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Unit 5 Working the Land 单元知识总结清单
一、词组搭配
（一）重点词组
devote... to：把…… 用于；献身；致力；专心。
例句：Yuan Longping devoted his life to hybrid rice research.
（袁隆平毕生致力于杂交水稻研究。）
tackle the crisis：解决危机。
例句：We need to find ways to tackle the food crisis.
（我们需要找到解决粮食危机的方法。）
boost yields：提高产量。
例句：The new farming method helps to boost yields significantly.
（这种新的耕作方法有助于大幅提高产量。）
convince sb. of sth.：使某人相信某事。
例句：He managed to convince the judge of his innocence.
（他成功使法官相信他的清白。）
attain a goal：实现目标。
例句：We should work hard to attain our goals.
（我们应该努力工作以实现我们的目标。）
overcome difficulties：克服困难。
例句：Yuan Longping overcame many technical difficulties to develop hybrid rice.（袁隆平克服了许多技术困难才培育出杂交水稻。）
expand business：拓展业务。
例句：Li Dan expanded her fruit - growing business to include agritourism.
（李丹将她的水果种植业务拓展到了农业旅游领域。）
estimate that：估计……。
例句：It is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is from hybrid strains.（据估计，中国约 60% 的国内大米消费来自杂交品种。）
be comprised of：包括；包含；由…… 组成。
例句：Our class is comprised of 30 boys and 25 girls.
（我们班由 30 名男生和 25 名女生组成。）
generate excitement：引起兴奋。
例句：The new film generated a lot of excitement among the audience.
（这部新电影在观众中引起了很大的轰动。）
alleviate poverty：减轻贫困。
例句：Her business has helped to alleviate poverty in the village.
（她的企业帮助减轻了村里的贫困。）
for instance：例如。
例句：There are many ways to protect the environment, for instance, reducing the use of plastic.（有很多保护环境的方法，例如，减少塑料的使用。）
in turn：相应地；转而；依次；轮流。
例句：The heavy use of chemicals harms the soil, and in turn, affects the quality of crops.（大量使用化学物质损害土壤，进而影响农作物的质量。）
as an alternative：作为一种替代。
例句：As an alternative, some farmers have switched to organic farming.
（作为一种替代，一些农民转而采用有机耕作。）
put down roots：扎根。
例句：The new settlers put down roots in this land and started a new life.
（新的定居者在这片土地上扎根，开始了新的生活。）
（二）词汇练习题
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the phrases above.
用以上短语的正确形式填空。
He has ___________ all his time and energy ___________ protecting the environment.
The government is taking measures to ___________ the economic ___________.
Modern technology has enabled farmers to ___________.
How can I ___________ you ___________ my honesty
We should make efforts to ___________ our dreams.
She faced many challenges, but she managed to ___________ them.
The small company has ___________ rapidly in recent years.
It is ___________ that the project will cost millions of dollars.
The team ___________ members from different countries.
The exciting news ___________ among the students.
Her work has made a great contribution to ___________ in the area.
There are many outdoor activities you can do, ___________, hiking and cycling.
The increase in temperature will affect the growth of plants, and ___________, the animals that depend on them.
___________, you can choose to study at home using online resources.
After moving to the new city, they decided to ___________ and build a new home.
Translate the following sentences into English, using the phrases above.
