Unit 3 Better you, better me! 知识清单（含书面表达和句式总结）【翼教2024版八上英语】

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Unit 3 Better you, better me! 知识清单
内容提要:
一、重要词汇讲解（按词性归纳）
二、重要词组搭配
三、单元语法解析
四、单元书面表达写作指导（词汇、句式、参考范文、写作模板） 五、练习题（词汇应用+写作练习）
一、重要词汇讲解
（一）动词
1.describe /d skra b/v. 描述；形容
课文例句：We are supposed to describe ourselves in a report.
（我们应该在报告中描述自己。）
be supposed to do sth. 应该做某事
补充例句：Can you describe what the thief looks like
（你能描述一下小偷长什么样吗？）
2.shoot / u t/v. 投篮；发射
课文例句：I practiced shooting 100 more times every day to improve my abilities.（我每天多练习投篮 100 次来提高我的能力。）practice doing sth.
练习做
补充例句：The hunter shot the bird in the tree.
（猎人射中了树上的鸟。）
shoot 过去式为 shot
3.continue /k n t nju /v. 继续；持续
课文例句：My parents want me to study medicine, but I want to continue with physical education.（我父母想让我学医，但我想继续学习体育。）
补充例句：Despite the rain, the workers continued their work.
（尽管下雨，工人们还是继续工作。）
4.organise / ɡ na z/v. 组织；安排
课文例句：Last year, our school organised a talent show.
（去年，我们学校组织了一场才艺表演。）
补充例句：She is good at organising activities for the class.
（她擅长为班级组织活动。）
be good at doing sth.擅长做某事
5.perform /p f m/v. 表演；履行
课文例句：I performed in front of my family and friends.
（我在家人和朋友面前表演。）
补充例句：The actor will perform a new play next month.
（这位演员下个月将出演一部新剧。）
6.encourage / n k r d /v. 鼓励；激励
课文例句：They all encouraged me.（他们都鼓励我。）
补充例句：My teacher always encourages us to ask questions.
（我的老师总是鼓励我们提问。）
7.finish / f n /v. 完成；结束；用完
课文例句：When I finished singing, my friends cheered for me.
（当我唱完时，我的朋友们为我欢呼。）
finish doing sth.做完某事
补充例句：He finished his homework before dinner.
（他在晚饭前完成了作业。）
（二）名词
1.bit /b t/n. 有点；小量
课文例句：I'm finding it a bit challenging.（我发现这有点挑战性。）
补充例句：There's a bit of milk left in the bottle.（瓶子里还剩一点牛奶。）
2.strength /stre θ/n. 长处；力量；强度
课文例句：First, think of your personal strengths.（首先，想想你的个人长处。）
补充例句：He has the strength to lift this heavy box.
（他有力量举起这个重箱子。）
have the strength to do sth. 有力量做模式
3.talent / t l nt/n. 才能；天资
课文例句：In your report, write about your special talents too.
（在你的报告中，也要写下你的特殊才能。）
补充例句：She has a talent for music.（她有音乐天赋。）
a talent for sth.有某种天赋
4.championship / t mpi n p/n. 冠军
课文例句：I'm proud of winning the ping-pong championship in our last school sports event.（我为在上次学校体育比赛中赢得乒乓球冠军而自豪。）
be proud of doing sth.
补充例句：He won the world championship in swimming.
（他赢得了世界游泳冠军。）win the championship in sth.在某件事某个领域赢得冠军
5.ability / b l ti/n. 能力；才能；本领
课文例句：I practiced shooting 100 more times every day to improve my abilities.
（我每天多练习投篮 100 次来提高我的能力。）
ability 变复数abilities
补充例句：His ability to solve problems is very strong.（他解决问题的能力很强。）
6.opera / pr /n. 歌剧；歌剧院
课文例句：My name is Lin Lin, and I really enjoy singing Beijing opera.
