/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科
Unit 4 Space exploration 单元知识清单
一、词组搭配
(一)动词词组
carry on:继续做,坚持干。
例句:We should carry on with our research even if we meet difficulties.
(即使遇到困难,我们也应该继续我们的研究。)
send up:发射。
例句:China has successfully sent up many satellites into space.
(中国已成功将许多卫星发射到太空。)
figure out:弄懂;弄清楚;弄明白。
例句:It took me a long time to figure out the solution to this problem.
(我花了很长时间才弄明白这个问题的解决方案。)
result in:导致;造成。
例句:His carelessness resulted in the failure of the experiment.
(他的粗心导致了实验的失败。)
run out:用完;耗尽。
例句:Our water supply ran out after three days.
(三天后我们的水源耗尽了。)
argue about:争论;辩论。
例句:They are always arguing about small matters.
(他们总是为小事争论不休。)
provide for:提供生活所需。
例句:He works hard to provide for his family.
(他努力工作以供养他的家庭。)
(二)名词词组
space station:空间站。
例句:The International Space Station is a remarkable achievement of human space exploration.
(国际空间站是人类太空探索的一项非凡成就。)
spacecraft:航天器;宇宙飞船。
例句:A new spacecraft will be launched next month.
(一艘新的宇宙飞船将于下个月发射。)
spacewalk:太空行走;太空行走的时间。
例句:The astronaut completed a successful spacewalk.
(这位宇航员成功完成了一次太空行走。)
solar system:太阳系;类太阳系。
例句:Our earth is a part of the solar system.
(我们的地球是太阳系的一部分。)
space agency:(政府的)航天机构。
例句:NASA is a well - known space agency in the United States.
(美国国家航空航天局是美国著名的航天机构。)
(三)介词词组
in the hope of:抱着…… 的希望。
例句:He worked day and night in the hope of getting a good result.
(他日夜工作,希望能得到一个好结果。)
on board:在宇宙飞船上;在船上;在飞机上。
例句:All the passengers on board were safe during the flight.
(飞行过程中,机上所有乘客都很安全。)
so as to:为了;以便。
例句:He got up early so as to catch the first bus.
(他早起以便赶上第一班公交车。)
(四)词汇练习题
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the phrases above.
(用上面词组的正确形式填空)
We must _______ our journey even though the weather is bad.
The company is trying to _______ a new product to meet the market demand.
I can't _______ how to operate this new machine.
The heavy rain _______ a flood in the area.
We need to save water, or it will _______ soon.
They often _______ politics and religion.
Parents should _______ their children until they grow up.
The astronauts felt excited when they were finally _______ the spacecraft.
He studied hard _______ getting a high score in the exam.
She spoke slowly _______ make herself understood.
Translate the following sentences into English, using the phrases above.
(请将上述短语用于翻译以下句子。)
尽管遇到很多困难,他们还是继续进行太空探索项目。(carry on)
中国计划在未来几年发射更多的卫星。
(send up)
科学家们正在努力弄清楚宇宙是如何形成的。(figure out)
污染会导致许多严重的环境问题。
(result in)
他们的食物快用完了,不得不求助。(run out)
学生们经常争论哪部科幻电影最好看。
(argue about)
这位老人一生都在努力工作,供养他的五个孩子。
(provide for)
当他们登上飞机时,发现座位很舒适。
(on board)
她每天练习英语,希望能和外国游客交流。(in the hope of)
他加快了脚步,以便按时到达学校。
(so as to)
二、语法知识点
(一)动词不定式
作定语:位于被修饰的名词或代词之后,表明被修饰词的某种用途、动作等。
例句:He is always the first one to come to school.
(他总是第一个来学校的人。)
作状语
目的状语:可置于句首或句末,通常用 “in order to” 或 “so as to” 加强语气。
例句:We study hard to achieve our dreams.
(我们努力学习为了实现梦想。)
结果状语:常用 “only to” 表示出乎意料的结果。
例句:He rushed to the station, only to find the train had left.
(他赶到车站,结果却发现火车已经离开了。)
作宾语:跟在及物动词之后。
例句:I want to visit the space museum.
(我想去参观太空博物馆。)
(二)练习题
Rewrite the following sentences using the infinitive.
(用动词不定式改写下列句子。)
She studies hard because she wants to pass the exam.
The box is so heavy that I can't carry it.
I bought a new book. I want to read it.
Translate the following sentences into English, using the infinitive.
(用不定式把下列句子翻译成英语。)
他是最后一个知道这个消息的人。
为了保持健康,我们应该多锻炼。
他努力工作,结果挣了很多钱。
我希望有一天能去月球旅行。
三、重要句式句型分析
(一)That's one small step for [a] man, one giant leap for mankind.
结构:此句是并列句,通过逗号连接两个分句。
功能:生动形象地体现了人类登月这一伟大成就,前半句描述个人的一小步动作,后半句强调对全人类的重大意义 。
(二)This is because...
结构:“This is” 为主句,“because” 引导原因状语从句,解释前面情况的原因。
功能:用于阐述事情的原因。
例句:This is because he didn't follow the instructions.
