人教版2019年高中选修1 Unit 4 Body Language 单元知识总结清单（含练习题和书面表达句式及范文）

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Unit 4 Body Language 单元知识总结清单
一、词组搭配
（一）重点词组
by contrast：相比之下。
例句：By contrast, the new model is more energy-efficient.
（相比之下，新模型更节能。）
approve of：赞成；同意。
例句：My parents don't approve of my decision to study abroad.
（我父母不赞成我出国留学的决定。）
demonstrate to：向…… 证明；表现出。
例句：He demonstrated to us his excellent leadership skills.
（他向我们展示了他出色的领导能力。）
make inferences：推理；推断。
例句：We can make inferences based on the evidence we have.
（我们可以根据已有的证据进行推断。）
break down：消除；分解；打破。
例句：We should break down the language barriers to communicate better.
（我们应该消除语言障碍以更好地交流。）
call on：（短暂地）访问；要求（某人讲话等）；正式邀请。
例句：The teacher called on Tom to answer the question.
（老师叫汤姆回答问题。）
at work：有某种影响；在工作。
例句：There are several factors at work in this situation.
（在这种情况下有几个因素在起作用。）
tend to：倾向于；常常。
例句：People tend to feel tired after a long day's work.
（人们在长时间工作后往往会感到疲惫。）
look at：看；审视；考虑。
例句：We need to look at this problem from different angles.
（我们需要从不同角度审视这个问题。）
adjust to：适应；（使）习惯 。
例句：It took him a while to adjust to the new environment.
（他花了一段时间才适应新环境。）
（二）词汇练习题
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the phrases above.
用以上短语的正确形式填空。
___________, the old method is less efficient.
I hope my parents will ___________ my plan to start a business.
The scientist ___________ the theory with a series of experiments.
You can ___________ from the context to understand the meaning of the word.
We should try to ___________ the misunderstanding between us.
The professor will ___________ some students to present their reports.
There are many unknown forces ___________ in the universe.
Children ___________ like sweet food.
Let's ___________ the advantages and disadvantages of this proposal.
She found it hard to ___________ the fast pace of city life.
Translate the following sentences into English, using the phrases above.
用上面的短语把下面的句子翻译成英语。
相比之下，这种新型材料更轻、更强。
他的父母不赞成他和那个女孩交往。
你如何向别人证明你的观点是正确的？
侦探根据线索进行推理，最终找到了罪犯。
微笑可以打破陌生人之间的隔阂。
老师经常要求学生在课堂上积极发言。
多种因素共同作用导致了这次事故。
老年人往往更容易感到孤独。
我们应该全面考虑这个问题。
经过一段时间，他逐渐适应了新的工作。
二、语法知识点
（一）动词 -ing 形式
作主语：表示抽象的、一般性的行为或概念，谓语动词用单数。
例句：Learning a foreign language is difficult but rewarding.
（学习一门外语很难但很有意义。）
作宾语：跟在及物动词或介词后。
例句：She enjoys reading novels in her free time.
（她喜欢在空闲时间读小说。）
I'm looking forward to meeting you.（我期待着见到你。）
作表语：说明主语的内容或性质。
例句：My hobby is collecting stamps.（我的爱好是集邮。）
作定语：单个的 -ing 形式作定语通常前置， -ing 短语作定语通常后置，相当于一个定语从句。
例句：The running boy is my brother.（那个奔跑的男孩是我弟弟。）
The man standing there is our teacher.（站在那里的那个人是我们的老师。）
作状语：表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、伴随等。
例句：Walking in the street, I saw an old friend.
（在街上走的时候，我看到了一位老朋友。）（时间状语）
Being ill, he didn't go to school.（因为生病，他没去上学。）（原因状语）
作宾语补足语：常跟在感官动词（如 see, watch, hear 等）和使役动词（如 keep, let, have 等）后。
例句：I saw him playing football on the playground.
