfil one's dreams
care for
6． __________ 一个……的问题
7． __________ 凭空想出(不同寻常的计划、主意)
8． __________________ 在国内外
9． ________ 开发；开拓；开辟
10． ________ 在内心深处
a matter of
dream up
at home and abroad
open up
at heart
02
核心词汇突破
1．Indeed，his slim but strong body was just like that of millions of Chinese farmers，to whom he had devoted his life.
确实，他瘦削但结实的身躯，与其为之奉献毕生的千千万万的中国农民无异。
★devote vt.把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于
|用|法|感|知|
All in all，it is high time that we devoted ourselves to protecting the ocean.
总而言之，到了我们致力于保护海洋的时候了。
(“人物描写”写作佳句)Responsible and devoted to community work，he is praised by the people around.他负责任，献身于社区工作，受到了周围人们的称赞。
[归纳点拨]
(1)devote ...to 把……用于；献身；致力；专心
devote oneself to 献身于……；致力于……
(2)devoted adj. 忠诚的；深爱的
be devoted to (doing) sth. 专心于(做)某事；奉献于(做)某事
(3)devotion n. 关爱；关照；奉献；忠诚
|应|用|融|会|
(1)单句语法填空
①I still remember what you have devoted to _________ (improve) my oral English and writing skills.
②Society even praises “burning the candle at both ends” as a sign of our _______ (devote) to work and family.
improving
devotion
(2)句式升级
③The young lady devotes herself to teaching the deaf children，so she has little time to care for her own daughter.
→ _________________________ the deaf children，the young lady has little time to care for her own daughter.(现在分词短语作状语)
→ _________________ the deaf children，the young lady has little time to care for her own daughter.(过去分词短语作状语)
Devoting herself to teaching
Devoted to teaching
[联想发散]
以下短语中to是介词，后接动词时应用动名词形式：
①look forward to doing sth. 盼望做某事
②object to doing sth. 反对做某事
③get down to doing sth. 开始做某事
④pay attention to doing sth. 注意做某事
⑤be/get used/accustomed to doing sth. 习惯于做某事
2．Yuan was convinced that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice.
袁隆平确信答案可以在杂交水稻的培育中找到。
★convince vt.使相信；使确信；说服
|用|法|感|知|
We have been trying to convince him to tackle the problem in this way in the past few days.
在过去的几天里，我们一直试图说服他以这种方式解决这个问题。
(“动作描写”写作佳句)Yelling at the top of his lung，Joe tried to comfort me and convince me that it was the best way to escape the danger.
乔声嘶力竭地叫喊着，试图安慰我，让我相信这是逃离危险的最好办法。
(主旨升华句)I'm firmly convinced of the significance of honesty，which will contribute to building a warm and harmonious society.我坚信诚实的重要性，它将有助于建立一个温暖、和谐的社会。
[归纳点拨]
(1)convince sb.to do sth. 说服某人做某事
convince sb.of sth. 使某人相信某事
convince sb.that ... 使某人相信……
(2)convinced adj. 确信；深信的
be convinced that ... 确信……
(3)convincing adj. 令人信服的；有说服力的
|应|用|融|会|
(1)单句语法填空
①They tried to convince him __________ (support) them.
②We are __________ (convince) that the competition will be a great success.
to support
convinced
(2)句式升级
③I'm convinced that your advice will contribute to our good performance，so I sincerely hope you can help us.
→___________________________________________________________________，I sincerely hope you can help us.(过去分词短语作状语)
Convinced that your advice will contribute to our good
performance
3. The common assumption then was that it could not be done.当时普遍认为这是不可能实现的。
★assumption n．假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权力的)获得
|用|法|感|知|
(“申请”类写作佳句)On the assumption that I am chosen to be chairman of the Student Council，I will organize more colorful after-class activities.
假如我被选为学生会主席，我将组织更多丰富多彩的课外活动。
It's assumed that mental health is closely related to physical health.
人们认为精神健康与身体健康密切相关。
Assuming that time permits，a Peking Opera performance will be given.
假如时间允许，将会上演一场京剧表演。
[归纳点拨]
(1)on the assumption that ... 假定……
(2)assume vt. 假定；认为；承担(责任)；就(职)；呈现；显露
assume sb./sth. (to be)＋adj./n. 假定/认为某人/某事(为)……
It is assumed that ... 人们认为……
(3)assuming (that) ... 假设……
(4)assumed adj. 假设的；假定的
|应|用|融|会|
(1)单句语法填空
①_________ (assume) that the plan is practical，how will you achieve it
②It was impossible to make ___________ (assume) about people's reactions.
③He lived and worked there under an ________ (assume) name.
Assuming
assumptions
assumed
(2)一句多译
他们认为这个目击者能够很清楚地看到那起事故。
④They ______________________ able to see the accident clearly.
