Techniques to Guess Reading Comprehension Questions
一、不用读文章,也能做对“主旨题”的方法:
方法一:暴力跳读解主旨:看首尾,定态度(正能量)。【态度词】能够表示作者态度、作者观点、作者情感的词。 例如:
As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo Penguins longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kicked-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.
The realization that is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest thing that hit home to Ginni.
31. What is the text mainly about
A. A childhood dream. B. An unforgettable experience
C. Sailing around the world. D. Meeting animals in Antarctica.
解析:选B 本题为主旨大意题。首尾段出现了6个正能量表态度的词greeted,gentle,lovely,welcomed,precious,respected, 主旨肯定是正能量态度, 所以答案A, B符合, 但首尾段没有讲梦想, 没有讲childhood, 文中只提到 an experience。 所以答案应该是B。
方法二:题干相加解主旨:阅读理解题(细节题、猜词题、推断题)的题干可以反映文章中的主要信息,将题干中的这些信息相加就能解出主旨题了。 例如:
32. A company tries to attract young people for their ______________.
33. In the 20th century, to enter an American company, young people need to __________.
34. Why is the rise of the young a good thing
35. What is the passage mainly about
A. Young people will lead fashion.
B. Young people will have more power.
C. Old people will step off the historical stage.
D. Older people will continue to be the main force.
解析:选B, 本题为主旨大意题。32、33、34题干中都有 young people,所以排除C、D两个选项, 而34题干中有the rise of the young(年青人的崛起)所以不是年青人引领时尚, 而是更有力量。故正确答案是B。
再看一题:
28. What can we learn about rainforests from the first paragraph
29. Which of the following contributes most to the survival of rainforests
30. Why do the leaves and branches of different trees avoid touching each other
31. What can be a suiotable title for the text
A. Life-Giving Rainforest
B. The law of the Jungle
C. Animals in the Amazon
D. Weather in Rainforests
解析:选A, 本题为主旨大意题。28、29题干中都有rainforests, 所以31题的答案排除B、C, 再看29题干有survival, 31题干中有the leaves and branches of different trees avoid touching each other,所以正确答案是A。
方法三:核心素养法
中国学生发展“核心素养”
自 社
主 学会学习 责任 会
健康生活全面发展 担当 参
发 的人 实践创新 与
人文底蕴
展 科学精神
文化基础
例如:35. What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy
It is a short-sighted decision. B. It is a success story.
C. It benefits manufatures. D. It upsets customers.
解析:选B, 本题为与主旨题有关的推断题。题干说是sugar tax policy是国家政策,肯定是正能量的, 所以排除A、D, 而C项是有利于制造商, 这个价值观太小。国家制订的政策是“有利于人民”,所以排除C, 选择B。
(2025年全国新高考I卷阅读C)While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility, especially among young children. Many parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead.
Dutch authors Thalia Verkade and Marco te Br mmelstroet are bothered by facts like these. In their new book Movement: How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives, they call for a rethink of our streets and the role they play in our lives.
Life on city streets started to change decades ago. Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere. Some communities fought back. Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.” Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well.
Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly. In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty-six million people, among the highest rate of car ownership in the world.
We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but we fail to account for the true costs. Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can’t move safely around our communities The authors of Movement have it right: it’s time to think differently about that street outside your front door.