（我看见他在操场上踢足球。）
Don't keep the water running.（别让水一直流着。）
（二）练习题
Choose the correct form of the verb.
选择正确的动词形式。
___________ (Swim/Swimming) in the sea is my favorite summer activity.
I remember ___________ (lock/locking) the door when I left.
Her job is ___________ (teach/to teach) English at a middle school.
The girl ___________ (sing/singing) over there is my sister.
___________ (Give/Giving) more time, we could do it better.
I heard her ___________ (play/playing) the piano in the next room.
Rewrite the following sentences using the -ing form.
用-ing形式改写下列句子。
If you work hard, you will succeed.
Because he was tired, he stopped working.
The man who is sitting in the corner is a famous writer.
Correct the mistakes in the following sentences.
纠正下列句子中的错误。
Play computer games too much is bad for your eyes.
I'm used to get up early in the morning.
The book writing by Lu Xun is very interesting.
三、重要句式句型分析
（一）Just like spoken language, body language varies from culture to culture.
结构分析：“Just like spoken language” 为方式状语，表明类比对象；句子主干是 “body language varies”，“from culture to culture” 是介词短语作状语，修饰 “varies”，表示在不同文化间的变化。
（二）A smile can help us get through difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers. A smile can break down barriers.
结构分析：两个句子结构相似，均以 “A smile can” 开头，后接动词短语 “help us get through...” 和 “break down...”，通过并列句式强调微笑的作用。
（三）翻译练习题
就像书面语言一样，手势在不同文化中也各不相同。
真诚的道歉可以帮助我们度过人际关系中的困难时刻，消除误解。
眼神交流能让我们在交流中更好地理解彼此，打破沟通障碍。
四、单元书面表达写作指导
（一）重要词汇词组搭配积累
身势语描述相关词汇：body movement（身体动作），facial expression（面部表情），hand gesture（手势），eye contact（眼神交流），posture（姿势）
情感与行为相关词汇：express feelings（表达情感），show interest（表现出兴趣），avoid responsibility（逃避责任），get through difficult situations（度过困难时期），break down barriers（消除障碍）
文化差异相关词汇：vary from culture to culture（因文化而异），cultural background（文化背景），cultural difference（文化差异），in different cultures（在不同文化中）
（二）高分句式积累
定语从句：Body language, which plays an important role in communication, sometimes conveys more than words.
（身势语在交流中起着重要作用，有时传达的信息比语言还多。）
强调句：It is through body language that we can understand others' true feelings more accurately.
（正是通过身势语，我们才能更准确地理解他人的真实感受。）
倒装句：Not only does body language help us communicate effectively, but it also reflects our cultural backgrounds.
（身势语不仅有助于我们有效沟通，还能反映我们的文化背景。）
with 复合结构：With his arms crossed, he looked very angry.
（他双臂交叉，看起来非常生气。）
（三）参考范文
The Importance of Body Language
Body language is an essential part of communication. It can convey our thoughts, feelings, and attitudes without words.
Just like spoken language, body language varies from culture to culture. For example, in some Western countries, making eye contact is a sign of confidence and respect, while in some Asian countries, too much eye contact may make people feel uncomfortable. The “OK” gesture means money in Japan, zero in France, and is considered impolite in Brazil and Germany. These differences remind us that when communicating with people from different cultures, we should be aware of the cultural background and use body language appropriately.
A smile is a powerful form of body language that can break down barriers. It can help us get through difficult situations and make friends easily. Moreover, body language can also help us understand others better. By observing people’s body movements and facial expressions, we can make inferences about their emotions and intentions. For instance, if someone is constantly looking at their watch while talking to you, it may imply that they are in a hurry or not interested in the conversation.
In conclusion, body language is a crucial factor in effective communication. We should learn to use it properly and understand its meanings in different cultures. Only in this way can we communicate with others more smoothly and build better relationships.
