(共82张PPT)
Learning About Language
Using Language
Section Ⅳ
语言技能一课过
课前词汇默写
新知深化学习
听力发掘训练
课时跟踪检测
Contents 目录
01
02
03
04
01
课前词汇默写
一、阅读单词——知其义
1．an urban farm 一个_____农场
3．a railway tunnel 一条铁路_____
4．wheat farmers _____种植户
5．a wine with a fruit flavour 有水果_____的葡萄酒
城市
轰炸
炸弹
隧道
小麦
味道
6．chemical fertilisers __________
7．alleviate world hunger _____世界饥荒
8．organic farming _____农业
9．at the local grocery 在当地的_______
化学肥料
减轻
有机
杂货店
二、重点单词——写其形
1．receive __________ support 得到普遍支持
3．an ________ part 必不可少的一部分
4．a glass of _______ water 一杯矿泉水
widespread
digest
digest
essential
mineral
6．in most __________ 在多数情况下
7．the ____ of the problem 问题的根源
8．all _______ of city life 城市生活的各个方面
9．live in _______ 生活于贫困之中
alternative
alternative
instances
root
aspects
poverty
三、活用单词——悉其变
nutrition
extension
extend
nutritional
deep
entirely
entire
depth
四、拓展构词——明其规(依据规律串记单词)
1．extension：以“-sion”结尾的名词
①conclusion 结论；结束
②confusion 混乱
③expression 词语；表达方式
④revision 修正；复习
2．depth：以“-th”结尾的名词
①length 长度 ②strength 力量
③warmth 温暖 ④width 宽度
五、高级词块——通其用
1．___________ 利用
2．________ 适应
3．_____ 在使用；被使用
4．______ 相应地；转而；轮流；依次
5．________________ 对……造成损害
make use of
adapt to
in use
in turn
cause damage to
6．________ 富含……；……含量高
7．________ 转向
8．________ 关注；聚焦
9．__________ 例如；比如
10．__________________ 阻止……做……
be rich in
switch to
focus on
for instance
keep ...from doing ...
02
新知深化学习
一、重点词汇
1. This affects the crops grown on the land and， in turn，the animals and humans who digest them.
这会影响土里种植的作物，继而影响消化这些作物的人畜。
★in turn相应地；转而；依次；轮流
|用|法|感|知|
In the past it was our parents and teachers that helped us in many aspects and in turn，we should give a helping hand to them from now on.
过去是我们的父母和老师在很多方面帮助了我们，反过来，我们应该从现在开始帮助他们。
The audience reacted warmly and excitedly as each of the students spoke in turn.当每个学生轮流发言时，听众反应热烈而兴奋。
[归纳点拨]
in one's turn 轮到某人
by turns 轮流地；交替地
take turns (to do sth.) 轮流(做某事)
It's one's turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事
|应|用|融|会|
(单句语法填空/句型转换)
①Now that we have finished the design，it is __ their turn to construct the bridge.
②It's my turn ________ (drive) the kids to school this week.
③Bernard and John sold popcorn in the market by turns.
→Bernard and John ___________________________________. (用take turns改写)
in
to drive
took turns to sell popcorn in the market
[名师点津] (1)in turn表示“轮流；转而”，而in return (for)则表示“作为(对……)报答；回报”。
(2)by turns和take turns中的turn用复数形式。
2．They may look beautiful on the outside，but inside there is usually more water than essential minerals，and they often have less flavour as well.
此类作物外表靓丽，而内里却经常是水分多于必需矿物质，并且往往口感较差。
★essential adj.完全必要的；极其重要的
|用|法|感|知|
For another，fashion is an essential part of our life，which doesn't conflict with our studies.
另一方面，时尚是我们生活的重要组成部分，与我们的学习并不冲突。
(“传统文化”类写作佳句)In reality，learning about the history of the Tang Dynasty is essential to/for your learning Tang poems.
实际上，了解唐朝的历史对你学习唐诗很重要。
[归纳点拨]
be essential to/for 对……很重要
It is essential that ...(should) do ...
做……是完全必要的
It is essential for sb to do ... 对某人来说做……是完全必要的
|应|用|融|会|(一句多译)
各个国家完全有必要彼此合作制订可行的有关海洋保护的计划。
①It is essential ___________________________________________ to work out practical plans regarding ocean protection.
②It is essential ____________________________________ to work out practical plans regarding ocean protection.
that countries (should) team up with one another
for countries to team up with one another
3. As an alternative，some farmers have switched to organic farming，and many customers have turned to organic food when they shop at the local grocery.
作为一种替代方法，有些农民已经转向有机耕作，而且许多消费者在当地食杂店购物时，也转而选择有机食品。
★alternative n．可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的；非传统的
|用|法|感|知|
(“环境保护”类写作佳句) To protect the environment，public transportation and walking can be an alternative to private cars.
为了保护环境，公共交通和步行可以成为私家车的替代品。
(主旨升华句) We have no alternative but to face failure bravely and learn from it.我们别无选择，只能勇敢地直面失败并从中吸取教训。
[归纳点拨]
(1)have no alternative/choice but to do sth.
＝can do nothing but do sth.
别无选择只能做某事
an alternative to ... ……的替代物(to是介词)
there's no alternative ... ……别无选择
(2)alternatively adv. 不；或者
|应|用|融|会|
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①It was so serious a matter that I had no alternative but ______ (call) the police.
②The Internet also provides us with a cheap alternative to ______________ (communicate) with others.
