Period Two Using language
语言精讲
1.(1)①on ②by ③to ④v.谢绝,婉拒 (2)declined to leave
2.(1)to blame (2)①blame him for giving away ②blame your own failure on
语法探究
过去完成;过去完成时的被动语态;过去完成进行
语法归纳
【实战演练】
●Ⅰ 1.had lived 2.wished 3.had met 4.caught 5.had learned 6.had caught 7.has walked 8.had become
●Ⅱ 1.had wanted to apologize to her
2.I have attended
3.the first time that he had visited Xinjiang
4.searched the kitchen
5.had I fallen asleepPeriod Two Using language
Ⅰ.1.had discovered 2.had visited 3.had quit/quit; interviewed 4.has generated 5.had rushed 6.cooked
7.had underestimated 8.has claimed 9.had been torn 10.entered
Ⅱ.1.as if/though she had undergone
2.had intended to read a book/intended to have read a book
3.has already made breakfast
4.he had been defeated by his rival/opponent
5.the fire had already been put out
Ⅲ.【文章大意】 这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了农业的发展历史。
1.in 考查介词。分析可知,“…they lived…”应是之前名词the world 的定语从句,定语从句引导词被省略,可推知先行词应是在从句中作宾语,即:…they lived in the world. “live in+名词”意为“居住在某地”。故填in。
2.what 考查名词性从句。分析句子可知,宾语从句部分缺主语,所以引导词应为连接代词。根据句意可知,此处缺“什么”之意。故填what。
3.and 考查连词。hunting 和gathering 为并列关系,应用连词and连接,故填and。
4.was needed 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子可知,主语和need之间表示被动关系。同时此处描述的是过去的时间,所以时态应用过去时。故此处应用过去时的被动语态。food在此处为不可数名词。故填was needed。
5.to change 考查非谓语动词。分析句意可知,此处需用不定式作后置定语修饰power。故填to change。
6.had discovered 考查动词时态和语态。分析句子可知,设空处作谓语,主语和提示词之间为主动关系。“by+过去时间”意为“到……为止”,后面的句子用过去完成时。故填had discovered。
7.seasons 考查名词复数。分析句子可知,提示词为可数名词,应用复数形式。故填seasons。
8.making 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,make所处的分句中无主语,故此处需用非谓语动词。make use of和逻辑主语they之间表示主动关系,所以此处用现在分词形式作状语。故填making。
9.the 考查冠词。with the rise of意为“随着……的崛起”,是固定短语。故填the。
10.meant 考查动词时态。分析句子可知,设空处在句中作谓语,文章的整体时态是过去时,根据时态一致原则此处也应为过去时。故填meant。
Ⅳ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了从爸爸到妈妈再到作者在养植物的过程中得到安慰的故事。
1.B 根据下文needs and interests可知,这里说的是根据他们的特殊需求对房子进行了改造。故选B项。urgent紧急的;particular特殊的;basic基本的;formal正式的。
2.A 根据上文built-in bookshelves可知,书架用来存放他们的数百本书。故选A项。house收藏,存放;contain包括;keep保持;hide躲藏。
3.D 根据上文a heart attack可知,此处说的是夺去了他的生命。故选D项。waste浪费;affect影响;threaten威胁;claim夺去生命。
4.D 根据下文“…filled our sunroom with low-light plants like ferns (蕨类植物), which consistently died off.”可知,母亲不善于园艺。故选D项。golden touch金色之触;silver tongue善于言辞;brown thumb园艺技能差;green fingers园艺技能。
5.C 根据下文“…eventually got better through trial and error.”可知,妈妈进行了多年的实验,最终通过试错变得更好。故选C项。examine检查;explore探索;experiment做实验;discover发现。
6.C 根据上文plants可知,这些植物会让妈妈想起她和爸爸的快乐时光。故选C项。book书籍;bookshelf书架;plant植物;home家。
7.A 根据下文“…at least part of the room always had plants growing in it.”可知,这些植物让妈妈感到安慰。故选A项。comfort安慰;promise承诺;reward奖励;habit习惯。
8.C 根据下文“…landed her in hospital.”可知,妈妈摔倒导致住院。故选C项。rise增加;climb爬;fall摔倒;advance进步。
9.B 根据下文“…I felt …to the point of the breakdown.”可知,这里要说的是全身心地照顾妈妈。故选B项。disappointed失望的;occupied忙的,全身心的;bored无聊的;associated相关的。
10.D 根据下文the point of the breakdown可知,“我”感到筋疲力尽。故选D项。energetic精力充沛的;excited兴奋的;discouraged气馁的;exhausted筋疲力尽的。
11.C 根据下文“…I always got recharged…”可知,神奇的是,在照顾她的植物时,“我”总是恢复活力。故选C项。logically有逻辑地;systematically系统地;magically神奇地;consequently因此。
12.D 根据下文“…her plants, especially her enormous ferns…”可知,此处说的是当“我”照顾这些植物时。故选D项。shout at喊叫;clean away清除;cut down减少;care for关心,照顾。
13.B 根据上文especially her enormous ferns可知,这里说的是有一个更加合适的阴凉处。故选B项。warm温暖的;shady阴凉的;sunny晴朗的;cold寒冷的。
14.B 根据上文“Mum may not be with us much longer…”可知,妈妈的健康状况下降了。故选B项。improve提高;decline下降;change改变;increase增加。
15.A 根据上文“Mum may not be with us much longer, for her health has…significantly.”可知,妈妈生病,现在轮到“我”来照顾她的植物了。故选A项。turn(轮到的)机会;decision决定;dream梦想;future未来。
Ⅴ.【文章大意】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家利用大自然制作出油漆的方法和这种油漆的优点。
1.F 由上文“Structural colour comes from tiny shapes on the surfaces of things like wings, feathers or shells.”可知,下面要说跟“微小形状”有关的话题,F项中的small与空前的tiny相对应,能承接上文,符合文意。故选F。
2.C 由下文“They were trying to create a special mirrored surface. But they found super-small clumps of aluminum atoms (铝原子团块) on the surface. The researchers were upset because these small clumps messed up the mirror. Then they realized that the clumps made colours when light hit them. They decided to turn their discovery into paint.”可知,本空要说研究人员的打算,故C选项(研究人员并没有真正计划制造油漆。)能引起下文,且承接上文“Now scientists have used nanotechnology(纳米技术) to make paint with structural colour.”,符合文意。故选C。