练习题答案及解析
一、词组搭配练习题答案及解析
（一）Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the phrases above
答案：By contrast
解析：“___________, the old method is less efficient.”，此句需要一个表示对比的短语，“by contrast” 意为 “相比之下”，放在句首，首字母大写，用于引出与新方法对比后，旧方法效率较低的情况，所以填 “By contrast”。
答案：approve of
解析：“I hope my parents will ___________ my plan to start a business.”，句子表达 “我” 希望父母对自己创业计划的态度，“approve of” 表示 “赞成；同意”，“will” 后接动词原形，符合语境，所以填 “approve of”。
答案：demonstrated to
解析：“The scientist ___________ the theory with a series of experiments.”，科学家通过一系列实验对理论进行某种操作，“demonstrate to” 有 “向…… 证明；表现出” 的意思，句子时态为一般过去时，“demonstrate” 的过去式是 “demonstrated”，所以填 “demonstrated to”。
答案：make inferences
解析：“You can ___________ from the context to understand the meaning of the word.”，从语境中对单词意思进行推导，“make inferences” 表示 “推理；推断”，“can” 后接动词原形，符合句子结构，所以填 “make inferences”。
答案：break down
解析：“We should try to ___________ the misunderstanding between us.”，句子表达要对彼此间的误解进行处理，“break down” 有 “消除” 的含义，“should” 后接动词原形，所以填 “break down”。
答案：call on
解析：“The professor will ___________ some students to present their reports.”，教授会要求一些学生做某事，“call on” 有 “要求（某人讲话等）” 的意思，“will” 后接动词原形，所以填 “call on”。
答案：at work
解析：“There are many unknown forces ___________ in the universe.”，句子描述宇宙中有许多未知力量处于某种状态，“at work” 表示 “有某种影响”，符合语境，所以填 “at work”。
答案：tend to
解析：“Children ___________ like sweet food.”，表达孩子们对于甜食的一种普遍倾向，“tend to” 表示 “倾向于；常常”，句子时态为一般现在时，主语 “Children” 是复数，动词用原形，所以填 “tend to”。
答案：look at
解析：“Let's ___________ the advantages and disadvantages of this proposal.”，句子表示要对提案的优缺点进行审视，“look at” 有 “审视；考虑” 的意思，“Let's” 后接动词原形，所以填 “look at”。
答案：adjust to
解析：“She found it hard to ___________ the fast pace of city life.”，句子表达她难以适应城市生活的快节奏，“adjust to” 表示 “适应；（使）习惯”，“to” 后接名词短语，符合语境，所以填 “adjust to”。
（二）Translate the following sentences into English, using the phrases above
答案：By contrast, this new type of material is lighter and stronger.
解析：“相比之下” 翻译为 “By contrast”，放在句首；“这种新型材料” 翻译为 “this new type of material”；“更轻、更强” 翻译为 “is lighter and stronger”，使用比较级，与 “by contrast” 对应，突出新旧材料对比，所以翻译为 “By contrast, this new type of material is lighter and stronger.”。
答案：His parents don't approve of his relationship with that girl.
解析：“他的父母” 翻译为 “His parents”；“不赞成” 翻译为 “don't approve of”，“approve of” 表示 “赞成”，否定形式用助动词 “don't”；“他和那个女孩交往” 翻译为 “his relationship with that girl”，所以翻译为 “His parents don't approve of his relationship with that girl.”。
答案：How do you demonstrate to others that your opinion is correct
解析：“如何” 翻译为 “How”，引导特殊疑问句；“向别人证明” 翻译为 “demonstrate to others”；“你的观点是正确的” 翻译为 “that your opinion is correct”，“that” 引导宾语从句，作 “demonstrate to” 的宾语，所以翻译为 “How do you demonstrate to others that your opinion is correct ”。
答案：The detective made inferences based on the clues and finally found the criminal.