用上面的短语把下面的句子翻译成英语。
他全身心地投入到教育事业中。
我们必须找到解决这个严重问题的方法。
新的种植技术帮助农民提高了农作物产量。
你需要让你的父母相信你的决定是正确的。
经过多年努力，他终于实现了成为一名科学家的目标。
尽管困难重重，他们还是克服了所有阻碍，取得了成功。
这家公司计划拓展海外业务。
据估计，今年的粮食产量将大幅增加。
这个组织由来自不同领域的专家组成。
这场音乐会在音乐爱好者中引起了极大的兴奋。
这个项目旨在减轻当地居民的贫困状况。
许多水果都富含维生素，例如，橙子和苹果。
污染会破坏生态系统，相应地，也会威胁人类的生存。
作为一种替代方案，你可以选择乘坐公共交通工具出行。
他们在这个小镇扎根，过上了平静的生活。
二、语法知识点
（一）主语从句
定义：在复合句中充当主语的句子叫做主语从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语 it 代替，而本身放在句子末尾。
引导词：
从属连词：that, whether。
例如：That he will come is certain.（他会来，这是肯定的。）
Whether he is right or wrong remains to be seen.（他是对是错还有待观察。）
连接代词：what, who, whom, which, whose 等。
例如：What he said made me angry.（他说的话让我生气。）
Who will win the game is not clear.（谁将赢得比赛还不清楚。）
连接副词：when, where, why, how 等。
例如：When he will arrive is unknown.（他什么时候到还不知道。）
How we can solve the problem is very important.
（我们如何解决这个问题非常重要。）
例句：
What Yuan Longping really cared about was not money or celebrity.
（袁隆平真正在乎的不是金钱或名誉。）
That Yuan Longping had realised his dream of seawater rice surprised the whole world.（袁隆平实现了他的海水稻梦想，这让全世界都感到惊讶。）
It surprised the whole world that Yuan Longping had realised his dream of developing seawater rice.
（袁隆平实现了开发海水稻的梦想，这让全世界都大为惊讶。）（it 作形式主语，真正的主语是 that 引导的从句）
（二）练习题
Choose the correct word to complete the sentence.
选择正确的单词完成句子。
___________ (That/What) he failed in the exam made his parents disappointed.
___________ (Whether/If) we will go on a picnic tomorrow depends on the weather.
___________ (Who/Whom) will be the next president is a question.
___________ (Where/When) we should build the new factory has not been decided yet.
___________ (How/Why) he managed to finish the work in such a short time is a mystery.
Rewrite the following sentences using subject clauses with it as the formal subject.用主语从句将it作为形式主语改写下列句子。
That we should protect the environment is important.
Whether he will come to the party tonight is not certain.
How we can improve our English quickly is a problem.
What he needs most is a good rest.
Who will be in charge of the project has not been announced.
Correct the mistakes in the following sentences.
纠正下列句子中的错误。
When will the meeting start is still unknown.
If he will attend the conference is not clear.
That he said made me confused.
What do you want to do next is up to you.
Who break the window should be punished.
三、重要句式句型分析
（一）Yuan Longping, known as the “father of hybrid rice”, is one of China’s most famous scientists.
结构分析：“known as the ‘father of hybrid rice’” 是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 “Yuan Longping”，相当于一个定语从句 “who is known as the ‘father of hybrid rice’”；句子主干是 “Yuan Longping is one of China’s most famous scientists”，“one of + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数” 表示 “最…… 之一”。
（二）However, what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.
结构分析：“what concerned him most” 是主语从句，在句中作主语；“that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat” 是表语从句，作 “was” 的表语，说明他最关心的内容。
（三）Through intense effort, Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for farming in 1974.
结构分析：“Through intense effort” 是介词短语作方式状语，表示袁隆平取得成果的方式；“Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties” 是句子主干；“to develop the first hybrid rice” 是动词不定式作目的状语，说明克服困难的目的；“that could be used for farming in 1974” 是定语从句，修饰 “hybrid rice”，限定杂交水稻的特征。
四、单元书面表达写作指导
（一）重要词汇词组搭配积累
农业生产相关词汇：crop production（农作物生产），soil fertility（土壤肥力），irrigation system（灌溉系统），harvest season（收获季节），pest control（害虫防治）
农业技术相关词汇：modern farming technology（现代耕作技术），genetic engineering（基因工程），drip irrigation（滴灌），vertical farming（垂直农业），hydroponics（水培法）
农业发展相关词汇：agricultural development（农业发展），sustainable agriculture（可持续农业），rural revitalization（乡村振兴），agricultural innovation（农业创新），farm machinery（农业机械）
（二）高分句式积累
定语从句：Yuan Longping, who is known as the “father of hybrid rice”, has made great contributions to the world.