3.D 由上文“The nanoparticles don’t really produce the colour. They simply reflect back a single colour.”可知,下面要说跟“反射”有关的话题,D项中的reflected与空前的reflect相对应,故D选项(它们的大小决定了反射的颜色。)能承接上文,符合文意。故选D。
4.E 由上文“Because the new paint doesn’t have pigments, the paint is so light that it could reduce the amount of fuel used by planes and cars.”可知,下面要介绍覆盖飞机的油漆,E项中的airplane与空前的planes相对应,故E选项(一般来说,覆盖一架飞机大约需要500公斤的油漆。)能承接上文,符合文意。故选E。
5.A 由下文“Once we paint something with structural colour, it should stay for centuries. What’s more, the new paint doesn’t heat up like regular paint.”可知,本段主要介绍这种油漆的优点,故A选项(这种新油漆还有其他几个优点。)能概括本段主题,符合文意。故选A。
Ⅵ.【文章大意】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了大堡礁的美丽、多样性、旅游吸引力及其面临的环境威胁。
1.Located 考查非谓语动词。空处需要非谓语动词作状语。be located意为 “坐落于……”,所以该短语去掉be动词,剩下过去分词作状语。该单词位于句首,首字母大写。故填Located。
2.structures 考查名词复数。structure为可数名词,前有few修饰,应用复数形式。故填structures。
3.was selected 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。空处为句子的谓语动词。根据时间状语in 1981可知,句子用一般过去时,且主语和select之间是被动关系,主语为第三人称单数形式。故填was selected。
4.stretching 考查非谓语动词。本题考查with的复合结构,即“with+宾语+宾语补足语”。空处为非谓语动词作宾语补足语。该动词和宾语2,900 individual reefs and 900 picturesque tropical islands之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作宾补。故填stretching。
5.which 考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词tiny organisms。先行词指物,从句缺少主语,所以用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。
6.a 考查冠词。a source of意为“……的来源”。故填a。
7.specially 考查副词。空处需要副词修饰动词coming。故填specially。
8.under 考查介词。be under threat为固定搭配,意为“受到威胁”。故填under。
9.expansion 考查名词。根据空前的industrial可知,空处需要名词作宾语。expand的名词形式为expansion“扩张”,为不可数名词,故填expansion。
10.and 考查连词。根据句意可知,前后为并列关系,故填and。Period Two Using language
1.decline n.下降,减少,衰退 v.下降,减少,衰退;谢绝,婉拒
(教材P71) After goats in particular had been brought to the island, the Pinta Island tortoise population declined.
尤其在山羊被带到这个岛之后,平塔岛龟的数量下降了。
(1)on the decline/in decline 走下坡路; 在衰退中(表示数量下降时,等同于on the decrease)
(2)decline to do sth=refuse to do sth
拒绝做某事
[温馨提示] 表示“增加”或“减少”的幅度常用介词by,后面常跟百分数;表示“增加到”或“减少到”常用介词to,后面常跟具体数字。
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空/熟词生义
①Sales of traditional cars are the decline as consumers shift towards electric vehicles.
②The price of electronic products has declined 20 percent since last January.
③The number of attendees at the event has declined 100, down from 300 last time.
④We offered to give Sharon a ride home, but she declined, saying that she felt like walking.
(2)写作金句
(读后续写之动作与情感描写)她拒绝离开,静静地坐着,从房间后面愤怒地盯着我。
She and sat silently, staring at me angrily from the back of the room.
2.blame v.把……归咎于;责怪,指责 n. (坏事或错事的)责任,责备,指责
(教材P71)The extinction of the Pinta Island tortoise is blamed on humans.
平塔岛龟的灭绝归咎于人类。
(1)blame sb for (doing) sth
因(做了)某事而责备某人
blame sth on sb 把某事归咎于某人
be to blame (for…) (因某事)应受责备,应(为……)承担责任(主动表示被动)
(2)lay/put/place the blame on…
把……归咎于……
bear/take/accept/shoulder the blame (for sth)
(对某事)承担责任
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
Some social app companies were (blame) because they didn’t adequately check their users’ registration.
(2)写作金句
①(读后续写之心理描写)他担心祖母可能会责备他把土豆送人。
He was worried his grandmother might potatoes.
②(读后续写之文末总结句)不要总把你自己的失败归咎于他人,相反,花点时间反思自己的行为和决定。
Don’t always others; instead, take a moment to reflect on your own actions and decisions. (v.)
阅读以下有关“派对尴尬事”的小短文,感知加黑部分,并回答其后的问题。
By the time I reached the party, everyone ①had already arrived. A delicious meal ②had been prepared by the host, which she ③had cooked herself. The music ④had been playing for over an hour, creating a lively atmosphere. I discovered that many guests ⑤had brought gifts; some ⑥had even handwritten cards to express their best wishes. Feeling a bit left out, it occurred to me that I ⑦had forgotten to bring anything. Embarrassed, I excused myself to find the host and explained that, unfortunately, I ⑧had overlooked the gift-giving part. She kindly assured me it was okay, as the company was more than enough.
【自主发现】
以上语段中的①③⑤⑥⑦⑧都是 时;②为 形式;④为 时。
过去完成时
1.基本结构:
2.基本用法:
(1)表示在过去某个时间或动作之前就已经发生的动作,通常简称为“过去的过去”。句中常有by,by the end of等介词(短语)和by the time,before,when,until等引导的状语从句。如:
When the police arrived, the thief had already escaped through the back door.
警察到的时候,小偷已经从后门逃走了。
By the time he graduated, he had published several short stories.
他毕业的时候,已经发表了几篇短篇小说。
(2)表示发生在过去某个动作或时刻之前的动作一直延续到过去的另一个时间,常与for, since等词连用。如:
When Jack arrived, Mary had been away for almost an hour.