③I didn't know how to deal with the problem，so I ____________
___________________________________.
我不知道该如何处理这个问题，所以我别无选择，只好向你求助。
to call
communicating
had no
alternative but to turn to you for help
二、经典句式
1. As for chemical fertilisers，crops grown with them usually grow too fast to be rich in nutrition.
至于化学肥料，用其施肥的作物通常生长过快而营养不足。
too ...to ...意为“太……而不能……”，表示否定含义。此结构在以下情况中也可表示肯定意义：
(1)too 后跟 anxious，eager，glad，happy，pleased，ready，willing等表示心情、心理活动状态或心理倾向的形容词时；
(2)too 前有 but，only，all等词对其进行修饰时；
(3)否定词 not，never等用在too前时。
“两层级”学通用活句式
(1)通过“句法训练”弄明句式结构
(单句语法填空/同义句转换)
①From my point of view，Jane was too young __________ (proceed) with the next job.
②It is generally believed that you can't be ____ careful when crossing the street.
to proceed
too
③She was so excited that she couldn't utter a word when she heard the news.
→She was _______________________ when she heard the news.(用too ...to ...改写)
too excited to utter a word
(2)通过“句式仿写”做到熟练运用
④被问话的时候，他太震惊了，不能描述发生了什么。
When questioned，he was _________________ an account of what had happened.
⑤当老师让我回答问题时，我总是紧张得回答不出来，这让我很难过。
When the teacher asked me to answer a question，I was always _____________________ ，which made me very sad.
too shocked to give
too nervous to answer it
2．For example，pesticides can damage the land by killing not only harmful bacteria and insects，but also helpful ones.
本句使用了递进用语“not only ...but (also) ...”，表示“不但……而且……”。在写作中注意巧妙而准确地利用它，以使句子整齐对称，从而为自己的作文增加亮点。
|应|用|融|会|(完成句子)
①You ________________________________________________
__________________，but also frankly shared your learning experience with me.
你不仅致力于提高我的英语口语和英语写作水平，还坦率地与我分享了你的学习经验。
and English writing
not only devoted yourself to improving my oral English
②_____________________________，but I will also gain some social experience through the job.(倒装结构)
通过做这份工作，我不仅可以赚许多钱，而且还能获得一些社会经验。
Not only will I earn much money
03
听力发掘训练
教材听力“再利用”
一、由听力厚积语料库
1．World Food Day ___________
2．eliminate world hunger ______________
3．eat enough nutritious food __________________
4．develop sustainable agriculture ______________
5． ____________ 主要因素
6． __________ 挨饿
7． ______________ 全球冲突
世界粮食日
消除世界饥饿
吃有足够营养的食物
发展可持续农业
major factors
go hungry
global conflict
二、教材录音材料的发掘训练
1．According to the host，what will David Bond talk about today
A．An explanation about FAO.
B．His career and experience.
C．World hunger.
√
2．What does FAO think about nutritious food
A．About 11% of the population can afford nutritious food.
B．People can't afford or don't have access to nutritious food.
C．The rich have the right to nutritious food.
√
3．What does FAO do to alleviate world hunger
A．It makes efforts to reduce climate change to alleviate world hunger.
B．It runs a project called Climate-Smart Agriculture to develop sustainable agriculture.
C．It creates hybrid rice which can greatly improve rice production.
√
4．What can we individuals do to alleviate world hunger in daily life
A．We can eat hybrid rice in our daily life.
B．We can take part in the project named Climate-Smart Agriculture.
C．We can buy food that supports the environment and never waste food.
√
三、依据教材听力完成句子
1．And our aim is simple — to eliminate world hunger，which，__________________________，stands at around 11% of the world's population.
2．So I guess things like droughts，_____，and ______________
are all major factors in this.
according to our latest figures
floods
climate change
3．I've seen many researchers say that it directly leads to_____
________.
4．Our research indicates that wars can ____________food production and transportation，meaning that _________ people have to go hungry.
mass
hunger
heavily affect
millions of
四、主题表达训练
请选用以下本单元听力材料中“世界粮食日”相关的词汇，谈谈作为中学生，我们平时应该怎么节约粮食。
alleviate world hunger，for example，make efforts，go hungry，make a difference，as individuals
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
On the one hand，we should start it with ourselves to save food. For example，do not order too much，pack up the leftovers，and don't be particular about food.On the other hand，we can persuade others to join the fight with us.Tough and big as the task is，I'm sure，with everyone doing his bit，we as individuals will make a difference and change the present situation for the better.
听力素养“漫养成”
|掌握规律技法|
识别支撑性信息
在听力文本中，当人们提出重要的事实或观点时，他们通常会给出相关事实或数据来支持他们的主张。找出支撑性的信息内容，也就理解了整段对话或独白的核心内容。这种信息通常在句子的开头提到，听材料时要特别留意 “report，research，studies，figures，findings”等关键词。
[典例] Q：What can we learn from the passage
A．DIY is a waste of money.
B．It's always difficult to DIY.
C．We should be careful while doing DIY.
[听力原文]
W：DIY，or Do It Yourself，is quite popular in the UK.Lots of stores and supermarkets sell DIY things.TV programmes show people how to DIY.English people like DIY.There is a huge market for DIY furniture，
people need to put together themselves with a few basic tools.However，people often find it not easy to build a piece of furniture because they can't understand the instructions.Sometimes the instructions are simple and clear，but the furniture itself is difficult to build.DIY can also be dangerous.For example，anything electrical should be done by a professional worker.Unluckily，many people don't care about this warning and put themselves in danger.It is reported that in just one year over 230，000 people were hurt while doing DIY in UK，including 41，000 who fell off ladders.