⑤They ___________ the witness was able to see the accident clearly.
assumed the witness to be
assumed that
4．Today，it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan's hybrid strains，and his strains have allowed China's farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year.
据估算，现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物，这些品种(形成的作物)让中国农民每年能够生产出大约两亿吨稻米。
★comprise vt.包括；包含；由……组成
|用|法|感|知|
Each course comprises 10－12 informal weekly meetings.
每门课程都包括10至12次每周一次的非正式见面会。
(“健康饮食”类写作佳句)A healthy diet is comprised of various nutrients，which are essential for our body's proper functioning.
健康的饮食由多种营养成分构成，它们对我们身体的正常运转至关重要。
[归纳点拨]
be comprised of＝consist of＝be made up of
包括；包含；由……组成(构成)
注意：consist of没有被动语态。
|应|用|融|会|(一句多译)
这座有两间卧室、一间厨房和一间起居室的房子已经出售。
①The house ____________ two bedrooms，a kitchen，and a living room has been sold.(comprise)
②The house ____________ two bedrooms，a kitchen，and a living room has been sold.(consist)
③The house ___________ two bedrooms，a kitchen，and a living room has been sold.(make)
comprised of
consisting of
made up of
03
重点句式解构
1．However，what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.
然而，他最关心的是农民经常粮食歉收，有时甚至出现严重的食物短缺。
感知将学语法——主语从句
句中what concerned him most为what引导的主语从句，what在从句中作主语。常见的引导主语从句的形式还有：
①That Yuan Longping had realized his dream of “seawater rice” surprised the whole world.(that引导的主语从句)
袁隆平实现了他的“海水稻”梦想，这让全世界都为之震惊。
②It surprised the whole world that Yuan Longping had realized his dream of developing “seawater rice”．(it是形式主语，that引导的从句作真正主语)
袁隆平实现了他研制“海水稻”的梦想，这让全世界都为之震惊。
2．Today，it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan's hybrid strains，and his strains have allowed China's farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year.
据估算，现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物，这些品种(形成的作物)让中国农民每年能够生产出大约两亿吨稻米。
(1)“It is＋过去分词＋that ...”结构常见的有：
It is said that ... 据说……
It is reported that ... 据报道……
It is known to all that ... 众所周知……
It is hoped that ... 人们希望……
It is thought that ... 人们认为……
It is suggested that ... 人们建议……
(2)上述句式除“It is hoped that ...”和“It is suggested that ...”外，可以转化为“sb./sth.is＋过去分词＋to do/to have done ...”句型。
若不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前，就用不定式的完成时；若不定式所表示的动作与谓语动词的动作(几乎)同时发生，或在它之后发生，则用不定式的一般时。
“两层级”学通用活句式
(1)通过“句式变换”弄明句式结构
①Hopefully，you could make it to this wonderful event.
→___________________________________________________
(用It be＋过去分词＋that ...句式改写)
②It is said that Tom went abroad last week.
→Tom _________________ abroad last week.
It is hoped that you could make it to this wonderful event.
is said to have gone
(2)通过“句式仿写”做到熟练运用
③众所周知，中西方国家文化差异很大。
___________________ there is a huge cultural difference between China and the western countries.
④据报道越来越多的人选择自助游，这给予他们更多探索世界的自由。
_______________ more and more people are choosing to travel independently，which offers them more freedom to explore the world.
It is known to all that
It is reported that
3．Given that Yuan's hybrids made him quite wealthy，one might think he would have retired to a life of leisure.
鉴于袁隆平开发杂交水稻而变得相当富有，有人会认为他会退休享受悠闲的生活。
“given that”在句中作连词，意思是“考虑到”。given可用作介词，表示“考虑到；鉴于”等意思。用法类似的还有：
seeing (that) ... 鉴于；考虑到
provided/providing (that) ...
如果；假设；在……条件下
suppose/supposing (that) ... 假定；假设；设想
“两层级”学通用活句式
(1)通过“句法训练”弄明句式结构(单句语法填空)
①______ (give) his age (＝Considering how old he is)，he is remarkably active.
② ______ (see) that it is eight o'clock，we'll wait no longer.