当杰克到达时,玛丽已经离开快一个小时了。
3.过去完成时在几个重点句型中的应用:
(1)在no sooner…than…, hardly/scarcely…when…句型中,主句用过去完成时,意为“一……就……;刚……就……”。如:
We had no sooner arrived there than the meeting began.
我们一到那儿,会议就开始了。
I had hardly/scarcely returned from work when the rain poured down.
我刚下班回来,大雨就倾盆而下。
【名师点津】
若把句型中的no sooner, hardly/scarcely提前放在句首,主句用部分倒装,即提前助动词had。如:
No sooner had the concert started than the power went out, leaving the audience in stunned silence.
音乐会一开始,就停电了,观众们陷入了震惊的沉默中。
Hardly/Scarcely had she stepped out of the car when she noticed the keys were still inside.
她刚走出汽车,就注意到钥匙还在里面。
(2)在“It was the first/second/…time that…”句型中,that从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。如:
It was the first time that I had ever travelled alone.
这是我第一次独自旅行。
(3)表示“意愿,打算”的动词如hope, mean, want, think, expect, plan, intend等的过去完成时表示“原本……(但事实上并没有……)”之意。如:
We had expected to arrive early, but there was a traffic jam on the way.
我们原本预计会早到,但路上堵车了。
They had wanted to help but couldn’t get there in time.
他们本来想帮忙,但是未能及时赶到那里。
4.过去完成时与一般过去时、现在完成时的区别:
(1)一般过去时侧重发生在过去的客观事实;而过去完成时强调动作发生在过去的过去,一定有一个表示过去的参照点。如:
By the end of last year, we had produced 20,000 cars.
到去年年底,我们已经生产了20 000辆汽车。
A thief broke into his house last night and stole some of his wife’s jewellery.
昨晚一个小偷闯进他家,偷走了他妻子的一些首饰。
(2)过去完成时以过去作为时间参照来谈论更远的过去;现在完成时以现在作为时间参照来谈论过去。如:
He has just graduated from Harvard and is trying to find a job in Beijing.
他刚从哈佛大学毕业,正努力在北京找份工作。
Mary was pleased to see that the seeds she had planted in the garden were growing.
玛丽很高兴看到她在花园里种下的种子正在生长。
【实战演练】
●Ⅰ 单句填空
1.Before he moved to the countryside, he (live) in town for ten years.
2.As a little girl, I (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up.
3.She brought her three friends to the party, none of whom I (meet) before.
4.The fisherman (catch) a large fish that weighed over twenty pounds during his trip.
5.We (learn) about 4,000 English words by the end of last term.
6.In his letter, he said it was the third time that he (catch) a cold this year.
7.In the last five years, Cao (walk) through 34 countries in six continents.
8.Silk (become) one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.
●Ⅱ 句型训练
1.He (原本想向她道歉) before she left, but he just couldn’t find the right words.
2.It is the most instructive lecture that (我已经参加的) since I came to this school.
3.It was (他第一次游览新疆)and he was amazed by the breathtaking scenery.
4.Pahlsson and her husband (搜了厨房), checking every corner, but turned up nothing.
5.Hardly (我刚睡着) when the noise outside woke me up. Period Two Using language
●Ⅰ 单句填空(每小题1.5分,满分15分)
1. By the time the researcher finished her analysis, she (discover) that many of our ancestors had migrated from Europe.
2. It was the first time that he (visit) the awe-inspiring Statue of Liberty, and he couldn’t help but feel a sense of pride for his country.
3.Dick (quit) his previous job and was working as a technician in a company when the journalist (interview) him.
4. The computer (generate) a detailed report on the sales performance of the company over the last quarter.
5.He (rush) out of the spot before I could catch him in time.
6.She (cook) a delicious dinner for her family last night, and everyone enjoyed it.
7.During the halftime break of their quarter-final game, they realized they (underestimate) their opponent’s determination and will to win.
8.So far nobody (claim) the money discovered in the library.
9.All the wire fences around the campus (tear) down by the time Jack returned to school from home.
10.He (enter) the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper.
●Ⅱ 语法+写作(每小题3分,满分15分)
1. After the operation, Sarah walked with a newfound confidence, a life-changing surgery both physically and mentally.(undergo)
手术后,莎拉走路时带着一种前所未有的自信,仿佛她在身体和精神上都经历了改变人生的手术。
2.Last Saturday morning, Mary , but found herself drawn to practising yoga instead.
上周六早上,玛丽本来打算读一本书,但发现自己被练习瑜伽所吸引。
3.By the time the children wake up, their mother .
当孩子们醒来时,他们的妈妈已经做了早餐。
4.That was the third time that in the tournament.那已经是他第三次在锦标赛中被他的对手击败了。
5.By the time the fire department arrived, by the neighbours.当消防部门到达时,邻居们已经把火扑灭了。
●Ⅲ 语篇语法填空(每小题1.5分,满分15分)
[2025·广东广州高二期中]
Some time after 10,000 BC, people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived 1. , through agriculture. Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on 2. could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
Farming produced more food per person than hunting 3. gathering, so people were able to raise more children. And, as more children were born, more food 4. (need). Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology 5. (change) lives.
By about 6000 BC, people 6. (discover) the best crops to grow and animals to raise. Later,they learned to work with the 7. (season), planting at the right time and, in dry areas, 8. (make) use of annual floods to irrigate (灌溉) their fields.
This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then,with 9. rise of science, changes began. New methods 10. (mean) that fewer people worked in farming. In the last century or so, these changes have accelerated. New power machinery and artificial fertilizers (化肥) have now totally transformed a way of life that started in the Stone Age.
●Ⅳ 完形填空 (每小题1分,满分15分)
[2025·江西景德镇高二期中]
When I was 8, my family moved into our brand-new home. My parents had adapted it to our own 1 needs and interests, including built-in bookshelves to 2 their hundreds of books and a large, bright sunroom to shelter all the plants my garden-loving father planned to grow. Unfortunately, a few months later, a heart attack 3 his life.
My mother, who never had 4 , filled our sunroom with low-light plants like ferns (蕨类植物), which consistently died off. Instead of giving up, she 5 over years and eventually got better through trial and error. She never specifically said she wanted to become a better gardener as a way to keep my dad’s memory alive, but I knew the sight of the 6 could call to mind their happy time. It was a 7 to her that at least part of the room always had plants growing in it.