[分析] 听力原文中的“DIY can also be dangerous ”说明DIY的危险性。下文“It is reported that in just one year over 230，000 people were hurt while doing DIY in UK，including 41，000 who fell off ladders.”是支撑性证据，故选C项。
|多积主题表达|
“农业科学研究”场景听力表达
1．organic farming 有机农业
2．go hungry 挨饿
3．get rid of 去掉
4．build up a new farming method 开发一种新的耕作方法
5．free from bacteria and pests 免受细菌和害虫的伤害
6．year after year 年复一年
7．one of China's most famous scientists 中国最著名的科学家之一
8．do research 做研究
9．go against nature 违背自然规律
10．avoid damaging the environment 避免破坏环境
11．concentrate one's attention on 集中精力于……
12．Reusing waste can make the environment around us cleaner and cleaner.
废物的再利用可以使我们周围的环境越来越干净。
13．There are some traditional farmers left who still make cheese the old-fashioned way.
还有一些传统的农场主仍旧在用老式的方法制作奶酪。
14．China has the largest irrigated area of the farmland in the world and grows more than a third of the crops of the world.
中国拥有世界上最大的农田灌溉面积，种植的作物占世界的三分之一以上。
04
课时跟踪检测
第Ⅰ卷 语言基础训练
(一)单词拼写(10分)
(1)The ______ (隧道) project has already fallen behind schedule.
(2)Some of the diseases of middle age may be prevented by improving _________ (营养)．
(3)There doesn't seem to be an _________ (可供替代的) solution.
(4)There is __________ (广泛的) support for the new proposals.
(5)Most authorities agree that play is an ________ (极其重要的) part of a child's development.
tunnel
nutrition
alternative
widespread
essential
(6)As we all know，plants in desert usually have long ____ (根)．
(7)Technological change is everywhere and affects every ______ (方面) of life.
(8)Our country is rich in _______ (矿物) resources.
(9)At first glance， _______ (有机的) farming looks much more expensive for the farmer.
(10) _______ (贫穷) is less of a problem now than it used to be.
roots
aspect
mineral
organic
Poverty
(二)单句语法填空(16分)
(11)They are not _______ (entire) happy with his criticism.
(12)He arrived at the station，only ______ (find) that the train had gone.
(13)We felt at home with her and were impressed with the _____ (deep) of her knowledge.
(14)We had no other alternative but ________ (fight) for freedom.
entirely
to find
depth
to fight
(15)More highways have been built， _______ (make) it more convenient for people to travel around China.
(16)It is estimated that the new version of this dictionary will be ___ use next month.
(17)The change of the climate makes the Earth warmer. ___ turn，the warmth of the Earth changes the climate，too.
(18)Don't worry.In most _________ (instance)，the pain will soon go away.
making
in
In
instances
(三)完成句子(10分)
(19)大自然为我们的祖国提供了丰富的自然宝藏，使之成为我们幸福的家园。(现在分词短语作结果状语)
Nature has provided our country with wealthy natural treasures，____________________________.
(20)正如你知道的，打乒乓球不仅能增强你的体质，而且能塑造你的性格。(not only ...but also ...倒装句)
As you know，___________________________________________，but it can also shape your character.
making it a happy home for us
not only can playing ping-pong build up your body
(21)他拒绝了我，这让我不知所措。(make＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
He turned me down， _____________________.
(22)我别无选择，只能请几天假。(alternative)
I ____________________________a few days' leave.
(23)这个女孩太腼腆，不敢向任何人求助。(too ...to)
The girl is _____________ anyone for help.
which made me at a loss
had no alternative but to ask for
too shy to ask
第Ⅱ卷 语篇综合训练
(一)完形填空
Caring 17-year-old，Lauren Schroeder，was inspired to help bring healthy food to needy families in her community.When she was just 14，she volunteered at a local ___ to help fill boxes for people in need with canned and packaged food.She felt something was missing：fresh vegetables.“I thought it would be great to ___ that，” Lauren told the Washington Post about her motivation to grow and ___ homegrown produce.
1
2
3
This ___ teen then told her parents of her desire to start a garden on their family farm.Initially，while proud of her daughter's ___ ，Lauren's mother，Katie，admitted to some ___ ，wondering how much work this would mean.
Coming from a farming family，Lauren had some ___ with agriculture，but she had never tried growing ___ at scale (规模)．She ___ plants online，checking the instructions on how to take care of each crop.She then secured a ___ from the National FFA Organization，which supports ___ education，to cover seeds (种子) and gardening supplies.
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
And importantly，Lauren didn't ___ from hard work.During Iowa's hot and dry summers，she had to ___ her crops for around three hours daily.She also ___ checked for harmful insects，and bent down to pick her green bean crop，the most challenging vegetable to harvest in her opinion.