（我叫林林，我非常喜欢唱京剧。）
enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事
补充例句：She went to the opera last night.（她昨晚去看歌剧了。）
7.stage /ste d /n. 舞台；阶段；步骤
课文例句：I stood on the central stage and saw my friends waving at me.
（我站在中央舞台上，看到我的朋友们向我挥手。）
wave at sb.向某人挥手
补充例句：The project is now in the planning stage.（这个项目现在处于规划阶段。）
8.mistake /m ste k/n. 错误；失误
课文例句：I just failed my English exam. I made too many spelling mistakes.
（我英语考试不及格，我犯了太多拼写错误。）
补充例句：We all make mistakes in our lives.
（我们在生活中都会犯错。）
make mistakes 犯错
（三）形容词
1.challenging / t l nd /adj. 挑战性的
课文例句：I'm finding it a bit challenging.（我发现这有点挑战性。）
补充例句：This is a challenging task, but I'm ready for it.
（这是一项具有挑战性的任务，但我准备好了。）
be ready for sth.为……做好准备
2.unique /ju ni k/adj. 独特的；唯一的
课文例句：Everyone is unique. What makes you unique
（每个人都是独特的。是什么让你与众不同？）
补充例句：This painting has a unique style.
（这幅画有独特的风格。）
3.personal / p s nl/adj. 个人的；私人的
课文例句：You can write about your personal strengths and special talents.
（你可以写下你的个人长处和特殊才能。）
补充例句：This is my personal opinion.（这是我的个人观点。）
4.musical / mju z kl/adj. 音乐的
课文例句：I'm good at playing the erhu, a traditional Chinese musical instrument.
（我擅长拉二胡，一种中国传统乐器。）
补充例句：She has a musical family.（她来自一个音乐世家。）
5.strict /str kt/adj. 要求严格的；严厉的
课文例句：But I was strict with myself.
（但我对自己要求严格。）
be strict with sb.对某人严格
补充例句：My teacher is very strict with us.（我的老师对我们非常严格。）
6.confident / k nf d nt/adj. 自信的
课文例句：I didn't feel confident enough to do that.
（我觉得自己没有足够的信心去做那件事。）
补充例句：She is confident about her future.
（她对自己的未来充满信心。）
be confident about sth. 对某事有信心
7.nervous / n v s/adj. 紧张不安的
课文例句：I was nervous about singing in front of all my classmates.
（我在全班同学面前唱歌很紧张。）
be nervous about doing sth.做某事很紧张
补充例句：He gets nervous before an exam.（他考试前会紧张。）
8.perfect / p f kt/adj. 完美的；最好的
课文例句：Practice makes perfect.（熟能生巧。）
补充例句：This is a perfect solution to the problem.（这是解决这个问题的完美方案。）
9.teenage / ti ne d /adj. 十几岁的
课文例句：I'm a teenage student.（我是一名十几岁的学生。）
补充例句：She is in her teenage years.（她正处于十几岁的年纪。）
10.average / v r d /adj. 平均的；普通的
课文例句：I get average grades in all my subjects except English.
（除了英语，我所有科目成绩都一般。）
补充例句：The average temperature here in summer is 25℃.
（这里夏天的平均气温是 25 摄氏度。）
11.stupid / stju p d/adj. 糊涂的；笨的
课文例句：But sometimes I make stupid mistakes.（但有时我会犯愚蠢的错误。）
补充例句：It's stupid of you to do such a thing.
（你做这样的事真愚蠢。）
it’s stupid of sb to do sth.某人做某事是愚蠢的
12.impossible / m p s bl/adj. 不可能的
课文例句：I want to be like her, but I know that's impossible.
（我想成为她那样的人，但我知道那是不可能的。）
补充例句：It's impossible to finish this work in one day.
（一天内完成这项工作是不可能的。）
it’s impossible/possible to do sth.做某事是不可能/可能的
It’s +adj.+(for sb.) to do sth.对某人来说，做某事是怎么样的
13.weak /wi k/adj. （能力）弱的
课文例句：I remember facing my final challenge, feeling weak.
