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Unit 5 Work education 知识清单
内容提要:
一、重要词汇讲解(按词性归纳)
二、重要词组搭配
三、单元语法解析及练习题
四、单元书面表达写作指导(词汇、句式、参考范文、写作模板、写作练习)
五、综合练习题
一、重要词汇讲解
(一)动词
leave /li v/ 含义:离开
课文例句:Bill: I have to leave now.(比尔:我现在得走了。)
其他例句:She will leave for Beijing tomorrow.(她明天将动身去北京。)
用法:leave for + 地点表示 “动身去某地”;
leave sth.+ 地点表示 “把某物落在某地”,
如 I left my book at home.(我把书落在家里了。)
prepare /pr pe (r)/ 含义:准备;预备
课文例句:Jenny: I'm going to help my parents prepare dinner.
(珍妮:我要帮父母准备晚餐。)
其他例句:We need to prepare for the exam.(我们需要为考试做准备。)
用法:prepare sth. 表示 “准备某物”;prepare for sth. 表示 “为某事做准备”。
chop /t p/ 含义:切碎;砍
课文例句:Mrs Dino: You can wash the corn... Then chop them carefully.
(迪诺夫人:你可以洗玉米…… 然后小心地切碎它们。)
其他例句:He chopped the wood into small pieces.(他把木头劈成小块。)
用法:chop sth. 表示 “切碎 / 砍某物”,常与 up 连用,chop up sth. 表示 “把某物切碎”。
bend /bend/ 含义:(使四肢等)弯曲
课文例句:The farmer: Take your sickle, bend down, hold the rice stems...(农民:拿起镰刀,弯下腰,握住稻秆……)
其他例句:She bent down to pick up the pen.(她弯腰捡起钢笔。)
用法:bend down 表示 “弯下腰”;bend one's knees 表示 “屈膝”。
deliver /d l v (r)/ 含义:投递;传送;发表
课文例句:On average, Shunyou delivered more than 8,400 newspapers... every year on time.(平均来说,顺友每年按时投递 8400 多份报纸……)
其他例句:The postman delivers letters every morning.
(邮递员每天早上送信。)
用法:deliver sth. to sb. 表示 “把某物递送给某人”。
(二)名词
corn /k n/ 含义:玉米;谷物;谷粒
课文例句:Mrs Dino: You can wash the corn, green beans, cucumbers and onions.(迪诺夫人:你可以洗玉米、青豆、黄瓜和洋葱。)
其他例句:The farmer grows a lot of corn in the field.
(农民在田里种了很多玉米。)
拓展:corn 表示 “玉米” 时,是不可数名词;表示 “谷物” 时,可作可数名词。
knife /na f/ 含义:刀(复数为 knives)
课文例句:Mrs Dino: Just be careful with the knife.
(迪诺夫人:小心刀子。)
其他例句:He used a knife to cut the apple.(他用刀削苹果。)
用法:“一把刀” 是 a knife,“两把刀” 是 two knives。
responsibility /r sp ns b l ti/ 含义:责任
课文例句:Through activities such as doing chores, we learn the value of hard work and develop a sense of responsibility.(通过做家务等活动,我们学会努力工作的价值,培养责任感。)
其他例句:It's our responsibility to protect the environment.
(保护环境是我们的责任。)
拓展:形容词形式是 responsible,be responsible for 表示 “对…… 负责”。
communication /k mju n ke n/ 含义:表达;交流
课文例句:It helps us develop self-confidence, communication skills, and friendships.(它帮助我们培养自信、沟通技巧和友谊。)
其他例句:Good communication is important in a team.
(团队中良好的沟通很重要。)
拓展:动词形式是 communicate,communicate with sb. 表示 “与某人交流”。
service / s v s/ 含义:服务;服役
课文例句:His great service helped the local people stay in touch with the outside world.(他出色的服务帮助当地人与外界保持联系。)
其他例句:The hotel provides good service.(这家酒店提供优质服务。)
拓展:动词形式是 serve,serve sb. 表示 “为某人服务”。
(三)介词
above / b v/ 含义:在上面;超过
课文例句:The farmer: ...cut them at 15-25 centimetres above ground level.(农民:…… 在离地面 15-25 厘米处切断它们。)
其他例句:The moon is above the mountains.(月亮在山的上方。)
辨析:above 表示 “在…… 上方”,不强调垂直;
over 表示 “在…… 正上方”
如 There is a bridge over the river.(河上有一座桥。)
towards /t w dz/ 含义:朝;向;趋向
例句:He walked towards the farm.(他朝农场走去。)
She ran towards her mother.(她朝妈妈跑去。)
用法:后接名词或代词,表方向。
outside / a t sa d/ 含义:在外面;向外面(可作介词、副词、形容词)
例句:We played outside the house.(我们在房子外面玩。)(副词)
He is outside the door.(他在门外。)(介词)
用法:作介词时,后接名词;作副词时,不接宾语;作形容词时,修饰名词。
二、重要词组搭配用法解析
take over 含义:接管;接替
课文例句:At the age of 19, he took over his father's job as a postman.
(19 岁时,他接替了父亲的邮递员工作。)
例句解析:表示接替职位、工作等。
如:She will take over the company next month.(她下个月将接管公司。)
try one's best 含义:尽力
课文例句:But we all tried our best.(但我们都尽了最大努力。)
例句解析:one's 随主语变化
如 He tried his best to win the game.(他尽力赢得比赛。)
at the age of 含义:在…… 岁时
课文例句:At the age of 19, he took over his father's job as a postman.