12
13
14
With assistance from her family，Lauren has donated more than 7，000 pounds of homegrown produce in the past two years.She has also won the ___ of her community.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个17岁的女孩Lauren Schroeder受到启发，决定帮助她所在社区的困难家庭获得健康食品的故事。
15
1．A.factory B．school
C．shelter D．shop
√
解析：根据上文的“she volunteered”以及空后的“help fill boxes for people in need with canned and packaged food”可推测，Lauren是在当地收容所做志愿者。
2．A.examine B．tolerate
C．discover D．change
√
解析：根据上文“She felt something was missing: fresh vegetables.”可知，Lauren觉得食品中缺少新鲜蔬菜。再根据段首句“Caring 17-year-old，Lauren Schroeder，was inspired to help bring healthy food to needy families in her community.”可知，她想改变这一状况。
3．A.donate B．promote
C．purchase D．process
√
解析：根据最后一段“With assistance from her family，Lauren has donated more than 7，000 pounds of homegrown produce in the past two years.”可知，Lauren种植蔬菜的目的是捐赠给当地有需要的人家。
4．A.honey-mouthed B．kind-hearted
C．good-mannered D．open-minded
√
解析：根据上文“Caring 17-year-old，Lauren Schroeder，was inspired to help bring healthy food to needy families in her community.”以及“Lauren told the Washington Post about her motivation to grow and homegrown produce.”可知，Lauren是个热心肠的、善良的女孩。
5．A.reputation B．hobby
C．vision D．agenda
√
解析：根据上文“This teen then told her parents of her desire to start a garden on their family farm.”可知，Lauren将自己的想法告知了父母，由此可知，她的妈妈是为自己女儿的想法感到骄傲。
6．A.mistakes B．truths
C．regrets D．concerns
√
解析：根据空后的“wondering how much work this would mean”可知，Katie对女儿的想法也感到担心，因为她不知道这意味着要做多少工作。
7．A.familiarity B．difficulty
C．doubt D．patience
√
解析：根据空前的“Coming from a farming family”可知，Lauren来自农民家庭，由此可知，她对农业还是有点熟悉的。
8．A.fruits B．vegetables
C．grains D．trees
解析：根据上文“fresh vegetables”可知，Lauren并未大规模种植过蔬菜。
√
9．A.mentioned B．shared
C．ranked D．researched
√
解析：根据空后的“plants online，checking the instructions on how to take care of each crop”可推测，她是在网上研究如何种植农作物。
10．A.title B．place
C．fund D．plan
解析：根据下文的“to cover seeds (种子) and gardening supplies”可知，她从该组织获得资金，用来购买种子和园艺用品。
√
11．A.agricultural B．cultural
C．environmental D．special
√
解析：根据上文的“the National FFA Organization”以及空后的“to cover seeds (种子) and gardening supplies”可判断，该组织支持农业教育。
12．A.fall off B．set apart
C．shy away D．go back
√
解析：根据下文内容“During Iowa's hot and dry summers ...to harvest in her opinion.”可知，Lauren凡事都亲力亲为。由此可知，她从未回避艰苦的工作。
13．A.gather B．water
C．observe D．plant
√
解析：根据空后的“checked for harmful insects”可知，她需要频繁地检查有害昆虫。
14．A.frequently B．impatiently
C．occasionally D．leisurely
解析：根据空前的“During Iowa's hot and dry summers”以及常识可知，在炎热干燥的夏季，她需要给庄稼浇水。
√
15．A.interest B．admiration
C．welfare D．competition
√
解析：根据空前的“With assistance from her family，Lauren has donated more than 7，000 pounds of homegrown produce in the past two years.”以及全文内容可知，她的善举应该是赢得了社区人们的钦佩。
(二)语法填空(15分)
According to agricultural experts，16. _________is important to feed the increasing population of our planet is crop diversity.They say having a large variety of plants also 17. _________ (help) to protect against possible crop diseases and future crises.But many experts say the number has decreased sharply during the past century.
One of the world's 18. _________ (large) seed conservation projects has predicted further losses.The Millennium Seed Bank Partnership is warning that up to one hundred thousand plant species could 19. _________ (permanent) disappear.The rich collection of genes 20. _________ decide their qualities would disappear with them.
Many experts blame climate change，loss of habitat and normal growth area for damaging plant life.They say human 21. _________ (activity) and poorly planned，overly heavy use of land are also responsible.Modern business farming is responsible 22. _________ loss of farmers' traditional crop varieties.The “Green Revolution” of the twentieth century changed agriculture.Some experts say the use of modern commercial farming methods saved millions of people from
23. _________(starve)．Farmers planted，watered，
and fertilised their crops with the help of machines.They treated their fields with chemicals 24. _________ (control) diseases and insects.Harvests grew larger and higher quality，but 25. _________ result was that some traditional crops were lost.Damage to the environment over the past century makes people believe that crop diversity also suffered.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了农作物多样性面临的严峻问题。
16．what 考查主语从句。根据语境可知，此处指农作物多样性对养活日益增长的人口十分重要。引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，指事情。故填what。
17．helps 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知，拥有多种多样的植物也有助于防止可能发生的农作物病害和未来的危机。此处陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时。“having a large variety ...future crises”是宾语从句，动名词短语作主语时，谓语动词应用单数形式。故填helps。
18．largest 考查形容词的最高级。“one of＋形容词的最高级＋复数名词”是固定用法，意为“最……的……之一”。故填largest。
19．permanently 考查副词。此处应用副词修饰动词disappear。故填permanently。
20．that/which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是“collection of genes”，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用that或which引导该从句。
21．activities 考查名词的复数。此处指人类活动，activity意为“活动”时是可数名词，此处应用其复数形式。故填activities。
22．for 考查介词。be responsible for是固定搭配，意为“对……负责”。
23．starvation 考查名词。save sb.from＋名词是固定用法，意为“把某人从……中拯救出来”。故填starvation。
24．to control 考查非谓语动词。此处动词不定式表示目的，故填to control。
25．another 考查形容词。根据语境可知，使用化学品的一个结果是农作物长得更大，质量更高，但另一个结果是失去了一些传统的农作物。another是形容词，修饰空格后的名词result，意为“另一个”，符合语境。Section Ⅳ
一、阅读单词——知其义
1．an urban farm 一个__________农场
2.
3．a railway tunnel 一条铁路__________
4．wheat farmers __________种植户
5．a wine with a fruit flavour 有水果______的葡萄酒
6．chemical fertilisers __________________
7．alleviate world hunger __________世界饥荒
8．organic farming __________农业
9．at the local grocery 在当地的__________
二、重点单词——写其形
1．receive __________ support 得到普遍支持
2.