Then last year, Mum experienced a series of 8 that landed her in hospital. As I was thoroughly 9 with tending her while raising kids and working, I felt 10 to the point of the breakdown. 11 , I always got recharged when 12 her plants, especially her enormous ferns—now at home in a more appropriate 13 spot.
Mum may not be with us much longer, for her health has 14 significantly. It’s my 15 to develop a green thumb—nursing her plants is a future source of comfort that we could be always together.
( )1.A.urgent B.particular
C.basic D.formal
( )2.A.house B.contain
C.keep D.hide
( )3.A.wasted B.affected
C.threatened D.claimed
( )4.A.golden touch B.silver tongue
C.brown thumbs D.green fingers
( )5.A.examined B.explored
C.experimented D.discovered
( )6. A.books B.bookshelves
C.plants D.home
( )7.A.comfort B.promise
C.reward D.habit
( )8.A.rises B.climbs
C.falls D.advances
( )9.A.disappointed B.occupied
C.bored D.associated
( )10.A.energetic B.excited
C.discouraged D.exhausted
( )11.A.Logically B.Systematically
C.Magically D.Consequently
( )12.A.shouting at B.cleaning away
C.cutting down D.caring for
( )13.A.warm B.shady
C.sunny D.cold
( )14.A.improved B.declined
C.changed D.increased
( )15.A.turn B.decision
C.dream D.future
●Ⅴ 阅读七选五 (每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
Scientists make amazing paint
using ideas from nature
The colours in most paint come from pigments(颜料)—coloured things such as minerals, metals or chemicals. But nature has another way to create colour, called “structural colour”. Structural colour comes from tiny shapes on the surfaces of things like wings, feathers or shells. 1. Now scientists have used nanotechnology(纳米技术) to make paint with structural colour.
2. They were trying to create a special mirrored surface. But they found super-small clumps of aluminum atoms(铝原子团块) on the surface. The researchers were upset because these small clumps messed up the mirror. Then they realized that the clumps made colours when light hit them. They decided to turn their discovery into paint.
All the colours in the new paint come from aluminum. There are tiny aluminum pieces and then even smaller nanoparticles(纳米颗粒) that create the colours. The nanoparticles don’t really produce the colour. They simply reflect back a single colour.3.
Because the new paint doesn’t have pigments, the paint is so light that it could reduce the amount of fuel used by planes and cars. 4. It would only take 1.3kg of structural paint to do the same job.
5. In regular paint, pigments break down and fade over time. That’s not true for structural colour. Once we paint something with structural colour, it should stay for centuries. What’s more, the new paint doesn’t heat up like regular paint. That’s true even for darker colours. The new paint can keep surfaces up to 16.6 ℃ cooler than normal paint. Using the paint on buildings in cities could help cool cities and reduce the electricity spent on air conditioning.
A.The new paint has several other advantages.
B.Structural paint could save as much money as possible.
C.Researchers weren’t really planning on making paint.
D.The size of them determines which colour gets reflected.
E.Generally, it takes about 500kg of paint to cover an airplane.
F.Normally, we never see the shapes because they’re so small.
G.It will probably be a while before you can use structural colour.
●Ⅵ 语法填空(每小题1.5分,满分15分)
The Great Barrier Reef (GBR) is the world’s largest coral reef system. 1. (locate) off the coast of Queensland in north-east Australia, it is one of the few biological 2. (structure) visible from space. The GBR is one of the seven wonders of the world and 3. (select) as a World Heritage Site in 1981. It is blessed with breathtaking beauty with 2,900 individual reefs and 900 picturesque tropical islands 4. (stretch) for over 2,000 kilometres. The reef structure is composed of billions of tiny organisms, 5. support a wide diversity of marine life.
The sheer size of the GBR, as well as its beauty, draws people from all over the world each year. A visitor can enjoy thrilling experiences including helicopter tours, glass-bottomed boat viewing, whale watching, swimming with dolphins and so on. For Australians, the reef is 6. source of pride and enjoyment, with the majority of tourists coming 7. (special) to Australia to see it.
However, the GBR is 8. threat. The exploitation (开发) of oil and gas is driving industrial 9. (expand) along much of the northern Queensland coast. Recently, a research group has arrived in Australia to assess the condition of the GBR 10. investigate concerns of damage to it. Environmentalists are demanding that all industrial development be stopped until an official review of the health of the GBR is carried out. (共74张PPT)
Period Two
Using language
语言精讲
语法探究
语法归纳
练习册
答案速查【导】
答案速查【练】
1.decline n.下降,减少,衰退 v.下降,减少,衰退;谢绝,婉拒
(教材P71) After goats in particular had been brought to the
island, the Pinta Island tortoise population declined.
尤其在山羊被带到这个岛之后,平塔岛龟的数量下降了。
(1)on the decline/in decline 走下坡路; 在衰退中(表示数量下降时,
等同于on the decrease)
(2)decline to do sth=refuse to do sth 拒绝做某事
［温馨提示］ 表示“增加”或“减少”的幅度常用介词by,后面常跟百分
数;表示“增加到”或“减少到”常用介词to,后面常跟具体数字。
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空/熟词生义
①Sales of traditional cars are ____ the decline as consumers
shift towards electric vehicles.
②The price of electronic products has declined ____ 20 percent
since last January.
on
by
③The number of attendees at the event has declined ____ 100,
down from 300 last time.
④We offered to give Sharon a ride home, but she declined,
saying that she felt like walking.____________
to
v.谢绝,婉拒
(2)写作金句
(读后续写之动作与情感描写)她拒绝离开，静静地坐着，从房间后面
愤怒地盯着我。
She _________________ and sat silently, staring at me angrily
from the back of the room.
declined to leave
2.blame v.把……归咎于；责怪,指责 n. (坏事或错事的)责任,责备,
指责
(教材P71)The extinction of the Pinta Island tortoise is blamed on
humans.