Given
Seeing
(2)通过“句式仿写”做到熟练运用
③考虑到没人帮我们吓走北极熊，我们只得自救。
________________________________ away the polar bear，we had no alternative but to save ourselves.
④万一你在即将来临的比赛中失败，你该怎么办？
________________________________________________________________________ ，what should you do
Given that no one helped us frighten
Providing/Provided/Supposing/Suppose (that) you were failing in the coming match
04
随堂融通训练
根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Yuan Longping，①______ (know) as the “father of hybrid rice”，was one of China's most famous scientists.Yuan Longping was born in 1930 in Beijing.And he chose to study agriculture and received ② ____ education at Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing.After
③ __________ (graduate) in 1953，he worked as a researcher.
known
an
graduating
Since then he had devoted his life to ④ _______ (find) ways to grow more rice.The farmers are now expanding their output ⑤ _______ (great) by growing his hybrid rice.Deep down，Yuan was still very much a farmer ⑥ __ heart.He made large ⑦ _________ (donate) to support agricultural research.⑧ _____ impressed people most about Yuan Longping was his ongoing ability ⑨ _______ (fulfil) his dreams.His later vision for “seawater rice” also ⑩ _______ (become) a reality.
finding
greatly
at
donations
What
to fulfil
became
05
课时跟踪检测
第Ⅰ卷 语言基础训练
(一)单词拼写(8分)
(1)He could read all the national papers at his______ (闲暇)．
(2)With great effort he finally ________ (获得) that position.
(3)I know you have deep feelings for him.But we should face ______ (现实)．
(4) _________ (估计) of the damage range between $1 million and $5 million.
leisure
attained
reality
Estimates
(5)As Helen's knowledge and vocabulary _________ (扩大)，she asked more and more questions.
(6)I don't believe what you said，but if you can prove it，you may be able to ________ (说服) me.
(7)The dam is very useful.It can not only _______ (产生) electricity but also hold back the floods.
(8)A ____________ (特点) of this animal is its ability to live for a long time without water.
expanded
convince
generate
characteristic
(二)单句语法填空(16分)
(9)There's a great ________ (short)of resource materials in many schools.
(10)His manners are rough，but he is a kind man ___ heart.
(11)Since then，he has cared ___ her as if she were his own mother.
(12)She devoted her life to _______ (help) homeless children.
shortage
at
for
helping
(13)Do you want a sweet pancake or a _____ (salt) one
(14)The method put forward by the teenagers is simpler and quicker than __________ (convention) methods.
(15)After __________ (overcome) her initial shyness，Maria became very friendly.
(16)My calculations were based on the __________ (assume) that house prices would remain steady.
salty
conventional
overcoming
assumption
(三)选词填空(12分)
be comprised of，be devoted to，care for，far from，deep down，convince ...of ...
(17)We must ________ the students ___ the advantages of wider reading.
(18)The entire universe ______________ different kinds of matter.
convince
of
is comprised of
(19)He ____________ the cause of peace; as a result，he has won respect from all over the world.
(20)The old scientist is living a happy and simple life，because he doesn't _______ money or fame.
(21)It was obvious that much of what they recorded was ________ the truth.
(22) __________ ，they realize that happiness can't be bought.
is devoted to
care for
far from
Deep down
(四)完成句子(10分)
(23)人们相信，阅读增长我们的知识并开拓我们的思路。(It is ＋过去分词＋that ...)
________________ reading increases our knowledge and broadens our mind.
It is believed that
(24)让我最吃惊的是，一个七岁的小孩子能把小提琴拉得这么好。(what引导的主语从句)
______________________ was that such a little boy of seven could play the violin so well.
(25)考虑到学生们需要更多的锻炼，校长决定增加体育课。(given that)
______________________________________ ，the head teacher has decided to add more PE classes.
What surprised me most
Given that the students need more exercise
(26)我相信人们在网上购物会变得更加方便。(convince)
_________________ it will be more convenient for people to do some shopping online.
(27)他毕业后继续献身于研究工作。(devote)
After he graduated，he continued to ___________________ ________.
I'm convinced that
devote himself to the
research
第Ⅱ卷 语篇综合训练
(一)阅读理解
A
Researchers say these little-studied structures，which can stretch for up to 50 meters and last for hundreds of years，could help our cities adapt to rising temperatures associated with the climate crisis.“It's really incredible how strong they are.They don't have any
negative impact on the environment，” said Ferdinand Ludwig，professor for green technologies at the Technical University of Munich.
The bridges stretch across rivers in India's mountainous Meghalaya area，connecting villages.They're all constructed from the aerial roots of the same kind of tree：the Indian rubber tree.Unlike bridges made from wood or bamboo，they aren't easily swept away and they don't rot — a common problem in what is often described as the world's wettest region.They've also proven more durable than bridges made from modern steel structures that quickly rust and decay in the damp climate.
The bridges are made and kept in good condition by individuals，families and communities from Khasi and Jaintia people.“In many cases it's a cooperation of all the inhabitants of two villages.This gives hope that this tradition can survive because it's on many shoulders.” said Ludwig.While some of the bridges have become tourist attractions，seeing up to 2，000 visitors a day，not all of the bridges they studied were in active use，with some at risk of being cut down for firewood.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。慕尼黑科技大学的路德维克教授和他的团队研究了印度梅加拉亚邦的一种桥。这种桥使用当地一种橡胶树的气根搭建，适应炎热潮湿的气候，环保且不会腐烂，比现代桥梁更耐用。
1．What does Ludwig think of the bridges in Meghalaya
A．They have been studied thoroughly.