（袁隆平，被誉为 “杂交水稻之父”，为世界做出了巨大贡献。）
强调句：It was through his hard work and determination that Yuan Longping achieved his goal of developing hybrid rice.
（正是通过他的努力和决心，袁隆平实现了培育杂交水稻的目标。）
倒装句：Not only does organic farming protect the environment, but it also provides healthy food.（有机耕作不仅保护环境，还提供健康食品。）
with 复合结构：With the development of modern technology, agriculture has made great progress.（随着现代技术的发展，农业取得了巨大进步。）
（三）参考范文
My Views on Organic Farming
In recent years, there has been a growing concern about the impact of farming methods on the environment and human health. Organic farming, as an alternative, has attracted more and more attention.
Organic farming focuses on using natural methods to maintain soil fertility and control pests. For instance, organic farmers use natural waste from animals as fertiliser, which enriches the soil with minerals. They also rotate crops regularly, which helps to keep the soil healthy and reduces the risk of pests and diseases. This way of farming not only protects the environment by avoiding the use of chemical pesticides and fertilisers but also produces food that is free from harmful chemicals, ensuring people's health.
However, organic farming also faces some challenges. One of the main problems is that it usually has a lower output compared to chemical farming, which may not be able to meet the high demand for food in the world. Moreover, the cost of organic farming is relatively high, which makes the price of organic food more expensive, making it less accessible to some consumers.
In my opinion, although organic farming has its limitations, it represents a more sustainable and healthy way of farming. With the development of technology and the increase in people's awareness of environmental protection, I believe that organic farming will play an increasingly important role in the future of agriculture. We should support and promote organic farming while also looking for ways to improve its efficiency and reduce costs.
练习题答案及解析
一、词组搭配练习题答案及解析
（一）Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the phrases above
答案：devoted; to
解析：“He has... all his time and energy... protecting the environment.”，句子表达他将时间和精力用于保护环境，“devote... to” 表示 “把…… 用于；献身；致力；专心”，“to” 是介词，后接动名词，且句子是现在完成时，“devote” 的过去分词是 “devoted”，所以填 “devoted; to”。
答案：tackle; crisis
解析：“The government is taking measures to... the economic...”，政府采取措施的目的是解决经济方面的问题，“tackle the crisis” 表示 “解决危机”，“economic crisis” 即 “经济危机” ，“to” 后接动词原形，所以填 “tackle; crisis”。
答案：boost yields
解析：“Modern technology has enabled farmers to...”，现代技术对农民在农作物产量方面有积极作用，“boost yields” 表示 “提高产量”，“enable sb. to do sth.”（使某人能够做某事）中 “to” 后接动词原形，所以填 “boost yields”。
答案：convince; of
解析：“How can I... you... my honesty ”，句子询问如何让对方相信自己的诚实，“convince sb. of sth.” 表示 “使某人相信某事”，所以填 “convince; of”。
答案：attain
解析：“We should make efforts to... our dreams.”，我们努力的目标是实现梦想，“attain a goal” 表示 “实现目标”，“to” 后接动词原形，此处 “our dreams” 相当于 “a goal”，所以填 “attain”。
答案：overcome
解析：“She faced many challenges, but she managed to... them.”，她面对挑战并成功应对，“overcome difficulties” 表示 “克服困难”，“manage to do sth.”（设法做成某事）中 “to” 后接动词原形，所以填 “overcome”。
答案：expanded