平塔岛龟的灭绝归咎于人类。
(1)blame sb for (doing) sth 因(做了)某事而责备某人
blame sth on sb 把某事归咎于某人
be to blame (for…) (因某事)应受责备,应(为……)承担责任
(主动表示被动)
(2)lay/put/place the blame on… 把……归咎于……
bear/take/accept/shoulder the blame (for sth)
(对某事)承担责任
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
Some social app companies were __________ (blame) because
they didn't adequately check their users' registration.
to blame
(2)写作金句
①(读后续写之心理描写)他担心祖母可能会责备他把土豆送人。
He was worried his grandmother might_______________________
______ potatoes.
blame him for giving away
②(读后续写之文末总结句)不要总把你自己的失败归咎于他人,相反，
花点时间反思自己的行为和决定。
Don't always __________________________ others; instead, take a
moment to reflect on your own actions and decisions. (v.)
blame your own failure on
阅读以下有关“派对尴尬事”的小短文，感知加黑部分，并回答其
后的问题。
By the time I reached the party, everyone ①had already
arrived. A delicious meal ②had been prepared by the host,
which she ③had cooked herself. The music ④had been
playing for over an hour, creating a lively atmosphere. I
discovered that many guests ⑤had brought gifts; some ⑥had
even handwritten cards to express their best wishes. Feeling a
bit left out, it occurred to me that I ⑦had forgotten to bring
anything. Embarrassed, I excused myself to find the host and
explained that, unfortunately, I ⑧had overlooked the gift-giving
part. She kindly assured me it was okay, as the company was
more than enough.
【自主发现】
以上语段中的①③⑤⑥⑦⑧都是__________时；②为_____________
_________形式；④为______________时。
过去完成
过去完成时的被动语态
过去完成进行
过去完成时
1.基本结构:
2.基本用法:
(1)表示在过去某个时间或动作之前就已经发生的动作,通常简称为“过
去的过去”。句中常有by,by the end of等介词(短语)和by the
time,before,when,until等引导的状语从句。如:
When the police arrived, the thief had already escaped through
the back door.
警察到的时候，小偷已经从后门逃走了。
By the time he graduated, he had published several short
stories.
他毕业的时候，已经发表了几篇短篇小说。
(2)表示发生在过去某个动作或时刻之前的动作一直延续到过去的另
一个时间,常与for, since等词连用。如:
When Jack arrived, Mary had been away for almost an hour.
当杰克到达时,玛丽已经离开快一个小时了。
3.过去完成时在几个重点句型中的应用:
(1)在no sooner…than…, hardly/scarcely…when…句型中,主句用过去
完成时,意为“一……就……;刚……就……”。如:
We had no sooner arrived there than the meeting began.
我们一到那儿,会议就开始了。
I had hardly/scarcely returned from work when the rain
poured down.
我刚下班回来,大雨就倾盆而下。
【名师点津】
若把句型中的no sooner, hardly/scarcely提前放在句首,主句用部分
倒装,即提前助动词had。如:
No sooner had the concert started than the power went out,
leaving the audience in stunned silence.
音乐会一开始，就停电了，观众们陷入了震惊的沉默中。
Hardly/Scarcely had she stepped out of the car when she
noticed the keys were still inside.
她刚走出汽车，就注意到钥匙还在里面。
(2)在“It was the first/second/…time that…”句型中,that从句的谓语动
词用过去完成时。如:
It was the first time that I had ever travelled alone.
这是我第一次独自旅行。
(3)表示“意愿,打算”的动词如hope, mean, want, think, expect, plan,
intend等的过去完成时表示“原本……(但事实上并没有……)”之意。
如:
We had expected to arrive early, but there was a traffic jam on
the way.
我们原本预计会早到，但路上堵车了。
They had wanted to help but couldn't get there in time.
他们本来想帮忙,但是未能及时赶到那里。
4.过去完成时与一般过去时、现在完成时的区别:
(1)一般过去时侧重发生在过去的客观事实；而过去完成时强调动作
发生在过去的过去，一定有一个表示过去的参照点。如：
By the end of last year, we had produced 20,000 cars.
到去年年底,我们已经生产了20 000辆汽车。
A thief broke into his house last night and stole some of his
wife's jewellery.
昨晚一个小偷闯进他家,偷走了他妻子的一些首饰。
(2)过去完成时以过去作为时间参照来谈论更远的过去；现在完成时
以现在作为时间参照来谈论过去。如：
He has just graduated from Harvard and is trying to find a job
in Beijing.
他刚从哈佛大学毕业,正努力在北京找份工作。
Mary was pleased to see that the seeds she had planted in the
garden were growing.
玛丽很高兴看到她在花园里种下的种子正在生长。
【实战演练】
Ⅰ 单句填空
1.Before he moved to the countryside, he __________ (live) in
town for ten years.
2.As a little girl, I ________(wish) to be a zookeeper when I
grew up.
3.She brought her three friends to the party, none of whom I
_________ (meet) before.
had lived
wished
had met
4.The fisherman ________ (catch) a large fish that weighed over
twenty pounds during his trip.
5.We ____________ (learn) about 4,000 English words by the
end of last term.
6.In his letter, he said it was the third time that he
____________ (catch) a cold this year.
caught
had learned
had caught
7.In the last five years, Cao ____________ (walk) through 34
countries in six continents.
8.Silk _____________ (become) one of the primary goods traded
along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.
has walked
had become
Ⅱ 句型训练
1.He _______________________________ (原本想向她道歉) before
she left, but he just couldn't find the right words.
2.It is the most instructive lecture that ________________
(我已经参加的) since I came to this school.
3.It was _______________________________________ (他第一次游
览新疆)and he was amazed by the breathtaking scenery.
had wanted to apologize to her
I have attended
the first time that he had visited Xinjiang
4.Pahlsson and her husband ____________________ (搜了厨房),
checking every corner, but turned up nothing.