B．They aren't as strong as wooden bridges.
C．They can't compete with steel structures.
D．They are totally nature-friendly.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“They don't have any negative impact on the environment”可知，路德维克认为梅加拉亚邦的桥梁是完全环保的。
√
2．How are the bridges in Meghalaya different from modern bridges
A．They are usually taller.
B．They can be swept away more easily.
C．They are longer in most cases.
D．They can survive the wet climate better.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“They've also proven more durable than bridges made from modern steel structures that quickly rust and decay in the damp climate.”可知，梅加拉亚邦的桥梁能更好地在潮湿的气候中生存。
3．How might Ludwig feel about many people building the bridges together
A．Indifferent. B．Disappointed.
C．Relieved. D．Confused.
√
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“This gives hope that this tradition can survive because it's on many shoulders.”可知，这是集体努力的结果，所以路德维克觉得不必担心这一传统会消失，因此会感到“放松，欣慰”。
4．Which is the best title for the text
A．Special bridges in India
B．Disappearing bridges in India
C．Ways to preserve old bridges
D．Methods of building green bridges
√
解析：标题归纳题。根据第一段“Researchers say these little-studied structures，which can stretch for up to 50 meters ...”、第二段“The bridges stretch across rivers in India's mountainous Meghalaya area ...”、第二段最后一句“They've also proven more durable ...”以及最后一段“This gives hope that this tradition can survive ...”可知，本文介绍了印度与众不同的桥。
B
Plants can often tell when they're in danger — by smell.But not all leaves sniff out threats equally well.In corn plants，baby leaves do this best，new data show.
“They recognize that danger is around the corner，” says Lei Wang.He's a plant biologist at the University of Bern in Switzerland.He and his colleagues shared the new findings in Current Biology.
Many plants are known to _______ their chemical defenses when they're about to get bitten by “insects”．One way plants sense such threats is through smell.They can detect smell molecules (分子) floating through the air.Those molecules may spread from an insect's saliva (唾液)．Or they may come from neighboring plants that have already been attacked and are on death's door.
beef up
Originally，Wang and his team set out to identify airborne chemicals that plants receive as warning scents (气味)．But when they started their study，they found that the adult corn leaves they tested did not produce many anti-predator chemicals in response to the smells.
So the researchers turned to baby leaves.These are much more fragile than the adult leaves that scientists usually study.In the lab，the team exposed young and adult corn leaves to a common danger — signaling scent.This green-leaf compound is similar to the smell of freshly cut grass.A corn plant might encounter this scent if a nearby plant was in danger.The researchers measured how much danger signal each leaf released in response to the warning smell.
New leaves were more sensitive than adult leaves.Even though the adult leaves were worse at “smelling”，however，they did release small amounts of defense chemicals.Other research shows that these leaves can process danger signals other than scent (such as insects biting them)．They can respond to these attacks，too，by issuing chemicals aimed at tackling the threat.
Wang hopes his research may lead to the breeding of smarter crops — ones more resistant to insects.In the long run，that should reduce a need for harmful pesticides.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一项研究。这项研究表明，比起成熟的叶子，玉米的嫩叶能更好地感知危险的到来。
5．What do the underlined words “beef up” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Cease. B．Balance.
C．Strengthen. D．Overcome.
解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段“their chemical defenses when they're about to get bitten by ‘insects’”可知，这里表示在遭遇危险时，植物会增强其化学防御能力。所以猜测beef up表“增强”的意思，和strengthen意思相近。
√
6．What can be learned from the text
A．Plants defend themselves in various ways.
B．Plants can sense danger from insect saliva.
C．Freshly cut grass was used in the research.
D．Adult corn leaves can't produce defense chemicals.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“One way plants sense ... an insect's saliva (唾液)．”可知，植物能通过昆虫的唾液感知危险。
7．What does Wang hope to achieve with his research
A．To reduce the use of poisonous pesticides.
B．To improve the taste of crops.
C．To breed more profitable plants.
D．To create safer pesticides.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，Wang希望通过他的研究减少有毒农药的使用。
8．What is the best title for the text
A．Scientists Developing Smarter Crops
B．New Study Revealing the Secret of Plants
C．Plants Recognizing Danger in Different Ways
D．Young Corn Leaves Smelling Danger Better
√
解析：标题归纳题。通读全文并结合文章首段以及倒数第二段可知，文章介绍了最新研究成果：比起成熟的叶子，玉米的嫩叶能更好地感知危险的到来，所以D项“Young Corn Leaves Smelling Danger Better(玉米的嫩叶更能觉察到危险)”最适合作本文标题。
(二)完形填空
Food is plentiful in our cities.It comes in all ____ shapes，colors，sizes，smells，and tastes.We all need it.We ____ it by cooperating completely with nature.Thus，there shouldn't be any problems between ____ and nature，right
9
10
11
Not ____ .We have to look at how foods are grown and the ways they are ____ to us.A lot of fruits and vegetables are ____ with the help of different pesticides (杀虫剂) and other ____ ，which will badly pollute our soil and water.