(这是因为他没有按照指示做。)
(三)翻译练习题
对人类来说,这是一次巨大的飞跃,但对他个人而言,只是一个小小的尝试。
他没有通过考试,这是因为他学习不够努力。
那是一个小小的进步,但对整个团队来说,却是迈向成功的一大步。
四、单元书面表达写作指导
(一)重要词汇词组搭配积累
太空探索相关词汇:explore space, space exploration, universe, galaxy, planet, satellite, rocket, astronaut, spacecraft, spacewalk
情感与态度相关词汇:curious, determined, excited, amazed, hopeful, believe in, desire, dream
科技与成果相关词汇:technology, achievement, breakthrough, data, transmit, experiment, research
词组搭配:carry on, send up, figure out, result in, run out, in the hope of, on board, so as to
(二)高分句式积累
It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.
例句:It is important for us to explore space.(对我们来说,探索太空很重要。)
What's more, ...
例句:What's more, space exploration can help us find new resources.
(而且,太空探索能帮助我们找到新资源。)
In my opinion, ...
例句:In my opinion, space exploration is worth the effort.
(在我看来,太空探索值得付出努力。)
Not only... but also...
例句:Space exploration is not only interesting but also beneficial to human development.
(太空探索不仅有趣,而且对人类发展有益。)
(三)参考范文
Is Exploring Space a Waste of Time and Money
Countries around the world are spending a large amount of money and time on space exploration. Some people think it is a waste, while others believe it is necessary.
In my opinion, exploring space is not a waste. Firstly, it has led to many technological advancements. For example, the technologies developed for space exploration have been applied to various fields on Earth, such as medicine and communication. These technologies have improved our daily life. Secondly, space exploration helps us understand the universe better. We can learn about the origin of the universe and the possibility of life on other planets. It also makes us realize the importance of protecting our own planet.
Although space exploration requires a lot of resources, the benefits it brings are far greater. It opens up new possibilities for human development and helps us solve many problems in the long run. Therefore, we should continue to support and carry on space exploration.
一、词组搭配练习题答案及解析
1. 用短语的正确形式填空。
答案:carry on
解析:“even though the weather is bad”(即使天气不好),结合 “carry on” 表示 “继续做,坚持干”,此句表示即使天气不佳,我们也必须继续我们的旅程,符合语境。
答案:send up
解析:“a new product”(一种新产品)和 “to meet the market demand”(以满足市场需求),“send up” 有 “发射” 之意,在这里可引申为推出新产品,符合公司为满足市场需求采取的行为逻辑。
答案:figure out
解析:“how to operate this new machine”(如何操作这台新机器),“figure out” 表示 “弄懂;弄清楚;弄明白”,与 “弄清楚如何操作机器” 的语义匹配 。
答案:resulted in
解析:“The heavy rain”(大雨)和 “a flood in the area”(该地区的洪水),两者存在因果关系,“result in” 意为 “导致;造成”,且句子描述过去发生的事情,所以用过去式 “resulted in” 。
答案:run out
解析:“We need to save water”(我们需要节约用水),“or”(否则)表明不节约用水的后果,“run out” 表示 “用完;耗尽”,即否则水很快就会用完,符合逻辑。
答案:argue about
解析:“politics and religion”(政治和宗教),“argue about” 表示 “争论;辩论”,常用于表达针对某些话题进行争论,他们经常就政治和宗教问题展开争论,语义通顺。
答案:provide for
解析:“Parents”(父母)和 “their children”(他们的孩子)以及 “until they grow up”(直到他们长大),“provide for” 意思是 “提供生活所需”,即父母应该供养孩子直到他们长大,符合常理。
答案:on board
解析:“The astronauts”(宇航员们)和 “the spacecraft”(宇宙飞船),“on board” 表示 “在宇宙飞船上;在船上;在飞机上”,这里表示宇航员们最终登上宇宙飞船,搭配合理。
答案:in the hope of
解析:“He studied hard”(他努力学习)和 “getting a high score in the exam”(在考试中取得高分),“in the hope of” 表示 “抱着…… 的希望”,他努力学习是希望在考试中取得高分,逻辑清晰。
答案:so as to
解析:“She spoke slowly”(她说话很慢)和 “make herself understood”(让别人理解她),“so as to” 表示 “为了;以便”,她放慢语速是为了让自己被理解,符合目的关系。
2.用所给词组翻译句子
答案:They carried on with the space exploration project despite many difficulties.
解析:“尽管遇到很多困难” 可翻译为 “despite many difficulties”;“继续进行” 用 “carry on with”,句子描述过去发生的事情,所以 “carry” 用过去式 “carried”;“太空探索项目” 是 “the space exploration project” 。
答案:China plans to send up more satellites in the next few years.
解析:“中国” 是 “China”;“计划做某事” 常用 “plan to do sth.”,“发射” 用 “send up”;“在未来几年” 翻译为 “in the next few years” 。
答案:Scientists are trying to figure out how the universe was formed.