解析：“The small company has... rapidly in recent years.”，句子描述小公司在近年来的发展情况，“expand business” 表示 “拓展业务”，句子是现在完成时，“expand” 的过去分词是 “expanded”，所以填 “expanded”。
答案：estimated
解析：“It is... that the project will cost millions of dollars.”，“It is estimated that...” 是固定句型，表示 “据估计……”，所以填 “estimated”。
答案：is comprised of
解析：“The team... members from different countries.”，句子说明团队的人员构成，“be comprised of” 表示 “包括；包含；由…… 组成”，句子是一般现在时，主语 “The team” 是单数，所以填 “is comprised of”。
答案：generated excitement
解析：“The exciting news... among the students.”，令人兴奋的消息在学生中引发了某种反应，“generate excitement” 表示 “引起兴奋”，句子时态为一般过去时，“generate” 的过去式是 “generated”，所以填 “generated excitement”。
答案：alleviating poverty
解析：“Her work has made a great contribution to... in the area.”，她的工作对当地的贫困状况产生积极影响，“alleviate poverty” 表示 “减轻贫困”，“to” 是介词，后接动名词，所以填 “alleviating poverty”。
答案：for instance
解析：“There are many outdoor activities you can do,... hiking and cycling.”，后面的 “hiking and cycling” 是对前面 “outdoor activities” 的举例，“for instance” 表示 “例如”，所以填 “for instance”。
答案：in turn
解析：“The increase in temperature will affect the growth of plants, and... the animals that depend on them.”，温度变化先影响植物生长，接着会对依赖植物的动物产生影响，“in turn” 表示 “相应地；转而”，符合语境，所以填 “in turn”。
答案：As an alternative
解析：“... you can choose to study at home using online resources.”，句子提供了一种学习方式的替代选择，“as an alternative” 表示 “作为一种替代”，放在句首，首字母大写，所以填 “As an alternative”。
答案：put down roots
解析：“After moving to the new city, they decided to... and build a new home.”，搬到新城市后决定扎根并建立新家，“put down roots” 表示 “扎根”，“decide to do sth.”（决定做某事）中 “to” 后接动词原形，所以填 “put down roots”。
（二）Translate the following sentences into English, using the phrases above
答案：He devoted himself wholeheartedly to the cause of education.
解析：“他全身心地投入” 翻译为 “He devoted himself wholeheartedly to”，“devote... to” 表示 “献身；致力”；“教育事业” 翻译为 “the cause of education”，所以整句翻译为 “He devoted himself wholeheartedly to the cause of education.”。
答案：We must find ways to tackle this serious problem.
解析：“我们必须” 翻译为 “We must”；“找到解决…… 的方法” 翻译为 “find ways to...”；“这个严重问题” 翻译为 “this serious problem”；“tackle the crisis” 中 “tackle” 有 “解决” 之意，这里用于解决问题，所以翻译为 “We must find ways to tackle this serious problem.”。
答案：The new planting technology has helped farmers boost crop yields.
解析：“新的种植技术” 翻译为 “The new planting technology”；“帮助农民” 翻译为 “has helped farmers”，使用现在完成时；“提高农作物产量” 翻译为 “boost crop yields”，“boost yields” 表示 “提高产量”，所以翻译为 “The new planting technology has helped farmers boost crop yields.”。
答案：You need to convince your parents of the correctness of your decision.
解析：“你需要” 翻译为 “You need to”；“让…… 相信” 翻译为 “convince... of...”；“你的父母” 翻译为 “your parents”；“你决定的正确性” 翻译为 “the correctness of your decision”，所以翻译为 “You need to convince your parents of the correctness of your decision.”。
答案：After years of hard work, he finally attained his goal of becoming a scientist.
解析：“经过多年努力” 翻译为 “After years of hard work”；“他终于” 翻译为 “he finally”；“实现了…… 目标” 翻译为 “attained his goal of...”；“成为一名科学家” 翻译为 “becoming a scientist”，“attain a goal” 表示 “实现目标”，所以翻译为 “After years of hard work, he finally attained his goal of becoming a scientist.”。
答案：Despite numerous difficulties, they overcame all the obstacles and achieved success.