解析：“侦探” 翻译为 “The detective”；“根据线索进行推理” 翻译为 “made inferences based on the clues”，“make inferences” 表示 “推理”，句子时态为一般过去时，“make” 的过去式是 “made”；“最终找到了罪犯” 翻译为 “and finally found the criminal”，所以翻译为 “The detective made inferences based on the clues and finally found the criminal.”。
答案：A smile can break down the barriers between strangers.
解析：“微笑” 翻译为 “A smile”；“可以打破” 翻译为 “can break down”，“break down” 表示 “打破”；“陌生人之间的隔阂” 翻译为 “the barriers between strangers”，所以翻译为 “A smile can break down the barriers between strangers.”。
答案：The teacher often calls on students to speak actively in class.
解析：“老师” 翻译为 “The teacher”；“经常” 翻译为 “often”；“要求学生” 翻译为 “calls on students”，“call on” 表示 “要求”，句子时态为一般现在时，主语 “The teacher” 是第三人称单数，“call” 用第三人称单数形式 “calls”；“在课堂上积极发言” 翻译为 “to speak actively in class”，“to do sth.” 作目的状语，所以翻译为 “The teacher often calls on students to speak actively in class.”。
答案：Several factors were at work, leading to this accident.
解析：“多种因素共同作用” 翻译为 “Several factors were at work”，“at work” 表示 “有某种影响”，句子时态为一般过去时；“导致了这次事故” 翻译为 “leading to this accident”，现在分词短语作结果状语，所以翻译为 “Several factors were at work, leading to this accident.”。
答案：The elderly tend to feel lonelier more easily.
解析：“老年人” 翻译为 “The elderly”；“往往更容易感到孤独” 翻译为 “tend to feel lonelier more easily”，“tend to” 表示 “倾向于”，“lonely” 的比较级是 “lonelier”，所以翻译为 “The elderly tend to feel lonelier more easily.”。
答案：We should look at this problem comprehensively.
解析：“我们应该” 翻译为 “We should”；“全面考虑” 翻译为 “look at... comprehensively”，“look at” 表示 “考虑”，“comprehensively” 表示 “全面地”，作状语修饰 “look at”，所以翻译为 “We should look at this problem comprehensively.”。
答案：After a period of time, he gradually adjusted to the new job.
解析：“经过一段时间” 翻译为 “After a period of time”；“他逐渐适应了” 翻译为 “he gradually adjusted to”，句子时态为一般过去时，“adjust to” 表示 “适应”；“新的工作” 翻译为 “the new job”，所以翻译为 “After a period of time, he gradually adjusted to the new job.”。
二、语法知识点练习题答案及解析
（一）Choose the correct form of the verb
答案：Swimming
解析：“___________ (Swim/Swimming) in the sea is my favorite summer activity.”，句子缺少主语，动词 -ing 形式（短语）可作主语，表示抽象的、一般性的行为或概念，“Swimming” 是 “swim” 的 -ing 形式，“Swimming in the sea”（在海里游泳）作主语，所以选 “Swimming”。
答案：locking
解析：“I remember ___________ (lock/locking) the door when I left.”，“remember doing sth.” 表示 “记得做过某事”，“remember to do sth.” 表示 “记得要去做某事”，根据 “when I left” 可知是记得过去做过锁门这件事，所以选 “locking”。
答案：to teach
解析：“Her job is ___________ (teach/to teach) English at a middle school.”，“is” 后作表语，当主语是 “job, task” 等表示工作、任务的名词时，常用动词不定式作表语，说明具体的工作内容，所以选 “to teach”。
答案：singing
解析：“The girl ___________ (sing/singing) over there is my sister.”，“___________ over there” 作后置定语修饰 “The girl”，单个的 -ing 形式作定语通常前置， -ing 短语作定语通常后置，相当于一个定语从句，此处表示 “正在唱歌的女孩”，用 “singing”，所以选 “singing”。
答案：Given
解析：“___________ (Give/Giving) more time, we could do it better.”，句子主语 “we” 和 “give” 之间是被动关系，“我们” 是被给予时间，过去分词 “Given” 作条件状语，相当于 “If we were given more time”，所以选 “Given”。
答案：playing
解析：“I heard her ___________ (play/playing) the piano in the next room.”，“hear sb. doing sth.” 表示 “听见某人正在做某事”，“hear sb. do sth.” 表示 “听见某人做某事的全过程”，根据语境是听见她正在隔壁房间弹钢琴，所以选 “playing”。
（二）Rewrite the following sentences using the -ing form
答案：Working hard, you will succeed.