解析:“科学家们” 是 “Scientists”;“正在努力做某事” 用现在进行时 “be trying to do sth.”;“弄清楚” 用 “figure out”;“宇宙是如何形成的” 是宾语从句 “how the universe was formed”,从句用陈述语序 。
答案:Pollution will result in many serious environmental problems.
解析:“污染” 是 “Pollution”;“会导致” 用 “will result in”,体现将来时态;“许多严重的环境问题” 翻译为 “many serious environmental problems” 。
答案:Their food was running out, so they had to ask for help.
解析:“他们的食物” 是 “Their food”;“快用完了” 用过去进行时 “was running out”,表示过去某个时间点食物即将耗尽的状态;“不得不求助” 翻译为 “had to ask for help” 。
答案:Students often argue about which science fiction movie is the best.
解析:“学生们” 是 “Students”;“经常” 用 “often”;“争论” 用 “argue about”;“哪部科幻电影最好看” 是宾语从句 “which science fiction movie is the best”,从句用陈述语序 。
答案:The old man worked hard all his life to provide for his five children.
解析:“这位老人” 是 “The old man”;“一生都在努力工作” 翻译为 “worked hard all his life”;“供养” 用 “provide for”;“他的五个孩子” 是 “his five children”,“to provide for his five children” 是不定式作目的状语 。
答案:When they got on board the plane, they found the seats comfortable.
解析:“当…… 时” 用 “When” 引导时间状语从句;“登上飞机” 用 “get on board the plane”,句子描述过去发生的事情,所以 “get” 用过去式 “got”;“发现座位很舒适” 翻译为 “found the seats comfortable”,“find + 宾语 + 形容词” 表示发现某物处于某种状态 。
答案:She practices English every day in the hope of communicating with foreign tourists.
解析:“她” 是 “She”;“每天练习英语” 翻译为 “practices English every day”;“希望” 用 “in the hope of”;“和外国游客交流” 是 “communicating with foreign tourists”,“of” 是介词,后接动名词形式 。
答案:He quickened his steps so as to reach school on time.
解析:“他加快了脚步” 翻译为 “He quickened his steps”,句子用一般过去时;“以便” 用 “so as to”;“按时到达学校” 是 “reach school on time” 。
二、语法知识点练习题答案及解析
1. 用不定式改写句子。
答案:She studies hard to pass the exam.
解析:原句 “because she wants to pass the exam”(因为她想通过考试)表达目的,可直接将原因状语从句改为动词不定式作目的状语,即 “to pass the exam”,简洁明了地表明她努力学习的目的 。
答案:The box is too heavy to carry.
解析:原句 “The box is so heavy that I can't carry it”(这个箱子太重了以至于我搬不动它),可转换为 “too...to...” 结构,“too heavy to carry” 表示 “太重而搬不动”,其中 “to carry” 是动词不定式作结果状语,与原句语义一致 。
答案:I bought a new book to read.
解析:原句 “I bought a new book. I want to read it.”(我买了一本新书。我想读它。),可将后一句改为动词不定式作目的状语,“to read” 表明买新书的目的是阅读,使句子更加简洁 。
用不定式翻译句子
答案:He is the last one to know the news.
解析:“the last one”(最后一个人),“to know the news”(知道这个消息)是动词不定式作定语,位于被修饰词 “the last one” 之后,表明他是最后一个知道消息的人 。
答案:To keep healthy, we should exercise more.
解析:“为了保持健康” 用动词不定式 “To keep healthy” 作目的状语,可置于句首;“我们应该多锻炼” 翻译为 “we should exercise more” 。
答案:He worked hard only to earn a lot of money.
解析:“他努力工作” 是 “He worked hard”;“结果挣了很多钱” 用 “only to earn a lot of money”,“only to” 引导动词不定式作结果状语,表示出乎意料的结果,即他努力工作,结果挣到了很多钱 。
答案:I hope to travel to the moon one day.
解析:“我希望” 是 “I hope”;“希望做某事” 用 “hope to do sth.”;“去月球旅行” 翻译为 “travel to the moon”;“有一天” 是 “one day” 。
三、重要句式句型分析翻译练习题答案及解析
答案:This is a giant leap for mankind, but a small attempt for him personally.
解析:参照 “That's one small step for [a] man, one giant leap for mankind.” 的并列句结构,用逗号连接两个分句,分别阐述对人类和个人的不同意义 ,“a giant leap”(一次巨大的飞跃),“a small attempt”(一个小小的尝试),“for mankind”(对人类来说),“for him personally”(对他个人而言) 。
答案:He didn't pass the exam. This is because he didn't study hard enough.
解析:使用 “This is because...” 结构,前一句 “He didn't pass the exam.” 说明结果,后一句 “This is because he didn't study hard enough.” 用 “because” 引导原因状语从句,解释他没通过考试的原因 。
答案:That was a small progress, but a big step towards success for the whole team.
解析:仿照 “That's one small step for [a] man, one giant leap for mankind.” 的并列句结构,用逗号连接两个分句,“a small progress”(一个小小的进步),“a big step towards success”(迈向成功的一大步),“for the whole team”(对整个团队来说) 。