（我记得面对最后挑战时，感觉很无力。）
补充例句：My English listening is weak, so I need to practice more.
（我的英语听力很弱，所以我需要多练习。）
（四）副词
gradually / ɡr d u li/adv. 逐渐地
课文例句：Gradually, I became the best shooter on the team.
（渐渐地，我成为了球队中最好的射手。）
补充例句：The weather is gradually getting warmer.（天气逐渐变暖。）
（五）代词
nobody / n b di/pron. 没有人
课文例句：Nobody else in my school comes from Greece!
（我们学校没有其他人来自希腊！）
补充例句：Nobody knows the answer to this question.
（没有人知道这个问题的答案。）
（六）介词
1.against / ɡenst/prep. 反对；违反；对抗
课文例句：Once we played against a team from another city.
（有一次我们和来自另一个城市的球队比赛。）
补充例句：Are you for or against this plan （你是支持还是反对这个计划？）
2.except / k sept/prep. 除外
课文例句：I get average grades in all my subjects except English.
（除了英语，我所有科目成绩都一般。）
补充例句：Everyone went to the park except me.（除了我，每个人都去了公园。）
二、重要词组搭配用法解析
1.come up with 想出；提出（主意、计划等）
课文例句：Maybe I can help you come up with some ideas.
（也许我可以帮你想出一些主意。）
补充例句：He came up with a good plan to solve the problem.
（他想出了一个解决问题的好计划。）
2.be good at 擅长
课文例句：I'm good at playing the erhu, a traditional Chinese musical instrument.
（我擅长拉二胡，一种中国传统乐器。）
be good at doing sth.
补充例句：She is good at dancing.（她擅长跳舞。）
3.be proud of 为…… 感到自豪
课文例句：I'm proud of winning the ping-pong championship in our last school sports event.（我为在上次学校体育比赛中赢得乒乓球冠军而自豪。）
补充例句：We are proud of our country's development.
（我们为祖国的发展感到自豪。）
4.be strict with 对…… 严格要求
课文例句：But I was strict with myself.（但我对自己要求严格。）
补充例句：Parents should be strict with their children.（父母应该对孩子严格要求。）
5.practice doing sth. 练习做某事
课文例句：I practiced shooting 100 more times every day to improve my abilities.
（我每天多练习投篮 100 次来提高我的能力。）
补充例句：He practices speaking English every morning.（他每天早上练习说英语。）
6.play against 与…… 比赛
课文例句：Once we played against a team from another city.
（有一次我们和来自另一个城市的球队比赛。）
补充例句：Our school team will play against theirs next week.
（我们校队下周将和他们校队比赛。）
7.dream of 梦想；幻想
课文例句：From then on, I started dreaming of becoming an opera singer.
（从那时起，我开始梦想成为一名歌剧演员。）
start doing sth. dream of doing
补充例句：She dreams of being a famous singer.（她梦想成为一名著名歌手。）
8.encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事
例句：The teacher encourages us to read more books.（老师鼓励我们多读书。）
9.make mistakes 犯错误
课文例句：I just failed my English exam. I made too many spelling mistakes.
（我英语考试不及格，我犯了太多拼写错误。）
补充例句：Don't be afraid to make mistakes when you learn a new language.
（学习新语言时不要害怕犯错。）
10.learn from 向…… 学习；从…… 中吸取教训
课文例句：Don't be too hard on yourself. We all make mistakes. The important thing is to learn from them.（不要对自己太苛刻。我们都会犯错。重要的是从中吸取教训。）
补充例句：We should learn from each other's strengths.
（我们应该学习彼此的长处。）
三、单元语法知识讲解
（一）复合句（Compound Sentence）
1.定义：由两个或两个以上的独立分句或句子组成，通常由并列连词 and、but、or、so 等连接。
2.用法
and：表示并列、顺承或递进关系。
课文例句：My name is Lin Lin, and I really enjoy singing Beijing opera.