5.Hardly ___________________ (我刚睡着) when the noise
outside woke me up.
searched the kitchen
had I fallen asleep
练 习 册
Ⅰ 单句填空(每小题1.5分，满分15分)
1.By the time the researcher finished her analysis, she_______
_________ (discover) that many of our ancestors had migrated
from Europe.
had discovered
2.It was the first time that he___________ (visit) the awe-
inspiring Statue of Liberty, and he couldn't help but feel a
sense of pride for his country.
had visited
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
3.Dick_____________ (quit) his previous job and was working as
a technician in a company when the journalist____________
(interview) him.
had quit/quit
interviewed
4.The computer______________ (generate) a detailed report on
the sales performance of the company over the last quarter.
has generated
5.He____________(rush) out of the spot before I could catch
him in time.
had rushed
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
6.She________(cook) a delicious dinner for her family last night,
and everyone enjoyed it.
cooked
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
7.During the halftime break of their quarter-final game, they
realized they___________________ (underestimate) their
opponent's determination and will to win.
had underestimated
8.So far nobody____________ (claim) the money discovered in
the library.
has claimed
9.All the wire fences around the campus_______________ (tear)
down by the time Jack returned to school from home.
had been torn
10.He________(enter) the room, turned on the light and read an
evening paper.
entered
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Ⅱ 语法+写作(每小题3分，满分15分)
1.After the operation, Sarah walked with a newfound
confidence,_______________________________ a life-changing
surgery both physically and mentally.(undergo)
手术后，莎拉走路时带着一种前所未有的自信，仿佛她在身体和精
神上都经历了改变人生的手术。
as if/though she had undergone
1
2
3
4
5
2.Last Saturday morning, Mary_______________________________
_____________________________, but found herself drawn to
practising yoga instead.
上周六早上，玛丽本来打算读一本书，但发现自己被练习瑜伽所吸引。
had intended to read a book/ intended to have read a book
3.By the time the children wake up, their mother______________
_______________.
当孩子们醒来时，他们的妈妈已经做了早餐。
has already made breakfast
1
2
3
4
5
4.That was the third time that________________________________
_____________ in the tournament.
那已经是他第三次在锦标赛中被他的对手击败了。
he had been defeated by his rival/opponent
5.By the time the fire department arrived,_____________________
____________ by the neighbours.
当消防部门到达时，邻居们已经把火扑灭了。
the fire had already been put out
1
2
3
4
5
Ⅲ 语篇语法填空(每小题1.5分，满分15分)
［2025·广东广州高二期中］
Some time after 10,000 BC, people made the first real
attempt to control the world they lived 1.___, through
agriculture. Over thousands of years, they began to depend less
on 2.______ could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and
more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
Farming produced more food per person than hunting
3._____ gathering, so people were able to raise more children.
in
what
and
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
And， as more children were born, more food 4.____________
(need). Agriculture gave people their first experience of the
power of technology 5.___________ (change) lives.
By about 6000 BC， people 6._______________ (discover)
the best crops to grow and animals to raise. Later，they
learned to work with the 7.________ (season)， planting at the
right time and, in dry areas, 8.________ (make) use of annual
floods to irrigate (灌溉) their fields.
was needed
to change
had discovered
seasons
making
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then，
with 9.____ rise of science, changes began. New methods
10._______ (mean) that fewer people worked in farming. In the
last century or so, these changes have accelerated. New power
machinery and artificial fertilizers (化肥) have now totally
transformed a way of life that started in the Stone Age.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了农业的发展历史。
the
meant
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1.___
in
[解析] 考查介词。分析可知，“…they lived…”应是之前名词the
world 的定语从句，定语从句引导词被省略，可推知先行词应是在
从句中作宾语，即：…they lived in the world. “live in+名词”意为
“居住在某地”。故填in。
2.______
what
[解析] 考查名词性从句。分析句子可知，宾语从句部分缺主语，所
以引导词应为连接代词。根据句意可知，此处缺“什么”之意。故填
what。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
3._____
and
[解析] 考查连词。hunting 和gathering 为并列关系，应用连词and
连接，故填and。
4.____________
was needed
[解析] 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，主语和
need之间表示被动关系。同时此处描述的是过去的时间，所以时态
应用过去时。故此处应用过去时的被动语态。food在此处为不可数
名词。故填was needed。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
5.___________
to change
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。分析句意可知，此处需用不定式作后置定
语修饰power。故填to change。
6._______________
had discovered
[解析] 考查动词时态和语态。分析句子可知，设空处作谓语，主语
和提示词之间为主动关系。“by+过去时间”意为“到……为止”，后面
的句子用过去完成时。故填had discovered。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
7.________
seasons
[解析] 考查名词复数。分析句子可知，提示词为可数名词，应用复
数形式。故填seasons。
8.________
making
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，make所处的分句中无主语，
故此处需用非谓语动词。make use of和逻辑主语they之间表示主动
关系，所以此处用现在分词形式作状语。故填making。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
9.____
the
[解析] 考查冠词。with the rise of意为“随着……的崛起”，是固定
短语。故填the。
10._______
meant
[解析] 考查动词时态。分析句子可知，设空处在句中作谓语，文章
的整体时态是过去时，根据时态一致原则此处也应为过去时。故填
meant。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Ⅳ 完形填空(每小题1分，满分15分)
［2025·江西景德镇高二期中］
When I was 8, my family moved into our brand-new home.
My parents had adapted it to our own . .1. . needs and interests,
including built-in bookshelves to . .2. . their hundreds of books
and a large, bright sunroom to shelter all the plants my
garden-loving father planned to grow. Unfortunately, a few
months later, a heart attack. .3. . his life.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
My mother, who never had . .4. .， filled our sunroom with
low-light plants like ferns (蕨类植物), which consistently died off.
Instead of giving up, she . .5. . over years and eventually got
better through trial and error. She never specifically said she
wanted to become a better gardener as a way to keep my
dad's memory alive, but I knew the sight of the . .6. . could call
to mind their happy time. It was a. .7. . to her that at least part
of the room always had plants growing in it.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Then last year, Mum experienced a series of . .8. . that
landed her in hospital. As I was thoroughly . .9. . with tending
her while raising kids and working, I felt . .10. . to the point of
the breakdown. . .11. ., I always got recharged when . .12. . her
plants, especially her enormous ferns—now at home in a more
appropriate . .13. . spot.