Animal agriculture ____ more greenhouse gases than cars.The ____ of large food production companies is that they overuse resources，which causes soil poisoning and other ____ problems.
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
If you don't want to ____ the environment，there's a great and better choice for you：you can ____ your daily food in farmers' markets.In most cities，you can find places where local farmers gather to sell goods，usually on weekends.It's a good opportunity for you to ____ fresh and healthy foods.It's also a great way to ____ local farmers，who usually find it difficult to compete with big national stores.Or you could grow your own produce ____ .You can even start your own garden if you live in an active community!
19
20
21
22
23
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。城市居民的食品在生产和运输过程中常常会对环境造成破坏，所以为了保护环境，作者建议人们去农贸市场购买食物，或者在条件允许的情况下自己种植农作物。
9．A.simple B．strange
C．beautiful D．different
√
解析：根据下文“shapes，colors，sizes，smells，and tastes”可知，城市居民的食物有不同的形状、颜色、大小、气味和味道。
10．A.get B．invent
C．discover D．explore
√
解析：根据上文内容可知，我们人类完全通过与大自然合作得到食物。于是作者设问，这样人类和大自然之间就没有任何问题了，是吗？
11．A.animals B．humans
C．farmers D．children
解析：我们完全通过与大自然合作得到食物。
√
12．A.wisely B．fully
C．really D．deeply
√
解析：根据语境可知，此处指食物的种植和运送的方式。
13．A.left B．sent
C．passed D．introduced
解析：根据下文“which will badly pollute our soil and water”可知，人类活动极大地污染了土壤和水源。因此对于上文第一段作者的设问“人类和大自然之间就没有任何问题了，是吗？”，作者回答说：“不见得。”
√
15．A.medicines B．strategies
C．tools D．chemicals
14．A.polluted B．formed
C．grown D．kept
√
解析：根据上文“with the help of different pesticides”可知，很多水果和蔬菜在种植过程中要依靠杀虫剂和其他的化学品。
解析：根据上文“We have to look at how foods are grown”可知，很多水果和蔬菜在种植过程中要依靠杀虫剂。
√
16．A.wastes B．produces
C．costs D．prevents
√
解析：根据上文内容可知，此处在讨论人类在生产食物的过程中对环境造成的破坏。再根据下文“more greenhouse gases than cars”可知，畜牧业产生的温室气体比汽车(产生的温室气体)还多。
17．A.problem B．opportunity
C．plan D．advantage
√
解析：根据下文“that they overuse resources，which causes soil poisoning”可知，它们过度利用资源，这造成了土壤中毒。由此可知，这是大型食物生产公司的问题。
19．A.harm B．thank
C．protect D．improve
18．A.social B．technical
C．environmental D．educational
√
解析：根据上文内容可知，人类在生产食物的过程中对环境造成了破坏，因此如果你不想损害环境，你有一个更好的选择。
解析：根据上文“which causes soil poisoning”可知，这造成了土壤中毒和其他的环境问题。
√
20．A.borrow B．receive
C．buy D．sell
√
解析：根据句意可知，去当地的农贸市场买日常食物是储存新鲜且健康的食物的好机会。
21．A.put in B．put on
C．put up D．put away
解析：根据下文“In most cities，you can find places where local farmers gather to sell goods”可知，你可以到农民聚集起来卖东西的地方买日常食物。
√
22．A.support B．meet
C．understand D．train
√
解析：根据下文“who usually find it difficult to compete with big national stores”可知，当地农民很难与大型的全国性商场竞争，因此买他们的食物是支持他们的好方法。
23．A.once B．either
C．instead D．still
√
解析：根据上文内容可知，作者给出的建议是去集市上购买当地农民自己种植的农产品，或者可以自己种植农作物。
(三)主题微写作(15分)
请用以下本课所学的词汇和短语写一个英语片段，介绍农业科学家袁隆平。词数60左右。
devote ... to ...，shortage，tackle，attain，conventional，overcome，expand，estimate，vision，reality
Yuan Longping，a remarkable agricultural scientist，devoted his life to agricultural research.Facing the serious food shortage，he was determined to tackle this issue.He didn't follow conventional ways but had a vision of developing high-yield hybrid rice.Through countless efforts，he overcame numerous difficulties and finally attained great success.It is estimated that his achievement has expanded food production significantly，making his vision a wonderful reality.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________UNIT 5 课时检测(二) “Reading and Thinking”的新知学习环节
第Ⅰ卷 语言基础训练
(一)单词拼写(8分)
(1)He could read all the national papers at his ______________ (闲暇)．
(2)With great effort he finally ______________ (获得) that position.