（我叫林林，我非常喜欢唱京剧。）
补充例句：She is kind and helpful.（她善良且乐于助人。）
but：表示转折关系。
课文例句：I wanted to sing, but I didn't feel confident enough to do that.
（我想唱歌，但我觉得自己没有足够的信心去做那件事。）
补充例句：He is rich but not happy.（他很富有但不快乐。）
or：表示选择关系。
补充例句：You can stay at home or go out with us.
（你可以待在家里，或者和我们一起出去。）
so：表示因果关系，“所以”。
补充例句：It was raining heavily, so we decided to stay at home.
（雨下得很大，所以我们决定待在家里。）
（二）反身代词（Reflexive Pronouns）
1.定义：表示反射或强调的代词，常见的有 myself、yourself、himself、herself、itself、ourselves、yourselves、themselves。
2.用法
作宾语，动作的执行者和承受者是同一人或物。
补充例句：She teaches herself English.（她自学英语。）
作同位语，用来加强语气，强调某人自己。
补充例句：I myself saw the accident.（我自己亲眼看到了那场事故。）
四、本单元写作指导
（一）写作相关词汇词组
1.自我描述词汇
性格特点：kind（善良的）、honest（诚实的）、outgoing（外向的）、shy（害羞的）、friendly（友好的）、active（积极的）、open-minded（思想开放的）
能力与特长：good at（擅长）、talented in（在…… 有天赋）、skilled in（在…… 熟练）、able to（能够）、have a gift for（有…… 天赋）
2.活动与经历词汇
学习活动：study hard（努力学习）、pass the exam（通过考试）、fail the exam（考试不及格）、make progress（取得进步）、learn from mistakes（从错误中学习）
才艺活动：sing（唱歌）、dance（跳舞）、play an instrument（演奏乐器）、perform on stage（在舞台上表演）、take part in a talent show（参加才艺表演）
体育活动：play basketball（打篮球）、play ping-pong（打乒乓球）、join the school team（加入校队）、win a championship（赢得冠军
）、participate in a sports meeting（参加运动会）、practice regularly（定期练习）
3.情感与态度词汇
积极情感：proud（自豪的）、confident（自信的）、happy（快乐的）、excited（兴奋的）、satisfied（满意的）
消极情感：nervous（紧张的）、worried（担心的）、disappointed（失望的）、sad（难过的）、frustrated（沮丧的）
（二）高分句式句型
1. I am good at... and I often... （我擅长…… 并且我经常……）
例句：I am good at playing the piano and I often perform at school events.
2. My personal strength is that... （我的个人长处是……）
例句：My personal strength is that I am very persistent and never give up easily.
3. I once... which made me... （我曾经…… 这让我……）
例句：I once won the first prize in a singing competition, which made me very proud.
4. Although I... I still... （虽然我…… 但我仍然……）
例句：Although I am a bit shy, I still try to take part in various activities.
5. It is important for me to... because... （…… 对我来说很重要，因为……）
例句：It is important for me to learn from my mistakes because it helps me make progress.
（三）参考范文
My Self-Introduction
Hello, everyone. My name is Zhang Wei, a 15-year-old student in Grade 8.
I am an outgoing and friendly boy. I always try to help my classmates when they are in trouble, so I have many good friends. When it comes to my personal strengths, I think persistence is one of them. Once I set a goal, I will keep working hard until I achieve it.
I have a few talents. I am good at playing basketball. I joined the school basketball team last year. Every day after school, I practice playing with my teammates. We once played against a strong team from another school. Although we were nervous at first, we tried our best. Finally, we won the game, and I was proud of our team. Besides, I have a gift for playing the guitar. I taught myself to play it when I was 12. Now I can play many popular songs. Sometimes I play the guitar for my friends at parties, and they all say I play well.
In my studies, I work hard, but I used to be weak in math. I often made mistakes in math exams, which made me worried. However, I didn't give up. I asked my teacher for help and practiced solving math problems every day. Gradually, I made progress. Now my math grades are getting better.
I believe that as long as I keep working hard, I will become better and better. I am looking forward to having a wonderful school life in the future.