解析：原句 “If you work hard, you will succeed.”，将条件状语从句 “if you work hard” 改为 -ing 形式作状语，“work” 的 -ing 形式是 “working”，“Working hard”（努力工作）作条件状语，所以改写为 “Working hard, you will succeed.”。
答案：Being tired, he stopped working.
解析：原句 “Because he was tired, he stopped working.”，将原因状语从句 “because he was tired” 改为 -ing 形式作状语，“be tired” 的 -ing 形式是 “being tired”，“Being tired”（因为疲惫）作原因状语，所以改写为 “Being tired, he stopped working.”。
答案：The man sitting in the corner is a famous writer.
解析：原句 “The man who is sitting in the corner is a famous writer.”，将定语从句 “who is sitting in the corner” 改为 -ing 形式作后置定语，“sitting in the corner”（坐在角落）作后置定语修饰 “The man”，所以改写为 “The man sitting in the corner is a famous writer.”。
（三）Correct the mistakes in the following sentences
答案：Playing computer games too much is bad for your eyes.
解析：原句 “Play computer games too much is bad for your eyes.” 错误，句子缺少主语，动词原形不能作主语，应将 “Play” 改为 -ing 形式 “Playing”，“Playing computer games too much”（玩太多电脑游戏）作主语，所以正确句子是 “Playing computer games too much is bad for your eyes.”。
答案：I'm used to getting up early in the morning.
解析：原句 “I'm used to get up early in the morning.” 错误，“be used to doing sth.” 表示 “习惯于做某事”，“to” 是介词，后接动名词，应把 “get” 改为 “getting”，所以正确句子是 “I'm used to getting up early in the morning.”。
答案：The book written by Lu Xun is very interesting.
解析：原句 “The book writing by Lu Xun is very interesting.” 错误，“book” 和 “write” 之间是被动关系，书是被写，应用过去分词作后置定语，“write” 的过去分词是 “written”，所以正确句子是 “The book written by Lu Xun is very interesting.”。
三、重要句式句型分析翻译练习题答案及解析
答案：Just like written language, hand gestures vary from culture to culture.
解析：参照 “Just like spoken language, body language varies from culture to culture.” 的结构，“就像书面语言一样” 翻译为 “Just like written language”；“手势” 翻译为 “hand gestures”；“在不同文化中也各不相同” 翻译为 “vary from culture to culture”，所以翻译为 “Just like written language, hand gestures vary from culture to culture.”。
答案：A sincere apology can help us get through difficult times in relationships and break down misunderstandings.
解析：参考 “A smile can help us get through difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers. A smile can break down barriers.” 的结构，“真诚的道歉” 翻译为 “A sincere apology”；“可以帮助我们度过人际关系中的困难时刻” 翻译为 “can help us get through difficult times in relationships”；“消除误解” 翻译为 “break down misunderstandings”，所以翻译为 “A sincere apology can help us get through difficult times in relationships and break down misunderstandings.”。
答案：Eye contact enables us to understand each other better during communication and break down communication barriers.
解析：结合相关句式结构，“眼神交流” 翻译为 “Eye contact”；“能让我们在交流中更好地理解彼此” 翻译为 “enables us to understand each other better during communication”，“enable sb. to do sth.” 表示 “使某人能够做某事”；“打破沟通障碍” 翻译为 “break down communication barriers”，所以翻译为 “Eye contact enables us to understand each other better during communication and break down communication barriers.”。