解析：“尽管困难重重” 翻译为 “Despite numerous difficulties”；“克服了所有阻碍” 翻译为 “overcame all the obstacles”，“overcome difficulties” 表示 “克服困难”；“取得了成功” 翻译为 “achieved success”，所以翻译为 “Despite numerous difficulties, they overcame all the obstacles and achieved success.”。
答案：This company plans to expand its overseas business.
解析：“这家公司” 翻译为 “This company”；“计划” 翻译为 “plans to”；“拓展海外业务” 翻译为 “expand its overseas business”，“expand business” 表示 “拓展业务”，所以翻译为 “This company plans to expand its overseas business.”。
答案：It is estimated that this year's grain output will increase significantly.
解析：“据估计” 翻译为 “It is estimated that...”；“今年的粮食产量” 翻译为 “this year's grain output”；“将大幅增加” 翻译为 “will increase significantly”，所以翻译为 “It is estimated that this year's grain output will increase significantly.”。
答案：This organization is comprised of experts from different fields.
解析：“这个组织” 翻译为 “This organization”；“由…… 组成” 翻译为 “is comprised of...”；“来自不同领域的专家” 翻译为 “experts from different fields”，所以翻译为 “This organization is comprised of experts from different fields.”。
答案：This concert generated great excitement among music lovers.
解析：“这场音乐会” 翻译为 “This concert”；“在…… 中引起了极大的兴奋” 翻译为 “generated great excitement among...”；“音乐爱好者” 翻译为 “music lovers”，“generate excitement” 表示 “引起兴奋”，所以翻译为 “This concert generated great excitement among music lovers.”。
答案：This project aims to alleviate the poverty situation of local residents.
解析：“这个项目” 翻译为 “This project”；“旨在” 翻译为 “aims to”；“减轻当地居民的贫困状况” 翻译为 “alleviate the poverty situation of local residents”，“alleviate poverty” 表示 “减轻贫困”，所以翻译为 “This project aims to alleviate the poverty situation of local residents.”。
答案：Many fruits are rich in vitamins. For instance, oranges and apples.
解析：“许多水果都富含维生素” 翻译为 “Many fruits are rich in vitamins.”；“例如” 翻译为 “For instance”；“橙子和苹果” 翻译为 “oranges and apples”，所以翻译为 “Many fruits are rich in vitamins. For instance, oranges and apples.”。
答案：Pollution will damage the ecosystem and, in turn, threaten human survival.
解析：“污染会破坏生态系统” 翻译为 “Pollution will damage the ecosystem”；“相应地，也会威胁人类的生存” 翻译为 “and, in turn, threaten human survival”，“in turn” 表示 “相应地”，所以翻译为 “Pollution will damage the ecosystem and, in turn, threaten human survival.”。
答案：As an alternative, you can choose to travel by public transportation.
解析：“作为一种替代方案” 翻译为 “As an alternative”；“你可以选择” 翻译为 “you can choose to”；“乘坐公共交通工具出行” 翻译为 “travel by public transportation”，所以翻译为 “As an alternative, you can choose to travel by public transportation.”。
答案：They put down roots in this small town and led a peaceful life.
解析：“他们在这个小镇扎根” 翻译为 “They put down roots in this small town”；“过上了平静的生活” 翻译为 “led a peaceful life”，“put down roots” 表示 “扎根”，所以翻译为 “They put down roots in this small town and led a peaceful life.”。
二、语法知识点练习题答案及解析
（一）Choose the correct word to complete the sentence
答案：That
解析：“... he failed in the exam made his parents disappointed.”，“he failed in the exam” 是一个完整的句子，不缺少成分，用从属连词 “that” 引导主语从句，“that” 在从句中不充当成分，只起连接作用，所以选 “That”。
答案：Whether
解析：“... we will go on a picnic tomorrow depends on the weather.”，句子表达 “我们明天是否去野餐取决于天气”，“是否” 在句首引导主语从句，只能用 “whether”，“if” 不能用于句首引导主语从句，所以选 “Whether”。
答案：Who
解析：“... will be the next president is a question.”，从句缺少主语，且指人，“who”（谁）在从句中作主语，“whom” 是 “who” 的宾格形式，在从句中作宾语，所以选 “Who”。
答案：Where
解析：“... we should build the new factory has not been decided yet.”，句子表达 “我们应该在哪里建新工厂还没有决定”，缺少地点状语，“where”（在哪里）引导主语从句，在从句中作地点状语，所以选 “Where”。
答案：How
解析：“... he managed to finish the work in such a short time is a mystery.”，句子表达 “他如何在这么短的时间内完成工作是个谜”，缺少方式状语，“how”（如何）引导主语从句，在从句中作方式状语，所以选 “How”。
（二）Rewrite the following sentences using subject clauses with it as the formal subject
答案：It is important that we should protect the environment.