（四）写作模板
自我描述类写作模板
开头：介绍基本信息（姓名、年龄、年级等）
My name is [姓名], and I am a [年龄]-year-old student in Grade [年级].
中间：描述性格、长处、才艺、经历等
I am a [性格特点] person. I like to [爱好或经常做的事].
One of my personal strengths is [长处]. For example, [举例说明].
I am good at [才艺或技能]. I [相关经历，例：joined a club/participated in a competition].
During that time, [经历的过程和感受].
In my studies, I [学习情况，如：work hard/am good at.../need to improve in...].
[学习上的经历，如：I failed an exam, but I learned from it and made progress].
结尾：表达信念或对未来的期待
I believe that [信念，如：hard work can lead to success].
I am looking forward to [对未来的期待，如：becoming a better person/achieving my goals].
五、相关练习题
（一）词汇练习题
1. 根据句意及首字母提示写出单词。
He can d______ the beautiful scenery in detail.
She has a t______ for painting.
We should learn from our m______.
The team won the c______ in the sports meeting.
It is c______ of him to help the old lady cross the road.
2.用所给单词的适当形式填空。
She practices ______ (play) the piano every day.
He is ______ (confidence) that he can pass the exam.
My teacher encourages me ______ (study) harder.
We are proud of ______ (win) the game.
Everyone makes mistakes. The important thing is ______ (learn) from them.
（二）词组练习题
1. 从方框中选择合适的词组填空，使句子完整通顺。
be good at, be proud of, come up with, learn from, make mistakes
He ______ playing football and often helps his team win.
The little boy ______ a clever idea to solve the problem.
We should ______ each other to improve ourselves.
She ______ her daughter's achievements.
Don't be afraid to ______ when you learn a new language.
（三）语法练习题
1. 判断下列句子是否为复合句，若是，请指出并列连词及分句之间的关系。
I like singing, and my sister likes dancing.
He is tired, but he still goes on working.
You can go by bus or take a taxi.
It was raining, so we stayed at home.
She studies hard every day.
用反身代词填空。
The little girl can dress ______.
We should believe in ______.
He ______ told me the news.
The children enjoyed ______ at the party.
My parents always ask me to do my homework by ______.
（四）写作练习题
根据本单元写作模板，写一篇关于自我描述的短文，要求包含你的基本信息、性格特点、长处、才艺、学习情况以及对未来的期待。
练习题答案解析
词汇练习题
根据句意及首字母提示写出单词
describe：“他能详细地描述美丽的风景”，结合首字母 “d” 和 “描述” 的含义，应填 “describe” 。
talent：“她有绘画天赋”，“talent” 表示 “才能；天资”，符合语境和首字母要求。
mistakes：“我们应该从错误中学习”，“mistakes” 是 “mistake” 的复数形式，“make mistakes” 或 “learn from mistakes” 为常见搭配，与句意和首字母匹配。
championship：“这个团队在运动会上赢得了冠军”，“championship” 意为 “冠军” ，符合句子逻辑和首字母提示。
kind：“他帮助老太太过马路，真是善良”，“kind” 表示 “善良的”，形容人的品质，满足句意和首字母条件。
用所给单词的适当形式填空
playing：“practice doing sth.” 是固定用法，意为 “练习做某事”，所以 “play” 要用动名词形式 “playing”，即 “她每天练习弹钢琴”。
confident：“be confident that...” 为固定搭配，“自信地认为……”，这里需要用形容词 “confident”，“他自信能通过考试”。
to study：“encourage sb. to do sth.” 表示 “鼓励某人做某事”，所以 “study” 要用动词不定式形式 “to study”，“我的老师鼓励我更努力学习”。
winning：“be proud of” 中 “of” 是介词，后接动名词，所以 “win” 要变为 “winning”，“我们为赢得比赛感到自豪”。
to learn：“The important thing is to do sth.” 表示 “重要的是做某事”，这里用动词不定式作表语，“每个人都会犯错，重要的是从中吸取教训”。
词组练习题
从方框中选择合适的词组填空，使句子完整通顺
is good at：“他擅长踢足球，经常帮助他的球队获胜”，“be good at” 表示 “擅长”，符合句子语境，主语 “He” 是第三人称单数，be 动词用 “is”。