(3)I know you have deep feelings for him.But we should face __________ (现实)．
(4)______________ (估计) of the damage range between $1 million and $5 million.
(5)As Helen's knowledge and vocabulary ______________ (扩大), she asked more and more questions.
(6)I don't believe what you said, but if you can prove it, you may be able to __________ (说服) me.
(7)The dam is very useful.It can not only __________ (产生) electricity but also hold back the floods.
(8)A __________________ (特点) of this animal is its ability to live for a long time without water.
(二)单句语法填空(16分)
(9)There's a great ______________ (short) of resource materials in many schools.
(10)His manners are rough, but he is a kind man ______________ heart.
(11)Since then, he has cared __________ her as if she were his own mother.
(12)She devoted her life to ______________ (help) homeless children.
(13)Do you want a sweet pancake or a ______________ (salt) one
(14)The method put forward by the teenagers is simpler and quicker than ________________ (convention) methods.
(15)After ________________ (overcome) her initial shyness, Maria became very friendly.
(16)My calculations were based on the ______________(assume) that house prices would remain steady.
(三)选词填空(12分)
(17)We must __________ the students __________ the advantages of wider reading.
(18)The entire universe ______________________ different kinds of matter.
(19)He ____________________ the cause of peace; as a result, he has won respect from all over the world.
(20)The old scientist is living a happy and simple life，because he doesn't ____________ money or fame.
(21)It was obvious that much of what they recorded was ______________ the truth.
(22)______________， they realize that happiness can't be bought.
(四)完成句子(10分)
(23)人们相信，阅读增长我们的知识并开拓我们的思路。(It is ＋过去分词＋that ...)
________________________ reading increases our knowledge and broadens our mind.
(24)让我最吃惊的是，一个七岁的小孩子能把小提琴拉得这么好。(what引导的主语从句)
______________________________ was that such a little boy of seven could play the violin so well.
(25)考虑到学生们需要更多的锻炼，校长决定增加体育课。(given that)
____________________________________________________________， the head teacher has decided to add more PE classes.
(26)我相信人们在网上购物会变得更加方便。(convince)
____________________________ it will be more convenient for people to do some shopping online.
(27)他毕业后继续献身于研究工作。(devote)
After he graduated, he continued to _________________________________________.
第Ⅱ卷 语篇综合训练
(一)阅读理解
A
Researchers say these little studied structures, which can stretch for up to 50 meters and last for hundreds of years, could help our cities adapt to rising temperatures associated with the climate crisis.“It's really incredible how strong they are.They don't have any negative impact on the environment，” said Ferdinand Ludwig, professor for green technologies at the Technical University of Munich.
The bridges stretch across rivers in India's mountainous Meghalaya area, connecting villages.They're all constructed from the aerial roots of the same kind of tree：the Indian rubber tree.Unlike bridges made from wood or bamboo, they aren't easily swept away and they don't rot — a common problem in what is often described as the world's wettest region.They've also proven more durable than bridges made from modern steel structures that quickly rust and decay in the damp climate.
The bridges are made and kept in good condition by individuals, families and communities from Khasi and Jaintia people.“In many cases it's a cooperation of all the inhabitants of two villages.This gives hope that this tradition can survive because it's on many shoulders.” said Ludwig.While some of the bridges have become tourist attractions, seeing up to 2,000 visitors a day, not all of the bridges they studied were in active use, with some at risk of being cut down for firewood.
1．What does Ludwig think of the bridges in Meghalaya
A．They have been studied thoroughly.
B．They aren't as strong as wooden bridges.
C．They can't compete with steel structures.
D．They are totally nature friendly.
2．How are the bridges in Meghalaya different from modern bridges
A．They are usually taller.
B．They can be swept away more easily.
C．They are longer in most cases.
D．They can survive the wet climate better.
3．How might Ludwig feel about many people building the bridges together
A．Indifferent. B．Disappointed.
C．Relieved. D．Confused.
4．Which is the best title for the text
A．Special bridges in India
B．Disappearing bridges in India
C．Ways to preserve old bridges
D．Methods of building green bridges
Plants can often tell when they're in danger — by smell.But not all leaves sniff out threats equally well.In corn plants, baby leaves do this best, new data show.
“They recognize that danger is around the corner，” says Lei Wang.He's a plant biologist at the University of Bern in Switzerland.He and his colleagues shared the new findings in Current Biology.