3．an __________part必不可少的一部分
4．a glass of __________water 一杯矿泉水
5.
6．in most __________ 在多数情况下
7．the __________ of the problem 问题的根源
8．all ________ of city life城市生活的各个方面
9．live in __________ 生活于贫困之中
三、活用单词——悉其变
1.
2.
3.
4.
四、拓展构词——明其规(依据规律串记单词)
1．extension：以“ sion”结尾的名词
①conclusion 结论；结束
②confusion 混乱
③expression 词语；表达方式
④revision 修正；复习
2．depth：以“ th”结尾的名词
①length 长度 ②strength 力量
③warmth 温暖 ④width 宽度
五、高级词块——通其用
1．______________ 利用
2．______________ 适应
3．______________ 在使用；被使用
4．______________ 相应地；转而；轮流；依次
5．______________ 对……造成损害
6．______________ 富含……；……含量高
7．______________ 转向
8．______________ 关注；聚焦
9．______________ 例如；比如
10．______________ 阻止……做……
一、重点词汇
1. This affects the crops grown on the land and, in turn, the animals and humans who digest them.这会影响土里种植的作物，继而影响消化这些作物的人畜。
★in turn相应地；转而；依次；轮流
|用|法|感|知|
In the past it was our parents and teachers that helped us in many aspects and in turn, we should give a helping hand to them from now on.
过去是我们的父母和老师在很多方面帮助了我们，反过来，我们应该从现在开始帮助他们。
The audience reacted warmly and excitedly as each of the students spoke in turn.
当每个学生轮流发言时，听众反应热烈而兴奋。
[归纳点拨]
in one's turn 轮到某人
by turns 轮流地；交替地
take turns (to do sth.) 轮流(做某事)
It's one's turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事
|应|用|融|会|
(单句语法填空/句型转换)
①Now that we have finished the design, it is __________ their turn to construct the bridge.
②It's my turn __________ (drive) the kids to school this week.
③Bernard and John sold popcorn in the market by turns.
→Bernard and John ________________________________________. (用take turns改写)
[名师点津] (1)in turn表示“轮流；转而”，而in return (for)则表示“作为(对……)报答；回报”。
(2)by turns和take turns中的turn用复数形式。
2．They may look beautiful on the outside, but inside there is usually more water than essential minerals, and they often have less flavour as well.此类作物外表靓丽，而内里却经常是水分多于必需矿物质，并且往往口感较差。
★essential adj.完全必要的；极其重要的
|用|法|感|知|
For another, fashion is an essential part of our life, which doesn't conflict with our studies.另一方面，时尚是我们生活的重要组成部分，与我们的学习并不冲突。
(“传统文化”类写作佳句)In reality, learning about the history of the Tang Dynasty is essential to/for your learning Tang poems.
实际上，了解唐朝的历史对你学习唐诗很重要。
[归纳点拨]
be essential to/for 对……很重要
It is essential that ...(should) do ... 做……是完全必要的
It is essential for sb to do ... 对某人来说做……是完全必要的
|应|用|融|会|(一句多译)
各个国家完全有必要彼此合作制订可行的有关海洋保护的计划。
①It is essential ______________________________________________________ to work out practical plans regarding ocean protection.
②It is essential ____________________________________________ to work out practical plans regarding ocean protection.
3. As an alternative, some farmers have switched to organic farming, and many customers have turned to organic food when they shop at the local grocery.作为一种替代方法，有些农民已经转向有机耕作，而且许多消费者在当地食杂店购物时，也转而选择有机食品。
★alternative n．可供选择的事物adj.可供替代的；非传统的
|用|法|感|知|
(“环境保护”类写作佳句) To protect the environment, public transportation and walking can be an alternative to private cars.
为了保护环境，公共交通和步行可以成为私家车的替代品。
(主旨升华句)We have no alternative but to face failure bravely and learn from it.我们别无选择，只能勇敢地直面失败并从中吸取教训。
[归纳点拨]
(1)have no alternative/choice but to do sth.
＝can do nothing but do sth. 别无选择只能做某事
an alternative to ... ……的替代物(to是介词)
there's no alternative ... ……别无选择
(2)alternatively adv. 不；或者
|应|用|融|会|
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①It was so serious a matter that I had no alternative but __________ (call) the police.
②The Internet also provides us with a cheap alternative to __________(communicate) with others.
③I didn't know how to deal with the problem, so I ________________________________.
我不知道该如何处理这个问题，所以我别无选择，只好向你求助。
二、经典句式
1. As for chemical fertilisers, crops grown with them usually grow too fast to be rich in nutrition.至于化学肥料，用其施肥的作物通常生长过快而营养不足。
too ...to ...意为“太……而不能……”，表示否定含义。此结构在以下情况中也可表示肯定意义：
(1)too 后跟 anxious, eager, glad, happy, pleased, ready, willing等表示心情、心理活动状态或心理倾向的形容词时；
(2)too 前有 but, only, all等词对其进行修饰时；
(3)否定词 not, never等用在too前时。
“两层级”学通用活句式
(1)通过“句法训练”弄明句式结构
(单句语法填空/同义句转换)
①From my point of view, Jane was too young ____________ (proceed) with the next job.
②It is generally believed that you can't be ____________ careful when crossing the street.
③She was so excited that she couldn't utter a word when she heard the news.
→She was ________________________ when she heard the news.(用too ...to ...改写)
(2)通过“句式仿写”做到熟练运用
④被问话的时候，他太震惊了，不能描述发生了什么。
When questioned, he was ________________________ an account of what had happened.