(19 岁时,他接替了父亲的邮递员工作。)
例句解析:后接数字,相当于 when sb. was...years old。
如:She started school at the age of six.(她六岁开始上学。)
take pride in 含义:为…… 感到自豪
课文例句:Shunyou was happy and proud of his work.(顺友为自己的工作感到高兴和自豪。)(此处为 be proud of,与 take pride in 同义)
例句解析:take pride in=be proud of
如 He takes pride in his daughter's success.(他为女儿的成功感到自豪。)
learn by doing 含义:通过实践学习
,强调在做中学习,
例 We learn English by speaking it.(我们通过说英语来学习英语。)
help with 含义:帮助做……
课文例句:Bill and Jenny help their parents with cleaning and cooking.
(比尔和珍妮帮父母打扫和做饭。)
例句解析:后接名词或代词
如 She helps me with my homework.(她帮我做作业。)
prepare for含义:为…… 做准备
例句:We need to prepare for the harvest.(我们需要为丰收做准备。)
They are preparing for the party.(他们正在为派对做准备。)
be responsible for含义:对…… 负责
课文例句:Students will be divided into three groups and will be responsible for cleaning...(学生将被分成三组,负责打扫……)
补充例句:如 He is responsible for the project.(他负责这个项目。)
三、单元语法知识讲解
本单元重点学习定语(attribute)的用法。
含义:定语是修饰名词或代词的成分,可由形容词、副词、名词、数词、介词短语等充当。
课文例句:
I just experienced a new way of learning called an educational tour.
(called an educational tour 是过去分词短语作定语,修饰 way)
It was an out-of-school activity.
(out-of-school 是形容词作定语,修饰 activity)
We knew nothing about using a sickle before.
(using a sickle 是动名词短语作定语,修饰 nothing)
其他例句:
The red apple is mine.(red 是形容词作定语)
He is a boy with a smile.(with a smile 是介词短语作定语)
This is my father's car.(father's 是名词所有格作定语)
语法练习题
找出下列句子中的定语并说明其类型。
The tall boy is my brother.
I have a book about history.
This is Jim's pencil.
The running man is our teacher.
答案:1. tall(形容词作定语);2. about history(介词短语作定语);3. Jim's(名词所有格作定语);4. running(动名词作定语)
解析:定语用于修饰名词,1 中 tall 修饰 boy;2 中 about history 修饰 book;3 中 Jim's 修饰 pencil;4 中 running 修饰 man。
四、本单元写作指导
(一)写作相关词汇词组
家务劳动词汇:do chores(做家务)、sweep the floor(扫地)、wash dishes(洗碗)、cook meals(做饭)、clean the room(打扫房间)
体力劳动词汇:farm work(农活)、harvest crops(收割庄稼)、do physical work(做体力活)、dig the field(挖地)
劳动技能词汇:cooking skill(烹饪技能)、cleaning skill(打扫技能)、farming skill(农活技能)、life skill(生活技能)
劳动感受词汇:be proud of(为…… 自豪)、feel happy(感到开心)、tired but satisfied(累但满足)、gain confidence(获得信心)
(二)高分句式句型
Doing...teaches us to...(做…… 教会我们……)
例句:Doing housework teaches us to be responsible.
(做家务教会我们有责任感。)
Through...we can...(通过…… 我们能够……)
例句:Through farm work, we can learn the value of hard work.
(通过农活,我们能学会努力工作的价值。)
It's important to...because...(…… 很重要,因为……)
例句:It's important to learn life skills because they help us in daily life.
(学习生活技能很重要,因为它们在日常生活中对我们有帮助。)
Not only...but also...(不仅…… 而且……)
例句:Doing physical work not only builds our strength but also develops our character.(做体力活不仅增强我们的体质,还培养我们的性格。)
I realized that...after...(在…… 之后,我意识到……)
例句:I realized that farming is hard after working in the field.
(在田里干活后,我意识到种地很辛苦。)
(三)参考范文
My Experience of Doing Housework
Last weekend, I helped my mum do housework. I swept the floor first, then washed the dishes.
At first, I thought it was easy, but it was tiring. My mum always does these chores, and I never knew how hard it was. After finishing, my mum praised me. I felt happy and proud.
Doing housework teaches me to be responsible. I will help more at home. It's a good way to show love to my family.
(四)写作模板
My Experience of [劳动活动]
Last [时间], I [参与的劳动活动]. First, I [步骤 1], then I [步骤 2].
At first, I thought [最初的想法], but [实际感受]. [他人的反应或自己的发现]. After finishing, I felt [感受].
This experience teaches me that [收获]. I will [未来的打算]. It makes me understand [感悟].
(五)写作练习题
请以 “My Farm Work Experience” 为题,写一篇不少于 60 字的短文,描述一次农活经历及收获。
参考范文:
My Farm Work Experience
Last Saturday, I went to a farm with my classmates. We helped the farmer pick corn.
I used my hands to pick the corn and put them in a basket. It was hot, but I kept working. The farmer said I did well.
I learned that food is not easy to get. We should save food. This experience is valuable to me.
四、综合练习题
用所给词的适当形式填空:
He ______(take)over his father's job as a farmer last year.
答案:took
解析:last year 是过去时间,用一般过去时,take 的过去式是 took。
句型转换:
The students will clean the classroom.(改为被动语态)
The classroom ______ ______ ______ by the students.
答案:will be cleaned
解析:一般将来时的被动语态结构是 “will be + 过去分词”。
连词成句:
at / he / the / of / 10 / started / working / age(.)
答案:He started working at the age of 10.
解析:按 “主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 时间状语” 顺序组合,at the age of 10 表示 “10 岁时”。