Many plants are known to beef_up their chemical defenses when they're about to get bitten by “insects”．One way plants sense such threats is through smell.They can detect smell molecules (分子) floating through the air.Those molecules may spread from an insect's saliva (唾液)．Or they may come from neighboring plants that have already been attacked and are on death's door.
Originally, Wang and his team set out to identify airborne chemicals that plants receive as warning scents (气味)．But when they started their study, they found that the adult corn leaves they tested did not produce many anti predator chemicals in response to the smells.
So the researchers turned to baby leaves.These are much more fragile than the adult leaves that scientists usually study.In the lab, the team exposed young and adult corn leaves to a common danger — signaling scent.This green leaf compound is similar to the smell of freshly cut grass.A corn plant might encounter this scent if a nearby plant was in danger.The researchers measured how much danger signal each leaf released in response to the warning smell.
New leaves were more sensitive than adult leaves.Even though the adult leaves were worse at “smelling”， however, they did release small amounts of defense chemicals.Other research shows that these leaves can process danger signals other than scent (such as insects biting them)．They can respond to these attacks, too, by issuing chemicals aimed at tackling the threat.
Wang hopes his research may lead to the breeding of smarter crops — ones more resistant to insects.In the long run, that should reduce a need for harmful pesticides.
5．What do the underlined words “beef up” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Cease. B．Balance.
C．Strengthen. D．Overcome.
6．What can be learned from the text
A．Plants defend themselves in various ways.
B．Plants can sense danger from insect saliva.
C．Freshly cut grass was used in the research.
D．Adult corn leaves can't produce defense chemicals.
7．What does Wang hope to achieve with his research
A．To reduce the use of poisonous pesticides.
B．To improve the taste of crops.
C．To breed more profitable plants.
D．To create safer pesticides.
8．What is the best title for the text
A．Scientists Developing Smarter Crops
B．New Study Revealing the Secret of Plants
C．Plants Recognizing Danger in Different Ways
D．Young Corn Leaves Smelling Danger Better
(二)完形填空
Food is plentiful in our cities.It comes in all __9__ shapes, colors, sizes, smells, and tastes.We all need it.We __10__ it by cooperating completely with nature.Thus, there shouldn't be any problems between __11__ and nature, right
Not __12__.We have to look at how foods are grown and the ways they are __13__ to us.A lot of fruits and vegetables are __14__ with the help of different pesticides (杀虫剂) and other __15__， which will badly pollute our soil and water.
Animal agriculture __16__ more greenhouse gases than cars.The __17__ of large food production companies is that they overuse resources, which causes soil poisoning and other __18__ problems.
If you don't want to __19__ the environment, there's a great and better choice for you：you can __20__ your daily food in farmers' markets.In most cities, you can find places where local farmers gather to sell goods, usually on weekends.It's a good opportunity for you to __21__ fresh and healthy foods.It's also a great way to__22__ local farmers, who usually find it difficult to compete with big national stores.Or you could grow your own produce __23__.You can even start your own garden if you live in an active community!
9．A.simple B．strange
C．beautiful D．different
10．A.get B．invent
C．discover D．explore
11．A.animals B．humans
C．farmers D．children
12．A.wisely B．fully
C．really D．deeply
13．A.left B．sent
C．passed D．introduced
14．A.polluted B．formed
C．grown D．kept
15．A.medicines B．strategies
C．tools D．chemicals
16．A.wastes B．produces
C．costs D．prevents
17．A.problem B．opportunity
C．plan D．advantage
18．A.social B．technical
C．environmental D．educational
19．A.harm B．thank
C．protect D．improve