⑤当老师让我回答问题时，我总是紧张得回答不出来，这让我很难过。
When the teacher asked me to answer a question, I was always _____________________， which made me very sad.
2．For example, pesticides can damage the land by killing not only harmful bacteria and insects, but also helpful ones.
本句使用了递进用语“not only ...but also ...”，表示“不但……而且……”。在写作中注意巧妙而准确地利用它，以使句子整齐对称，从而为自己的作文增加亮点。
|应|用|融|会|(完成句子)
①You ________________________________________________， but also frankly shared your learning experience with me.
你不仅致力于提高我的英语口语和英语写作水平，还坦率地与我分享了你的学习经验。
②____________________________________， but I will also gain some social experience through the job.(倒装结构)
通过做这份工作，我不仅可以赚许多钱，而且还能获得一些社会经验。
教材听力“再利用”
一、由听力厚积语料库
1．World Food Day ______________
2．eliminate world hunger ______________
3．eat enough nutritious food ______________
4．develop sustainable agriculture ______________
5．______________ 主要因素
6．______________ 挨饿
7．______________ 全球冲突
二、教材录音材料的发掘训练
1．According to the host, what will David Bond talk about today？( )
A．An explanation about FAO.
B．His career and experience.
C．World hunger.
2．What does FAO think about nutritious food？( )
A．About 11% of the population can afford nutritious food.
B．People can't afford or don't have access to nutritious food.
C．The rich have the right to nutritious food.
3．What does FAO do to alleviate world hunger？( )
A．It makes efforts to reduce climate change to alleviate world hunger.
B．It runs a project called Climate Smart Agriculture to develop sustainable agriculture.
C．It creates hybrid rice which can greatly improve rice production.
4．What can we individuals do to alleviate world hunger in daily life？( )
A．We can eat hybrid rice in our daily life.
B．We can take part in the project named Climate Smart Agriculture.
C．We can buy food that supports the environment and never waste food.
三、依据教材听力完成句子
1．And our aim is simple — to eliminate world hunger, which, ______________________， stands at around 11% of the world's population.
2．So I guess things like droughts, ________， and __________ are all major factors in this.
3．I've seen many researchers say that it directly leads to ______________________.
4．Our research indicates that wars can ____________________ food production and transportation, meaning that ____________ people have to go hungry.
四、主题表达训练
请选用以下本单元听力材料中“世界粮食日”相关的词汇，谈谈作为中学生，我们平时应该怎么节约粮食。
alleviate world hunger， for example， make efforts， go hungry， make a difference， as individuals
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
听力素养“漫养成”
|掌握规律技法|
识别支撑性信息
在听力文本中，当人们提出重要的事实或观点时，他们通常会给出相关事实或数据来支持他们的主张。找出支撑性的信息内容，也就理解了整段对话或独白的核心内容。这种信息通常在句子的开头提到，听材料时要特别留意 “report, research, studies, figures, findings”等关键词。
[典例] Q：What can we learn from the passage
A．DIY is a waste of money.
B．It's always difficult to DIY.
C．We should be careful while doing DIY.
[听力原文]
W：DIY, or Do It Yourself, is quite popular in the UK.Lots of stores and supermarkets sell DIY things.TV programmes show people how to DIY.English people like DIY.There is a huge market for DIY furniture, people need to put together themselves with a few basic tools.However, people often find it not easy to build a piece of furniture because they can't understand the instructions.Sometimes the instructions are simple and clear, but the furniture itself is difficult to build.DIY can also be dangerous.For example, anything electrical should be done by a professional worker.Unluckily, many people don't care about this warning and put themselves in danger.It is reported that in just one year over 230,000 people were hurt while doing DIY in UK, including 41,000 who fell off ladders.
[分析] 听力原文中的“DIY can also be dangerous ”说明DIY的危险性。下文“It is reported that in just one year over 230,000 people were hurt while doing DIY in UK, including 41,000 who fell off ladders.”是支撑性证据，故选C项。
|多积主题表达|
“农业科学研究”场景听力表达
1．organic farming 有机农业
2．go hungry 挨饿
3．get rid of 去掉
4．build up a new farming method 开发一种新的耕作方法
5．free from bacteria and pests 免受细菌和害虫的伤害
6．year after year 年复一年
7．one of China's most famous scientists 中国最著名的科学家之一
8．do research 做研究
9．go against nature 违背自然规律
10．avoid damaging the environment 避免破坏环境
11．concentrate one's attention on 集中精力于……
12．Reusing waste can make the environment around us cleaner and cleaner.
废物的再利用可以使我们周围的环境越来越干净。
13．There are some traditional farmers left who still make cheese the old fashioned way.
还有一些传统的农场主仍旧在用老式的方法制作奶酪。
14．China has the largest irrigated area of the farmland in the world and grows more than a third of the crops of the world.
中国拥有世界上最大的农田灌溉面积，种植的作物占世界的三分之一以上。
Section Ⅳ
课前词汇默写
一、1.城市 2.①炸弹 ②轰炸 3.隧道 4.小麦 5.味道
6．化学肥料 7.减轻 8.有机 9.杂货店
二、1.widespread 2.①digest ②digest 3.essential
4．mineral 5.①alternative ②alternative 6.instances
7．root 8.aspects 9.poverty
三、1.①extension ②extend 2.①nutritional ②nutrition
3．①entirely ②entire 4.①depth ②deep
五、1.make use of 2.adapt to 3.in use 4.in turn
5．cause damage to 6.be rich in 7.switch to 8.focus on
9．for instance 10.keep ...from doing ...