解析：原句 “That we should protect the environment is important.” 中，“That we should protect the environment” 是主语从句，用 “it” 作形式主语，将真正的主语从句放在句末，结构为 “It + be + 形容词 + that 从句”，所以改写为 “It is important that we should protect the environment.”。
答案：It is not certain whether he will come to the party tonight.
解析：原句 “Whether he will come to the party tonight is not certain.” 中，“Whether he will come to the party tonight” 是主语从句，用 “it” 作形式主语，将真正的主语从句放在句末，结构为 “It + be + 形容词 + whether 从句”，所以改写为 “It is not certain whether he will come to the party tonight.”。
答案：It is a problem how we can improve our English quickly.
解析：原句 “How we can improve our English quickly is a problem.” 中，“How we can improve our English quickly” 是主语从句，用 “it” 作形式主语，将真正的主语从句放在句末，结构为 “It + be + 名词 + 连接副词引导的从句”，所以改写为 “It is a problem how we can improve our English quickly.”。
答案：It is a good rest that he needs most.
解析：原句 “What he needs most is a good rest.” 中，“What he needs most” 是主语从句，用 “it” 作形式主语，将真正的主语从句放在句末，这里是强调句型的变形，强调 “a good rest”，结构为 “It + be + 被强调部分 + that 从句”，所以改写为 “It is a good rest that he needs most.”。
答案：It has not been announced who will be in charge of the project.
解析：原句 “Who will be in charge of the project has not been announced.” 中，“Who will be in charge of the project” 是主语从句，用 “it” 作形式主语，将真正的主语从句放在句末，结构为 “It + 完成时态的被动语态 + 连接代词引导的从句”，所以改写为 “It has not been announced who will be in charge of the project.”。
（三）Correct the mistakes in the following sentences
答案：When the meeting will start is still unknown.
解析：原句 “When will the meeting start is still unknown.” 错误，主语从句要用陈述语序，即 “连接词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他”，应把 “will the meeting start” 改为 “the meeting will start”，所以正确句子是 “When the meeting will start is still unknown.”。
答案：Whether he will attend the conference is not clear.
解析：原句 “If he will attend the conference is not clear.” 错误，“if” 不能用于句首引导主语从句，应把 “If” 改为 “Whether”，所以正确句子是 “Whether he will attend the conference is not clear.”。
答案：What he said made me confused.
解析：原句 “That he said made me confused.” 错误，“he said” 缺少宾语，“that” 在主语从句中不充当成分，应把 “That” 改为 “What”，“What” 在从句中作 “said” 的宾语，所以正确句子是 “What he said made me confused.”。
答案：What you want to do next is up to you.
解析：原句 “What do you want to do next is up to you.” 错误，主语从句要用陈述语序，应把 “do you want to do next” 改为 “you want to do next”，所以正确句子是 “What you want to do next is up to you.”。
答案：Whoever breaks the window should be punished.
解析：原句 “Who break the window should be punished.” 错误，“Who” 引导主语从句时，谓语动词应与主语的单复数保持一致，这里 “break” 应改为第三人称单数形式 “breaks”，或者用 “Whoever”（无论谁），表示强调任何打破窗户的人，所以正确句子是 “Whoever breaks the window should be punished.”。