Mum may not be with us much longer, for her health
has . .14. . significantly. It's my . .15. . to develop a green thumb—
nursing her plants is a future source of comfort that we could
be always together.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了从爸爸到妈妈再
到作者在养植物的过程中得到安慰的故事。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( )1.A.urgent B.particular C.basic D.formal
[解析] 根据下文needs and interests可知，这里说的是根据他们的
特殊需求对房子进行了改造。故选B项。urgent紧急的；particular特
殊的；basic基本的；formal正式的。
( )2.A.house B.contain C.keep D.hide
[解析] 根据上文built-in bookshelves可知，书架用来存放他们的数
百本书。故选A项。house收藏，存放；contain包括；keep保持；
hide躲藏。
√
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( )3.A.wasted B.affected C.threatened D.claimed
[解析] 根据上文a heart attack可知，此处说的是夺去了他的生命。
故选D项。waste浪费；affect影响；threaten威胁；claim夺去生命。
( )4.A.golden touch B.silver tongue
C.brown thumbs D.green fingers
[解析] 根据下文“…filled our sunroom with low-light plants like
ferns (蕨类植物), which consistently died off.”可知，母亲不善于园
艺。故选D项。golden touch金色之触；silver tongue善于言辞；
brown thumb园艺技能差；green fingers园艺技能。
√
√
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
( )5.A.examined B.explored
C.experimented D.discovered
[解析] 根据下文“…eventually got better through trial and error.”
可知，妈妈进行了多年的实验，最终通过试错变得更好。故选C项。
examine检查；explore探索；experiment做实验；discover发现。
( )6.A.books B.bookshelves C.plants D.home
[解析] 根据上文plants可知，这些植物会让妈妈想起她和爸爸的快乐
时光。故选C项。book书籍；bookshelf书架；plant植物；home家。
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( )7.A.comfort B.promise C.reward D.habit
[解析] 根据下文“…at least part of the room always had plants
growing in it.”可知，这些植物让妈妈感到安慰。故选A项。comfort
安慰；promise承诺；reward奖励；habit习惯。
( )8.A.rises B.climbs C.falls D.advances
[解析] 根据下文“…landed her in hospital.”可知，妈妈摔倒导致住
院。故选C项。rise增加；climb爬；fall摔倒；advance进步。
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( )9.A.disappointed B.occupied C.bored D.associated
[解析] 根据下文“…I felt …to the point of the breakdown.”可知，
这里要说的是全身心地照顾妈妈。故选B项。disappointed失望的；
occupied忙的，全身心的；bored无聊的；associated相关的。
( )10.A.energetic B.excited
C.discouraged D.exhausted
[解析] 根据下文the point of the breakdown可知，“我”感到筋疲力
尽。故选D项。energetic精力充沛的；excited兴奋的；discouraged
气馁的；exhausted筋疲力尽的。
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( )11.A.Logically B.Systematically
C.Magically D.Consequently
[解析] 根据下文“…I always got recharged…”可知，神奇的是，在
照顾她的植物时，“我”总是恢复活力。故选C项。logically有逻辑地；
systematically系统地；magically神奇地；consequently因此。
( )12.A.shouting at B.cleaning away
C.cutting down D.caring for
[解析] 根据下文“…her plants, especially her enormous ferns…”可
知，此处说的是当“我”照顾这些植物时。故选D项。shout at喊叫；
clean away清除；cut down减少；care for关心，照顾。
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( )13.A.warm B.shady C.sunny D.cold
[解析] 根据上文especially her enormous ferns可知，这里说的是有
一个更加合适的阴凉处。故选B项。warm温暖的；shady阴凉的；
sunny晴朗的；cold寒冷的。
( )14.A.improved B.declined C.changed D.increased
[解析] 根据上文“Mum may not be with us much longer…”可知，
妈妈的健康状况下降了。故选B项。improve提高；decline下降；
change改变；increase增加。
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7
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( )15.A.turn B.decision C.dream D.future
[解析] 根据上文“Mum may not be with us much longer, for her
health has…significantly.”可知，妈妈生病，现在轮到“我”来照顾她的
植物了。故选A项。turn(轮到的)机会；decision决定；dream梦想；
future未来。
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Ⅴ 阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
Scientists make amazing paint
using ideas from nature
The colours in most paint come from pigments(颜料)—
coloured things such as minerals, metals or chemicals. But
nature has another way to create colour, called “structural
colour”. Structural colour comes from tiny shapes on the
surfaces of things like wings, feathers or shells. 1.___ Now
scientists have used nanotechnology(纳米技术) to make paint
with structural colour.
F
1
2
3
4
5
2.___ They were trying to create a special mirrored surface. But
they found super-small clumps of aluminum atoms(铝原子团块)
on the surface. The researchers were upset because these small
clumps messed up the mirror. Then they realized that the
clumps made colours when light hit them. They decided to turn
their discovery into paint.
All the colours in the new paint come from aluminum.
There are tiny aluminum pieces and then even smaller
nanoparticles(纳米颗粒) that create the colours.
C
1
2
3
4
5
The nanoparticles don't really produce the colour. They simply
reflect back a single colour.3.___
Because the new paint doesn't have pigments, the paint is
so light that it could reduce the amount of fuel used by planes
and cars. 4.___ It would only take 1.3kg of structural paint to
do the same job.
D
E
1
2
3
4
5
5.___ In regular paint, pigments break down and fade over time.
That's not true for structural colour. Once we paint something
with structural colour, it should stay for centuries. What's more,
the new paint doesn't heat up like regular paint. That's true
even for darker colours. The new paint can keep surfaces up to
16.6 cooler than normal paint. Using the paint on buildings
in cities could help cool cities and reduce the electricity spent
on air conditioning.
A
1
2
3
4
5
A.The new paint has several other advantages.
B.Structural paint could save as much money as possible.
C.Researchers weren't really planning on making paint.
D.The size of them determines which colour gets reflected.
E.Generally, it takes about 500kg of paint to cover an airplane.
F.Normally, we never see the shapes because they're so small.
G.It will probably be a while before you can use structural
colour.