新知深化学习
一、重点词汇
1．①in ②to drive ③took turns to sell popcorn in the market
2．①that countries (should) team up with one another
②for countries to team up with one another
3．①to call ②communicating
③had no alternative but to turn to you for help
二、经典句式
1．①to proceed ②too ③too excited to utter a word
④too shocked to give ⑤too nervous to answer it
2．①not only devoted yourself to improving my oral English and English writing ②Not only will I earn much money
听力发掘训练
一、1.世界粮食日 2.消除世界饥饿 3.吃有足够营养的食物 4.发展可持续农业 5.major factors 6.go hungry
7．global conflict
二、1～4 CBBC
三、1.according to our latest figures 2.floods; climate change 3.mass hunger 4.heavily affect; millions of
四、On the one hand, we should start it with ourselves to save food. For example, do not order too much, pack up the leftovers, and don't be particular about food.On the other hand, we can persuade others to join the fight with us.Tough and big as the task is, I'm sure, with everyone doing his bit, we as individuals will make a difference and change the present situation for the better.
8 / 8UNIT 5 课时检测(四) 语言技能一课过
第Ⅰ卷 语言基础训练
(一)单词拼写(10分)
(1)The __________ (隧道) project has already fallen behind schedule.
(2)Some of the diseases of middle age may be prevented by improving ____________ (营养)．
(3)There doesn't seem to be an ________________ (可供替代的) solution.
(4)There is ________________ (广泛的) support for the new proposals.
(5)Most authorities agree that play is an ____________________ (极其重要的) part of a child's development.
(6)As we all know, plants in desert usually have long __________ (根)．
(7)Technological change is everywhere and affects every __________ (方面) of life.
(8)Our country is rich in ____________ (矿物) resources.
(9)At first glance, ______________ (有机的) farming looks much more expensive for the farmer.
(10)__________ (贫穷) is less of a problem now than it used to be.
(二)单句语法填空(16分)
(11)They are not ______________ (entire) happy with his criticism.
(12)He arrived at the station, only __________ (find) that the train had gone.
(13)We felt at home with her and were impressed with the __________ (deep) of her knowledge.
(14)We had no other alternative but __________ (fight) for freedom.
(15)More highways have been built, __________ (make) it more convenient for people to travel around China.
(16)It is estimated that the new version of this dictionary will be __________ use next month.
(17)The change of the climate makes the Earth warmer.__________ turn, the warmth of the Earth changes the climate, too.
(18)Don't worry.In most ____________ (instance)，the pain will soon go away.
(三)完成句子(10分)
(19)大自然为我们的祖国提供了丰富的自然宝藏，使之成为我们幸福的家园。(现在分词短语作结果状语)
Nature has provided our country with wealthy natural treasures, ___________________.
(20)正如你知道的，打乒乓球不仅能增强你的体质，而且能塑造你的性格。(not only ...but also ...倒装句)
As you know，________________________________________________________， but it can also shape your character.
(21)他拒绝了我，这让我不知所措。(make＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
He turned me down, ________________________________________.
(22)我别无选择，只能请几天假。(alternative)
I ______________________________________________________ a few days' leave.
(23)这个女孩太腼腆，不敢向任何人求助。(too ...to)
The girl is ________________________________ anyone for help.
第Ⅱ卷 语篇综合训练
(选择题在答题区内作答，主观题在题后作答)
(一)完形填空
Caring 17 year old, Lauren Schroeder, was inspired to help bring healthy food to needy families in her community.When she was just 14, she volunteered at a local __1__ to help fill boxes for people in need with canned and packaged food.She felt something was missing：fresh vegetables.“I thought it would be great to __2__ that，” Lauren told the Washington Post about her motivation to grow and __3__ homegrown produce.,
1．A.factory B．school
C．shelter D．shop
2．A.examine B．tolerate
C．discover D．change
3．A.donate B．promote
C．purchase D．process
This __4__ teen then told her parents of her desire to start a garden on their family farm.Initially, while proud of her daughter's __5__， Lauren's mother, Katie, admitted to some __6__， wondering how much work this would mean.
Coming from a farming family, Lauren had some __7__ with agriculture, but she had never tried growing __8__ at scale (规模)．She __9__ plants online, checking the instructions on how to take care of each crop.She then secured a __10__ from the National FFA Organization, which supports __11__ education, to cover seeds (种子) and gardening supplies.
And importantly, Lauren didn't __12__ from hard work.During Iowa's hot and dry summers, she had to __13__ her crops for around three hours daily.She also __14__ checked for harmful insects, and bent down to pick her green bean crop, the most challenging vegetable to harvest in her opinion.
With assistance from her family, Lauren has donated more than 7,000 pounds of homegrown produce in the past two years.She has also won the __15__ of her community.,
4．A.honey mouthed B．kind hearted
C．good mannered D．open minded
5．A.reputation B．hobby
C．vision D．agenda
6．A.mistakes B．truths
C．regrets D．concerns
7．A.familiarity B．difficulty
C．doubt D．patience
8．A.fruits B．vegetables
C．grains D．trees
9．A.mentioned B．shared
C．ranked D．researched
10．A.title B．place
C．fund D．plan
11．A.agricultural B．cultural
C．environmental D．special
12．A.fall off B．set apart
C．shy away D．go back
13．A.gather B．water
C．observe D．plant
14．A.frequently B．impatiently
C．occasionally D．leisurely
15．A.interest B．admiration
C．welfare D．competition
(二)语法填空(15分)
According to agricultural experts, 16.________ is important to feed the increasing population of our planet is crop diversity.They say having a large variety of plants also 17.________ (help) to protect against possible crop diseases and future crises.But many experts say the number has decreased sharply during the past century.