20．A.borrow B．receive
C．buy D．sell
21．A.put in B．put on
C．put up D．put away
22．A.support B．meet
C．understand D．train
23．A.once B．either
C．instead D．still
(三)主题微写作(15分)(建议教师批阅)
请用以下本课所学的词汇和短语写一个英语片段，介绍农业科学家袁隆平。词数60左右。
devote ... to ...， shortage， tackle， attain， conventional， overcome， expand， estimate， vision， reality
UNIT 5 课时检测(二)
第Ⅰ卷 语言基础训练
(一)(1)leisure (2)attained (3)reality (4)Estimates
(5)expanded (6)convince (7)generate (8)characteristic
(二)(9)shortage (10)at (11)for (12)helping (13)salty (14)conventional (15)overcoming (16)assumption
(三)(17)convince; of (18)is comprised of (19)is devoted to (20)care for (21)far from (22)Deep down
(四)(23)It is believed that (24)What surprised me most
(25)Given that the students need more exercise
(26)I'm convinced that (27)devote himself to the research
第Ⅱ卷 语篇综合训练
(一)阅读理解
[A]
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。慕尼黑科技大学的路德维克教授和他的团队研究了印度梅加拉亚邦的一种桥。这种桥使用当地一种橡胶树的气根搭建，适应炎热潮湿的气候，环保且不会腐烂，比现代桥梁更耐用。
1．选D 细节理解题。根据第一段“They don't have any negative impact on the environment”可知，路德维克认为梅加拉亚邦的桥梁是完全环保的。
2．选D 细节理解题。根据第二段“They've also proven more durable than bridges made from modern steel structures that quickly rust and decay in the damp climate.”可知，梅加拉亚邦的桥梁能更好地在潮湿的气候中生存。
3．选C 推理判断题。根据最后一段“This gives hope that this tradition can survive because it's on many shoulders.”可知，这是集体努力的结果，所以路德维克觉得不必担心这一传统会消失，因此会感到“放松，欣慰”。
4．选A 标题归纳题。根据第一段“Researchers say these little studied structures, which can stretch for up to 50 meters ...”、第二段“The bridges stretch across rivers in India's mountainous Meghalaya area ...”、第二段最后一句“They've also proven more durable ...”以及最后一段“This gives hope that this tradition can survive ...”可知，本文介绍了印度与众不同的桥。
[B]
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一项研究。这项研究表明，比起成熟的叶子，玉米的嫩叶能更好地感知危险的到来。
5．选C 词义猜测题。根据第三段“their chemical defenses when they're about to get bitten by ‘insects’”可知，这里表示在遭遇危险时，植物会增强其化学防御能力。所以猜测beef up表“增强”的意思，和strengthen意思相近。
6．选B 细节理解题。根据第三段“One way plants sense ... an insect's saliva (唾液)．”可知，植物能通过昆虫的唾液感知危险。
7．选A 细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，Wang希望通过他的研究减少有毒农药的使用。
8．选D 标题归纳题。通读全文并结合文章首段以及倒数第二段可知，文章介绍了最新研究成果：比起成熟的叶子，玉米的嫩叶能更好地感知危险的到来，所以D项“Young Corn Leaves Smelling Danger Better(玉米的嫩叶更能觉察到危险)”最适合作本文标题。
(二)完形填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。城市居民的食品在生产和运输过程中常常会对环境造成破坏，所以为了保护环境，作者建议人们去农贸市场购买食物，或者在条件允许的情况下自己种植农作物。
9．选D 根据下文“shapes, colors, sizes, smells, and tastes”可知，城市居民的食物有不同的形状、颜色、大小、气味和味道。
10．选A 我们完全通过与大自然合作得到食物。
11．选B 根据上文内容可知，我们人类完全通过与大自然合作得到食物。于是作者设问，这样人类和大自然之间就没有任何问题了，是吗？
12．选C 根据下文“which will badly pollute our soil and water”可知，人类活动极大地污染了土壤和水源。因此对于上文第一段作者的设问“人类和大自然之间就没有任何问题了，是吗？”，作者回答说：“不见得。”
13．选B 根据语境可知，此处指食物的种植和运送的方式。
14．选C 根据上文“We have to look at how foods are grown”可知，很多水果和蔬菜在种植过程中要依靠杀虫剂。
15．选D 根据上文“with the help of different pesticides”可知，很多水果和蔬菜在种植过程中要依靠杀虫剂和其他的化学品。
16．选B 根据上文内容可知，此处在讨论人类在生产食物的过程中对环境造成的破坏。再根据下文“more greenhouse gases than cars”可知，畜牧业产生的温室气体比汽车(产生的温室气体)还多。
17．选A 根据下文“that they overuse resources, which causes soil poisoning”可知，它们过度利用资源，这造成了土壤中毒。由此可知，这是大型食物生产公司的问题。
18．选C 根据上文“which causes soil poisoning”可知，这造成了土壤中毒和其他的环境问题。
19．选A 根据上文内容可知，人类在生产食物的过程中对环境造成了破坏，因此如果你不想损害环境，你有一个更好的选择。
20．选C 根据下文“In most cities, you can find places where local farmers gather to sell goods”可知，你可以到农民聚集起来卖东西的地方买日常食物。
21．选D 根据句意可知，去当地的农贸市场买日常食物是储存新鲜且健康的食物的好机会。
22．选A 根据下文“who usually find it difficult to compete with big national stores”可知，当地农民很难与大型的全国性商场竞争，因此买他们的食物是支持他们的好方法。
23．选C 根据上文内容可知，作者给出的建议是去集市上购买当地农民自己种植的农产品，或者可以自己种植农作物。
(三)主题微写作(参考范文)
Yuan Longping, a remarkable agricultural scientist, devoted his life to agricultural research.Facing the serious food shortage, he was determined to tackle this issue.He didn't follow conventional ways but had a vision of developing high yield hybrid rice.Through countless efforts, he overcame numerous difficulties and finally attained great success.It is estimated that his achievement has expanded food production significantly, making his vision a wonderful reality.
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