came up with：“这个小男孩想出了一个解决问题的聪明主意”，“come up with” 意为 “想出；提出”，根据语境可知用一般过去时，“come” 的过去式是 “came”。
learn from：“我们应该互相学习来提高自己”，“learn from” 表示 “向…… 学习”，符合句子逻辑。
is proud of：“她为女儿的成就感到自豪”，“be proud of” 表示 “为…… 感到自豪”，主语 “She” 是第三人称单数，be 动词用 “is”。
make mistakes：“学习一门新语言时不要害怕犯错”，“make mistakes” 表示 “犯错误”，符合句子意思。
语法练习题
判断下列句子是否为复合句，若是，请指出并列连词及分句之间的关系
是复合句，并列连词 “and”，表示并列关系。“I like singing” 和 “my sister likes dancing” 是两个独立的分句，通过 “and” 连接，说明 “我” 和 “我妹妹” 不同的爱好，二者为并列关系 。
是复合句，并列连词 “but”，表示转折关系。“He is tired” 和 “he still goes on working” 是两个分句，“but” 表明前后情况相反，尽管他累了，但仍然继续工作，为转折关系。
是复合句，并列连词 “or”，表示选择关系。“You can go by bus” 和 “take a taxi”（完整形式为 “You can take a taxi”）是两个选择项，“or” 表示在两种出行方式中进行选择 。
是复合句，并列连词 “so”，表示因果关系。“It was raining” 是原因，“we stayed at home” 是结果，“so” 连接表明因为下雨，所以我们待在家里，为因果关系。
不是复合句，该句只有一个主谓结构 “She studies hard”，“every day” 是时间状语，属于简单句。
用反身代词填空
herself：“这个小女孩能自己穿衣服”，“dress oneself” 表示 “给自己穿衣服”，主语是 “The little girl”，对应的反身代词是 “herself”。
ourselves：“我们应该相信自己”，主语是 “We”，反身代词用 “ourselves”。
himself：“他亲自告诉了我这个消息”，“himself” 在这里作同位语，强调是他本人告诉 “我”，加强语气。
themselves：“孩子们在聚会上玩得很开心”，“enjoy oneself” 表示 “玩得开心”，主语是 “The children”，反身代词用 “themselves”。
myself：“我父母总是让我自己做作业”，“by oneself” 表示 “独自地；靠自己”，主语是 “I”，反身代词用 “myself”。
写作题参考范文
My Self-Introduction
Hello! My name is Li Xiaomei, and I am a 14-year-old student in Grade 8. I consider myself a cheerful and optimistic person. I always wear a smile on my face and try to see the bright side of things, which makes it easy for me to make friends with my classmates.
One of my personal strengths is my strong sense of responsibility. Whenever I'm assigned a task, whether it's organizing a group project in class or taking care of my pet at home, I will complete it carefully and on time. For example, last month, I was in charge of collecting homework for our study group. I reminded everyone patiently and made sure all the assignments were submitted correctly. I am good at dancing. I have been learning traditional Chinese dance for five years and have participated in several dance competitions.
The most unforgettable one was last year's city-level dance competition. I was very nervous before going on stage, but as soon as the music started, I focused on every movement. Finally, our team won the second prize. It was an exciting experience that made me more confident in my dancing skills. In my studies, I work quite hard, especially in English. I love reading English stories and watching English movies, which helps me improve my language skills. However, I'm not so good at physics. I often find it difficult to understand some concepts and make mistakes in problem-solving. But I'm not discouraged. I plan to ask my teacher and classmates for help and do more exercises to improve my performance.
I believe that with continuous efforts, I can overcome my weaknesses and become better in all aspects. I'm looking forward to exploring more knowledge and achieving my dreams in the future.