One of the world's 18.____________ (large) seed conservation projects has predicted further losses.The Millennium Seed Bank Partnership is warning that up to one hundred thousand plant species could 19.________________ (permanent) disappear.The rich collection of genes 20.________ decide their qualities would disappear with them.
Many experts blame climate change, loss of habitat and normal growth area for damaging plant life.They say human 21.__________________ (activity) and poorly planned, overly heavy use of land are also responsible.Modern business farming is responsible 22.________ loss of farmers' traditional crop varieties.The “Green Revolution” of the twentieth century changed agriculture.Some experts say the use of modern commercial farming methods saved millions of people from 23.________________ (starve)．Farmers planted, watered, and fertilised their crops with the help of machines.They treated their fields with chemicals 24.________________ (control) diseases and insects.Harvests grew larger and higher quality, but 25.________ result was that some traditional crops were lost.Damage to the environment over the past century makes people believe that crop diversity also suffered.
UNIT 5 课时检测(四)
第Ⅰ卷 语言基础训练
(一)(1)tunnel (2)nutrition (3)alternative (4)widespread
(5)essential (6)roots (7)aspect (8)mineral (9)organic
(10)Poverty
(二)(11)entirely (12)to find (13)depth (14)to fight
(15)making (16)in (17)In (18)instances
(三)(19)making it a happy home for us
(20)not only can playing ping pong build up your body
(21)which made me at a loss (22)had no alternative but to ask for (23)too shy to ask
第Ⅱ卷 语篇综合训练
(一)完形填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个17岁的女孩Lauren Schroeder受到启发，决定帮助她所在社区的困难家庭获得健康食品的故事。
1．选C 根据上文的“she volunteered”以及空后的“help fill boxes for people in need with canned and packaged food”可推测，Lauren是在当地收容所做志愿者。
2．选D 根据上文“She felt something was missing: fresh vegetables.”可知，Lauren觉得食品中缺少新鲜蔬菜。再根据段首句“Caring 17 year old, Lauren Schroeder, was inspired to help bring healthy food to needy families in her community.”可知，她想改变这一状况。
3．选A 根据最后一段“With assistance from her family, Lauren has donated more than 7,000 pounds of homegrown produce in the past two years.”可知，Lauren种植蔬菜的目的是捐赠给当地有需要的人家。
4．选B 根据上文“Caring 17 year old, Lauren Schroeder, was inspired to help bring healthy food to needy families in her community.”以及“Lauren told the Washington Post about her motivation to grow and ________ homegrown produce.”可知，Lauren是个热心肠的、善良的女孩。
5．选C 根据上文“This ________ teen then told her parents of her desire to start a garden on their family farm.”可知，Lauren将自己的想法告知了父母，由此可知，她的妈妈是为自己女儿的想法感到骄傲。
6．选D 根据空后的“wondering how much work this would mean”可知，Katie对女儿的想法也感到担心，因为她不知道这意味着要做多少工作。
7．选A 根据空前的“Coming from a farming family”可知，Lauren来自农民家庭，由此可知，她对农业还是有点熟悉的。
8．选B 根据上文“fresh vegetables”可知，Lauren并未大规模种植过蔬菜。
9．选D 根据空后的“plants online, checking the instructions on how to take care of each crop”可推测，她是在网上研究如何种植农作物。
10．选C 根据下文的“to cover seeds (种子) and gardening supplies”可知，她从该组织获得资金，用来购买种子和园艺用品。
11．选A 根据上文的“the National FFA Organization”以及空后的“to cover seeds (种子) and gardening supplies”可判断，该组织支持农业教育。
12．选C 根据下文内容“During Iowa's hot and dry summers ...to harvest in her opinion.”可知，Lauren凡事都亲力亲为。由此可知，她从未回避艰苦的工作。
13．选B 根据空前的“During Iowa's hot and dry summers”以及常识可知，在炎热干燥的夏季，她需要给庄稼浇水。
14．选A 根据空后的“checked for harmful insects”可知，她需要频繁地检查有害昆虫。
15．选B 根据空前的“With assistance from her family, Lauren has donated more than 7,000 pounds of homegrown produce in the past two years.”以及全文内容可知，她的善举应该是赢得了社区人们的钦佩。
(二)语法填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了农作物多样性面临的严峻问题。
16．what 考查主语从句。根据语境可知，此处指农作物多样性对养活日益增长的人口十分重要。引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，指事情。故填what。
17．helps 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知，拥有多种多样的植物也有助于防止可能发生的农作物病害和未来的危机。此处陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时。“having a large variety ...future crises”是宾语从句，动名词短语作主语时，谓语动词应用单数形式。故填helps。
18．largest 考查形容词的最高级。“one of＋形容词的最高级＋复数名词”是固定用法，意为“最……的……之一”。故填largest。
19．permanently 考查副词。此处应用副词修饰动词disappear。故填permanently。
20．that/which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是“collection of genes”，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用that或which引导该从句。
21．activities 考查名词的复数。此处指人类活动，activity意为“活动”时是可数名词，此处应用其复数形式。故填activities。
22．for 考查介词。be responsible for是固定搭配，意为“对……负责”。
23．starvation 考查名词。save sb.from＋名词是固定用法，意为“把某人从……中拯救出来”。故填starvation。
24．to control 考查非谓语动词。此处动词不定式表示目的，故填to control。
25．another 考查形容词。根据语境可知，使用化学品的一个结果是农作物长得更大，质量更高，但另一个结果是失去了一些传统的农作物。another是形容词，修饰空格后的名词result，意为“另一个”，符合语境。
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