【文章大意】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家利用大自然
制作出油漆的方法和这种油漆的优点。
1
2
3
4
5
1.___
F
[解析] 由上文“Structural colour comes from tiny shapes on the
surfaces of things like wings, feathers or shells.”可知,下面要说跟
“微小形状”有关的话题,F项中的small与空前的tiny相对应,能承接上文,
符合文意。故选F。
1
2
3
4
5
2.___
C
[解析] 由下文“They were trying to create a special mirrored
surface. But they found super-small clumps of aluminum atoms
(铝原子团块) on the surface. The researchers were upset because
these small clumps messed up the mirror. Then they realized
that the clumps made colours when light hit them. They
decided to turn their discovery into paint.”可知,本空要说研究人员
的打算,故C选项(研究人员并没有真正计划制造油漆。)能引起下文,且
承接上文“Now scientists have used nanotechnology(纳米技术) to
make paint with structural colour.”，符合文意。故选C。
1
2
3
4
5
3.___
D
[解析] 由上文“The nanoparticles don't really produce the colour.
They simply reflect back a single colour.”可知,下面要说跟“反射”有
关的话题,D项中的reflected与空前的reflect相对应,故D选项
(它们的大小决定了反射的颜色。)能承接上文,符合文意。故选D。
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2
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5
4.___
E
[解析] 由上文“Because the new paint doesn't have pigments, the
paint is so light that it could reduce the amount of fuel used
by planes and cars.”可知,下面要介绍覆盖飞机的油漆,E项中的
airplane与空前的planes相对应,故E选项(一般来说,覆盖一架飞机大约
需要500公斤的油漆。)能承接上文,符合文意。故选E。
1
2
3
4
5
5.___
A
[解析] 由下文“Once we paint something with structural colour, it
should stay for centuries. What's more, the new paint doesn't
heat up like regular paint.”可知,本段主要介绍这种油漆的优点,故A
选项(这种新油漆还有其他几个优点。)能概括本段主题,符合文意。
故选A。
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Ⅵ 语法填空(每小题1.5分，满分15分)
The Great Barrier Reef (GBR) is the world's largest coral reef
system. 1._________ (locate) off the coast of Queensland in
north-east Australia, it is one of the few biological 2.__________
(structure) visible from space. The GBR is one of the seven
wonders of the world and 3._____________ (select) as a World
Heritage Site in 1981. It is blessed with breathtaking beauty with
2,900 individual reefs and 900 picturesque tropical islands
4.__________ (stretch) for over 2,000 kilometres. The reef
structure is composed of billions of tiny organisms, 5._______
support a wide diversity of marine life.
Located
structures
was selected
stretching
which
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6
7
8
9
10
The sheer size of the GBR, as well as its beauty, draws
people from all over the world each year. A visitor can enjoy
thrilling experiences including helicopter tours, glass-bottomed
boat viewing, whale watching, swimming with dolphins and so
on. For Australians, the reef is 6.___ source of pride and
enjoyment, with the majority of tourists coming 7._________
(special) to Australia to see it.
a
specially
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
However, the GBR is 8._______ threat. The exploitation (开发)
of oil and gas is driving industrial 9.__________ (expand) along
much of the northern Queensland coast. Recently, a research
group has arrived in Australia to assess the condition of the
GBR 10._____ investigate concerns of damage to it.
Environmentalists are demanding that all industrial development
be stopped until an official review of the health of the GBR is
carried out.
under
expansion
and
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了大堡礁的美丽、多
样性、旅游吸引力及其面临的环境威胁。
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9
10
1._________
Located
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。空处需要非谓语动词作状语。be located
意为 “坐落于……”，所以该短语去掉be动词，剩下过去分词作状语。
该单词位于句首，首字母大写。故填Located。
2.__________
structures
[解析] 考查名词复数。structure为可数名词，前有few修饰，应用复
数形式。故填structures。
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3._____________
was selected
[解析] 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。空处为句子的谓语动词。
根据时间状语in 1981可知，句子用一般过去时，且主语和select之
间是被动关系，主语为第三人称单数形式。故填was selected。
4.__________
stretching
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。本题考查with的复合结构，即“with+宾语+
宾语补足语”。空处为非谓语动词作宾语补足语。该动词和宾语2,900
individual reefs and 900 picturesque tropical islands之间为主动关
系，所以用现在分词作宾补。故填stretching。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
5._______
which
[解析] 考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词tiny
organisms。先行词指物，从句缺少主语，所以用关系代词which引
导该从句。故填which。
6.___
a
[解析] 考查冠词。a source of意为“……的来源”。故填a。
7._________
specially
[解析] 考查副词。空处需要副词修饰动词coming。故填specially。
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
8._______
under
[解析] 考查介词。be under threat为固定搭配，意为“受到威胁”。
故填under。
9.__________
expansion
[解析] 考查名词。根据空前的industrial可知，空处需要名词作宾语。
expand的名词形式为expansion“扩张”，为不可数名词，故填
expansion。
10._____
and
[解析] 考查连词。根据句意可知，前后为并列关系，故填and。
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Unit 5 Revealing nature
Period Two Using language
导学案
语言精讲
1.（1）①on ②by ③to ④v.谢绝,婉拒
（2）declined to leave
2.（1）to blame （2）①blame him for giving away
②blame your own failure on
语法探究
过去完成;过去完成时的被动语态;过去完成进行
语法归纳
【实战演练】
Ⅰ 1.had lived 2.wished 3.had met 4.caught 5.had learned
6.had caught 7.has walked 8.had become
Ⅱ 1.had wanted to apologize to her 2.I have attended
3.the first time that he had visited Xinjiang
4.searched the kitchen 5.had I fallen asleep
练习册
Ⅰ 1.had discovered 2.had visited 3.had quit/quit;interviewed
4.has generated 5.had rushed 6.cooked 7.had underestimated
8.has claimed 9.had been torn 10.entered
Ⅱ 1.as if/though she had undergone
2.had intended to read a book/intended to have read a book
3.has already made breakfast 4.he had been defeated by his
rival/opponent 5.the fire had already been put out
Ⅲ 1.in 2.what 3.and 4.was needed 5.to change 6.had
discovered 7.seasons 8.making 9.the 10.meant
Ⅳ 1.B 2.A 3.D 4.D 5.C 6.C 7.A 8.C 9.B 10.D 11.C
12.D 13.B 14.B 15.A
Ⅴ 1.F 2.C 3.D 4.E 5.A
Ⅵ 1.Located 2.structures 3.was selected 4.stretching
5.which 6.a 7.specially 8.under 9.expansion 10.and