28. What phenomenon does the author point out in paragraph 1
A. Cars often get stuck on the road. B. Traffic accidents occur frequently.
C. People walk less and drive more. D. Pedestrians fail to follow the rules.
29. What were the Canadian journalist and other campaigners trying to do
A. Keep their cities livable. B. Promote cultural diversity.
C. Help the needy families. D. Make expressways accessible.
30. What can be inferred about the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s
A. They boosted the sales of cars. B. They turned out largely ineffective.
C. They won government support. D. They advocated building new parks.
31. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Why the Rush B. What’s Next C. Where to Stay D. Who to Blame
题干相加解主旨:从29和30题干中找到campaigners, compaigns, 再利用三化法得知加拿大记者Jane Jacobs领导一个运动反对社区为道路交通网让步。20世纪60和70年代澳大利亚也发生了抗议“城市规划优先道路而牺牲社区”的活动。首段引出当今的交通现象,行人少了,汽车多了,引出速度快但安全堪忧的汽车出行方式。最后一段呼应第一段做出总结,不能因为追求速度而放弃安全,应重新思考街道的意义。 所以,文章整体在批判城市规划中过度追求快速的交通而忽略安全、宜居的生活环境,A项Why the Rush?以反问形式点明主旨。故31题选A。
做完了主旨题后,要心怀主旨,去做其他的3道题。看28题,这是一道细节题,先找关键词the author, point out, in paragraph 1,带着关键词去文中定位,定位到第一段,根据第一段中declines in pedestrian mobility, especially among young children、too much traffic on the roads、they pack them into the car instead可知,街道上的车流量很大,步行的人数少了,家长因为担 心孩子上学时的出行安全,只得选择开车接送孩子。所以本段描述的是人们放弃步行,选择开车的现象。故选C。
看29题,这是一道细节题,先找关键词,the Canadian journalist and other campaigners, trying to do,带着关键词去文中定位,定位到第三段,第三段先呈现了城市街道规划的现状:社区为道路交通网让步。接着引出了加拿大记者Jane Jacobs对此现象的抗议。根据Jane Jacobs 的行为called on her mayor to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.”可知,她反对修建高速公路是为了让城市变得宜居,livable是a decent place to live 的同义替换。故选A。
看30题,这是一道推理题,先找关键词,he campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s,带着关键词去文中定位,定位到第三段,第三段最后一句指出,20世纪60和70年代澳大利亚也 发生了抗议“城市规划优先道路而牺牲社区”的活动。第四段描述了尽管这 些抗议活动的范围广泛,但根据the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car、The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly、the highest rate of car ownership 可知,西方国家城市规划仍关注汽车出行的需求,尤其是澳大利亚汽车数量 多,由此可以推断城市规划仍以道路为中心,故这些抗议收效甚微。
二、阅读文章看不懂也能蒙对题的“重复关联法”:
先看选项中有相同的单词,把它们归类,再找与之有关联的选项,最后确定正确选项。如下题:
Of many refreshing aspects of this book, one is that Hayhoe recountsboth her successes and her failures to communicate, through which she hasgathered evidence about what works and what does not. Much of thebook’s advice is common sense, all backed up not just by Hayhoe’sexperience but also with convincing research by psychologists and sociascientists.
32.whhich of the following best describes the advice in the book
A. Serious and challenging. B.well-based and workable.
C. Approachable but one-sided. D. Practical but unacknowledged
选项A、B有共同词 and, 而选项B和D有近义词workable, practical, 所以答案是B。然后带着关键词advice去文中搜寻并检验,Much of thebook’s advice is common sense, all backed up not just by Hayhoe’sexperience but also with convincing research by psychologists and sociascientists.
再看2025年全国新高考II卷阅读 C篇
When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants, she didn’t have high hopes for it. But the opposite happened: She was flooded, shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone. In the past year, Detrinidad sent out more than 70,000 plants. Her success is just one example of increased time at home leading to an explosion in the houseplant industry.
“Plants are in fashion right now,” says Dr. Melinda Knuth, a researcher from the University of Florida. “People who live in plant-rich environments report a higher life satisfaction rating,” she says. “Adding more nature to our environment can change our mood and how we think.” Plants can improve our state of mind in a few ways but the biggest is by decreasing our level of cortisol, the stress hormone (激素) in our body.
“Students who are around plants perform better academically than students who are in a classroom without plants,” says Knuth. “This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults. Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces.”
If you’re among the groups of people who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of surrounding yourself with plants, don’t beat yourself up if one (or a few!) doesn’t make it. “Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be invested in taking care of it, but if it dies, go get another one,” Detrinidad says.
28. How was Detrinidad’s business when it started
A. It faced tough competition. B. It suffered a great loss.
C. It got lots of financial support. D. It went surprisingly well.
29. What is one of Knuth’s findings about plants
A. They appeal more to students. B. They purify the environment.
C. They raise the cortisol level. D. They enhance productivity.
30. What does Detrinidad try to explain by mentioning doctors and lawyers
A. The necessity of social skills.
B. The meaning of sustainability.
C. The importance of repeated efforts.
D. The value of professional opinions.
31. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Time to Replace Houseplants B. Plants Boost Your Mood
C. Tips on Choosing Houseplants D. Plants Brighten Your Home
先做主旨题31题, 由于题干29题里有单词plants(记住题干永远对),再看31题选项B、D里都有plants, 所以先排除A、B, 然后利用三化法(化简首尾段;化简段首句;化简长难句)去文章中首尾段及从第二段起每段的首句浏览,首段讲Detrinidad的绿植销售很好,说明了人们对绿植的喜爱和需求, 第二段、第三段首句显示研究表明绿植可以改善情绪、减压、提升效率等,尾段讲养绿植要有耐心。由此可见,这篇文章主要介绍了绿植对情绪的积极影响,故选B。
做完了主旨题后,要心怀主旨,去做其他的3道题。看28题,这是一道推理题,先找关键词Detrinidad’s business when it started,带着关键词去文中定位,定位到第一段,可知,一开始Detrinidad对她的线上绿植生意并不抱太大期望,但结果却出人意料, 从flooded, shipping out 和 success可以看出。故答案选D。
看29题,这是一道推理题,先找关键词one of Knuth’s findings about plants,带着关键词去文中定位,定位到第二、三段,第二段中研究人员Dr.MelindaKnuth认为绿植可以提 高满足感、改善情绪等;第三段具体举例说明,在有绿植的环境中学习或工 作效率都会更高,这一切都说明绿植能提高效率。故,答案选D。
看30题,这还是一道推理题,先找关键词Detrinidad, try to explain, by mentioning doctors and lawyers,带着关键词去文中定位,定位到最后一段,根据最后一段Detrinidad所说的话可知,她认为养护绿植需要耐心和学习,需要投入其中,失败了就再来一次。就好比律师和医生 并非天生精通技能,而是通过不断练习提升专业能力的,所以养护绿植也需 要反复尝试、不懈努力。故,答案选C。